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OSA Fellow

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/ 1960

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1.1

1.2

1.3

14

19

2.1

20

2.2

28

2.3

38

2.4

45

47

3.1

48

3.2

51

3.3

55

3.4

57

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3.5

59

3.6

60

3.7

74

87

4.1

88

4.2

89

4.3

96

4.4

98

4.5

102

4.6

104

4.7

107

117

5.1

118

5.2

122

5.3

131

5.4

139

5.5

152

161

6.1

162

6.2

171

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6.3

173

6.4

180

6.5

187

193

7.1

194

7.2

195

7.3

202

7.4

213

219

8.1

220

8.2

222

8.3

227

8.4

243

8.5

247

8.6 SONET/SDH

257

265

9.1

268

9.2

275

9.3

279

9.4

282

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10

301

10.1

302

10.2

304

10.3

310

10.4

318

10.5

323

11

333

11.1

334

11.2

337

11.3

339

11.4

345

11.5

348

11.6

352

11.7

355

360

369

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1.1

1.2

1.3

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0.2dB/km
4.5%

1.1

1.1International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, ITT


1966
1960

1965
20dB

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2009

1.1

step-index fiber, SI
graded-index fiber, GRINsingle mode fiber, SMF
1.2
Z
-

acceptance angle

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numerical aperture
1.3

n
0.015

0.02

n1
n2

n1
n2

125 m

50 m
125 m

n1
n2

0.15
125 m

(b)

(a)
1.2

5 m

(c)

10 5nm 10 3nm 1nm


x

103nm
106nm
1m
103m

71014

1.3
4

41014

II

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1.2

1.2.1

Single Mode Fiber, SMF

transverse mode

6~9 m 125 m
0.12
1310 1550
nm

1.2.2

Multi-Mode Fiber, MMF

10mbps 100mbps
2000m
295m

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graded 1.4
stepped

Stepped Index
cladding
62.5 m cladding 125
m

0.4mm

0.9mm

1.4

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1.2.3

Dispersion Shifted Fiber, DSF

1550 nm
pulse
spreading 1550 nm
2.5 Gb/s


DWDMEDFAErbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers OTDM

Four Wave Mixing,


FMWCross-Phase modulation

Wavelength Division Multiplexing, WDM


1310nm 1550nm

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1.2.4

1.2.5

Plastic Optical Fiber, POF

POF 1.5
PMMA
20 90 POF
(DuPont) 1960
PMMAacrylic

96

POF

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1.5

POF
POF - ALL POF - PLUS

1.2.6

Dispersion Compensating Fiber, DCF

1300nm
WDMEDFA 1300 nm
1550 nm 1550 nm

1300 nm
1550 nm
1300 nm 1550 nm

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1300 nm 1550 nm 17 ps/nm km

1550 nm

1.2.7

Polarization Maintaining Fiber,


PMF

X Y
low-birefringent fibershigh-birefringent fibers
1.6
10

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Depressed
Cladding
PANDA Bow-Tie
1.6

B= nX

ny

BBirefringent

LB= /B=2 / B

LBBeat Length

Tp =B/C

Tp Polarization DispersionC

CT=10log

px
py

CTCross Talkpxpy xy

B>10

Two-Polarization Fibers Single-Polarization Fibers

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11

PANDA Bow Tie depressed-cladding


near perfectly
round-core spun twisting

1.2.8

Photonic-Crystal Fiber, PCF

1.7

1.7

One Dimension
PBG, Photonic Band Gap
Two Dimension
12

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Index Guiding Photonic Crystal Fiber, IG-PCF

Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, HC-PCF

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.

