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    BGP and the Internet
    BGP and the Internet
    BGP and the Internet
    Ebook179 pages1 hour

    BGP and the Internet

    By Dimitrios Voutsinas

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    About this ebook

    The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) connects our digital universe. BGP is a conduit for the Internet and without BGP the Internet would not exist as we know it. All the digital richness it provides, the human and machine interaction, the email, videos, news, social networking and e-commerce, all this and much more would not be possible without BGP. BGP is perhaps one of the most important Network Protocols.
    What is BGP? This eBook started out as a three-day BGP training course, and was developed during the late 1990s to early 2000s when the proliferation of the Internet started to gain momentum. There was a growing demand for individuals with network and BGP knowledge and experience and as a consequence, there was an increasing demand for educational material. The original training course has been adapted into an eBook. This eBook contains the culmination of 20 years network communications and Internet field experience as well as lecture and personal notes.
    BGP and the Internet, explores who needs BGP, why and when it is required. It covers a brief introduction and history of BGP and Routing, as well as the movement of packets through a network. How does information flow from source to destination? What different protocols exist to enable all this to happen? Moreover, how does the Internet operate, exist and function at the network level so transparently, for the benefit of individuals, poor and rich, as well as for governments and corporations of all sizes?
    And as part of 'The Basics' series, this book covers the basics from the ground up and explains BGP succinctly so that everyone can grasp the most basic concepts.
    This eBook can also be used as reference and covers some advanced BGP concepts, configuration, troubleshooting and monitoring.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDimitrios Voutsinas
    Release dateFeb 18, 2012
    ISBN9781465963901
    BGP and the Internet

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      Book preview

      BGP and the Internet - Dimitrios Voutsinas

      Routing Protocols

      Routing Protocol Introduction

      Routing occurs at the network layer of the OSI seven layer reference model. Routing involves path selection and the successful transmission of packets through an internetwork, using some form of addressing. Addressing is usually hierarchical and each hop (A hop in routing terms represents the distance between each successive node or router) within the path is assumed to be one step closer to the destination.

      IP routing is accomplished on a hop-by-hop basis. Usually no router knows the complete path to a destination but only to the next hop. Subsequent routers should have enough information to send the packet to the next hop towards the destination and so on, until finally the packet reaches the final destination.

      Routing involves path determination through either routing protocols or pre-configured manual routes set by a network administrator. These routes allow a router to determine the path and which outgoing interface to use.

      Packet Forwarding

      Routers are network layer devices that operate in layer three of the OSI reference model. Although routers are very sophisticated devices that really operate on a much larger spectrum of the OSI model. Routers actually are capable of operating across a much broader range within the OSI, specifically in layer two, three and four.

      A routers basic function is to switch a packet from an input interface to the correct output interface. Routers need to determine the path towards the destination and use either static or dynamic routing information to accomplish this. Routers maintain routing information both static and dynamically acquired and need to regularly update neighboring routers with their routing information. Routers need to support many different routed and routing protocols, including diverse and varied physical interfaces. They need to perform buffering and in some cases packet filtering of transport layer segments. Routers can also act as bridges, although they are generally used to contain broadcast domains, and isolate LANs.

      In summary, routers perform two basic functions - Routing (path determination) and Switching (moving packets from one interface to another as quickly as possible).

      Routing Types

      -Static or Dynamic

      -Link State or Distance Vector

      -Single Path or Multi-path

      -Centralised or Distributed

      -Flat or Hierarchical

      -Intra-domain or Inter-domain

      Dynamic Routing

      Dynamic Routing involves routing protocols which run in the network and determine paths towards destinations. They select paths based on various algorithmic metrics. The most important aspect of a routing protocol is that it provides consistent and accurate path determination. This requires the routing protocol to continuously determine the most optimal route from a source to a destination.

      The best routing protocols are those that have withstood the test of time and benefited from large-scale deployment. Because network routing protocols are responsible for the ultimate transportation of all data packets in a network, they must be very reliable, robust and stable. They must also be flexible enough for the network administrator to manipulate and change to specific network

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