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, , ( ) .

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11

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=1 i 1 2

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16

( )=()+()-( )
= ( )=()+()
()=1-()
()()
(-)=( )=()-( )
(-)=( )=()-( )


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AB

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(A ) () () () ()

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()
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(simply additive law)


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P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)+P().

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17

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N(A) N(B)

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() () .
N ( ) N ( )

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(A-B)(AB)=A, :P(A)=P(A-B)+P(AB) P(A-B)=P(A)-P(AB).

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18

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23

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2.(-)2 =2 -2+2

3.(+)3 =3 +32+32 +3
4.(-)3 =3 -32+32 -3
5.(-)(+)=2 -2

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24

6.(++)2 =2 +2 +2 +2+2+2
7.3 +3 =(+)(2 -+2 )
8.3 -3 =(-)(2 ++2 )

9. - =(-)(-1 +-2+-32 +.......+-1 )

10. + =(-)(-1 --2+-32 -.......--2 +-1 )

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(-)(+)=2 -2

4.
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(+)2 =2 +2+2 (-)2 =2 -2+2

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25

5.-
:

3 +3 =(+)(2 -+2 ) 3 -3 =(-)(2 ++2 )

6.
)

x2 +(a+)+

x2

, 2 (+) (
, ) (
) :

x2 +(a+)+ =(+)(+)
)

x2 ++

1, 2 : x2 ++ =(- 1 )(- 2 )
1 : x2 ++ = (-1 )2

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26


1. :
) a3 2 2 ) 6 2 y 5 3 2 y 3 4 ) 5 3 8 2 5 8 v) 5 3 8 2 5 8
v) 3 2 y y 2 y 3 ) x8 y 4 ) 64 x 2 y 4 36 6 ) 8x 27 ) 24a 3
3

) a 4 4
2.: ) 36 12 1 ) 9 12 4 ) 4 2 8 4 ) 9 4 y 2 6 x 2 y 1
2

) x 7 x 12 ) x 5x 4 ) x 5x 6 ) 4 x 24 x 28
2

) 3x 12 x 15 ) x x 30
2

3.: ) 4a3 a( )2 ) 5 3 8 2 8 ) 2 2 2 2
) 2 2 3 3 2 ) ( 2 9) 2 6 9 ) 3 3 3 3 1
4. 2 .
5. , :
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7. :

2 5x 6
3 2 3
2 2 6
20 3 20 y3
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x 6x 9
4 4 2
12 2 2 4 3
15 x 2 15 xy 15 y 2
2 2 y2 8
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8. :
2
2
+ +5+6
) = 2
2
-4
-1

) =

2 +y2 +2xy
)
x2 -y2

2
-8+16
x3 -16x
=
:
)
2
2
2
+y x +2xy+y

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

2 +4+4
a2 +2a
:
-y
a2x-a2y

27

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28


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(2x-y)20 I ,y

4x2+y2-4xy0


.

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7 1 7 1
: >>0, a - > a

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7>7 (1)

29

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30

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=1 =.

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31


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2. )

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2
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4

6. , :
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2
: ) 4 3 ) 3 5
7. 1

) 2 2

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32

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7.
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||
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.

10.

>0

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- >0

33


A
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d (, ) = d (, ) . <,

- [, ].


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=

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. =|-2-2|-|2-4+4|

: -2-2=-(2+2)<0 2-4+4=(-2)20.
=-(-2-2)-( 2-4+4)= 2+2- 2+4-4=4-2.

,
.
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=|-2|+|2-4|-|-|-|3-2-4|

<2

-2<0

>2

2>4

<

-<0

<2

3<6 (1) >2

2-4>0
-2<-4 (2). (1)+(2) 3-2<2

3-2-4<-2 3-2-4<0.

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34

=-(-2)+(2-4)-[-(-)]-[-(3-2-4)]=
-+2+2-4+-+3-2-4=3--6.

,
:
1.
.
2.

.
3. ,
.

. =2+|+3|-|2-|

+3=0

=-3

2--0

=2.

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2-

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+

2
+
+

<-3:

=2-(+3)-(2-)=2--3-2+=2-5

-32:

=2+(+3)-(2-)=2++3-2+=4+1

>2:

=2+(+3)-[-(2-)]=2++3+2-=2+5

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+
+

35


1. :
) x 2 1 x 2 4

) x 2 4 x 4 6 x x 2 9

) ( x 1)( x 1) 3 x 2 10 x 25
2. 2

4 :

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3. 4

: )|+4|-2|+1|+3|| )|2-3|-|1-3|+|-|
4. :
)|+1|+|+3| )|-2|-||2+4| )||+|-1|+|3-|
)|+4|-2 +|-3|

)|3-6|-|4-2|-|2-|

5. =-d(,-3)+d(5,)
:
) .
) ( ).
6. :
=|-|||+|+|||
7. :
a)|+y||x-2|+|y+2|
)d(,)d(,3)+d(3,)
8. :
=|-3|-|+1|+|y-1|-|y+2|
-13

-2y1

a)Na .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

36

) .
9. :
)|+1|2-4=|-1|2
)(||-||)2+2||=2+2
10. :
)

|3 +2|
=||
||2 +2

3||+2
=||
||+3

11. :
2
)
2
+1

2
4 +9
12

||

12. |+|=|-| =0 =0.


13. |2+|=|2|+||, ,

0,

.
14. |3-2|=|3|+|2|, ,

0,

.
15. d(9a,9)=d(a,0) =9 =3.
16. <1< :
=d(1,a)+d(1,) d(a,)
17. :
d(a,)d(a,3)+d(3,)
18. :

||<3
||4
||>2
||5

(-

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

[-1,1]
(-6,6)
-8] [8,+

37


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0.

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38

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39


1. :
)

75 48 27 4 3 ) 2 45 80 245 3 5

) 3 18 72 50 10 2 ) 3 32 128 18 7 2
2. :
) =( 12 48 27 ) 3 ) = ( 32 50 18) 8
) = ( 20 45)( 80 5)
3. :
) = ( 3 2) 2 ) = ( 6 7)2 )= ( 3 2)2
4. :
) 7 4 3 ) 6 2 5 ) 11 6 2 ) 5 2 6
5. R :
) x 2 25x 2 9 x 2 ) 16 x 2 4 x 2 3x
6. 0

x 1 :

A x2 x2 2x 1
7. 2

y 3 : = y 2 4 y 4 y 2 6 y 9

8. 1

x2 2 x 1
x2 6x 9

x 1
x 3

3 : =

9. :
)

25 6 2

3 4

35 12 37 )

611
8

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723

713

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12
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1
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12. :
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a4 a

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a 9 a ) 3 4 a 4 a

13. : ) 5
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4 ) 6 2

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3 2 ) 5 2 3 10
2 3.

41

3

1

( ),
,
+=0

o =-

) =0 0==- :

( ) =0 : 0=0

()

:0=

1.
3(+1) -2=2(-2) +1
3+3-2=2-4+1
3-2-2=-4+1-3
-=-6
=6
2.

3 - ( + 1) = - 2( - 1)

- - + 2 = 2 - 3 + 1

3.

