ΝΕΟ ΦΥΛΛΑΔΙΟ ΑΛΓΕΒΡΑΣ Β' ΛΥΚΕΊΟΥ

1

: ( ) :
+y=, ,,
,y
y .
: ,
,
.
+y=;
+y=
, :
0 y=-
= -
=0
+ ,
0 y=
=0.
E:
www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com
0 =0 =

: y:
+y=
'+'y='
.
(,y)
.
22;
22
:
,
.
, .
( ),
().
E:
A
1. :
.:
2x+y=-4
x+3y=3
2x+y=-4
2x+y=-4
2(3-3y)+y=-4
-6y+6+y=-4
-5y=-10
x+3y=3
x=3-3y
x=3-3y
x=3-3y
x=3-3y
y=2
y=2
y=2
x=3-3y
x=3-3 2
x=-3
(,y)=(-3,2).
2. :

,
.
, .
2x-3y=16
3x+4y=-10
2x-3y=16
3x+4y=-10
6x-9y=48
( 2) -6x-8y=20
E:
, :
-17y=68
y=-4.
A y=-4 2-3y=16 =2.

(,y)=(2,-4).

, .
.
x-2y=1
4x-8y=4
x-2y=1
4x-8y=4
( 4) -4x+8y=-4
1
4x-8y=4
, :
0+0y=0 .
: , =2y+1
y=k =2+1.
(,y)=(2+1,) ,R .
, :
, ,
y y,
E:

: :

(2 ) :

=-
+y=
'+'y='
, D Dx Dy .
D :
D=
' '
=-
D .
D D ,
.
Dx=
' '
=-
Dy D ,
y .
Dy=
' '
=-
0, () :
Dy
D
x= x =
D
D
E:
D=0 D
0 Dy
0, () .
D=0 D =0 Dy =0, ()

(====0),
(
0). () .
: ()
.
. ():
)
x+y=2
x-2y=-1
2x+y=3
4x+2y=-1
2x+y=3
-6x-3y=-9
) D=
1 (-2)-1 1=-3
1 -2
2 1
Dx =
-1 -2
1 2
Dy =
1 -1
2 (-2)-(-1) 1=-3
1 (-1)-1 2=-3
Dy -3
D
-3
= =1
: x= x = =1 ka y=
D -3
D -3
) D=
2 1
2 2-4 1=0
4 2
3 1
Dx =
-1 2
3 2-(-1) 1=7
0.
() .
) D=
-6 -3
2 ( 3)-(-6) 1=0
3 1
Dx =
-9 -3
3 (-3)-(-9) 1=0
2 3
Dy =
-6 -9
2 (-9)-(-6) 3=0 .
E:
() ,
:
2x+y=3
y=3-2x. E (,y)=(k,3-2k) keR.

, .
, :
D.Dx Dy ( )
.
: D=0.
D
Dy
D
x= x =
.
D
D
D =0 ,
0 ,
.,
() .
. ()
(+2)-y=
3+(-2)y=1
D=
+2
-1
-2
2
2
=(+2)(-2)-3 (-1)= -4+3= -1=(-1)(+1)
-1
2
2
2
D =
=(-2)-1 (-1)= -2+1= -1=(-1)
1 -2
+2
Dy =
=1(+2)-3=-2+2=-2(-1) .
3 1
(-1)(+1)
0
1 -1
(-1)2
-1
-2(-1)
-2
x=
=
=
.
(+1)(-1) +1
(+1)(-1)
(+1)
=1 : D=Dx=Dy=0
: 3-y=1
A =1 D=0 Dx=4
y=3x-1. A (,y)=(,3-1) R.
0
E:
ax+y+=
33 :
a'x+'y+'='
a''x+''y+''=''
33 ,
, .
22

.
2x-4y+=5
. () -3x+5y-3=-2
5x+2y+4=-4
:
3 6-12y+3=15
2 -6x+10y-6=-4
2-4y+=5
-3x+5y-3=-2
-2y-3=11
:
2x-4y+=5
10x-20y+5=25
5x+2y+4=-4
(-2)
-10x-4y-8=8
-8y-=11.
()
-2y-3=11
-8y-=11
( 4) 8y+12=-44
1
-8y-=11
: 11=-33
=-3 y=-1 2-4y+=5 2+4-3=5
2=4
=-3 y=-1.
=2.
() (,y,)=(2,-1,-3) .
E:
:
.
(0,0,0)
.
-3x+2y-4=0
. ()
2-y+3=0
-3+4y-2=0
:
-3x+2y-4=0
2-y+3=0
2 -6x+4y-8=0
:
3 6-3y+9=0
y+=0 ()
:
-3x+2y-4=0
-3+4y-2=0
-3x+2y-4=0

(-1) 3-4y+2=0
:
-2y-2=0 ()
(),() :
y+=0
2 2y+2=0
-2y-2=0
1 -2y-2=0
0y+0=0.
() :
y+=0
y=- 2-y+3=0
2++3=0
2=-4
=-2.
: (,y,)=(-2,-,) R.
E:
10
2
, () .

.
.
-+y=-3
y=x-3
y=x-3
y=x-3
y=x-3
x2 +2y2 =9
x2 +2y2 =9
x2 +2(x-3)2 =9
x2 +2x2 -12x+18=9
3x2 -12x+9=0
y=x-3
x=1 x=3
y=-2 ka
y=0 ka
x =1
x=3
,
() .
.
-22 +5y2 =1
x2 -2y2 =2
-2a+5=1
-2=2
=1
=2+2
2= y2= :
-2a+5=1
=2+2
-2(2+2)+5=1
=2+2
-4-4+5=1
=2+2
=1
.
=4
: x2=4
2
y =1
x=
y=
() : (2,1) (2,-1) (-2,1) (-2,-1).
: .
E:
11

1. :
2y 6
y3
y2
2 2y 9
2y 4
2 4y 8
y 2x 4
yx 2
2. :
7 2y 24
4x y 15
5 4 9
10 7 18
7 19
2 3 19
4 9 9
3 6
7 14
4 14 28
3y 4
2x y 8
3.:
3 2 1 21
5 0
2 3 1 0
5 2 4
2 3 2 1
3 7 4
x 1
3 1 y
)
x 3 1 2 y
4
x y
3 2 4
)
y x 5
x5 6 y
2 4 2
)
x 1 5y 2 3
4
6
4. :
3 4
x y 5
)
2 6 1
x y
1 3
x y 1
)
2 9 1
x y
( y 2 x)( x y ) 0
( x y 6)(2 x y) 0
E:
( x 1)2 y 2 x 2 ( y 2)2 1
x 6y 2
(2 x y 6)( x 2 y 3) 0
x 2y 2
12
5. :
5 2
7 3
2 4
3 6
2 5
4 9
6 4
7 5
6. :
1
=0
x
x2 4 x 2
x2
x2
x2
1 2x
x2
=0
x2
2x 2
4 2x
x2
=0
=0
7. :
2 2 y 4
y 1
y 1
( 2) y 2
2 3 y 6
y 3
2 y 1
( 1) y 1
)
6 x ( 1) y 1
4 x ( y 1)
y 1
( y 1)
v)
1 ( y) 0
( 1)( 1) 2 y
x (1 y ) 0
x y 1 2
7. :
y2
2x 2y
) .
)
9. :
1 y 2 1
2 2 1 y 5
N : ) ) .
10. :
1 8y 4
3 y 3 1
, :
1 1 y 2
2
2 y
E:
13
2
x 2 y 1
3
x 1 y
1 y 1
11. :
y 1
N .
2 3y 11
5y 7
12. :
)N (
) : x0
y0
, y0 )
11
.
13
1 1 y 3
1 (y 1) 0
13. :
(
, y0 ) = x0
y0
14. ,y :
DX
DY
D DX
DY
3D . ,
.
15. ,y :
3) DX
1) DY . ,
(,y)=(-2,-4).
16. ,y :
D2
D2 X
D2Y
4D
2DX
5 . .
17. ,y :
( 1)2010 D2 x
D2Y
4( DX
1) . .
18. ,y :
D2
D2 X
5 2( D 2DX ) D2Y
DX DY
E:
0 . .
14
19.Na :
x+y=1
2
x+2y=-1
2x +y =6
x-3y=2
x -4y =5
x -5y =-4
20. Na :
2
2
x -3y =1
2
2 2
-4x +y =5
x +y =5
2x -y =-7
2
2
2x +5y =-3
2x -y =-7
21. Na :
)
x-y=3
xy=-2
2x-y=4
xy=6
(y-2x)(x+y)=0
x-2y=3
22. D, Dx Dy
y :
D Dx 2
Dx Dy -2
Dy D -8
(x,y) .
23. f(x)=ax2+x+, ,, R,
(1,-5)
2 f(-3)-f(0)=3.Na ,,.
24. D , Dx Dy
x , y :
D2 + Dx2 + Dy2 = 2D 6Dx +10Dy 35
) : ( Dx + 3 )2 + ( Dy 5 )2 + ( D 1 )2 = 0
) ; .
) ( x0 , y0 )
= x02 + y02
) 20
) 34
) 28
) 43
E:
15
25. Na :
x+y+z=1
) 2x+y-z=6
x-y+2z=-5
x + 2y + z = 0
) 2x + 3y + 2z = 0
3x + 4y + 3z = 0
E:
x + y = 2
) y + z = 5
z + x = 7
16
:
()
.
,:
y f(x) f .
, y .
=f(A) .
:
f:
f(x)