1.2.9

Photo Sensitive Fiber

GeB

GeO
OH
Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG

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13

1.3

modulation

Smart Structure

14

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15

[1] M. Kerker, The Scattering of Light, and other electromagnetic radiation, Academic Press, 1997.
[2] H. C. van de Hulst, Light scattering by small particles, Dover Publications,
1981-12-01.
[3] R.G. Smith, Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering, Appl. Opt., vol.11, pp.
2489-2494,1972
[4] R. Paschotta, Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology, Wiley-VCH,
2008.
[5] V. Alwayn, Optical Network Design and Implementation, Cisco Press,
2007-12-26.
[6] Agrawal, Govind P., Fiber-optic communication systems, John Wiley &
Sons, 2002.
[7]
2002
[8] The Internafional Engineering Consortium, Raman amplification desigu in
WDM system [On line].
[9]
2006
[10] L. Dou ,S.K. Liaw, M. Li, Y. T. Lin, and A. Xu,Parameters optimization of
high efficiency discrete Raman fiber amplifier by using the coupled steady-sta16

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te equations, Optics Communications, vol.273, pp.149-152, 2007


[11] PIDA
[12] PIDA1999
[13] Nobelprize.orgThe Nobel Prize in Physics 2009, 2009.
[14] 2001
[15] Dutton,Understanding Optical Communications, Prentice Hall, 1999.
[16] Raman Kashyap, Fiber Bragg Gratings, Academic Press, 2009.
[17] 1993-03-01.
[18] Wilson,Hawkes, Optoelectronics An Introduction (3E), Prentice Hall,1998.