2+3(-1)=3-2

3 - - 1 = - 2 + 2

0 = 0

2+3-3=3-2

3-3=-2+3-2

0=-1

1. |()|= :
,
() (
, ,
(-) , (-)
).
,
|()|= ()=
.
: ) ||=0 =0
) ||=
.
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42

: :

4-5|-3|
12

|3

9|
2

|6

2 |

4-5|-3| |3
9| 3
|6 2 | 6
12
2
4-5|-3| |3(-3)|-3
=|-2(-3)|-6
12
2
4-5|-3| 3|(-3)|-3
=2|(-3)|-6
12
2
4-5|-3|
3|-9|-3
12
-12
=12 2|-3|-12 6
12
2
4-5|-3|-6(3|-3|-3)=24|-3|-72

4-5|-3|-18|-3|+18=24|-3|-72
-5|-3|-18|-3|-24|-3|=-72-18-4
=5 =1
-3=2 -3=-2

-47|-3|=-94

|-3|=2

2. |()|=|()|
,
|()|=|()|.
()=() ()=-().
: 2|3-|-|2+5|=0

2|3-|-|2+5|=0

2(3-)=-(2+5)

2|3-|=|2+5|

2(3-)=2+5

( 6-2=2+5 4=1 = 1 ) ( 6-2=-2-5

0=1 )

3. |()|=()

() :
) ()

0 ()=()

()

0.

) ()<0 ()=-()
()<0.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

43

: |x-4|=5-2x

-4

|-4|=5-2

4,:

-4=5-2

3=9


-4<0

=3

<4,:

|-4|=5-2

(-4)=5-2

+4=5-2

=1

<4
4. |()|+|()|=0
|()|

0 |()|

:
()=0 ()=0
, .
: | 2

9|

| 2

3|=0

| 2

9|

| 2

3|=0

(+3)=0
=0 =-3

=-3

1: ,
.
. 2 (-1)=4(-+1)

2-2 =4-4+4

2-4=2 -4+4

2:

(2 -4)=(-2)2

(-2)(+2)=(-2)2

(1)

3:
)
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

44

(-2)(+2)

-2

2 +2

(-2)2
(-2)(+2)

-2

-2
+2

) ,
.
( (1) )
=2 : 0=0
=-2 : 0=16

= :

>0,

<0, .

>0,

= .

<0,

=- || .

:
1. x3

64

x=3 64

2. x

81

x=

3. x6
4. x5

x=4 ( 3)

81

x=

3 ( 1)

81 ( 2)
-32

5. x7 +8x4

x=- 5 |-32|

x4 (x 3

8)

x=-2 ( 4)

x4 =0

x=0 3 +8=0

3 =-8

=- 3 |-8|

( )

2 ++=0

0 . =0

1 .
2 ,
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

=-2

45

(=0)

2 +=0
2 =-
2 = 0

0, =
- .

0, .

(=0) ,
-

2 +=0
=0

(+)=0
+=0
=-

2 ++=0
=-

2 0

0 2 2 2

2
2

2 4



2
4 2
2

4 2
4 2
2

= - 4, :
2 (2)
2

4
2

> 0, :

(2), (1), :

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

46

= 0, (2) :
2

0
0

0 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

<0, (2), (1),


, .
= 2 - 4,
x2 + x + = 0, 0 ,
.
:
=2 4

>0

=0

<0

1,2

-
2

1,2
-

:
>0 .
<0 (
).


:
) 2 , >0

) 1 , =0

.
) , <0
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

47

1.
42 +8=0

4(+2)=0

4=0
=0

+2=0

=-2

2.
32-9=0

32=9

2=3

3.

2-1=(-6)(+6)
=2 -4

2-1=2 -36

2 -2-35=0

=(-2)2 -4 1 (-35)=4+140=144

-
2 144
2
2 1
14
-10
1 =
=7 2 =
=-5
2
2
1,2 =

212
2

, :
2 +(+1)++4=0
.

=0
(+1)2

4 1 (+4)=0

2 +2+1-4-16=0

2 -2-15=0

=(-2)2 -4 1 (-15)=64
1,2

64
2 1

8
2

5 -3

A
2++-0

0 =
1

S= + =1 2

= =
1 2

Vieta.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

-+
--
=
,:
2
2
2

48

2++-0

0 1 2 S= 1+ 2

= 1 2 Q
x2-Sx+P=0
:

S= 1+ 2 = 1 2
,
1 2,:
) (, ..)
) :
12+22=(1+2)2-212
13+23=(1+2)(12-12+22)

. 2+3-5=0.
) 1,2 .
) :
) 1+ 2 ) 1 2

) 12+22

) 13+23 )

) 2 +

) =32-4 1 (-5)=9+20=29>0 .
3
) ) + =- =- =-3
1 2
1

-5
=-5
) =1 2 = =
1

) 12+22=(1+2)2-212=(-3)2-2 (-5)=19
) 13+23=(1+2)(12-12+22)=(-3)[19-(-5)]=-72
+
1
1
-3 3
+
= 1 2 =
=
)
-5
5


1
2
1 2
2
2

+
19 19
2
1
1
2
+
=
=
=)
-5
5


1
2
1 2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

49

2++-0

0 :

1. 0 S=0
2. 0 =1

. 32+(+2)+-1=0.
:
)

)=(+2)2-4 3(-1)=2+4+4-12+12=2-8+16=(-4)20
S= -

=0

+2
=0
3

+2=0

=-2 .

) =(+2)2-4 3(-1)=2+4+4-12+12=2-8+16=(-4)20
=

=1

-1
3

=1

-1=3

=4

[()]2 +()+=0

()=y y2+y+=0 ,
, ()=y .

(2+1)2-7(2+1)+10=0

2+1=y y2-7y+10=0

=(-7)2

4 1 10

49

40

7 9 73
=
=5 2
2 1
2
T
y1,2 =

2 +1=5

4
2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

50

2+||+=0

|| 2=2

,
||2+||+=0 y=||. y
y=|| .

2-6||+8=0

y=|x| ||2 -6||+8=0


=(-6)2-4

y1,2

1 8=4

4 2
2
2

||=4 ||=2

=
2++=0

4 =

=
2++=0. =
.

4-22-8=0 (
=2)

=2 2-2-8=0
=(-2)2-4 1 (-8)=36

1,2

36

2
2 =4
=

6
2

-2

2 =-2

:
.
.. (
.. ).

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

51


.. .

.
.

