A Study Guide for Maxine Kumin's "400-Meter Freestyle"
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A Study Guide for Maxine Kumin's "400-Meter Freestyle" - Gale
11
400-Meter Freestyle
Maxine Kumin
1961
Introduction
Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Maxine Kumin's poem 400-Meter Freestyle
closely follows the movements of an accomplished swimmer competing in a swim meet. The poem is very visual, an effect achieved not only through Kumin's poetic verbal expressions but also through the layout of the words on the page.
As readers imagine the scene that Kumin's poem creates, they also see the unusual pattern of the words: at the end of a line, the words represent a quick turn by flowing down the edge of the page. The lines of words mimic the physical route of the swimmer, who is first moving down the lanes of the pool and then quickly turning underwater at each end of the pool. The combination of Kumin's carefully chosen, descriptive words and the clever placement of those words on the page creates a strong impression for the reader. It is easy to imagine oneself in the grandstand, watching this race, from the sound of the starter gun to the final tally of the clock.
400-Meter Freestyle
was first published in 1961 in Kumin's first published collection, Halfway. The poem has since been republished in her highly praised 1997 collection of new and old poems, Selected Poems, 1960–1990. This particular poem is often used in classrooms as a good example of concrete poetry.
Author Biography
Kumin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 6, 1925, the youngest of four children born to Peter and Doll Winokur. She attended Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she studied literature and history and graduated with a master's degree in 1948. Although she had been exposed to literature in college, her interest in poetry was sparked later while attending a workshop taught by John Holmes. It was in this adult-education class that Kumin not only began to write but also met the poet Anne Sexton, who would become a collaborator and a lifelong friend.
In 1961, Kumin published her first poetry collection, Halfway, which contains 400-Meter Freestyle.
This decade proved fruitful for