A Study Guide (New Edition) for Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein"
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A Study Guide (New Edition) for Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" - Gale
18
Frankenstein
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
1818
Introduction
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) is Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's first and most famous work and one of the best-known stories in the English-speaking world, especially because of its often not very faithful film adaptations. In one sense, it is the father of the science fiction novel, because it considers what might happen if advancing medical science were able to resurrect the dead. Frankenstein is also a quintessential work of the romantic movement, showing the dialectic between imagination and reason, between the past and the future, and between life and death.
Author Biography
Shelley, née Godwin, was born in London on August 30, 1797. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, died ten days later of complications from the birth. Mary Wollstonecraft had been one of the first recognizable feminists in history and was the author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), which called for full equality between the sexes. Shelley's father, William Godwin, was an equally notable intellectual as a journalist and a novelist and was involved in radical politics. He educated his daughter no differently that he would have a son, closely supervising classical, philosophical studies. Mary was also exposed to a wide range of intellectuals in her father's circle, ranging from the romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge to the scientist Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles Darwin, in whose work she would find inspiration for her most famous creation.
By 1814, the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley had become part of Godwin's circle. Expecting a large inheritance from his aristocratic family, Shelley promised to clear up Godwin's massive debt from a failed publishing house for children's books. It quickly became clear that this would not come in time to help Godwin, who turned on the young poet, himself a political radical and atheist. Percy Shelley soon ran off to France and Switzerland with two of Godwin's daughters, Mary and her half-sister, Claire. Percy intended to wed Mary but could not because of the difficulty of divorce from his estranged wife, Harriet. Percy carried on affairs with both sisters, which Mary did not object to, following her mother's doctrine of free love. This, however, enraged Godwin, who refused to see any of them when they returned to London.
Mary had been a prodigious writer even as a child, but her father destroyed a mass of her juvenilia at this time. Mary's illegitimate child by Shelley died shortly after birth (as would two of her other children). (Claire would also bear one of his children.) In 1816, Percy Shelley, along with Mary and Claire, returned to Switzerland, where they spent the summer with the more prominent poet George Gordon, Lord Byron (who fathered a daughter with Claire at this time). During this visit, Mary wrote Frankenstein, by far her most famous work and the most important novel of