+10
2
- 2
=
+2 -4 -2

-10 2
=
+2 2 -4 -2

-10
2
=
+2 (-2)(+2) -2

-10
2
-(-2)(+2)
=(-2)(+2)
+2
(-2)(+2)
-2
2
(-2)-(-10)=2(+2)
-2-+10=2+4
(-2)(+2)

2 -5+6=0 =(-5)2

4 1 6

5 1 51
=
=
= 3 2
1,2
2
2

=2 .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

: +2

0 -2

52


5
4 5 2 1

12
3
5
3 2 5
4
2 _ 3 2
3
)
)

4
6
12
10
2
5
1. : )

5 14

7
3( 3)
2

4
3
3 2 8
1
3
5
2. : )
)

2
2 3 3 2

2 2 4
)

1
3 4
2( 1)
)

2
5 6 3 2
1 2 3 2
2

1
1
1
2
2
3 2 2 4
2

3.N :
) 2 3x 6 18 0

4 x 2
2

x 1 4

4 x 10
9

2 )
x 3
2

x3
2
6 2x
3

x3

3 x
6

) 10 5 5x 20 4 x 4 6 x 6 ) 2 x 1 x 4
) x 3 7 x ) 2 x 3 4 x 5 0 )

x 1
4

3x 2
6

4.N :
) x 3 1 ) |||-2|=5 ) |5-|2-1||=4 ) ||-1|+4|=7
) |1-|3-2||=6 ) ||+3| -2|=|-5| ) 7 2 x 3 6 4
) x 2 3x x 2 9 0 ) x 2 4 x 2 4 x 4 0 ) x3 x x 2 x 0
) x 3 x 2 x 0
5.N :
)|2-8|=2-8 )|2|-4|-+3=0 ) -2|+4|=1

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

53

6.N :
) ( 6) 2 9(1 )

) 2 ( 1) (1 )

) (2 1) 2(1 2 ) 2 ( 1) ) 2( 2 2 ) (4 ) 0
) 2 ( 2) ( 1) 0 ) 2 2 2 ( 2 1) 2 ( 1)
) 3( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( 1) ) ( 2 8)( 1) 2 (3 ) 2 2
7. : ) x 64 ) x 81 ) x 21
4

) x 32

) 25x 16 x

) x 8x 0

) 2 x 16 x 0

) 8x x 0 .
4

8. : )
)
)

) 9
) 2

2
6

0 )

6
2

) 36 16

) (

)
)

2)
2)2

0 ) 2

18

2)(

0 ) (

32)

10)
3)(

1)(

1)

3(

3)2

3 (7
5

1)

1) 2
6

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

10

30

27

6)

8)(

7)

2)

(3 5 )

4 )(

1)2

10

12

) (
)

12

0 ) 5

) 1

3)

2)

) 3

0 ) (

4)

0 )

(2

0 ) 2

0 ) 4

4 (

2)
3

0 ) 2

4(1 7 ) 2
25
(3

11

11.: ) (3
) 4(

0 ) 2

48)(

0 )

35

0 ) 2

16

10. : ) (
) (3

0 ) 3

9.: )

) 7

0 )

4 5(2

1)

1)(
3

1)

3
2

54

12. :
) x2

(2

(2

) 2

(3

0 ) 2

2)
2

2)

3)

0
1

13.
:
)

2
2

14.

0
(

1)

0 )

0 ,

0.

0 4. )

) .
15.

0 (1)

12

(2

9)

(2). (1) (2). : ) )


(2).
16.

18

21

0 6. :

) ) .
17.

16

20

0 10. :

) ) .
18.

: )

19.

)2 )

1
2
1

1
2

3
1

0 ,

2
1

2
2

3
1

3
2

: )

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

5
1

4
2

0 ,
2
1

2
2

3
1

3
2

55

20.

: )

1)(

21.

) (2

1)

0 ,

4
)

2
1

2
2

2
1

2
2

3) .

: )

3)(2

0 ,

4
)

2
1

2
2

22. : )2

1
-2
2

4 ) -3 5 ) -6 1 ) -4 -1 )

2
6.
3

23. : )-2
+2 ) 1+ 1- ) 2 .
24.

0 ,

:
)

2
1

2
2

25.

2
2

0 ,

:
) 3

26.

2
1

2
2

0 ,

:
)

1
2
1

2
2

1
1

1
3

2
1

2
1

2
2

2
2

1
.
3

27. :

x2

1)

) .
) : )
).

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

56

28. : 2 x2

5)

0 .

.
29. : x 2

0 .

1)

.
30. : x2

4(

1)

0 . )

) =(
.)

2
1

-2)(

-2)

64 .

2
2

31. :
) x 2

2| | 3

) 3

) x 2

| | 2

5| | 4
)

3(| | 1)

0
2

| 6 | 40

x2

3| |

32. :
)

5
4

4
2

10

9
2

) 4

17

33. :
)

) 16

8
15

) 8

0
4

17

16

34. :
)

2(2

1) 15

35. :
) (
) (
) (

5)2
2

1)2

5)2

2(
7(

3| 5

5) 3
2

) (2

1) 10

| 10

) (
) 5

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

1)2
1)2

3|

1| 4

(2

1) 2

4 |1 2 |

57

36.:

) 1
)

6
2

2
10
4

2
2

4
2

1
1

1
1

20
4

14
2

37.:

1
)

2
1

1
2

4
1

7
.
3

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

58

4

1

,
1 :

, )

(
,
).

: x-3

5
2

10
4

2x-4 x+5
10+x
2x-4
x+5
10+x
<-14
-4
<4 (-1)-4
4
2
4
4
2
4
2x-4-2(x+5)<-4-(10+x)
2x-4-2x-10<-4-10-x

2x-2x+x<-10+10-4+4

x<0

0 <

0>

0<0

0>0

0>

<

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

59


,
.

4-5(x-2)

13-3(x+1)

1-

7-
4

:
4-5(x-2) 13-3(x+1)
4-5+10
-2

-4

13-3-3

-5+3

:
7-
7-

1>
4 1-4
>4
4
2
4
2
-2>7-4
->3
<-3

4-(7-)>2

-3

<-3

(-

()

()


()

()

()

:
-4<2(-1)-3(4-)<11

2(-1)-3(4-)>-4
2+3>-4+14

5>10

2-2-12+3>-4

>2.

2(-1)-3(4-)<11
www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

4-7+>2

,-3) .

()

()

13-3-4-10

60

2-2-12+3<11

5<25

<5

:
0

2<<5 x

(2,5)

|()|< |()|

>0


||<

||

-<<

: |1-2|<7

|1-2|<7

-7<1-2<7

2x
2

-8
-2

-8<-2<6

-7-1<1-2-1<7-1
6
2

4>>-3

-3<<4
:



()> ()


||>

||

> <-

: |2+4|>8

2+4>8

2+4<-8

2>8-4

2<-8-4

2>4

2<-12

>2

<-6

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

61

|()|< |()|

|()|> |()|

|()|<0

|()|

|()|>0 x

|()|

0 ()=0

R- x/A(x)=0

0 .

<|()|< ,
<|()| |()|<
.

: 1<|+5|<3

|+5|>3

|+5|>1

-3<+5<3

+5>1 +5<-1

-8<<-2

-8

>-4 <-6

-6

-4

-2

: -8<<-6 -4<<-2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

62

x2 + x + , 0 :
2
2
2




2 4

) 2 2

2

2 4
4
2



(1)

: 2

4 2

2 ( 2

>0 .

, :

2
2

2
2
2

4 2

2 2
2 2
2
2

: x2 + x + = (x - x1)(x - x2) , x1, x2 .


, >0,
2

= 0 . (1) : 2

, = 0,
.



<0 . || = -, :
2
2

4
2

x , ,
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

63

2

2 ++ =24 :

>0 , 1,2

++
2

+
2

>0, , , : x2 + x + = (x - x1)(x x2) , x1, x2


x1<x2 .
: x < x1 < x2 () , x - x1 < 0 x - x2 < 0, (x x1)(x - x2) > 0. , (1), .

x1 < x < x2 (), x - x1 > 0 x - x2 < 0, (x - x1)(x - x2) < 0.


