Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease
    Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease
    Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease
    Ebook413 pages4 hours

    Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease

    By Michael R. D'Andrea

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    Consequences of Intracellular Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease addresses one of the more currently unresolved aspects confounding Alzheimer’s research, the significance of intraneuronal amyloid. It seeks to explain some of the unresolved questions concerning intracellular amyloid and its origin, entry, and toxicity.

    Following up on Dr. D’Andrea’s first book, Bursting Neurons and Fading Memories: An Alternative Hypothesis for the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease, this book further examines the Inside-Out or Bursting alternative hypothesis of how amyloid escapes the circulatory system to ultimately enter neurons, also examining whether there is a relationship between intracellular amyloid, amyloid plaques, and cognitive impairment. Through a comprehensive explanation of the currently relevant scientific research on intracellular amyloid compiled in this handy reference, readers will better understand the mechanisms that lead to neuron death.

    • Presents the latest research on the significance of intracellular amyloid as it relates to Alzheimer’s
    • Addresses crucial questions about intracellular amyloid, including how if forms and enters neurons, its toxicity, if it triggers cell death, and how amyloid plaques are formed
    • Examines the potential relationship between intracellular amyloid, plaques, and cognitive impairment in an effort to answer whether Alzheimer’s is initially a problem of amyloid, the neuron, or of the blood-brain barrier
    • Seeks to help researchers generate additional alternative therapeutic opportunities to cure Alzheimer’s
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAcademic Press
    Release dateFeb 21, 2016
    ISBN9780128043301
    Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease
    Author

    Michael R. D'Andrea

    Dr. D’Andrea has a PhD in Cell and Developmental Biology and an MS in Molecular Biology. He has authored over 100 scientific publications, including invited review papers on Alzheimer’s disease, and co-invented 11 patents. His technical expertise is in the areas of histopathology/neuropathology, immunohistochemistry, and image analysis. Since 1996, he was Team Leader and Principal Scientist of Target Validation Team at Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development. There he discovered and validated novel targets, biomarkers, and compounds to treat cancer, inflammatory diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease, and accepted numerous awards for these endeavors. Currently, he is president and histopathologist at Slidomics, LLC. He has presented is Alzheimer’s research at the following sponsored international, national and regional meetings: Society of Neuroscience; International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders; The Alzheimer’s Imaging Consortium; and International Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease & Related Disorders. In addition, he spoke at various meetings at the Annual Biological Staining Commission, The National Disease Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, and was invited to lead the AlzForum’s WebCast International discussion for the Alzheimer’s Disease Forum on the evidence that neuronal cell death in AD is due to an autoimmune mechanism. He was also invited to the Challenging Views Of Alzheimer’s Disease: Round II meeting to debate the inflammatory aspects of AD. In addition, he has reviewed international AD grants (Spain, Israel) and is on several scientific editorial boards. He was one of the first to publish the presence of intracellular A?42 in normal and AD neurons in 1999, first to hypothesize that plaques originate from neuronal lysis, first to report the presence of various plaques types in the AD brain, and first to provide morphological evidence of apoptotic neuronal death through an autoimmune mechanism in AD, suggesting that AD is an autoimmune disease. Most recently, he published a book entitled “Bursting Neurons and Fading Memories: An Alternative Hypothesis of the Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease”. Furthermore, Michael has animated the “Inside-Out” hypothesis that is available on YouTube. Currently, he continues to post discussions on the matter.

    Related to Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease

    Related ebooks

    Medical For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      With the Nobel Prizes Around the Corner, It’s Crystal Ball Time

      Sep 25, 2017

      The scientists who pioneered immunotherapy and other cancer advances are among the favorites for this year's Nobel Prizes, which will be announced the first week of October.

      4 min read

    • Article

      The Pursuit Of Happiness

      Feb 25, 2021

      The Pursuit Of Happiness
      13 min read

    • Article

      Opinion: Microglia: A New Target In The Brain For Depression, Alzheimer’s, And More?

      Jan 17, 2020

      When microglia go haywire, they destroy synapses and neural connections in the brain that affect mood and behavior. Calming them down could pay off for various disorders.

      5 min read

    • Article

      Alzheimer's False Trail

      Jan 22, 2023

      Ask the average person what they think causes Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and they’ll probably tell you it’s something to do with plaques in the brain, whatever those may be. You can’t blame them; although nobody really knows what causes the disease, a

      6 min read

    • Article

      Promise Of Deep Brain Stimulation

      Mar 1, 2024

      Promise Of Deep Brain Stimulation
      13 min read

    • Article

      Alzheimer's Researchers Are Looking Beyond Plaques And Tangles For New Treatments

      Aug 1, 2022

      An atlas showing how Alzheimer's changes individual brain cells could help researchers find new treatments for the disease.