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17

2.1
2.2

2.3

2.4

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2.1

2.1.1

Ray optics or geometric optics

2.1.2

2.1.3

Reflection

20

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A
Acoustic Phonon

106

Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter

All-Fiber

148, 149

342, 343

303

104

Array Waveguide Grating, AWG

271,

Arrayed Waveguide Grating

122

Birefringence 10-12, 69-71,

Bit Error Rate

151, 152, 250, 271, 278

61, 105, 107

Bound Rays

80, 230-234

Brillouin Amplifiers

162
51, 52

107

Attenuation Coefficient

Attenuator

164,

171

Blazed Gratings

135, 137, 317

Array Detector 323

266-268, 271, 277-279, 283, 284,

Bessel Function

Sensors

71-74, 76-77, 105, 140, 153, 162,

289, 291, 293-295, 302, 334

Amplitude Or Intensity Modulated

2, 5-7, 39, 40,

220-225, 227, 230, 239, 247,

AT&T

Anti-Stokes Scattering

182, 200, 202-204, 209, 212, 213,

American Telephone & Telegraph,

Ampere Law

Bandwidth

Brillouin Shift
Broadband Light Source

83, 84, 220, 257, 285, 286, 289

Buffer Coating
118, 121,

106

12, 48, 99,

309
Bulk Optic-Mechanical Switches

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Conductivity

C
Carrier To Noise Ratio

227, 238, 239


Central Wavelength

Chirped Fiber Grating

Core Mode

Core

Core

Chirped Gratings 162


Cladding Mode

3, 5, 13, 48, 49, 51, 52,

100, 103, 123, 147, 148, 194, 199,

Corning Glass Works


91

171

48-49, 51-54,

Coupler

72, 118, 122-130,

57, 59, 68, 71, 74, 75, 78-81, 85,

126, 127, 146, 147, 157, 200, 208,

354,

226, 256, 268, 271, 273, 288,

Cladding

3, 5, 25, 26, 39, 41,

42, 48, 107, 171, 174, 305, 348, 349,

Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion

178, 319, 320, 345,

Coupling

5, 8, 13, 25, 50, 54,

166, 171, 173, 185, 200, 208, 226,


230, 246, 256, 268, 271, 273, 275,
288, 305, 313-315, 318, 323, 324,

346

327, 339, 346

Composite Second Order Distortion

Cross Phase Modulation, XPM

Composite Triple Beat Distortion

241, 341

Crosstalk

7, 108, 109, 111, 114

Cross-Phase modulation

Composite

313-315, 323, 324, 327, 339, 346

72, 118, 121-130, 146-148, 157,

354

370

48

305, 309, 318, 325

10, 182-184, 341, 342

Cladding

56, 65, 66, 69, 71, 81, 83, 85, 93, 99,

110, 140,

Constructive

7, 108, 109, 111, 114

11, 102, 106, 109,

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110, 139, 250

82, 85, 102, 107, 109, 111, 113, 114,

Cutoff Wavelength

57,

58

150, 182, 220, 221, 223, 227, 234,


235, 237, 243-247, 259, 262

Decibels

42, 88

Depressed Cladding Fiber

7, 15, 39, 68, 221

Division Ratio

123-125,

157, 272, 273, 290

68

Dielectric Constant

12,

D-Shape Fiber

179

33
Diffraction Grating Monochromator

plexer, DSLAM

8, 123-126,

157, 203

68

101,

102
30, 31, 37, 51,

55, 56, 58, 69, 145, 195, 203, 207,

7, 15, 39, 68, 221

Electromagnetic Wave

4,

5, 29-31, 33, 37, 45, 48, 56, 195,

Dispersion Shift Fiber

Dispersion

336

Dispersion Flattened Fiber

355

Electric Field

123, 126, 127, 157


Directionality

165-167, 181-184, 186, 318, 319,

Elastic Scattering

268

Directional Couplers

Effective Refraction Index

13, 71, 79, 80, 143, 148, 157,

325

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multi-

Dispersion-Shifted Fiber

2, 4-7, 9-11, 13,

15, 39, 40, 50, 51, 54, 58-60, 64-74,

196, 207, 334, 339


Electro-Optical Switches

153, 155

Erbium-Doped

Fiber

Amplifier,

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371

EDFA

9, 83,

149, 194, 195, 199-202

9, 83, 149, 194, 195,

199-202
Etching

Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG

151, 176, 177, 344,

162-167, 169-173, 176, 177,


179-187, 208, 209, 214, 216, 246,