, (1),

x1 < x2 < x (), x - x1 > 0 x - x2 > 0, (x - x1)(x - x2) > 0.
, (1),

=0 , 1,2

++
2

1,2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

64


,
2


,
2
2
= 0, : 2

<0,

++
2



<0, :
2
2

4
2

x.
.

2
2 ++<
++

2 ++

2 ++>0 2

0:

( )

,
.

) 2+3-10>0 ) -2+2-1<0
) 2+4+16<0 ) 22-4+3>0

)2+2+1

) 2+3-10>0 , =32-4 1

x1,2

49
2

(-10)=49

3 7 =-5 =2
1
2
2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

) 32+2+4>0

65

+3-10
2

.x

(-

(2,+

, =2 -4(-1)(-1)=4-4=0
2
1
2( 1)

x1,2

- +2-1
2

+ -

) - +2-1<0

,-5)

-5

(-

,1)

(1,+

1
).

) 3 +2+4<0 , =2 -4 3 4=4-48=-44<0
,
=3>0 .

3 +2+4
.
2

) 2+4+16<0 , =42-4 1 4=16-16=0

4
2 1

x1,2

+4+16
+
.
2

) 22-4+3>0

-2
+

, =(-4)2 -4 2 3=16-24<0


=2>0 .

+
2 -4+3
+

2

) +2+1

0 , =2 -4 1 1=4-4=0

2
2 1

x1,2

-1
+2+1
+
+
,
2

=-1 ( =-1 2+2+1=0)

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

66

2++>0 ( )
:
<0 ( ) >0 ( )

2++<0 (
) :
<0 ( ) <0 ( )

2++

0 :

0 >0

2++

0 :

0 <0

1. (-2)-2+2-3

R.

(-2) -4(-2)(2-3)

42-4(22-3-4+6)
2

-4 +28-24
2

- +7-6

(-2)<0
<2

(1)

0( +4)

=72-4(-1)(-6)=49-24=25

7
25
2( 1)

1,2

7
2

5 =1 =6
1
2

1
6
- +7-6
- +
1 6 (2) (1) (2)
2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

1 (-

,1].

67

2. 42+4(2-1)+4-3>0 R.

<0
[4(2-1)]2-4(4-3)4<0

4>0

16(2-1)2-16(4-3)<0
(2-1)2 (4-3)<0 ( +16)
42-4+1-4+3<0
42--3<0
=(-1)2-4(-3)4=1+48=49

1,2

49

2 4

42--3

6
8

3
4


2
1
-

+
+

3 <<1 ( 3 ,1) .
4
4


()()......()<0 ()().....()>
:

( ) (),(),.......() .


()().......() .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

68

(-2)(2+6+9)(2-3-4)(2-+2)<0

:
-2=0

=2

,=0 =-3

,=25 =-1 =4

,=-7<0

+6+9=0

-3-4=0

--2=0

-2
2
-3-4
2+6+9
2--2

(-

-3
+
+
+
-

,-3)

(-3,-1)

-1
+
0
+
+
(2,4) .

2
-

4
+

+
+
+

+
-

+
+
-

A(x)
>0
B(x)

+
+

+
+
+

A(x)
<0
B(x)


, :
A(x) >0
()()>0 ,
B(x)

A(x)
<0
B(x)

()

()()<0 , ()

:
.

:
)

x-3

x2 3x 10

(x+2)(x2 9)
x2 2x 3

) :
x2

3x

10

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

-2

0
( A(x)
B(x)

A(x)
B(x)

0)

69

x-3

x2 3x 10

3x

(-3)(x

10)

=3 2-3-10=0

-3=0

-3-10
-3

( -

=5 =-2

-2
+
-

3
+

,-2)

5
-

(3,5).

)
2+2-3

-3 .

(x+2)(x2 9)
x2 2x 3

(x+2)(x2

9)(x2

2x

3)

+2
2-9
2+2-3

( -

,-3)

-3
+
+
-

0
0
(-3,-2]

-2
- 0
(1,3].

1
+
+

3
+
0

+
0

+
+

+
-

-3 1
.


A(x)
B(x)

...
:

( ).

A(x) ,
B(x)

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

70

2x-1
x2 4

: )

1 )

4
x+1

x
x 1

10
x2 1

) 2-4

2x-1
x2 4

2x-1
-1
x2 -4

2x-1-x2 +4
x2 -4

2
- +2+3
2-4

2x-1
x2 4

-x2 2x 3
x2 4

-2
+
-

x2 4
x2 4

2
(-x

-1
+

(-2,-1]

2x

2
0

3
+
+
+

+
-

2
3)(x

4)

+
0

+
-

(2,3]

-2 2
.
) 2-1
4
x+1

10
2
x
1

4(-1)
(x+1)(-1)

x
x 1

1
4
x+1

10
(x-1)(+1)

4(-1)-10+(+1)
(x+1)(-1)

10
(x+1)(-1)

(+1)
(-1)

x
x 1

4(-1)
10
(+1)
+
(x+1)(-1) (x-1)(+1) (-1)

4-4-10+2 +
(x+1)(-1)

2 +5-14
(x+1)(-1)



(2 +5-14)(-1)(+1)
2+5-14=0

=-7 =2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

-1=0

=1 +1=0

=-1

71

+5-14
-1
+1

+
+

-7
o

-1
-

1
o

(-

,-7]

o
+

(-1,1)

[2,+

2
+
+
-

+
o

+
+
+
+

-1 1
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

72


1. : ) 3( 2) 5( 1) 3 2( 3)
)
)

3 5

3 2
3 5
) 3
4
2
10
1
4

2.
:
) 3( 1) 2

1 2( 3) 2

1
2

4 4

4
8

) 1

) 3
)

1 2 1
20 3 30
6

2
2
7
7

4 3

6
5


15
4 2 4

3. :
) 3 5 1 7 5 ) 2( 1) 3
) 5 4( 2)
)
)

2( 3) 5(2 ) 4

4 2
2( 1)
3

5( 3)
6

3( 1)

3 2
2

4. :
) 3

x 1
3

1 ) x 4 5

) x 1 2 x 2

2 x4 4
3

5x 5 6 ) 2 x 1 2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

15 x 2 9
2
6x 3
8

8 x2 7

4x 8 3
5

73

5.:

x5

) 1

2 x 1 5 ) 5 3x 1

3 ) 3

8 ) 4 6 2 x 10

6.:
) x 4 x 1

0 ) 4 x 2 3x ) 3

x 3
x2
2

7. :
) f ( x)

x2
5x 2
5x 2
) f ( x)
) f ( x)
) f ( x) 4 x 20
x 3
x 13
x 2 2x 1

) f ( x)

x 6

) f ( x)

x 3

) f ( x)

x 3

) f ( x)

x 5

x 2 6 x ) f ( x)

3 x

1
x6
2
) f ( x)
x 2x x 9
2

1
5 x
x3

8. :
) x2

2x 3

) 3x2

4x

) x2
) 3x2

) x2

0
4

) x2

3x
4x

0 ) x2

8x 16

4
4

0
0

2x 3

) x2

4 x 12

) 2 x 2

4x

) 3x2

3x 1 0

0.

6x 3

9.:
)
)

0 )

) 2

) 2

0 )

5
2

0 )

10.:
)

) 4(

5) (

4)(

4)

) 2(

3)(

1)2

3) (

11. :
)

)
)

2
2

4
5

5
4

0
0

2
2

4
2

0 )
)

0
8

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

0.

