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1950
1999

201012517
201211
201412

Local Self-GovernanceLocal
GovernmentLocal System

Local Government Act1994

Local Government Act

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90

Hans Kelsen1970388

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11

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10
119

260498527550553

1999

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Leviathan

1
localismdirectniss
communitarianismnetworks

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local autonomy
autonomyself-government

decentralization
devolutiondeconcentration

central
peripheral

centralization

Andrew Heywood2002
158-159.

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integrativecentralizing
devolutionarydecentralizing

-political-administrativeterritory

deconcentration

200576

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11

Decentralization

5
6

A. Agrawal and Ribot J., Accountability in Decentralization: A Framework with South Asian
and West African Environmental Cases, The Journal of Developing Areas, Vol.33, 1999,

5
6

pp.473-502.
2004http://ap6.pccu.edu.
tw /Encyclopedia/introduction.asp
1.
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4.
Gregersen, H., Contreras-Hermosilla, A., White, A. and Phillips, L. Forest
Governance in Federal Systems: An Overview of Experiences and Lessons, Elizabeth
Linda Yuliani, Decentralization, deconcentration and devolution:what do they mean?
2004/4/27-30, http://www.cifor.cgiar.org.

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delegation
devolutionary
Delegation of authority or duties to a subordinate or substitute
A transfer of powers from a central government
to local units.
Devolutionary
8De-centralizationCentralization

privatisation
I. Ferguson & C. Chandrasekharan, Paths and Pitfalls of Decentralization for Sustainable
Forest Management: Experiences of the Asia-Pacific Region, Elizabeth Linda

Yuliani, 2004.

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13

20

9
10

111990
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12

Tony Bovaird & Elke Lfer, Moving From Excellence Models of Local Service Delivery to
Benchmarking Good Local Governance, International Review of Administrative Sciences,

10
11
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Vol. 68, No. 1, 2002, pp.9-24.

L. Hooghe & G.. Marks, Multi-Level Governance and European Integration (Oxford:
Rowman and Littleel. 2001), pp.1-10.
H. Gregersen,, A. Contreras-Hermosilla., A.White & L.Phillips, Forest Governance in
Federal Systems: An Overview of Experiences and Lessons,Yuliani, 2004
2007
7-9

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14

decentralization
102

96

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16

1982

dual sovereignty 1

1.
2.
3.4.
5.
6.7.
8.3

Dye, R. ThomasPower &

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20009
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1.2.
4
Heywood
5

1.

2.

3.state within a
state

4.

30 6

1993

4
5
6

Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

1986507
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220-221
Jan-Erik LaneSvante Ersson15
The New Institutional: Performance and Outcomes (New York: Routledge, 2000),
pp.120-121.

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7
8

Lijphartsegmental cleavages9

Watts1996Elazar
1995 101982

11

une et indivisible

1962Ne Win

Lijphart, A.2003
17-18

10

L. R. Watts, Comparative Federal System in the 1990s, Kinston, Ontario: Institute of

Intergovernmental Relations, 1996; J. D. Elazar, Federalism. In Seymour Martin Lipset

11

(ed.), The Encyclopedia of Democracy (pp. 474-82). London: Routledge, 1995.

Mark O. Rousseau and Raphael Zariski. Regionalism and Regional Devolution in Comparative
Perspective. New York: Praeger, 1987, pp.270-271.

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19

12

12

Andrew Heywood2002
220-221

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13
18741
23

We the people of the states of...

We, the people of the United States

14

13
14

Edward S. Corwin & J.W. Peltason, Understanding

the Constitution199230-31
David V. Edward, The American Political Experience, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, 1998, p.56.

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