Excess Loss

124-127,

250, 318, 334-346, 352, 354


Fiber Bragg grating

157
Extinction Ratio

Extrinsic

Extrinsic

229, 230

302, 303, 342,


302, 342-343,

Eye Patterns

230-231, 237

13, 143, 162, 318, 335

Fiber Core

3, 5, 13, 48, 49,

51, 52, 56, 65, 66, 69, 71, 81,

Fabry-Perot Cavity

Fabry-Perot Filter -

142

Fiber Grating 10, 13, 15,


46, 82, 142, 143, 157, 162-167,

144

Fabry-Perot Pressure Sensor

Fiber Bndles

Fiber Grating Filter

167

Faraday Effect

147, 148, 194, 199, 305, 309,


318, 325

169-173, 176, 177, 179-187, 208,


209, 214, 216, 246, 250, 334-346,

341

Fiber Bragg Grating

132

123, 324

352, 354
Fiber Loop Resonator Filter

Fiber Loop

372

83, 85, 93, 99, 100, 103, 123,

356

343-346

10, 13, 15, 46, 82, 142, 143, 157,

354, 355

13, 143, 157, 162, 166, 169,

170, 180-186, 318, 335, 339, 340,

Erbium-Doped Optical Fiber

147, 148

147, 315

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Fiber Optic Sensor

Gaussian Apodized Gratings

303, 311
Fiber Raman Amplifiers

106, 194, 195, 201, 202

Fiber To The Home, FTTH

76, 256, 266-268, 270, 282,

Four Wave Mixing Efficiency

169

Graded Index Multimode Fiber

Graded-Index Fiber

Four Wave Mixing, FMW

40, 50, 51

3, 57, 59, 60

Graded-Index fiber, GRIN

108, 111, 112, 114

Glass Transition Temperature

112

Four Wave Mixing, FWM

3, 51, 59, 60, 180

Group Delay

237

Group Velocity Dispersion, GVD

Frequency Division Multiplexing

247, 295, 323, 327

113, 243, 244

11, 64-66,

70, 72, 110, 113, 237, 243, 244


Guided Mode

207

fundamental mode

Group Velocity

Full Width at Half Maximum, FWHM

207,

55

246

Fused Fiber Splitter

Gaussian Law

283

162

272

Harmonic Distortion

237, 240

G
Gain Flattening Filter

Hermite-Gaussian modes -

149, 150, 157, 158

207

High Birefrigence Fiber

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373

317

Interference

20, 29, 30,

Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers,

33-36, 45, 55, 104, 142, 146-148,

HC-PCF 13

151, 155, 162, 163, 181, 203, 204,

207, 211, 212, 242, 303, 311,

homogeneous broadening
198

313-315, 317, 326, 328, 335, 341,

Hybrid Fiber Coaxial, HFC

176,

344

12, 13,

Inter-Modulation Product

Intrinsic

78-81, 179, 180, 247, 337

inhomogeneous broadening

Kerr Effect

149, 150

Integrated Services Digital Network,


ISDN

118, 131, 314

102

Insertion Loss Error Function

118, 131,

Injection Lock Fabry-Perot Laser Di

302, 303, 342,

134-137, 157, 209, 314


Isolator

198

240

343, 356
Isolator

101

ode, ILF-PLD

5-6, 40, 50, 51, 59

Index Guiding Photonic Crystal Fiber,

Inelastic Scattering

142

Intermodal Dispersion

IG-PCF

344, 346, 347


Interferometric Optical Filter

Hydrofluoric Acid

374

Larger Effective Area Fiber, LEAF

Laser Diode

194,

207, 240

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Light Detector

Light Emitting Diode, LED

315, 327

Master oscillator power amplifier

213

50, 205

229

242, 243

Liquid Crystal Switches

220, 222, 225, 228, 250, 253,

270

171, 173, 176, 177, 179,

180, 185, 186, 335, 337, 338, 340,

25,

Metropolitan Area Network, MAN

Micro Mirror Switches

longitudinal mode

206, 209,

211, 212, 221

153-154

162, 173, 337

304, 305

325
Mode Field Diameter, MFD

57, 58, 85

Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition,


MCVD

Long-Period Gratings

Miniature Zone Plate

354

88
Modulus Of Elasticity

63, 98

M
Mach Zehnder Filter

Multi-Mode Fiber

5, 6,

40, 41, 49-51, 55, 57, 59, 64, 65, 72,

146, 147

Magnetic Field

51-53, 55

Microbends

Long Period Fiber Grating

31, 33, 56

153, 156

Local Area Network, LAN

Meridional Ray

Link Gain

Maxwell's Equations

Limiting Amplifier

29-31, 33,

51, 55, 56, 132, 207, 315, 335