2
2

0
0

2
2

0
0

74

12. :
) 3

) 4(

1)

7)

2(2

13.

5)

50

14

5 26.
14.a :
) f ( x)

x2

) f ( x)

) f ( x)

) f ( x)

x2

7x

3x 10
.
4x 3

15. , f
:
) f ( x)

x2

3x 10 )

f ( x)

3x 2

4.

4x

16. , f
:
) f ( x)

x2

3x

4 ) f ( x)

2 x2

3x

5.

17. , f
g:
) f ( x)
) f ( x)

4 x 6 g ( x)

x2
x2

4x

8 g ( x)

2x 3
x2

3x

4.

18. x 2

3)

0 2

.
19 .

x2

5)

1) x2

.
20. (

0,

.
21.
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

x2

3)

0,

75

22 . 4

4(2

3)

1)

4 3

.
23. :

2)

0.

24. :
) (

4)(

2)(

) (

3)
3

) (

0 ) (

10)

3)(

4)(

0
2)

25.:
)

6)(

) (16

2)

)(4 2 )(

1)

(9

)(2

26. :

2
4

)
2

0 )

5
1

0 )

1
4

3
2

0 )

25

0.

27.:
)

(
2

2)(9
2

0 )

1)(
2

6)

0 )

3)(
2

1)
4

28.:
)
)

5
2
1
1

4
2
1

8
1

4
2

1.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

5
2

1 )

3
3

13
2

76

5
A
: *
R.
a: *

H
:
+1,.-1,
.

(.)
: ,
.
.
+1=+
- . :

+1-=

=1+(-1)


=1+(-1)

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

77

. : ,, .
:
2=+

+
2

, ,
, :

, , ,

, , .

: ,,

:
1. ,

+
2

+ +......+
2. O 1,2,3,........., 1 2
.
2

. :
- ,
: S =

( + )
1

,
, : S =

[2 +(-1)] .
1

.
i) - , +1
+1- .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

78

S :
S-1

ii) S =1 +2 +....+-1 +

S =S-1 +

S -S-1

.
. : ) =3-5 .
) ()
2
S =2 - , ..

) +1 +1=3(-1)-5=3-2.

+1- =3-2-(3-5)=3-2-3+5=3

. =3 =1: 1 =-2
) S-1 =2 -1

=S -S-1

2
-(-1)=2 -5+3

2
2
=2 --(2 -5-3)

+1=4(+1)-3=4+1

=4-3

+1-=4+1-(4-3)=4

. =4 1 =1

.
.

=1+(-1) 1,.
.
. 7 9, 4
9 16. .

= +6
7 1
+ =16
4 9

+6=9
1
1 +3+1 +8=16

+6=9
1
21 +11=16

3
1
=2


,
,, .:
i.

, 1=, +2=

ii.

=1+(-1)
.

iii.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

79

.
7 2 50
..

2,1, 2, 3,........, 7,50 1=2 9=1+8

50=2+8

8=48

=6.
2,8,14,20,26,32,38,44,50.

.
i.

1, 3,5,...... .
=2

ii.

2, 4,6,...... .
=2 .

.,
i.


. :
.....,-3,-2,-,,+,+2,+3,......

ii.

.
-, +
:
.....,-5,-3,-,+,+3,+5,......

.
) .
20 -560.
) .
4 105.

) : -2,-,,+,+2
-2+-+++++2=20
(-2)(-)(+)(+2)=-560
4(16-2)(16-42)=-560

5=20

=4.

(4-2)(4-)4(4+)(4+2)=-560

16(16-2)(4-2)=-560

(16-2)(4-2)=-35

4-202+99=0.
2= 2-20+99=0

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

80

2
=11 =9
11
=
11
.
2

9
= 3 . =3 =4 -2,1,4,7,10
=-3 =4 10,7,4,1,-2
-2,1,4,7,10

) -3,-,+,+3
-3+-++++3=4 4=4 =1
(-3)(-)(+)(+3)=105 (2-92)(2-2)=105 94-102-104=0

26
2 =
2=4 = 2
9
=2 =1 -5,-1,3,7
=-2 =1 7,3,-1,-5
-5,-1,3,7


: ,

. .

+1

- . :

+1

=1-1


, =1-1

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

81

. 1

0( 0)

0( 0)

. : ,, .
:
2=

, , ,

, , , 0 2 = ,

, ,

.
.
: , ,
, 2 =

,.

4 . ,,, 2= 2=
=.

. :

S =
1

-1
-1

. 1 , :

- - -
1
1 = +1 1 = 1
S =
=
1 -1
-1
-1
-1

-1

(1)
(1)
(2)

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

82

(2) (1) :

, 1, :
: -1,
Sv = 1 1.

.
- , +1

+1

S :
S-1

S =1 +2 +....+-1 +

S =S-1 +

S -S-1

.
.

+1
3
) - =
.
-1
2

. 1,.
) S=2(3-1).
. 1,.

) +1 =
+1
+2
3

+1 = 2
+1

3
-1
2

+2 -1
3
2
+1
3
2

. =

+2
3
.

+2-(+1) -(-1)
3
2

-1
3 2

3
2

3
1=9
2

) -1 S-1=2(3-1-1)

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

83

=S-S-1=2(3 -1)- 2(3 -1)= 2 3

-1

4 +1
3
3
4
3
3

+1

3 .

3 . . =3 1=4.

, ,
.,:

1,2,...., .

. , 1,2,....,,.

1= +2= +2=1+1
+1

=+1

+1 ,

=1-1

.
.

2
9

162 5 ,

1,2,3,4,5
. 1=

7=162

16=162

=3 :

=-3 :

2
9

2
9

7=162 , :

6=162

6=729

2 2
, ,2,6,18,54,162
9 3

2
9

,-

2
3

,2,-6,18,-54,162

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

3.

2
9

, 1,2,3,4,5,162

84

.
() . ,:
1,3,5,....., .

=2.
2,4,6,....., .

=2.
1,2,3,..... . =

.,

., .

2
: .....,
,
, ,,, ,....
3
2

.,

2 .,

3
.....,
,
, ,, ,....
5 3
.
) 3 .
8, 21/8.
) 4 .
64, .

,,

=8

=2

21

2 2 2

=2 =4:

=2 =

1
4

1
2

21
8

2
4 +4+4=21

2
4 -17+4=0

=4 =

1
4

,2,8

: 8,2,

1
2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

1
2

,2,8

85


1. 15 : 7, 15, 23, 31, ..
2. () : 8 = 22 14 = 40.
.
3. 2 92.
20 .
4. 1 = 23, = - 2 = 5.
S.
5. : 1 = 3, = 4 S = 136.
.
6. : 1 = 1, = 25 S = 91. .
7. ( ) :
1 42 + 43 5 = 0
8. . : 4+12=0 7+19=-30.
:
) ,
) =.
9. . 3+4+12=10 13 8.
:
) ,
) 23
) =2.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

86

10. R + 1 2 + 3
1 .
11.
16. .
12. , :3+, 2(-), -5,
.
13. ,, .
(+)2-2 , (+)2-2, (+)2-2.
14. ,, :
+
+

+
+

.. :
2 , 2 , 2
.
15. :
)1+4+7+....+94 )-5-1+3+7+....+135

)-6-9-12-.....-114

16. :
) 50 3.
) 40 5.
) 21 153.
) 5 31 206.
17. . 16 50, 6 11
40. 31 .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

87

18. . 1=45 6+11=0. .