f:
, :
A
A
( ),
f(x) ( ).
E:
17
:f()=+-1-1+......+1+0

, =
: f(x)=
P(x)
Q(x)
() Q(x) ,
/ Q(x)
={
0}
: f(x)= A(x) ,
A= x
/A(x) 0
: f(x)=
:
A= x
1
A(x)
/A(x)>0
:
,
,
.
: :
) f(x)=
x-5
1
3-x-2
) f(x)= 2x-6+x-1 ) f(x)=
) f(x)= x+22
x-3
2x+8
x +2x-3
) 2+2-3
=
-3.
-{-3,1}
) 2-60
[3,+
26
) 3-0
3 2+8>0
2>-8
>-4
-4<3.
=(-4,3].
E:
18
) +20
-2 -3
3.
=[-2,3)
(3,+
).

().:
f(x)=
3x-2,
a 1
-x2 +2x+8,
<1
,
,:
=(-
,1]
(1,+
)=
-
: yy
y,
, .
yy .
(,) ,
.
yy xy
.
E:
19
y=0,
(,0).
yy =0,
(0,y).
(x,y) ,:
y=0
yy =0.

(0,0)
4 ,
:
(,y) :
1 , ,y>0.
2 , <0 y>0.
3 , ,y<0.
4 , >0 y<0.
E:
20

(,) ,:
(-,) yy.
(,-) .
(-,-) (0,0).
(,)
y=x.
A
(1,y1) (2,y2) , (
) :
= (x2 -x1 )2 +(y2 -y1 )2

: f A
y, (,f(x)),
f.
H f Cf.
: (,) f
, : f()=
;
f
f(x). f
. (
) f .
. (
).
E:
21
:
y=f(x) y=0 f(x)=0
( ) .
yy:
y=f(x) =0. y=f(0)
.
: 0 ,
yy.
:
Cf , yy
( ).
Cf f(x)>0 k f(x)<0.
. ) f(x)=2x-4.
)
:
)
: f(x)=0
2x-4=0
2x=4
x=2.A (2,0).
yy: =0 f(0)=-4.A
yy B(0,-4).
) Cf f(x)>0
E:
2x-4>0
2x>4
x>2.
22
Cf f(x)<0
2x-4<0
2x<4
x<2.
f (2,+
(-,
2).

f,g Cf,Cg ,:
f(x)=g(x), Cf,Cg .
f(x)>g(x), Cf Cg.
f(x)<g(x), Cg Cf.
.
f(x)=x2+8x-12
g(x)=-x2+2x+8.
f(x)=g(x)
x2+8x-12=-x2+2x+8
2x2+6x-20
x=2 =-5 .
=2 f(2)=8 =-5 f(-5)=-27
(2,8)
(-5,-27).
E:
23
-

f,:
f(x)=(x)+c, c>0,
c .( 1)
f(x)=(x)-c, c>0,
c .( 2)
( 1)
( 2)

f,:
f(x)=(x-c), c>0,
c .( 3)
f(x)=(x+c), c>0,
c .( 4)
( 3)
E:
24
( 4)
:
f, :
f(x)=(x+c)+d, c,d>0
c
d .
f(x)=(x+c)-d, c,d>0
c
d .
f(x)=(x-c)+d, c,d>0
c
d .
f(x)=(x-c)-d, c,d>0
c
d .

:
1. f
, 1,2 :
1<2, f(1)<f(2)
f ,
( ), .
( 1)
E:
25
2. f
, 1,2 :
1<2, f(1)>f(2)
f ,
( ), .
( 2)
( 1)
( 2)
3.
.
1,2 1<2
f(1),f(2) ( ).
f(1)-f(2)
1,2 1<2
f(1)-f(2).
f(1)-f(2)>0,
f(1)-f(2)<0, ( ).

1,2 1
=
f(x1 )-f(x2 )
.
x1 -x2
>0, f .
<0, f . ( )
E:
26
: :
)f(x)=x2+4x-5 (-2,+
) f(x)=2- x-5
) f(x)=
3x+1
( x-2
,2).
) f. 5-0
=(-
,5]
1,2( <
1 2
- >-
1 2
,5] 1<2 f(1)-f(2).
5- >5-
1
2
5- > 5-
1
2
- 5- <- 5-
1
2
f(1 )<f(2 ) f =(-
) 1,2(- 2,+
2- 5- <2- 5-
1
2
,5].
) 1<2
f(1)-f(2):
f(1)-f(2)=12+4x1-5 -( 22+4x2-5 )= 12- 22+4x1-4x2=( 1-2)( 1+2)+4(1-2)=
( 1-2)( 1+2+4). :
1<2
1-2<0(1)
1,2(- 2,+
) 1>-2 2>-2 1+2>-4
1+2+4>0(2)
(1),(2)
( 1-2)( 1+2+4)<0
f(1)-f(2)<0
f (-2,+
) 1,2( -
f(1)<f(2).
).
,2) 1
f(x1 )-f(x2 )
=
x1 -x2
3x +1 3x +1
1 - 2
(3x1 +1)(x2 -2)-(3x2 +1)(x1 -2)
x -2 x -2
(x1 -2)(x2 -2)
1
2
=
=
x 1 -x2
x -x
1 2
7x2 -7x1
-7(x 1 -x2 )
3x1x2 -6x1 +x2 -2-3x1 x2 +6x2 -x1 +2
=
=
=
(x1 -2)(x2 -2)(x 1 -x2 ) (x1 -2)(x2 -2)(x 1 -x2 )
(x1 -2)(x2 -2)(x1 -x2 )
-7
. 1<2
(x1 -2)(x2 -2)
1-2<0
2<2
E:
2-2<0 (1-2)( 2-2) >0.
27
<0 f (
-,2).
:
1 2,
1 2 .
:
f 1 2,
1 2.
f 1 2,
1 2.
(,) (,) ,
(,)
(,) :
1(,) 2(,) f(x1)<f(x2).
A
:
1. f 0,
f(x)f(x0) 0
f(x0) f.
2. f 0,
f(x)f(x0) 0
f(x0) f.
E:
28

, :
f(x)M f(x) .
f(x)=M f(x)= ,
.
. f(x)=
2x
-1
2
x +1
1.
H f =
:
f(x)
2x
2
x +1
-1
2x
+1
2
x +1
-1
2
2x+x +1
2
x +1
2
(x+1)
2
x +1
E f (x )
2x
2
x +1
2x
2
x +1
2
2x-x -1
2
x +1
2
-(x-1)
2
x +1

:
f(x)=-1
2x
=-1
2
x +1
f (x )=1
2x
=1
2
x +1
2x
+1=0
2
x +1
2x
2
x +1
1=0
2
2x+x +1
=0
2
x +1
2
2x-x -1
=0
2
x +1
E:
2
(x+1)
=0
2
x +1
2
(x+1) =0
x=-1
2
-(x-1)
=0
2
x +1
2
-(x-1) =0
x=1
29
f =-1 -1 =1
1.

:
1) f ,:
f(-x)=f(x) .
2) f ,:
f(-x)=f(x) .
,
0. :
(-,)
[-,]
(-
,-) (,+
(-
,-] [,+
(-,-)
(,)
[-,-]
[,]
a ,a
,
yy.
,
.
E:
30
;
,
:
0,
.
f(-x),
:
f(-x)=f(x), f ,
f(-x)=-f(x), f .
f(-x)
f(x) f(-x)
-f(x) .
: ,
) -
f(-x)
) f(-x)
f(x)
-f(x).
, .
E:
31

1.
:
f(x)=|x|
, g(x)=|x|+2
, h(x)=|x|-2
2.
:
f(x)=|x|
, g(x)=|x-2|
, h(x)=|x+2|
3.
:
a)f(x)=|x| g(x)=|x+2|+1
)f(x)=|x| g(x)=|x-1|-2.
4. :
) f ( x) x3 5x ) f ( x) 2 x x ) f ( x) 12 3x 4 x ) f ( x) 4 x 3
5. f
i)f(x-4) f(3x) ii)f(|x|) f(2).