76, 85, 118, 119, 122, 220, 226, 237,


259, 304

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375

4, 5, 9, 25, 53, 54, 59, 85

Nippon Telegraph And Telephone


Corporation, NTT

Optical

199-202, 242, 243


Nominal Wavelength

210

195,

118,

87,

210

107, 108

Non-Reciprocal Rotation

Nonzero Dispersion Shifted Fiber,

7,

88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 96

303, 311
Optical Field

31, 56, 58, 147,

288

68

Optical Filter

118, 122,

139-143, 149-151, 256, 327

344
Numerical Aperture, NA

Optical Fiber Sensor

132, 133

Normalized Frequency

153

Optical Fiber Preform

118,

122, 123, 125, 126, 226, 271, 314


Optical Cross Connect

Nonlinear Refractive Index Effects

118-121
Optical Coupler

nonlinear polarization rotation

131, 137, 138, 214, 288


Optical Connector

88, 100, 102, 113, 210

376

Optical Circulator

Nonlinear Optics

Multiplexer,

213-215

nonlinear optical loop mirror

NZDSF

Add-Drop

OADM

140

122,

130, 268, 271, 277

94

Noise Figure, NF

Ooptical Splitter

Optical Line Termination, OLT

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275

Optical Modulation Index

238

Optical Network Unit, ONU


268, 275, 285

303

7, 10, 31, 36, 55, 71,

82, 102, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114,


137, 142, 145-148, 151, 155, 163,

118

Optical Power Combiner


123

173, 183, 196, 203, 204, 211, 212,


236, 277, 288, 303, 304, 310-315,
317, 318, 328, 347

Optical Splitter

122,

130, 268, 271, 277


Optical Switch

Phased Array

Phase-Matching

152-156,

151

Optical Switch

323,

325

111,

318
Philips Company

160, 256

93

Photo Diode, PD 229,


235, 297

Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer

Outside

Phase

Optical Patchcord

Phase Or Interferometric Sensors

Vapor

Method, OVD

Deposition

Passive Optical Network, PON

Permeability

272, 275-278, 283, 294

12

Photonic Crystal Fiber

12-13, 78-81, 179, 180, 247,

337

Peak Wavelength

88, 89, 91, 94, 114

312

Photonic Band Gap, PBG

325

Phase

Photoelastic Effect

33

140

Photonic Crystal Fiber, PCF

12, 13, 78-81, 179, 180,

247, 337
Photosensitive Fiber

82

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377

Piezoelectric Phase Modulator

313

31, 55, 66, 165, 172, 305

Plank Constant

104

Plasma Activated Chemical Vapor

Pump generator LD

88, 89,

93, 114

342

303, 311

10, 11, 71

64, 69-71, 73, 74

69-74, 134, 200, 246, 253, 317

6, 8, 9, 17, 40, 54, 75-78

59, 164, 171, 205

63,

101, 102
Reflection

2, 3, 6, 12-14, 20,

21, 23-26, 29, 34-38, 41, 42, 45, 49,

153, 154, 157, 162, 166, 173, 183,


185, 205, 207, 209, 214-216, 283,

287, 288, 304, 308, 309, 314-320,


322, 325, 328, 329, 334, 339, 344,

80,

234-237

346, 349, 351, 354, 355


Reflective Electro-Absorption Modu-

Pressure Distribution Sensing System

20, 45, 51,

124, 128, 131, 134-139, 141-145,

Polymer Optical Fiber, POF

Power Penalty

105

51-53, 55, 64, 79, 82, 99, 120, 122,

177, 178

Polymethylmethacrylate, POF

Rayleigh Scattering

Polarization 8, 10, 11, 15, 64,

Polyimide

106, 194, 195, 201,

Raman Shift
Ray Optics

Polarization Mode Dispersion, PMD

378

Raman Fiber Amplifier, RFA

202

Polarization Maintaining Fiber, PMF

Poisson Ratio

194

Phase Deposition Method, PCVD

Polarimetric Sensors

Propagation Constant

lator, REAM

341

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Reflective

287

Semiconductor

Amplifier, RSOA

Refraction

S
Optical

283

Self Phase Modulation, SPM

108, 109, 113

semiconductor saturable absorbers


3, 6, 7, 10-13, 20,

22-25, 27, 29, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 45,

Sensitivity

210
162, 175, 199,

48-57, 59, 60, 63-66, 68-71, 74-76,