19. . =4 21=316.
.
20. . 6=8 11=23. :
) ,
) 14,
) S=15+16+...+25
21. - : =5-8,
., .
22. N*, ( ) :
S = 22 5, () 1 .
23. N* S = 32 ( ),
() .
24. 6 50 10 ,
.. .
25. . 55,
695.
26. 4 ., 20,

25
24

27. :
) (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) + .. + (x + 60) = 1050
) 1 + 7 + 13 + .. + x = 280, x >0

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

88

28. 20 .
. 1
16 , 7 28 .
) 10 ;
) 4 10 ;
) 6 , 9
, 12 ,
;
) ;
29. 12
1200/m2 100/m2
.
) m2 ;
) 82 m2 ;
) 200 m2,
;
30. . 1=48 5=3. 5 .
31. . 6=-108 3=4. :
)
) 5
32. : 1 = 6, = 2 = 3072. .
33. x R :
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

x 1 ,

5x 1 ,

x 3

89

34. , , 23-2 , ., ,,

0,

, , , ..
35. 7

192,96,48,......
36. :
)5+10+20+....+640
)4-8+16-.....-8192
37. x, , z 147, x, , z
, x, z,
.
38. :
) 3 + 32 + 33 + .. + 3x = 120, x N*
) 1 + x + x2 + x3 + .. + x39 = 0
39. 21
27.
40. - =3 2.
) .
.
) 6 .
41. - = 24-, R .
) .
) 7 127, .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

90

42. 2 486 4 ,
.
43.
42 512.
44. 4
4096 .
45. .
) 10 ,
6 .
)

33 . 10 .
i. 20 .
ii.
;
46.
.
20 .
) 7 ;
) 5 ;
) 7
1000 ,
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

91

47.
.:
)4,2,1,...

)9,-3,1.... )18,12,8,...

48. . 1=18 , ||<1. 3


27, :
)
) .
49. : 1+

50.)

2+|x| (2+|x|)2

x
2
x +1

+.....=

2|x|
3

1
2

x
x
) :
+
2
2
x +1 x +1

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

x
+
2
x +1

3
+......=

2
3

92

:
()
.

,:

y f(x) f .

, y .

=f(A) .

:
f:

f(x)


f:

, :

A
A

( ),
f(x) ( ).

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

93

:f()=+-1-1+......+1+0

, =

: f(x)=

P(x)

() Q(x) ,

Q(x)

/ Q(x)

={

0}

: f(x)= A(x) ,

A= x

/A(x) 0

: f(x)=
:

A= x

1
A(x)

/A(x)>0

:
,
,
.
: :
) f(x)=

x-5
1
3-x-2
) f(x)= 2x-6+x-1 ) f(x)=
) f(x)= x+22
x-3
2x+8
x +2x-3

) 2+2-3
=

-3.

-{-3,1}

) 2-60
[3,+

26

) 3-0

3 2+8>0

2>-8

>-4

-4<3.
=(-4,3].
) +20

-2 -3

3.

=[-2,3)

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

(3,+

).

94



().:
f(x)=

3x-2,

a 1

-x2 +2x+8,

<1

,
,:
=(-

,1]

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

(1,+

)=

95


1. :

3x 2
f ( x)
12 4 x

1
f ( x) 2
x 4

x
3x 6
) f ( x) 3
x 1
x 1
2x 3
4
) f ( x) 2
2
4x 9 x 4x 3
5x 3
x2
) f ( x) 4
) f ( x)
x 27 x
16 x 6 x 2
)

f ( x)

x2 9
f ( x) 2
x 3x 4

2x 3
4

x 3x 4 x 3
5x 3
) f ( x) 3
x 4x2 4x
) f ( x)

2..:
) f ( x)

x2
5x 2
5x 2
) f ( x)
) f ( x)
) f ( x) 4 x 20
x 3
x 13
x 2 2x 1

) f ( x)

x 6

) f ( x)

) f ( x)

x 3

) f ( x)

x 5

x 2 6 x ) f ( x)

x 3
3 x

1
x6
2
) f ( x)
x 2x x 9
2

1
5 x
x3

3.:

2
f(x)= x -4x-5

2
f(x)= 2x -4x+3

2
f(x)= 9-x

f(x)=

f(x)=

x+2
x2 -7x

f(x)=

2x-1
-2x2 +x+6

5-x
2
9x -6x+1

4.:

f(x)=

2
-x +3x+10
x-2

3
f(x)= x2 -x-2+ -x2 +2x+15

3 2
x +2x-3
f(x)=
x2 -16

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

f(x)=

-x2 -3x+10
x2 +4x+3

96

5. :

f(x)=

2x-5,

x 0

-x2 +3, x 0

) f;
) :
)f(-3) )f

5
2

)f(-1) )f(0) )f

1
2

)f( - 3 ).

6. :

3x-1,
x<1
f(x)= -x+3 1 x 2
0
x 2
a) f ;
) :
f(-1), f

1
2

, f(5), f(2).

7. f(x)=x2-4x+5.
) f;
) :
)f(-2)

)f(0) )f(5).

) :
)f(-3a)

)f(2a2) )f(a-)

) f(x)=2
8. :

f(x)=ax- x+3
f(6)=9.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

97

a)Na f.
) f(-2) f(13).
9. f:

:
f(x+2)=3f(2)-2(x-3)

. :

) f(2)
) f() .
10. f:

:
f(2-1)=42-6 -f(3)

. :

) f(3)
) f() .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

98

-
: yy
y,
, .

yy .

(,) ,
.

yy xy
.

y=0,
(,0).

yy =0,
(0,y).

(x,y) ,:

y=0

yy =0.


(0,0).

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

99

4 ,
:

(,y) :

1 , ,y>0.

2 , <0 y>0.

3 , ,y<0.

4 , >0 y<0.


(,) ,:

(-,) yy.

(,-) .

(-,-) (0,0).

(,)
y=x.

A
(1,y1) (2,y2) , (
) :
= (x2 -x1 )2 +(y2 -y1 )2

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

100


1. (2+4,3-) .
.
2.
: )( a 2 9 , a 2 2a 3 ) )(||-2, a 2 5a 6 )
)( |2-5|-3 ,|-3|-2).
3. (3,5) (-1,2)

(-1,-2)

:) ) yy ) )
1 3 .
4. (2-7,3-y) (-5,1). ,y ,
: ) ) yy )
) 1 3 .
5. :
)(2,4) (5,8) )(-3,-4) (3,4) )(-5,1) (7,6) )(-7,-3) (-3,0)
6. (-1,-2) (,1) =5.
7. (1,4) ,(5,2) (-2,-2)
.
8. (-2,3) (1,5).
) .
) .
) .
9. (2,6) 10.
10. yy (-2,1)

13 .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

101


: f A

y, (,f(x)),
f.
H f Cf.
: (,) f
, : f()=
;
f
f(x). f
. (
) f .
. (
).