6. f
)f(|-2|) f(4) )f(|2-3|) f(5).

7. :
2
) f ( x) 3x 2
f ( x) 5 2( x 1)
2
) f ( x) 1 x ) f ( x) 2 x 4 6
2
) f ( x) 3( x 5) 11
8. f(x)=
2
4x -4x+5
2
. f
2
3
4x +3
2.
E:
32
9. :
2
) f ( x) x 4 2 x 2 ) f ( x) x3 3x ) f ( x) 5 x 4 x ) f ( x) x x
) f ( x)
) f ( x)
x2 x
) f ( x) x 3 x 3
x3 9 x
x2 4
2x 4 x 1
) f ( x)
) f ( x) x 2 4 x 2 x 2 4 x 4
x 3 x 3
10. f :
f ( y x) f ( y) f ( x) x, y
) f(0) ) .
11. f :
x, y
f ( y x) f ( y x) 2 f ( x) f ( y)
. ) f(0) ) .
12. f:
. :
g(x)=xf(x)-|f(x)|
.
13. f:
. :
g(x)=f(f(x))-x4f(x)
.
14. ()32-4+5. f

:
) 2
) 3
)1 7
)2 1
E:
33
15. :
)f(x)=1-2x3-3x
)f(x)= 10 - 2x - x + 3 )f(x)=
5
x
16.H f R,
(3,5). :
)f(|2x-1|-4)=5
)f(x2-4)-f(2x-1)=0
17.A f R, :
)f(x-4)<f(3x)
)f(|x|)<f(2)
)f(x2-5)-f(3-2x)<0
18.A f(x) ,
g(x)=-f(x) .
19. A f(x) R g(x)
R, :
h(x)=3f(x)-5g(x)
R.
E:
34

=
=
=
=

360
(,y)
y
x
p
y
x
x
y
2 2
p= x +y
x
- : (rad)
- :
=
:
180o
E:
35

rad
30
45
60
90
180
270
360
/6
/4
/3
/2
3/2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
: (0,0) =1.

:
:
: ( )
=1
E:
36
:
:
-1
-1

2
2
+ =1
2
2
: =1-
2
2
=1-
0
0
=1
: =
(-)=-
(-)=
(-)=
(-)=-
(-)=-
(-)=-
(-)=-
(-)=-
(+)=-
(+)=-
E:
37
(+)=
(+)=
+ =
2
+ =-
2
3
2
- =
2
- =
2
3
2
3
- =-
2
3
- =
2
3
- =
2
(2+)=
(2+)=
3
+ =
2
(2+)=
(2+)=
3
+ =-
2
3
+ =-
- =
2
3
+ =-
3
- =-
2
+ =-
2
- =
2
+ =-
2
E:
(2-)=-
38
(2-)=
(2-)=-
(2-)=-
1.
2 + 2x = 1.
.
x
.
. x
x x
2
2
:
x
1
2
2 1
1
32
3
2
2
2
x
2 + 2x = 1 x 1 x 1 x
4
4
2
2
E:
39
1
2
3
2
3
3
3
2 3
1
2
2. ,
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x x.
2 + 2x = 1 .
x 3 0 x
x
2
x 3
x
3 x 3 x
x
2 + 2x = 1
x 3x
( 3 x) 2 2 x 1 3 2 x 2 x 1
0 x
2
1
1
4 2 x 1 2 x x (1)
4
2
(1)
1 3
x 3 x 3
2 2
1
1 3
3
x
3 3 3
(.
,,
..)
2
2
+ =1
E:
40
..
=1
1
2
(1 ) 2
2
1
2
2
(1 ) (1 )
2 1 2 2
2
1 1 2
2
2 2
2
(1 )
(1 ) (1 )
2(1 )
2
2
2
.
(1 )

:

.
. :
(1710 ) (2 ) (270 )
2
(90 ) (603 ) (1170 )

2
:
(1710 + ) = (4 . 360 + 270 + ) = (270 + ) = -
(2 + ) =
E:
41

5
4
2
2
2
2 2
(270 + ) =
(90 + ) = -
(603 ) = (360 + 270 ) = (270 ) =
(1170 ) = (3 . 360 + 90 ) = (90 ) =
3
7
4 3
3
2
2
2
2 2
2 .

O : f
, >0 ,:
+ - .
f(x-T)=f(x)=f(x+T) .
f.
, ,
, .
f(x-T)=f(x)=f(x+T) ,
f .
E:
42
f(x)=
: =R
: f(A)=[-1,1]
: =2
: R R
f(-x)=(-)=-=-f(x).
A (0.0).
: 0,
: =
E =
f(
3
2
f(
,2
3
2
)=1
3
2
)=-1
: yy (0,0)
=0,,2,3,.....
f(x)=
: =R
: f(A)=[-1,1]
: =2
E:
43
: R R
f(-x)=(-)==f(x).
A yy..
0,
A ,2
: =0
f(0)=1
E = f()=-1
: yy (0,1)
=
3 5
,
,
.
2 2 2
f(x)=
0}={R/x
: ={R/
: f(A)=R
: =
: R R
, }
f(-x)=(-)=-=f(x).
A (0.0).

, )
2 2
: A (-
: yy (0,0)
=0,,2....
E:
44
=+
Z.
f(x)=
: ={R/
0}={R/x
, }
: f(A)=R
: =
: R R
f(-x)=(-)=-=f(x).
A (0.0).
: (0,)
: yy
=
3 5
,
,
...
2 2 2
= Z.
:
f(x)=()+c
: =
E:
45
: ||+c
E : -||+c
()
-1
()
f(x)
+c
-+c
f(x)=()+c
2
: =
: ||+c
E : -||+c
()
-1
()
f(x)
+c
-+c
+c
E
x=2+
=2+-
E:
46
x=2+
=2
=2-
=+,
=+,
f(x)=g()
E
f(x)=2+g(x)
: f(x)=g()
f()=2+-g(x)
f(x)=g()
E
f(x)=2+g(x)
: f(x)=g()
f()=2-g(x)
f(x)=g()
:
f(x) 0 f(x) + ,
2
g(x) 0 g(x) + ,
,
2
.
:
f(x)=g()
f(x)=+g(x),
, .
f(x)=g()
:
f(x)
f(x)
+,
g(x)
g(x)
+,
E:
47
:
f(x)=g()
f(x)=+g(x),
, .
:
1) (-)
, :
-=(-)
-=(-)
-=(-)
-=(-)
2) ,
:
=
-
2
-
2
-
2
-
2
3)

:
2=1-2
2=1- 2
=1
4)
.
(
E:
0)
48
)6(2-
)(-
)-3=0 )(-
)+=0
)-(+
)(2-
)=0 )(-
)=(+
)=3
) 6(2-
26
=+
)-3=0 6(2-
=2+
6
6
2-
) (-
)=(+
24
(2-
2=2+
2+6
)
6
)
6
1
2

+
6 6
0=2+
2=2+
12

+
3 6
(-
+
2
- =2-3
4
) : 3
)=
6
6
=+
2+
- =2++
3
4
(2-
)
6
3=(-
3=+-
2=-
2
3
12
12
6-
4+2
E:
(6-4)
2+
6-4
2(3-2)
49
2(3-2) 3
.
6- 12+8 (6-12) 8+ 6-12 9 2(3-6)

2 12
3
2(3-6) 9
.
) (-
(-
) (-
)=-
(-
)=(-)
=+-
0.
2=++
2=+
5
4
4
4
4
4
.
) (2-
2-
2-
)=(+
2+
2+-
(2-
)=[
2+
2+
-(+
)]
(2-
)=(
2 2
+
3
9
,
2+
-)

1. :
)420
) 750
2. )
25
6
33
4
<< , : =--
2
E:
5
8
50
) <<
3.
3
, :=--
2
:
5
2
)=2-3 )=2- ) = +2
4. =2-2-8
5. =
3
5
0<<
.
6. =
<<
2
.
7. =
3
<<2
2
.
8. =-
2 6
5
3
<<2
2
.
9. :
)22+2=1
)-2= )
1+2
2
-2 =1
2