200, 229, 232, 233, 259, 281, 302,

78-82, 85, 89, 102, 103, 107-109,

303, 307, 310, 311, 314, 319, 334,

111, 113, 135, 137, 142, 143, 147,

339, 348

148, 157, 163-167, 172, 173,


179-184, 186, 235, 246, 259, 304,
308-312,

316-319,

348,

349,

352-356

54

162, 166

Shot Noise

233, 237,

Signal-To-Noise Ratio, SNR S/N

Relative Intensity Noise

238

Relative Index Difference

Short-Period Gratings

237, 239

Resonant Cavity

Single Mode Fiber

5,

39, 88, 235

35, 36,

Single-Mode Optical Fiber, SNF

93, 94, 138, 144, 145, 147, 148, 167,

204-209, 211, 235, 316, 339,

49-51, 56, 57, 62-64, 68, 71, 72, 81,

341-344, 349

82, 85, 118, 119, 195, 220, 246, 247,

Responsivity

230, 238,

243
RF Over Glass, RFOG

3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 39, 41, 43,

259, 268, 303


Single-polarization fiber

11

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379

Skew Ray

51, 52, 55

Small Form Factor Pluggables, SFFP

Smart Structure
Snell'S Law

14
22, 23,

Solid Fiber Preform


91, 96

10, 113

Spatial-Division Multiplexing

Stimulated Brillouin Scattering


101, 106, 131

stimulated emission

100, 104-106, 114,


201

65, 85,

Stimulated Scattering Effects

199
Spectrometer

321

Spectroscopic Sensors

304

346, 351

100, 104

Stokes Scattering

104, 114
Strain Gage

Spectrum 167, 169, 339,

Strain

346

14, 162, 167-169,

177-179, 302, 304, 310, 312, 313,

spontaneous emission

196, 285

319-321, 329, 337, 338, 340, 346,


348, 356

Spurious Free Dynamic Range, SFDR

242

Stress

12, 14, 48, 75, 98, 162,

305, 310, 312, 313, 319, 325


Subcarrier Modulation, SCM

127-128, 256
Step-Index Fiber

50, 51

Stimulated Raman Scattering, SRS

323, 324

380

196, 204, 205

Soliton

Star Couplers

Step-Index fiber, SI

27, 53

3, 40-41

Step-Index Single Mode Fiber

Spectral Width

Superstructure Gratings

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162

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, SDH

257, 258

257

Tapered

Thermal Noise

Transmission Medium

124, 126

2, 12,

340, 344, 345

20-23, 27, 29, 30, 33, 36, 37, 41, 48,

52, 55, 60, 83, 102, 104, 105, 132,

233, 237,

142, 144, 145, 164, 172, 194, 198,

238
Thermo-Optic Coefficient

199, 202, 204-209, 220, 228, 266,


267, 308, 309, 349

319, 320
Thermo-Optic Effect

Tunable Fiber Bragg Grating, TFBG

313
Thin Film Filter

142,

Two dimension

216
12, 55, 79,

81, 247, 257

290
three-energy level

197,

two-energy level

Two-polarization fiber

204
Threshold Value
Throughput Loss

124,

Time-Division Multiplexing
226, 247, 275, 276, 297, 323,

324-326

196, 204

11

106

126, 157

55, 64, 79, 99, 287, 308, 309

Total Internal Reflection 2,

Trans-Impedance Amplifier

T
Tap Loss

231

3, 12, 13, 23-26, 41, 42, 45, 49, 53,

Synchronous Optical Network, SONet

Timing Jitter

Vapor Phase Axial Deposition Method, VAD

88, 89, 94, 114


Variable Optical Attenuator

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381

122

Verdet Constant

327-329

132

29, 31, 33, 34,

Waveguide Grating Router

Wavelength
WDM

151, 257, 271


Division

Multiplexer,

7, 9, 68, 80,

129, 327

Wavelength Shift

169,

250, 338, 346


Wide Area Network, WAN

222, 253, 254

109, 113, 118, 127, 129, 149, 153,

382

Wavelength Selected Coupler

203, 204

151, 253

W
Wavefront

Wavelength Routers

220, 221, 226, 246-257, 268, 275,

Young's Modulus

277, 278, 283, 284, 289, 297, 323,

342

301

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., 2012.06

I S B N: 978-957-11-6683-4
1.
448.733

101008136

5DD8

Principle and application technology of optical fibers

106 339 4

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wunan@wunan.com.tw
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