      3 min read

    • Article

      False starts

      Dec 11, 2020

      False starts
      14 min read

    • Article

      False Starts

      Dec 11, 2020

      False Starts
      14 min read

    • Article

      Don’t Fret, Neurotics – There Are Advantages To Worrying

      Jul 16, 2023

      I cannot remember a time when some large worry has not cast a shadow over my day. As a young child, I would lie awake fearing everything from the impending embarrassment of gym class, to the death of my parents, to the prospect of a nuclear holocaust

      6 min read

    • Article

      Beyond Crack 'N' Crunch

      Nov 26, 2023

      Beyond Crack 'N' Crunch
      8 min read

    • Article

      Student Edition

      Sep 30, 2017

      WITH EMMA LAW RANCE HOMETOWN: Adelaide CURRENTLY LIVING: Oxford RESEARCH: Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience “The first project for my PhD explored how we make decisions when we are missing information, and how this uncertainty influences our c

      8 min read

    • Article

      Brain Waves

      Feb 24, 2023

      As Davangere Dev–anand, a neurologist at Columbia University Medical Center, combed through the reams of scientific data on Alzheimer’s, he stumbled across a surprising idea – could an infection be involved in driving the disease? “I was looking for

      4 min read

    • Article

      With Mini-placentas And Mini-brains, Scientists Try To Unravel The Roots Of Psychiatric Disorders

      Jul 31, 2019

      The experiments could fill in a huge blank in understanding how stress during pregnancy increases the chances that the child will develop schizophrenia.

      5 min read

    • Article

      Opinion: After Amyloid Failures, It’s Time To Take A New Tack For Treating Alzheimer’s

      Apr 30, 2019

      The amyloid cabal and groupthink kept other ideas for #Alzheimers treatments from being developed. Now that the insanity of that approach is behind us, it's time to make real progress…

      5 min read

    • Article

      Opinion: Armchair Philosophizing Doesn’t Help Conscious Patients In Vegetative States

      Feb 10, 2020

      By using their imaginations, some patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome can show that they are still conscious. But we must do more than just imagine what their lives are like.

      4 min read

    • Article

      NEW HOPE for ALZHEIMER’S

      Oct 13, 2023

      NEW HOPE for ALZHEIMER’S
      16 min read

    • Article

      Outer Limits

      May 23, 2021

      Outer Limits
      4 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease - Michael R. D'Andrea

      2011;224(2):147–152.

      Chapter 1

      Amyloid Basis of Alzheimer’s Disease

      Abstract

      Before delving into the biological properties of amyloid, the focus of this chapter is to provide a brief background of the origin of amyloid and plaques as they relate to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Not only is it important to understand the historical association of amyloid and AD, but it is also informative to understand how amyloid is produced, processed, and detected in cells, which is the basis of the data presented in this book.

      Keywords

      Alois Alzheimer; Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid cascade hypothesis; Down syndrome; Emil Redlich; fixation; formic acid; Oskar Fischer; plaques

      Outline

      Historical Background of Amyloid and Plaques 1

      Amyloid Generation and Processing 3

      Aβ States 5

      Detecting Intraneuronal Amyloid 7

      APP/Aβ-Related Antibodies 9

      Fixation and Pretreatment Factors 10

      Summary 12

      References 12

      Historical Background of Amyloid and Plaques

      Amyloid is a somewhat infamous insoluble, fibrous protein; infamous because amyloid deposits are responsible for tissue damage in a fair number of genetic and inflammatory diseases and disorders.¹ Of course in modern times, amyloid has become most commonly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD): as of November 2015, a Google search for amyloid and Alzheimer’s gets almost 11 million hits.

      Before the relationship between amyloid and Alzheimer’s was discovered, there were accounts of the plaques in the brain that became associated with dementia. Early descriptions of nerve cell degeneration in senile dementia were described as nodules of glial sclerosis, or round heaps of nerve cell degeneration.² Subsequently in 1898, Emil Redlich named miliary sclerosis as plaques in two cases of senile dementia.³ He also described plaques of different sizes and forms like the smaller cotton-wool type suggesting they represented a modified glial cell.

      Several years later in 1907, extracellular deposits (also known as senile or neuritic plaques) were described as miliary foci of dystrophic neuronal processes surrounding a special substance in the cortex by Alois Alzheimer in the autopsied brain of a 51-year-old patient, who presented a very unusual clinical picture with loss of short-term memory and odd behavioral symptoms.⁴–⁷ However, it would not be until the application of the Congo red stain that this special substance would be identified as amyloid creating an association between amyloid, dementia, and senile plaques.⁴,⁵ Using a silver staining method, Alzheimer also identified the presence of neurofibrillary deposits in sections of her autopsied brain tissues; these were subsequently determined to be composed of aggregates of the abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein.⁴,⁸

      At the same time in 1907, Oskar Fischer provided the first illustrations of the neuritic plaques that captured many of the features reported today (Fig. 1.1).⁹ Fischer studied a total of 275 brains from cases of psychosis, neurosyphilis, and controls of various ages, with 110 being over 50 years old at the time of death. He observed plaques in 56 cases, all of whom were >50 years of age.³ Alzheimer and Fischer disagreed on the origin of tangles: Alzheimer believed tangles consisted of chemically modified neurofibrils, while Fischer thought that they represented fibril proliferation de novo, and that the material was unrelated to neurofibrils.³ However, the origin of the plaque remains a matter of debate (see Chapter 5).

      Figure 1.1 Drawings of three neuritic plaques from the brains of patients with senile dementia. Compiled from the illustrations of Fischer’s 1907 paper. Note the abnormal, club-shaped neurites and the displacement of normal-looking fibrils in the space occupied by the plaques. Source: Used with permission from Brain 2009;132:1102–11.

      Despite these discoveries of plaques in the demented brain, it took additional effort to recognize amyloid as the component of these deposits. Amyloid itself was first discovered over 150 years ago through an iodine-sulfuric acid test that demonstrated the transformation of plant material to starch.⁴,¹⁰ This starch-like material was for the first time, referred to as amyloid, from the Latin word for starch,

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1