2
2
1+
1+
4
.
=
2
2

1- 1+
1-2
2
=1-2
2
1+
10. :
2
2

2
2
)
= -
2
2
1+ 1+
1+2
3
2
)
-1+
=3
2
1+

11.
)
12.
:
2
2
a- 1+2
1+ 1+
=-
2
2
2
2
+ 1-2
)
=
+

2
2
9 +6 +
10
E:
51
)-45
13.
)150
)225
)240 )
2
3
) =
14.
)-30
5
4
2
3
19
6
20
3
6
3
27
4
3
5
(- )
6
6
4
37
17
3
46
3
) =
29
21
4
43
6
26
) =
(7+) (21-)
(13-) (38-)
) =
(8-)+(3+)
(23+)+(27-)
13
21
-
+
(5-)
2
2
) =(11-)+(15+)+
) =
17
25
(9+)
+
-
2
2
15.
:
41
35
(
-) (21-) (
+)
(-) (- ) (-2)
2
2
2
) =
)
=
25
5
(-3) (-) (- )
(
+) ( -) (33+)
2
2
2
16.
,,, :
)2(+)+2=1
17.
)2
)(+)=-1
+2
+
2
)f(x)=2+ =
) f(x)=2-4 =
)f(x)=28-34 =
18.
:
)f(x)=2-
19.
)f(x)=
)f(x)=x3
E:
52
)f(x)=56 )f(x)=-128
5
()
3
)f(x)=
)f(x)=
4
10
)f(x)=6
20
)f(x)=3x+2 )()=-2+4 )()=2-5
)()=-3-1 )()=2(3)+4
20.
Na :
3
2
)= 21.
)=1 )(+
)=1 )(2+
)=-1
)(
-2)=-1
) )=(
-) )(-
)=(
-)
)-(+
)=0 )+(2-
) )(
-)-(
+2)=0
-)=0
Na :
)(+
3
4
)+(-
)2= (-
)=0
)(+
)=(
)+(+
2
3
-) )(-
)=0 )=
)=(+
2
5
Na :
) (
3
8
(-
)=2 )3=(+
)2+(
25.
)=-1
Na :
)(-
24.
3
3
Na :
)(23.
)= -
Na :
)(+
22.
2
2
)= -
+)+(
-)=0 ) (
7
10
-2)+(
3
5
(+
3
4
+)=0 )
)
1
)
1
26.
Na :
)|2|=1
27.
)|4-1|=3
)||=|2|
)22=-
)2-1=-2 )+1=+
) 2 3 -6=3-
3 )42-1=0
E:
)2=3
53
28.
Na :
)2-2(
29.
)2=23 )3=2
-)=0
Na :
)22+3+1=0
)42-8+3=0
)22+( 3 -2)- 3 =0
)2-( 3 -1)- 3 =0
30.
Na :
)22--2=0
31.
Na :
)3= 2 3
)
32.
)-22++1=0
)= )42=1 )-=
1
+2 3+2=0
2
Na :
)2(1-)(1+)+=0 )22-3||+1=0 )4-42+3=0

2
2
1
=
) 4+1 1- 2
33.
f(x)=(a+1)(), ,>0.
f 3 4, :
) .
) f
.
) f(x)=
3
2
) f(x)+f(x-1)=0
34.
H f(x)=()+()
1
23
( ,1) (
, 3 ).
3
6
) .
) f(x)=0 [-1,2].
35.
f(x)=2+
3
4
,- 3
, -2 3 .
12
E:
54
) .
) f .
) f, .
) f
- - f(x) = 2
36.
H f(x)=3()+ =
13
, 2 .
6
) .
) f,
.
) f(x)=
7
2
E:
55
: R N.
: +-1-1+....+1+0.
0,1,....., R N.
0(. )
0 .
0,1,....., 0
.
:
.
0.
.

P(x)=akxk+ak-1xk-1+.+a1x+a0
,-1,...,1,0
0 :
)

)
(
).
.
P(x)=(3-4)3+(2-2)2+(2-4)+-2 ,
R.
3
-4
4)
E:
2.
56
2 .
=0 P(x)=-4x+2 1.
=2 P(x)=0 .
=-2 P(x)=82-4 2.

P(x) , Q(x)
Q(x)=+-1 -1+...+1+0
P(x)=+-1-1+.....+1+0
P(x)=Q(x)
0=0 ,1=1, .......= +1=+2=....=0.

.
1. P(x)=a5x5+a4x4+a3x3+a2x2+a1x+a0 Q(x)=33+22+1+0
5=4=0 0=0 ,1=1 , 2=2 , 3=3.
2. P(x)=(a2-4)x3+(a2+2a)x2-a2x+3a-8 Q(x)=(3a+2)x2-2ax+a-a2.
N .
2
2
-4=0
+2=3+2
2
- =-2
4
= 2
2
--2=0
=-1 =2
2
-2=0
(-2)=0
=0 =2 .
=2. =2
.

=
P(x)
, P().
P()=0.

,

.
E:
57
:
.
:
.
T
()=()()+() ()
():
():
():
():
0 0 ()< ()
() ()
().
()=0 ()
().
.
,
1 .

.
,
. ,
(x) (x)
(x).
()
()
E:
58
+1
33 + 22 + 5 + 1
+1
33 32
32 + 6
x2 + 5 + 1
()
2 +
6 + 1
6 6
5
()
3x3 + 22 + 5 + 1 = ( + 1) (32 + 6) 5
() < ()
.
0.
() ,
.
Horner
(x3 32 2) : ( + 2)
10
20
10
22
Horner

E:
59
Horner
1. 1
2. 1 1 3 1
3. 1 2
4. 2
3 2
5. 3 ( 1)
1 2 .
:
-
= , =().
(x) x - .
P(x) = (x - )(x) + (x)
x - ,
.
:
P(x) = (x - )(x) +
x = , : P() = ( - )() + = 0 + =
(x) x-
x = .
E:
60
() -
(), ()=0.
x - (x). : P(x) = (x - )(x)

x =
P() = ( - )() P() = 0() P() = 0
(x).
(x) () = 0.
: P(x) = (x - )(x) + (1)
x =
P() = ( - )() +
0 = 0() + = 0
(1) : P(x) = (x - )(x) x -
(x).
(), :
- ().
() - .
- ().
().
() -.
- ().
(): (-) .
,

()=0
E:
61
1. , x + 1
g(x) = 22x1000 + 5x500 + 3x
x + 1 g(x) g( 1) = 0 22( 1)1000 + 5( 1)500 + 3( 1) = 0

22 + 5 3 = 0
= 3
1
2
2. , P(x) = x4 x2 + 2x +
1 x = 2 5
(1)
P(1) 0
1 2 0
3
3
P(2) 5
16 4 4 5
4 15
4 1 5 (2)
(1), (2)
3 = 12 = 4 = 4 (1) :
4=31=1
3. ()=3+2-12+. -3 ()
() +1 28. , R.
-3 (3)=0
27+9-36==0
+1 28 (-1)=28
9+=9 (1)
-1++12+=28
+=17 (2)
(1) -(2) : 8=8
=-1 (2)
=18.
(-)2 () :
(-) (), ()=0.
() (): (-)
-, ()=0
E:
62
2++
0 () :
>0 1,2
(- 1)(- 2) - 1, - 2,
(1)=0 (2)=0.
=0 (- 1)2,
(1)=0 (1)=0.
4. ()=3+2+. , ()
2-4+4.
2-4+4=(-2)2 () 2.
(2)=0
8+4+=0
4 +=-8
(1)
() :(-2) Horner
1
2+4
4+8
1 +2 2+4
+4+8
()=2+(+2)+2+4 (2)=0
4+2(+2)+2+4=0
=-3 (1)
=4.
(
)
E:
63
: :
+ -1-1 + . + 1 + 0, 0

P() = + -1-1 + . + 1 + 0 :
P() = 0
..
25 32 3 + 4 = 0 5 ,
1 : P(1) = 0, P() = 25 32 3 + 4
:
(
).
( )
: + -1-1 + . + 1 + 0 = 0
. 0 ,
0.
o 0 ,
v + v-1-1 + + 1 + 0 = 0
0 = v v-1-1 1
0 = (v-1 v-1-2 1)
, 1, 2, , o v-1 v-1-2 1
. ,
0.
E:
64
. (
Horner) .
,
.
( )
: + -1-1 + . + 1 + 0 = 0
.
0 (
) , :
0.
E
3 .

Horner.
.
:3 + 2 4 4 = 0
2( + 1) 4( + 1) = 0 ( + 1)(2 4) = 0 x+1=0
2
x -4=0
2
x =4
x=-1
x=-2 x=2
3x4 14x3 8x2 + 14x + 5 =0
5: 1, 5
E:
65
P(1) = 3 . 14 14 . 13 8 . 12 + 14 . 1 + 5 = 0 1 P(x)
14
14
11
19
19
11
P(x) = (x 1)(3x3 11x2 19x 5)

Q(x) = 3x3 11x2 19x 5
5: 1, 5
Q(1) = 3 . 13 11 . 12 19 . 1 5 = 0 1 Q(x)
11
19
14
14
Q(x) = (x + 1)(x2 14x 5)

P(x) = (x 1)(x + 1)(x2 14x 5)
x 1 0 x 1
P( x ) 0 x 1 0 x 1
x 2 14 x 5 0
x 3
x 5
(
), .
E:
66
,
.
.