:
y=f(x) y=0 f(x)=0
( ) .

yy:
y=f(x) =0. y=f(0)
.
: 0 ,
yy.

:
Cf , yy
( ).
Cf f(x)>0 k f(x)<0.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

102

. ) f(x)=2x-4.
)
:
)

: f(x)=0

2x-4=0

2x=4

x=2.A (2,0).

yy: =0 f(0)=-4.A
yy B(0,-4).

) Cf f(x)>0

2x-4>0

2x>4

x>2.

Cf f(x)<0

2x-4<0

2x<4

x<2.

f (2,+
(-,

2).


f,g Cf,Cg ,:

f(x)=g(x), Cf,Cg .

f(x)>g(x), Cf Cg.

f(x)<g(x), Cg Cf.

.
f(x)=x2+8x-12

g(x)=-x2+2x+8.

f(x)=g(x)

x2+8x-12=-x2+2x+8

2x2+6x-20

x=2 =-5 .
=2 f(2)=8 =-5 f(-5)=-27
(2,8)
(-5,-27).

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

103


1.
:
) f ( x) 2 3 4 ) f ( x) | 2 x 5 | ) f ( x)

x6
x 5
) f ( x) 3
x2
x

) f ( x) 4 x ) f ( x) | x 1| | 2 x |
2. :
f(x)=

2x-6,
x 2
2
x -3x-10, x<2

:
) f.
) f .
3.

:
)f(x)=|-2|-|2+1| )f(x)=4-52+4

)f(x)=5+272

)f(x)=5-16.

4. :
f(x)=

(2,-

a
3a
2
x -1 x+1

2
). :
3

) .
) .
) .
5.

f ( x) 2 x 5 g ( x) x 3 .

: ) C f , C g ) :
) C g ) C f C g .
6. f ( x) | x 2 | 5 . : ) C f
. ) C f : )
) .

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104

7. :
f(x)=x2-x+2

g(x)=x2+x+8

Cf 2, Cg
(-2,2). :
) .
) Cf Cg.

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105

f(x)=ax+
:

=0, .

: 00<180

:
.
(1,y1) (2,y2) ,
:
=

y2 -y
1
x2 -x1

f(x)=ax+

A - ,0 .

yy (0,).

=0 f(x)=
.

(>0)

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(<0)

( =0)

106

y=0 .

f(x)=ax

(0,0).

=.

y=ax+.

=1 (=45 ) y=x
.
=-1 (=135 ) y=-x
.


1:y=a1x+1 2:y=a2x+2 , :

1=2 .

1=2 1=2 .

12 =-1 .

) , 1:y=(22+4)-7 2:y=(2+4)+13

.
) , 1:y=(+1)-3 2:y=

-2
2

+4 .

) 22+4=2+4
) +1

-2
2

=-1

2-4+4=0
(+1)(-2)=-2

=0 =1

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=2
2--2=-2

2-=0

(-1)=0

107


1. y=(+2) +2+8 .
) ) .
2. y=(2-6)+-1 .
) ) .
3. y=(3-)++1 450 .
) ) .
4. :

5
2 1

x2

)f(x)=

)f()=||-2

x2

2 2 x 3
2 x 8 x 3

) f ( x)

)f()=|+2| -|-1|

5. :
) :y=(3-5)+2 :y=4-1

): y=(-3)-1 :y=(5-)+4

): y=( 2 4 ) -7 : y=(+10)+21 ): y=(-3)+2 : y=(43)


) : y=|+2|-1 : y=-5

) : y=|-3|-2 : y=|3+7|

6. :
) :y=(+1) : y=(+3)-2 ) :y=(+8) : y=(+8) -4
): y=(-1) -2 : y
) : y= 2 2 4

2
3
6 ): y=(-2)-1 : y=
2
3

: y= 3 4 5 .

7. : y=(+3)+5 : y=(+8)+2+1.
: ) ).
8. :
)(-4,0) (0,2) )(0,-2) (3,1) )(0,3) (2,1) )(0,-1) (4,-1)

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108

9. :
) :y=-3+2 (2,-1)
) :y=2+5 (2,-13).
10. :y=2+7
(-4,-1).

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109

-

f,:

f(x)=(x)+c, c>0,
c .( 1)

f(x)=(x)-c, c>0,
c .( 2)

( 1)

( 2)


f,:

f(x)=(x-c), c>0,
c .( 3)

f(x)=(x+c), c>0,
c .( 4)

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110

( 3)

( 4)

:
f, :

f(x)=(x+c)+d, c,d>0
c
d .

f(x)=(x+c)-d, c,d>0
c
d .

f(x)=(x-c)+d, c,d>0
c
d .

f(x)=(x-c)-d, c,d>0
c
d .

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111

1. f
, 1,2 :
1<2, f(1)<f(2)
f ,
( ), .
( 1)
2. f
, 1,2 :
1<2, f(1)>f(2)
f ,
( ), .
( 2)

( 1)

( 2)

3.
.

1,2 1<2
f(1),f(2) ( ).

f(1)-f(2)
1,2 1<2
f(1)-f(2).
f(1)-f(2)>0,

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112

f(1)-f(2)<0, ( ).


1,2 1
=

f(x1 )-f(x2 )
.
x1 -x2

>0, f .
<0, f . ( )

: :
) f(x)=2- x-5
) f(x)=

)f(x)=x2+4x-5 (-2,+

3x+1
( x-2

,2).

) f. 5-0
=(-

,5]

1,2( <
1 2

- >-
1 2

,5] 1<2 f(1)-f(2).

5- >5-
1
2

5- > 5-
1
2

- 5- <- 5-
1
2

f(1 )<f(2 ) f =(-

) 1,2(- 2,+

2- 5- <2- 5-
1
2

,5].

) 1<2

f(1)-f(2):
f(1)-f(2)=12+4x1-5 -( 22+4x2-5 )= 12- 22+4x1-4x2=( 1-2)( 1+2)+4(1-2)=
( 1-2)( 1+2+4). :

1<2

1-2<0(1)

1,2(- 2,+

) 1>-2 2>-2 1+2>-4

1+2+4>0(2)
(1),(2)

( 1-2)( 1+2+4)<0

f(1)-f(2)<0

f (-2,+

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

).

f(1)<f(2).

113

) 1,2( -

,2) 1

f(x1 )-f(x2 )
=
x1 -x2

3x +1 3x +1
1 - 2
(3x1 +1)(x2 -2)-(3x2 +1)(x1 -2)
x -2 x -2
(x1 -2)(x2 -2)
1
2
=
=
x 1 -x2
x -x
1 2

7x2 -7x1
-7(x 1 -x2 )
3x1x2 -6x1 +x2 -2-3x1 x2 +6x2 -x1 +2
=
=
=
(x1 -2)(x2 -2)(x 1 -x2 ) (x1 -2)(x2 -2)(x 1 -x2 )
(x1 -2)(x2 -2)(x1 -x2 )
-7
. 1<2
(x1 -2)(x2 -2)

1-2<0

2<2

<0 f (

2-2<0 (1-2)( 2-2) >0.


-,2).

:
1 2,
1 2 .
:

f 1 2,
1 2.

f 1 2,
1 2.

(,) (,) ,
(,)

(,) :

1(,) 2(,) f(x1)<f(x2).

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

114

A
:
1. f 0,
f(x)f(x0) 0
f(x0) f.

