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5q27int.indd 1

2012/12/27 09:10:42

1 1
1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

13

23
33
42

2 47
2.1

48

2.2

53

2.3

64

3 73
3.1

74

3.2

3.3

79
90

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5q27con.indd 1

2012/12/27 09:11:22

3.4

3.5

3.6

103

112
129

4 135
4.1

136

4.2

152

4.3

4.4

158

164

5 173
5.1

174

5.2

5.3

5.4

184

188
200

6 207
6.1

208

6.2

216

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5q27con.indd 2

2012/12/27 09:11:23

6.3

224

7 229
7.1

230

7.2

7.3

7.4

237

253
262

8 279
8.1

280

8.2

8.3

8.4

EulerHamilton

8.5

8.6

289

296
308

314
327

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5q27con.indd 3

2012/12/27 09:11:23

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

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5q271.indd 1

2012/12/27 09:13:31

1.1

truthTfalseF
proposition

truth value

1. (1) T
(2) 21 = 6F
(3)

paradox
P
(i) PP
(ii) P
P
PP
2

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5q271.indd 2

2012/12/27 09:13:32

12 = 3
atom proposition
primary proposition
compound propositionconnective
1negation2and3or

fx[ab]fx[ab]

12 = 5

TF

truth table

r2r

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5q271.indd 3

2012/12/27 09:13:32

2r
2r

()
ppppTp
FpFpTp
p

2. pp

P1p1p2pnP2p1p2pnP1
P2assign
P1P2P1 P2P1P2

3. pp
4

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5q271.indd 4

2012/12/27 09:13:32

p
T
F

T
F

F
T

()
pqpqpqpq
FpqFT
p

p q

4.
(a) 12 = 3
(b) 12 = 4
(c) 12 = 4
(d) 12 = 3

(a) 12 = 3
12 = 3
(b) 12 = 4
12 = 4

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5q271.indd 5

2012/12/27 09:13:32

(c) 12 = 4
12 = 4
(d) 12 = 3
12 = 3
()
pqpqpqpq
TpqT
p

p q

5.
(a) 12 = 3
(b) 12 = 4
(c) 12 = 4
(d) 12 = 3

(a) 12 = 3
12 = 3
(b) 12 = 4
12 = 4
(c) 12 = 4
12=4

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5q271.indd 6

2012/12/27 09:13:32

(d) 12 = 3
12 = 3

(a) 23 = 554 = 7
(b) 21 = 535 = 7
(c) 21 = 53x = 7x =
6. pT ppT TpF FpF =
p

(a)
p

pT

PT P
pT p

(b)
p
T
F

T
T
T

pF

(c)

pT
T
T

PT T
pT T

66

pFF
pF F

66

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5q271.indd 7

2012/12/27 09:13:32

(d)
p

pF

pF = p

7. p = Tq = Fr = T
(a) pqr
(b) ppq
(c) pqqr

(a)
p

qr

FF

p = Tq = Fr = T pqr= F
(b)
p

pq

T T

p = Tq = Fr = T ppq= F
(c)
p

pq

qr

p = Tq = Fr = T pqqr T

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5q271.indd 8

2012/12/27 09:13:33

pqrp = Tq = Fr = F
(a) pqr
(b) pqr
a T

b T

8. ppq pq
ppqpq

p q

pq

[p] p

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5q271.indd 9

2012/12/27 09:13:33

tautologyFcontradiction

pq qp

pq qp

pqrpqr

pqrpqr

pp p

pp p

ppq p

ppq p

pqr

pqr

pqpr

pqpr

pq pq

pq pq

De Morgan

p p

pT p

pT T

pF F

pF p

pp F

pp T

dualitypqr
pqpr

pqrpqpr

pqrpqpr
9. pq pq

(a) pq pq

10

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5q271.indd 10

2012/12/27 09:13:33

pq
(b) pq pq

pq pq

10. ppq pq

(a) ppqpppq
Tpq
pq
(b) ppqpq

ppqpq

pqr pqr
associative laws

1.1
1.
(a) 23 = 4

(b) 23 = 5

(c) x2 = 5

(d) xy = yxxy

(e)

(f)

Ans. abd
2. p = q = pq
a~cd~e
(a)
(b)
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5q271.indd 11

11

2012/12/27 09:13:34

(c)
Ans.apq

bpq

cpq

(d) pq
(e) pq
3.
(a) 12 = 4

(b) 25 = 7

(c) 12 = 425 = 7

(d) 12 = 425 7

(e) 12 = 325 7

(f) 12 = 425 = 7

(g) 12 425 = 7
Ans. bcegTF
4.
(a) pqr
(b) ppqq
(c) pqrq
5. p = Tq = Tr = F
(a) pqr
(b) pqpr
(c) pqrpq
Ans. (a) T

(b) T

(c) T

6.

(a) pqpq p
(b) qpqp T
7.

12

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5q271.indd 12

2012/12/27 09:13:34

T
T
T
F
F
T
F
F
pqpqpq

pq
F
T
T
F

(a) pT p
(b) pqr pqr
8. Absorption laws
ppq p

9. De Morgan
pq pq

1.2

conditional propositionpqpq
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5q271.indd 13

13

2012/12/27 09:13:34

. .
, 2013.01
.
ISBN 978-957-11-6931-6
1.
314.8

101025026

5Q27

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