[()]=
=
>0,
<0, .
>0,
= .
<0,
=- || .
.
[()]2+[()]+=0
: ( 1)4 3( 1)2 4 = 0 (1)
( 1)2 = , 0 ( 1)4 = 2
1,
(1) : 3 4 0
4
x 1 2 x 1
= 4 ( x 1) 4
x 1 2 x 3
3 : 3 + 2 + + = 0
E:
67

4 :4 + 3 + 2 + + = 0
1. 4 ( ) 2 (
= 0 )
x 2 x
2. , :
2 0.
x x
1 1
x 2 2 x 0 (1)
x x
1
1 1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3. : x x x 2x 2 x 2 2
x
x
x
x
x
4. (1) : (2 2) + + = 0 2 + + 2 = 0
5.
x
1

x
: 64 353+ 622 35 + 6 = 0
64 353+ 622 35 + 6 = 0 6x 2 35x 62
35 6
0
x x2
( )
1
1
6 x 2 2 35 x 62 0 (1)
x
E:
68
1
1
1
x .... x 2 2 2 2 . (1) :
x
x
6(2 2) 35 + 62 = 0 62 12 35 + 62 = 0 62 35 + 50 = 0
10
1 3
5
2
2
x 1 3
10
1 10

: x 3x 2 3 10x 3x 2 10x 3 0
x 3
3
x 3
2
x 3 2
1 5
5
: x ....
x 2
2
x 2
4
:
.
.. (
.. ).

.. .

.
.
+10
2
- 2
=
+2 -4 -2
E:
69
-10
2
=
+2 2 -4 -2
-10
2
=
+2 (-2)(+2) -2
: +2
0 -2
-10
2
-(-2)(+2)
=(-2)(+2)
+2
(-2)(+2)
-2
(-2)-(-10)=2(+2)
2 -2-+10=2+4
(-2)(+2)
2 -5+6=0 =(-5)2
=
1,2
4 1 6
5 1 51
=
= 3 2
2
2
=2 .

,
Horner.
A
,
.
1
.
( 0).
, , ,
, .
.
16
8x
+2 0
x
x
(4
9x
-2
x)
14
1=2 2=7
E:
70
:
1=2 : 2
4 . 1=2 .
2=7 : 7
4 . 2=7
.
2
.
( 0).
. ,
.
.
16
8x
x
x
(4
9x
x)
14
+2 0
-2
4- 0
-2 4
1=2 2=7 .
,
1 :
, )
(
,
).
E:
71
: x-3
5
2
10
4
2x-4 x+5
10+x
2x-4
x+5
10+x
<-14
-4
<4 (-1)-4
4
2
4
4
2
4
2x-4-2(x+5)<-4-(10+x)
2x-4-2x-10<-4-10-x
2x-2x+x<-10+10-4+4
x<0
0 <
0>
0<0
0>0
0>
<
2

2 ++ =24 :
>0 , 1,2
2++
E:
72
=0 , 1,2
2++
1,2
<0,

2++
2
2 ++<
++
2 ++
2 ++>0 2
0:
( )
,
.
) 2+3-10>0 ) -2+2-1<0
) 2+4+16<0 ) 22-4+3>0
)2+2+1
) 32+2+4>0
) 2+3-10>0 , =32-4 1
x1,2
(-10)=49
49
2
2+3-10
. x
2
) - +2-1<0
(-
3 7
2
-5
+
,-5)
(2,+
1=-5 2=2
2
-
+
+
, =2 -4(-1)(-1)=4-4=0
E:
73
2
2( 1)
x1,2
-2+2-1
(-
1
-
,1)
(1,+
).
) 32+2+4<0 , =22-4 3 4=4-48=-44<0

,
=3>0 .
32+2+4
.
) 2+4+16<0 , =42-4 1 4=16-16=0
4
2 1
x1,2
2
-
-2
2+4+16
.
) 22-4+3>0
, =(-4)2 -4 2 3=16-24<0

=2>0 .
22-4+3
) +2+1
0 , =2 -4 1 1=4-4=0
2
2 1
x1,2
2+2+1
-1
+
E:
74
,
=-1 ( =-1 2+2+1=0)
3
Horner, (),(),......,()
.
( ) (),(),.......() .
()().......() .
A(x)
>0
B(x)
A(x)
<0
B(x)

, :
A(x) >0
()()>0 ,
B(x)
A(x)
<0
B(x)
()
()()<0 , ()
:
( A(x) 0 A(x) 0 ) .
B(x)
B(x)
:
)
x-3
x2 3x 10
2
) (x+2)(x
x2
2x
9)
) :
x2
3x
10
E:
-2
75
x-3
2
x
3x 10
3x
(-3)(x
10)
-3=0
=3 2-3-10=0
=5 =-2
-2
2-3-10
-3
( -
- 0
,-2)
(3,5).
)
2+2-3
-3 .
(x+2)(x 9)
x2 2x 3
(x+2)(x2
9)(x2
2x
3)
-3
-2
+2
2-9
2+2-3
( -
,-3)
(-3,-2]
+
0
+
0
+
-
+
+
(1,3].
-3 1
.

A(x)
B(x)
...
:
E:
76
( ).
A(x) ,
B(x)
: ) 2x-1
x2
4
x+1
10
2
x
1
x
x 1
) 2-4
2x-1
x2 4
2x-1
-1
x2 -4
2x-1-x2 +4
x2 -4
2x-1
x2 4
-x2 2x 3
x2 4
-2
-2+2+3
2-4
x2 4
x2 4
2
(-x
-1
-
2
3)(x
2x
2
0
4)
(-2,-1]
+
+
+
-
(2,3]
-2 2
.
) 2-1
4
x+1
10
2
x 1
4(-1)
(x+1)(-1)
x
x 1
4
x+1
10
(x-1)(+1)
4(-1)-10+(+1)
(x+1)(-1)
10
(x+1)(-1)
(+1)
(-1)
x
x 1
4(-1)
10
(+1)
+
(x+1)(-1) (x-1)(+1) (-1)
4-4-10+2 +
(x+1)(-1)
E:
2 +5-14
(x+1)(-1)
77
(2 +5-14)(-1)(+1)
2+5-14=0
-7
2+5-14
-1
+1
-1
=1 +1=0
=-1
=-7 =2
-1=0
(-
(-1,1)
[2,+
+
+
,-7]
] .
-1 1
.

f(x)> g(x) f(x) < g(x)

.
,
.
.
2+6- 9-
2+6 0
9- 0
2 -6
-3
-3 9.
2+6- 9-
2+6
9-
2+6
9-
2+6
9-
1.
:
-3 1
f(x)
g (x ) f(x)
g (x )
E:
78
g(x)
( <0
0),
.
.
+10
-2
: +10 0
-2<0
-10.
<2 .
-10 <2.
-2 0
2 . 2
-10
6 .

1. x:
) 1 + x x4
) x
1
x3
3x 4 2 x 2
) 2 x 2
1
x ) x-2 + 5x
) x 2 x 5
2. ()=23-32+4-1
:
) Q(x)=P(2x).
) Q(x).
) , Q(x).
3. R :
P(x) = (2 5 + 4)x3 + (2 3 + 2)x2 + 2 1 .
4. R :
P(x) = (3 + 22 3)x4 (2 )x2 + + 1
5. O ()=(2-1)2+(2+)--1
6. ()=(3+2-6)2+(2+-6)-+2.
E:
79
:
) () .
) ().
7. P(x) = ( + 5)x2 + (3 + 6)x + + 6
.
8. :
P(x) = (2 5)x5 + 4x2 + Q(x) = - 6x5 + 22 + (3 8)x + 2
9. P(x) = 4x2 Q(x) = x2 + x + ,
, 1 .
10. x R P(x) = ( + 2)x2000 + (22 + 1)x1999 +
p = 1.
11. P(x) = 2x2 x + 1 (x) = 1 + x.
i. P((x))
ii. (3 (x + 1))
iii. ((x) 1)
12. P(x) = x2 + x + 2. R : P( 1) = 3
13. P(x) = 2x3 + 2x2 4x + 1,

