A Study Guide for Nazim Hikmet's "The Cucumber"
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A Study Guide for Nazim Hikmet's "The Cucumber" - Gale
12
The Cucumber
Nazim Hikmet
1960
Introduction
The Cucumber
by the Turkish communist poet Nazim Hikmet is one of the most commonly anthologized works in collections of world poetry. It was written in 1960 while the poet was in exile in the Soviet Union. Its beauty and seeming simplicity in its praise of the beauty and hope contained in a simple wonder of nature like a cucumber accounts for its popularity. However, this attractive glistening surface is only a cover for a much brighter light that comes from the poem's allegorical or hidden meaning, as an expression of Communist ideology and Marx's dialectical reading of history. Mirroring Marx's removal of the mythological foundation of Hegel's philosophy to produce his theory of dialectical materialism (which maintains that while economies grow to their best efficiency they are also setting up conditions that lead to its decay), Hikmet grafts diverse sources in Russian folklore and ancient religion onto a Marxist interpretation of history to create a new allegorical myth.
Hikmet is one of the least-known great world poets of the twentieth century in the West, both because of the relative obscurity of Turkish culture and because of the political difficulties connected to his outspoken embrace of communism during the Cold War, but the shining green gem of The Cucumber
will richly repay whoever plucks it from the vine. Hikmet shows himself a master of the modern lyric form (which he introduced into Turkey), as well as of the difficult subject of Marxist philosophy and a breathtaking command of literary sources. Hikmet won an International Peace Prize, the ersatz Soviet propaganda copy of the Nobel Prize. It is widely thought that he would almost certainly have won an actual Nobel Prize for literature had he not died at the relatively young age of