Defining Enterprise: A Systems View of Capability Management
By Marc Gewertz
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About this ebook
Next generation practices include systems engineering and technology-based program management practices to understand, produce, communicate and apply this view productively and in an efficient and effective manner.
Through the lens of a systems perspective of an enterprise in a start-up environment, the basic and fundamental needs, capabilities and elements of an enterprise are differentiated and defined, including the roles and responsibilities for architecting and managing each capability.
""Defining Enterprise" is not the typical enterprise architecture book helping a programmer find their way up the management ladder. Rather, "Defining Enterprise" lays out practical strategies and tactics for architecting for management purposes -- that is, designing -- the business from the perspective of capabilities and intended outcomes. This book should be on the shelf of every executive, manager and architect."- Richard Soley, Ph.D., Chairman & CEO Object Management Group (OMG)
"Marc has chosen a different approach to describing EA, describing management mechanisms and roles as a means to understand how the actions described in an architecture work to create success. Marc also provides a rationale for team contributions to this same overall success. Using his approach, it is much easier to see the various roles and how they contribute in an integrated, holistic way to creating and maintaining capabilities." - John Tieso, CIO, CTO, Author, Lecturer
"A foundational piece of work that allows any organization to be described in a coherent and consistent manner. What's more, the relationships between these "building blocks" of the enterprise are clearly defined, allowing these interactions and dependencies to be easily seen and understood. This is fundamentally important for architects and executives, to allow them to navigate this normally hidden complexity." - Darryl Carr, Editor of the Enterprise Architecture Professional Journal
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Defining Enterprise - Marc Gewertz
2016
Preface
In today’s world organizations utilize information technology (IT) to enhance business capabilities. Designing, developing and operating technology systems and services has transformed into designing, developing and operating technology enabled business capabilities. Systems engineering (SE) is a field of expertise virtually needed by all businesses, used to integrate business capabilities with technology capabilities, commonly utilizing enterprise architecture (EA) practices and methods as it’s medium.
There is very little margin for error in today’s world. The bigger and more complex the IT enabled business projects become, the more errors multiply, and the greater the need to employ a combination of systems engineering management and EA practices, not just to meet cost, schedule and performance commitments, but also to provide quality, value and satisfaction in successful projects.
Activities need to be fast, precise and adaptable, driving the need for a systematic way to analyze, plan, manage and control the activities of the enterprise as a whole, in order to eliminate waste and defects, and decrease schedule time. Business transformation projects require proper SE-based and technology-based project management practices and can no longer rely on business-based and IT-based practices alone.
Business operations as well are becoming increasingly technical, social and cultural, complex and in need of being agile and adaptable. In an operating environment with a rapidly and constantly changing mixture of interconnected people, process, information and technology, in the business and in the marketplace, business transformation projects now routinely span all business operations. These projects require a holistic and integrated approach, well beyond the span and depth of traditional business architecture and IT architecture practices.
Many EA practices are primarily capability-based views emanating from inside the enterprise and looking outward to determine the abilities needed to provide customers with desired capabilities needed. This view is ‘capability-centric’ supporting ‘doing’ from the bottom up but does not fully support ‘thinking’ from the top down.
Designing, developing and operating technology-based business systems and services without understanding the needs of the business, customers, users, workers, managers and all other stakeholders results in ineffective efforts and creates waste. Conversely, ‘needs-centric’ views of the enterprise enable and facilitate this understanding.
We are in the cusp of entering the next generation of enterprise architecture practice where representation of the enterprise as-a-whole from the top-down is a necessity for successful EA efforts. Furthermore, there are new physical viewpoints needed to support this holistic perspective.
Holistic enterprise practices require external views of the enterprise on which to define and construct capabilities as well as internal views to identify abilities needed. Integration of these views, as presented later in this volume, enables a balanced and aligned view to address socio-technical abilities, adaptive human behavior and socio-cultural forces.
The combination of rapidly changing technology needs and socio-cultural forces on the socio-technical enterprise are driving a need for a philosophical view of an enterprise in the market environment, where analysis, planning and definition of needed capabilities is aligned to and balanced with abilities provided by the enterprise to satisfy the need.
Problem
The customers and stakeholders in the application of EA practices think EA is Broken
; it does not deliver or have the ability or value advertised. But it is not enterprise architecture practices which are broken; rather it is the application of EA by the practitioners of EA that is more often deficient, causing often disastrous