Q(x) = x4 + 2x3 3 + 3 1.
14. P(x) :
i. (x 5)P(x) = x3 10x2 + 31x 30
ii. [P(x)]2 = 4x2 12x + 9
15. P(x), :
i. P(2x 1) = x 1
E:
ii. P(x + 1) = x2 x + 2
80
16.
:
i. (x5 + x4 1) : (x4 + x2 2)
ii. (x2 x3 + 2x4 x + 1) : (3 + x2 + x)
iii. x6 : (x + 1)2
17. (), 2-3
2-4+1 -3+2.
18. :
(4x2001 x1821 + 7x1453 6) : (x + 1)
19. R :
(2x6 5x3 + 4x ) : (x + 1) 1
20. P(x) = 2x2 + 2(2 3 + 2)x 3(4 + 7).
P(x) : (x + 2) .
21. , R x 2 x + 4
P(x) = x3 x2 x x + 24
22. , R P(x) = x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 6
Q(x) = x2 + 4x + 3
23. , R P(x) = x3 ( + 1)x2 + x 1
x2 3x + 2
24. P(x) x 3 1
x + 1 3, P(x) (x 3)(x + 1)
25. :
i. 5x3 7x2 + 9x 7 = 0
E:
81
ii. 5x3 + 6x2 + 3x + 2 = 0

iii. 2x3 5x2 3x 2 = 0
26. R x3 + x2 3x + 2 = 0
.
.
27. xx
f(x) = x4 x3 x2 5x + 6
28.
f(x) = 5x3 7
g(x) = 7x2 9x
29. :
i. x3 7x2 21 x + 27 0
ii. x4 x3 4x2 2x 12 > 0
iii. x6 > 64
iv. x4 5x2 + 4 < 0
30. ()=33+2-2++15 -2.
)
) () 0.
31. f(x) = 4x3 15x2
24x 5 xx.
32. :
) 3+2-
(32 -8)
8
=2-2
-2
2 -3+2 1-32
2
=
-1
2 -
E:
14
7
2 ++1
=4+1
2 -1 -1
2 +2 2 +2-1
2 3(+1)
=
) (+1) +
(+1)
82
33. :
)
2 +4-5=4 )
25-2 -3=0 )
3+18= )
20-8-=0 ) 2+13=+7
34. :
)
- 14-2=3
3-+3=0
+8- -4 =2
-5-3= -8
) 2-3- -2=1
35. :
)
9-2 - -5=2
1-2 + -1= )
1+4 =1+ )
12- =6-
36. :
) -
+8
-1
+2
>
4(-2)
2
3 -6+2
-2
-10
2
+2
2
2
-3+2
5
-3
+2
3
+3-6
+2
3
+6-5 3
5
+
+
+2
2
+3
-3
-9
-4
2
-5+6
-1
37. :
)
2-1< 9-3
+4
1-
+3
2+1- +3
-3
2 +3-10
-3
-5
+7
38. :
)
-6
3-
2 -3
+5
2
-2 +9-8< -8
39. Q
P(x)=2x3+7x2-5x-4
E:
83
Na ,, R
P(x) :
()=(+)(2+3+)
40. :
P(x)=(+1)x3+2x2-(2+-1)x-2-1
() 2.
41. :
P(x)=x3+(2 +1)x2+(2-)x-2
=-2
4.
42. :
P(x)=-x3+x2++4
, :
(-1)=10
(2)=-2
43. :
()=(-1)10-9++
, () 6
() 7.
44. :
P(x)=x3+x2-(-2)x+3+4
, () -1 =-2
-5.
45.
P(x)=(2-4)x4+(2--2)x3-(4+1)x2+(+3)-3
() :
)
E:
84
) Q(x) : (+2)Q(x)=P(x)
46.
()=4+2+(1-)-2.
() +2 -6 , .
47. :
P(x)=x3+x2+x-+1
() -3 +2 -5,
,.
48. :
P(x)=3x3+x2-13x+
() +1, -2 -24.
) ,.
) ()<0
49. :
()=33+2-(+4)-17
Q(x)=x3+(a-1)x2+x-2.
() -2 -29, Q(x)
-1.
) ,.
) P(x)Q(x)
50.To Q(x)=3+(+)2-2(+)+4-3
()=4-22+3-2 +2. ,,, R.
( )
E:
85
51. f x ax3 1 x 2 , .
. f(x) -1 f(x) x 2
-4, , .
. a 1 4
i.
f(x) .
ii.
f x 0
5
-
I
:
........ , 2
=
,=1
,=0
: =0 00 ( ).
, ,1,2R,
x
x
x x
a 1 a 2 a 1 2
x
x
x x
a 1 :a 2 a 1 2
x x2
x x
(a 1 )
a 1 2
E:
86

f(x)=ax >1
R.
(0,+
yy (0,1)
), .

1<2 1 < 2
+
-
0.
f(x)=ax 0<<1
R.
(0,+
yy (0,1)
), .

1<2 1 > 2 .
+
-
0,
E:
87

f(x)=ax
R >0
, >0
R >1
0<1
. f(x)=
+4
. R- 2 ,
2-
f(x) :
) R
) .
) R :
+4
2-
>0
(+4)(2-)>0
(-4,2)
) : :
+4
2-
+4
2-
+4
2-
>0
-2
(-4,-1)
(+4)(2-)>0 (-4,2)
1
(-1,2).
) :
+4
2-
+4
2-
+4
2-
2-
2-
2+2
2-
(2
2)(2
(2
2)(2
(-1,2)
) :
+4
2-
+4
2-
>0
(+4)(2-)>0 (-4,2)
+4
2-
+4
2-
2-
2-
2+2
2-
<-1 >2.
E:
88
(-4,-1)
af(x)=
0<
1,
:
i.
0,
ii.
>0,
.
x
a 1
x
a 2
x1
x2
,
.
)2=32 )4-64=0
)2=32
2=25
)4-64=0
=5
4=64
4=43
=3
af(x)=g(x)
0<,
1,
f(x)
g(x)
f(x)
p g(x)
=(a )
f(x)
=a
pg(x)
f (x )
pg (x )
.
x2 -x x2 +2
. 8
=4
E:
89
x2 -x
x2 +2
3
2
2
= 2
x2 -x x2 +2
8
=4
2
x -3x-4=0
3x2 -3x 2x2 +4

2
=2
2
2
3x -3x=2x +4
1 =4
f(ax)=0
E
, =
.
)2+3-2+2+6 2-1=56
)4+1-9 2+2=0
1
3 2
2 2 -2 2 +6 2 =56
2
) 4
+1
8 2 4 2 3 2
4 22 -9 2 +2=0
-9 2 +2=0
56
7 2
56
3
2
=3
4 2 -9 2 +2=0
=2 42-9+2=0
=2 =
=
1
4
: =2
1
2 =
4
-2
2 =2
2=2
=1
=-2 .
f(ax)=g()

, ,
, :
1. .
2. =
:
3. 1-1
.
. 9+1-4+2=44 4-1+32
E:
90
+1 +2
-1
-4
=44 4
2
3
27
=
2 8
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
9 9
2
4 4
2=3
44
4
4
2
3
2
9 3
2
3
2
2
11 2 +16 2
3
2
2+()+2=0
2 2
2

2
+
+
=0
2
2
2
+=0
. 4+1-13 6+9+1=0
+1
2
3
+1
-13 6 +9
-13
2
3
4 4
13(2 3)
2
3
+9=0 =
=1 =
9 9
2

2
4 2 -13 2 3 +9 3
42-13+9=0
9
.
4
:
=1
2
3
=1
9
=0 =
4
f(x)
g(x)
9
=
4
2
3
2
3
-2
=-2
=1
,
:
)f(x)=1
)g(x)=0 f(x)
)f(x)=-1 g(x)=
. (2-3+1)3-5=1
E:
91
2
x -3x+1=1
2
3-5=0 x -3x+1
2
x -3x=0
2
x -3x+1=-1
x=0 =3
0 =
2
x -3x+2=0
5
3
3-5= =1
=1 =2
f(x)g(x)=f(x)h(x)
:
f(x)g(x)=f(x)h(x)
f(x)g(x)-f(x)h(x)=0
f(x)h(x)[ f(x)g(x)-h(x)-1]=0
: f(x)h(x)=0 (1) f(x)g(x)-h(x)=1 (2)

(1) f(x)=0
h(x)
0 (2)
.
.
-3
22 -5-3
=(-3)
2 -4+3
-3
22 -5-3
(-3)
(-3)
2 -4+3
2 -4+3
=(-3)
2 -4+3
-3
22 -5-3
2
2
(-3)2 -5-3-( -4+3) 1 =0
=0
2
-3=0 -4+3
-(-3)
(-3)
2 -4+3
2 -4+3
0 =3
0
2
(-3) --6 -1 =0
.
(-3)
2 --6
=1 :
-3=0 =3
2
--6=0 -3
=-2 =3
-3=-1 --6=
=-2
=2 .

E:
92
, ,
, :

>1 f(x)=ax ,: 1 < 2

0<<1 f(x)=ax ,: 1 < 2
<
1 2
>
1 2
: =
=loga loga
.
: >0 ,
1 >0
loga =
loga 1
logaa
loga
:
>0, 1, 1,2>0 R :
1.
loga ( )=loga +loga

1 2
1
2
2. oga ( 1 )=loga -loga

1
2
3. loga =loga
E:
93
1. : log1 = x log2 = y,
log 1 x
log 2 y
x 1
y
:
x1x2 = 12 x1+x2 = 12 log(12) = x1 + x2 log(12) = log1 + log2
2. : log1 = x log2 = y, :
x 1
log 1 x
log 2 y
2
: x1 : x2 = 1: 2 x1- x2 = 1 : 2
log(1:2) = x1 - x2 log 1 = log1 - log2

2
3. : log = x :
log = x x = kx = k kx = logk logk = klog
:
log =
1
log
> 0
1
log = log =
, :
1
log
: A =10 log=
10=
: =e ln=
ex=
: ,>0 , ,1 , >0
log
log=
log
E:
94

f(x)=logax >1
) : f= (0,+ )
) : f(A)=R
) : , 1<2 logax1<logax2
) : (1,0)
y
) .:
,
logax
+
0 logax
) :
: f(x)=logx f(x)=lnx
.
f(x)=logax 0<<1
) : f= (0,+ )
) : f(A)=R
) : , 1<2 logax1>logax2
) : (1,0)
y
E:
95
) .: ,
logax
+
0 logax
) :
:
1. f(x)=logA(x)
f(x)=lnx :
, ()>0
Cf
f(x)=0
A(x)=1
Cf (
) , f(x)>0
()>1 ( f(x)<0
0<()<1 ).
2. f(x)=logax+c
f(x)=logax |c|:
, c>0
c<0
3. f(x)=loga(x+c)
f(x)=logax |c|:
, c>0
, c<0
E:
96

logaf(x)=k
A f(x)>0.
:
logaf(x)=k
f(x)=k

.
. log2(x-2)=3
-3>0
>3.
log2(x-2)=3
-2=23
-2=8
=10
logaf(x)=logag(x)
f(x)>0 g(x)>0 ,
.

1-1 logaf(x)=logag(x)
f(x)=g(x).
.
:
.

.
. : i)ln(3x-1)=ln(9-x2) ii)log(x-6)+log(x+1)=3log2
) : 3x-1>0
2
9-x >0
x>
1
3
2
x <9
-3<x<3
E:
97
1
<x<3
3
ln(3x-1)=ln(9-x2)
3-1=9-2
2-3+10=0
=2 =-5.
=2.
): -6>0
>6
+1>0
>-1
>6.

log[(x-6)(x+1)]=log23
: log(x-6)+log(x+1)=3log2
x2-5x-6=8
x2-5x-14=0
log(x2-5x-6)=log8
x=-2 x=7.
=7.

logaf(x), :
=logaf(x) .
. log2x2+logx4-8=0
: 2>0
4>0
.
log2x2+logx4-8=0
(2log|x|)2+4log|x|-8=0
( ||
, ).
4log2|x|+4log|x|-8=0. =log|x|
42+4-8=0 =1 =-2.
: =1
=-2
log|x| =1
log|x| =-2
||=10
||=10-2
E:
10
=
1
100
98

: )2+4=52-
)logx=
10x
) 2+4=52-
log2+4=log52-
(x+4)log2=(2-x)log5
xlog2+4log2=2log5-xlog5
xlog2+xlog5=2log5-4log2
x(log2+log5)= log25-log16
xlog10= log25-log16
x=log
) : >0 100
25
.
16
>0.
logx
x
2
log x
logx
logx
10x
1
1
log10
log x
2
2
=logx
2
2log x
2
2log x
log10 log x
2
log x
1 log x
1
(log10
2
log x )
2
2log x log x 1 0
22--1=0 =1 = -
=1 logx=1
1
= 2
log 10x
1
logx logx=log(10x) 2
1
2
=10
1
logx= 2
1
x= 10 2
-
x=
1
10
x=
10
.
10

, .
>1, f(x)=logax
logaA(x)logaB(x)
A(x)B(x)
0<<1 , f(x)=logax
logaA(x)logaB(x)
A(x)B(x).
E:
99
. : )log(2x+4)<log(13-x) )ln[log(3x-5)-1]<0
)ln(x+3)+ln(2-x)<ln(5-x)
) : 2+4>0
>-2
13->0
<13
: -2<<13
f(x)=logx , :
log(2x+4)<log(13-x)
2+4<13-
2+<13-4
3<9
<3,
.
) : 3-5>0
>
5
3
log(3x-5)-1>0
log(3x-5)>1
log(3x-5)>log10
3x-5>10
x>5
H : >5
ln[log(3x-5)-1]<0
log(3x-5)<2
ln[log(3x-5)-1]<ln1
log(3x-5)<log100
[log(3x-5)-1]<1
3x-5<100
3x<105
log(3x-5)-1<1
x<35.
: 5<<35.
) : +3>0
>-3
2->0
<2
5->0
<5
: -3<<2.
:
ln(x+3)+ln(2-x)<ln(5-x)
-x2-+6>5-
x2>1
ln[(x+3)(2-x)]<ln(5-x)
||>1
ln[(-x2-+6)<ln(5-x)
-1<<1.
-3<<-1 1<<2.
E:
100

.
.
log(20x+10y)=2
log(x+1)+logy=1
20+10y>0
x+1>0
2x+y>0
x>-1
y>0
20x+10y=100
(x+1)y=10
log(20x+10y)=2
log(x+1)+logy=1
log(20x+10y)=log100
log[(x+1)y]=log10
y=10-2x
(x+1)(10-2x)=10
y=10-2x
y=10-2x
-2x2 +8x+10=10
-2x2 +8x=0
2x+y=10
(x+1)y=10
y=10-2x
x=0 x=4
y=10
y=2
x=0
x=4
O (,y)=(0,10) (,y)=(4,2)
.
E:
101

1. R , f(x)=(2a-5)x:
) R,
) ,
) R,
) R.
2.Na R f(x)=(||-3):
) R,
) ,
) R,
) R.
3. Na R f(x)=
+1
5-
) R,
) ,
) R,
) R.
4. f(x)=(-32+12-8) , R
.
5. :
) 11
2 -3-4
-1=0
||-6 1
2
3-5 +2
- =0 ) 6 6
) 2
) (3 +9)(2 -4 2)=0
=6
4
6. :
-5 +3
) 8
)
=4
1
16
-3
2-1
=8
) 27
2 +2-1
=9
2 +4
1
8
3+5
=4 2
)e6x=e4ex+1
E:
102
7. :
+2 +3
-4
-1
+3
-1
2+1
) 2
+2
+48 2
+2 2
=1 ) 5 2 =2
-3 2 ) 12 4
=32+2
)2+23-1=48 )4+252-1=3200
8. :
)22-10.2+16=0 )9-3.3-3=0 )9+1-36.3-1+3=0 )3+1-28+9.3-=0
)e2x+e=ex+ex+1 n)8x-5.4x-28.2x+32=0
9. :
)72.3-2=9.2+1 )100.4-1=52+1-25 )9+1=2.4+1-6.32+1 )2+2-1=24--22-
)2+3.3+1=3+3-5.2+2
10. :
2 +3
2
) ( +-1)
=1
2 +3 2
2 -3
2
) ( --1)
=( --1)
11.N :
x2 13
16 ) 3
|x |-1
) 2
1
)
27
x2 +2x
1
>
9
1
27 )
5
x2 -x-6
x2 x
1
|x|-1 |x|
) 8
>4
25
3
1 )
5
|2x-3|-5
) 7
4x 2 9
12. N :
x2 -4x
3
1
9
2x-3
3
x-8
x2
x
) 2
16
|x| 9 |x|
) 3
9
x 3
27
1 ) 4
x-2
1
8
x+3
1
32
x 1
2x-1
27 ) 2
13. N :
2x
) 2
5 2
x2 -7x+6
<1
) 3
0 ) 9
) 4
2 3
6 2
x
x+1
+16
0 ) 4 -5 2
0 ) 2
E:
3 x
2
103
14. N :
) 3
6 3
1
2x
x
) 2 3
5 6
x 2
x+3
x-1
) 2
+15 3
2x
3 2
x+1
) 6
+4
x+1
<10 9
3
x
15. :
3 2
2 3
x y 3
) x
y
2
13
) y
x
288
x 2 7 x 12
y
x y+1
3 5 -2
=59
5
x+1
+2 =133
3 =108
3 =72
16.
:
2 400
4 3200.
:
P(t)=P02kt
P(t) t( ),0
, :
)
)
) .
17. :
.
1
2
log25+
1
3
log8+
1
5
log32=1+log2
. 3log2+log5-log4=1
18. x, , z
3x
. log 3x
3
2x
. log
3
x
3
4 x
E:
. log
34 2
5x
z
2 2 2
7 x z
104
2 3
19. log(x )=a logx-log= logx log
, .
20. > 1 > 1
2
2
2
2
=log(a -1)+log( -1)-log[(+1) -(+) ]
21. log2= log3= ,

4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 30, 36,
72
50
(-1)
22. .. =loga =log , > 0. S =log

1
2
(-3)
23. , , * 1 1 log =
24. , > 0, , 1
log
1+log
log x logx
.
=
log log
1
25. , , x > 0 , x 1 log log = logx .
2
2
x
4
26.
2
logx+logx=log(1+log) logx .
27. log 3 log 4....log 8=3 .
2
3
7
28. :
)f(x)=log(2x-6)
)f(x)=log(x2-9)
)f(x)=ln(15-3x)
)f(x)=log(2x3+3x2-11x-6)
)f(x)=ln(-x3+7x+6
)f(x)=ln(x2+2x-8)
)f(x)=log(4x-10.2x+16)
)f(x)=ln(4.9x+3.16x-7.12x)
x+ 1
2 2
= (logx++log) .
29. x, > 0 x + =7x log
3
2
30. x, > 0 x, 1
logx+log
E:
log
x+
2
105
31.
2
) 2(logx 8) +logx 64+logx 8=9
) logx 3 625-logx 125+
2
) logx 1000=(logx 10) +2 .
1
6
=0
32.
. log(x-2)+log(x-1)=log(2x+8)
. log(x-6)+log(x-7)=1-log5
. log(x-9)+2log 2x-1=2
. 2logx=log(x+
2
. 2log(2x-1)-log(3x-2x )=log(4x-3)-logx
11
10
)+1
33.
2x-2
x-1
+7)=2+log (3 +1)
. log (3
2
2
x
x
x-1
. log(2 +23 )+log81=xlog(3
+1)
x
. log(3 +2)=2xlog3
34.
logx 2
. 10x
=x x
log x
x
=10
35.
. log x log x=2
3
9
. log
x log x log
x log x=54
2
4
2 2
36.
2
. log (log x)=log (log x) log[log(2x +x-2)]=0 . . log[log(3x-5)]=0
2
2
4
4
37.
2
log[log(2x +x-2)]=0
;
log 3
38. . 100
.
2logx
logx
log 3
. : 3
-2 3
-100
=0 .
E:
106
39. () a =log 3
1
3
a =log 81 .
2
3
. .
log x3
log x2
log x
. : 3 -9 3 -9 3 +81=0
logx log3
40. i. : 3
=x
logx
log3
ii. : 3
=54-x
41. :
2 2
) log x
10 log x
2
) log x-logx-2=0
) log2x+3log x-1=0
3 2
2 2
) log x -2log x -6logx+20=0
42. :
)
logx+1
2
4
=
logx logx+2 log2x+2logx
ln2x+lnx2
=1-
) 1-
logx2 -10 20-logx

=
logx3
logx2
lnx2
ln(xe2 )
43. x :
3
5
2-1
2
logx+logx +logx +...+logx
=2 .
44. :
2
) log (x-1)<log 3 ) log (x -2)>log 7
2
2
1
1
3
3
)log5(3-x)0
)log5(x+7)log5(3-x)
)log(|x|+2)-log(6-|x|)>0.
45. :
)log(x+3x)1
. x
. x
)log3+log(x+2)2log6
)log(2 5 +5 4 )x+log7
)2lnxln(x-2)+ln(x+6)
)log x-2logx-3>0.
E:
107
46.
) log[log
5x+3
5-2x
]>0
) log[log
x+5
x-8
]<0
47. :
2
) log x
vi)
4 )ln2x<2lnx )log3x-log2x<0 )log2xlogx4 v)
logx-2
logx
logx-1
vii)xlogx10
logx+3
viii)xlnx
2lnx-1
lnx
e3
x
48.
.
logx+log=3
3
4
logx -log =2
2x=+log3
log27=x+
49.
.
2
x +=12
logx+logx =2
log xlog (x+)=-1

9
3
log x-log (-x)=0
3
9
log logx
50. i. x
x, > 0
=
ii. :
log logx
x
+
=20
log x=1
2
iii. (ii) : log[log(x +xlog-110)]=0
* .
51.
log3
log5
(3x)
=(5)
logx log
5
=3
4x
log
5
=25
log
x+2 =104
log logx
x
+
=200
1
x
[(logx) (log) ] =1024
E:
108
52. f(x)=
a -1
) R , f .
) =11, :
f(x)+f(x+1)=6
( )
53. f(x)=3x-3x+a-2x+2-2x-1
(3,-12). :
) ,
) .
54. :
+ 1 2
2-1 3
()= + 5
- 2 3 2 + 25 - 1 -1.
4
) ,
)
.
55. ()=23+32-18+2 4-2+1. +1
23.
) ,
) ()=-7+10
(1)
) (1),
:
2
(-)3 -(4) 3 5-y =25

3x 5y a 5x
E:
24 5y
109
56. =ln(100)log(e4).
a) ,
) :
2=eln18-2ln3
57. :
f(x) = log
6-x
6+x
) f,
) f(2)+f(4),
) f .
58.
11 - 1
a
f(x) = x log
11 + x
(9,-272).
) ,
) ,
) f .
59. f(x)=olg(x+1)+a
9.
) ,
) yy
f.
60. :
f(x)=log[log(x+10)]
a) ,
) yy
f.
E:
110
) f(x)0
61. :
f(x)=ln(e2x-2ex+) g(x)=ln3+ln(ex-1)
a) f,g,
) N f(x)=g(x)
) f(x)>2g(x)
( )
63. :
f(x)=a(logx)4+8(logx)2log(100x)
f(10)=25.
) ,
) f(x)=0.
( )
64. :
f(x) = ln
e2x -1
ex +5
a) ,
) f(x)=ln2,
) f(x)>0
( )
65. :
f(x) = ln
3-x
3+x
) ,
) f .
E:
111
) f(0) f
1
3
) f(x)+f(x+1)=0
66.O : log(3 2x-1) , log(4 2x-1) , log(8 2x-2)
.
) ,
) log2,
.
( )
67. :
f(x) =
logx + 1
logx - 1
a) ,
) ,
) f(x)2,
) f(x) f
1
x
1,
) 2+ f( 10 ) =0
E:
112
E:

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1

A y=-4 2-3y=16 =2.

y=3-2x. E (,y)=(k,3-2k) keR.

() : (2,1) (2,-1) (-2,1) (-2,-1).

,5] 1<2 f(1)-f(2).

f(1 )<f(2 ) f =(-

) 1>-2 2>-2 1+2>-4

2-2<0 (1-2)( 2-2) >0.

1(,) 2(,) f(x1)<f(x2).

i)f(x-4) f(3x) ii)f(|x|) f(2).

)f(|-2|) f(4) )f(|2-3|) f(5).

(90 ) (603 ) (1170 )

6- 12+8 (6-12) 8+ 6-12 9 2(3-6)

)f(x)=3x+2 )()=-2+4 )()=2-5

)2(1-)(1+)+=0 )22-3||+1=0 )4-42+3=0

0=0 ,1=1, .......= +1=+2=....=0.

x - (x). : P(x) = (x - )(x)

x + 1 g(x) g( 1) = 0 22( 1)1000 + 5( 1)500 + 3( 1) = 0

(-) (), ()=0.

3x4 14x3 8x2 + 14x + 5 =0

P(x) = (x 1)(3x3 11x2 19x 5)

Q(x) = (x + 1)(x2 14x 5)

: ( 1)4 3( 1)2 4 = 0 (1)

64 353+ 622 35 + 6 = 0 6x 2 35x 62

) 32+2+4<0 , =22-4 3 4=4-48=-44<0

f(x)> g(x) f(x) < g(x)

ii. [P(x)]2 = 4x2 12x + 9

ii. 5x3 + 6x2 + 3x + 2 = 0

3x2 -3x 2x2 +4

: f(x)h(x)=0 (1) f(x)g(x)-h(x)=1 (2)

loga ( )=loga +loga

2. oga ( 1 )=loga -loga

log(1:2) = x1 - x2 log 1 = log1 - log2

21. log2= log3= ,

22. .. =loga =log , > 0. S =log

) logx 3 625-logx 125+

logx2 -10 20-logx

4 )ln2x<2lnx )log3x-log2x<0 )log2xlogx4 v)

log xlog (x+)=-1

(-)3 -(4) 3 5-y =25

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ΝΕΟ ΦΥΛΛΑΔΙΟ ΑΛΓΕΒΡΑΣ Β' ΛΥΚΕΊΟΥ

ΝΕΟ ΦΥΛΛΑΔΙΟ ΑΛΓΕΒΡΑΣ Β' ΛΥΚΕΊΟΥ