2. f 0,
f(x)f(x0) 0
f(x0) f.



, :

f(x)M f(x) .

f(x)=M f(x)= ,
.

. f(x)=
1.

H f =
:

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

2x
-1
2
x +1

115

f(x)

2x
2
x +1

-1

2x
+1
2
x +1

-1

2
2x+x +1
2
x +1

2
(x+1)
2
x +1

E f (x )

2x
2
x +1

2x
2
x +1

2
2x-x -1
2
x +1

2
-(x-1)
2
x +1


:
f(x)=-1

2x
=-1
2
x +1

f (x )=1

2x
=1
2
x +1

2x
+1=0
2
x +1
2x
2
x +1

1=0

2
2x+x +1
=0
2
x +1
2
2x-x -1
=0
2
x +1

2
(x+1)
=0
2
x +1

2
(x+1) =0

x=-1

2
-(x-1)
=0
2
x +1

2
-(x-1) =0

x=1

f =-1 -1 =1
1.


:
1) f ,:

f(-x)=f(x) .

2) f ,:

f(-x)=f(x) .

,
0. :

(-,)

[-,]

(-

(-

,-) (,+
,-] [,+

)
)

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

116

(-,-)

(,)

[-,-]

[,]

a ,a

,
yy.
,
.

;
,
:

0,
.

f(-x),
:
f(-x)=f(x), f ,
f(-x)=-f(x), f .
f(-x)

f(x) f(-x)

-f(x) .

: ,
) -
f(-x)

) f(-x)

-f(x).

, .

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

f(x)

117


1.
:
f(x)=|x|

, g(x)=|x|+2

, h(x)=|x|-2

2.
:
f(x)=|x|

, g(x)=|x-2|

, h(x)=|x+2|

3.
:
a)f(x)=|x| g(x)=|x+2|+1
)f(x)=|x| g(x)=|x-1|-2.
4. :
) f ( x) x3 5x ) f ( x) 2 x x ) f ( x) 12 3x 4 x ) f ( x) 4 x 3
5. f

i)f(x-4) f(3x) ii)f(|x|) f(2).


6. f

)f(|-2|) f(4) )f(|2-3|) f(5).


7. :
) f ( x) 3x2 2

f ( x) 5 2( x 1)

) f ( x) 1 x 2 ) f ( x) 2 x 4 6

) f ( x) 3( x 5)2 11

8. f(x)=

2
4x -4x+5
2
. f
2
3
4x +3

2.
9. :
2
) f ( x) x 4 2 x 2 ) f ( x) x3 3x ) f ( x) 5 x 4 x ) f ( x) x x

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

118

x2 x

) f ( x) 3
) f ( x) x 3 x 3
x 9x
x2 4
2x 4 x 1
) f ( x)
) f ( x) x 2 4 x 2 x 2 4 x 4

x 3 x 3
) f ( x)

10. f :

f ( y x) f ( y) f ( x) x, y

) f(0) ) .

11. f :
x, y

f ( y x) f ( y x) 2 f ( x) f ( y)

. ) f(0) ) .

12. f:

. :
g(x)=xf(x)-|f(x)|

.
13. f:

. :
g(x)=f(f(x))-x4f(x)

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119

7

f(x)=ax2

: =
: ,
yy.

: ([0,+

,0]

).

: =0 f(0)=0.

:
,

f(x)

A ,

f(x)

: f(x)=ax ,
(0.0) .

f(x)=-ax2

: =
: ,
yy.

: ([0,+

,0]

).

: =0 f(0)=0.

:
,

f(x)

A ,

f(x)

: f(x)=ax ,
(0.0) .

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120

f(x)=ax2 g(x)=-ax2

|| yy (
)

f(x)=

a
>0
x

: =(-

,0)

(0,+

: ,
(0,0).
: y=x y=-x

: ((0,+

,0)

).

: .

:
,

f(x)

A ,
f(x)

0.

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121


( ,
).
0 ,

, f(x)

0 ,

0 , f(x)


( ,
).

: f(x)= a >0
x

, , 1
3 .

f(x)=

a
>0
x

: =(-

,0)

(0,+

: ,
(0,0).
: y=x y=-x

: ((0,+

,0)

).

: .

:
,

f(x)

A ,
f(x)

0.

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122


( ,
).
0 ,

, f(x)

0 ,

0 , f(x)


( ,
).

: f(x)=-

a
x

>0

,
, 2 4 .

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123


1.Na , :
)f(x)=(8-2)2 .
)f(x)=(||-3)2 .
2. , :
)f(x)=(3-)x2 (-

,0].

)f(x)=(||-1)2 [0,+

).

)f(x)=(2+3+2)2 (

-,0]

)f(x)=(62+7+1)2 [0,+

3. , :
a) f(x)=

3+6

) f(x)=

2 5-14

(-

) f(x)=

42 4+1

(0,+

) f(x)=

(0,+

2 4+10
(

).

,0).

,0).

4. , :
) f(x)=

1-|+3|
1 3 .

) f(x)=

2 +4+3
2 4 .

5. :
a)f(x)=x2

g(x)=x2+1 h(x)=(x-1)2

)f(x)=-x2 g(x)=-x2-2

h(x)=-(x+1)2

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124

6. :
a) f(x)=

4
x

g(x)=

4
x

-3

h(x)=

4
x+1

7. :

f(x)=

|a-1|-1
x

(-2,-1) g(x)=ax2 .
) .
) f g.
8. :
2x -2 x<1

f(x)= 2
x

x 1

) f.
) .
)
.
9. :
x2

f(x)= 1
x

x [-2,1)
x [1,+

) f .
)
.

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

125

f(x)=ax2+x+ >0

: =-

: (-

,-

.
2

]
2

,+ ).
2

: = f()= .
2
2
4

To K(,) .
2 4

- :

[-

: ,
f(x)=ax2+x+ >0
:

yy: (0,)
. f(x)=x2-4x+3.

: =

: =-

: ( [2,+

,2]

-4
==2
2
21

).

: =2 f(2)=-1

To K(2,-1)

:
: y=0 f(x)=0
x2-4x+3=0

x=1 =3

(1,0) (3,0).
yy: =0 f(0)=3.
(0,3).

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126

f(x)=ax2+x+ <0

: =-

: (-

,-

]
2

.
2

,+ ).
2

: = f()= .
2
2
4

To K(,) .
2 4

- :

[-

: ,
f(x)=ax2+x+ >0
:

www.georgefrang-math-trip.blogspot.com

127

. f(x)=-x2-2x+3

: =-

: (-

,-1]

=-1
2

[-1,+ ).

: = f(-1)=4.
2
To K(-1,4) .

:
: y=0
f(x)=0

-x2-2x+3=0

x=1 =-3

(1,0) (-3,0).
yy: =0 f(0)=3.
(0,3).

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128

.
1. :
)f(x)=x2+4x-2
) f(x)=-x2+6x-4
) f(x)=-4x2+4x-1
2.Na
:
) f(x)=x2-2x-3
) f(x)=2x2+4x+3
) f(x)=-3x2-4
3. f(x)=x2-6x+5.
a)Na .
) .
) .
) .
4. f(x)=-2x2+8x-6.
a)Na .
) .
) .
) .
5. f(x)=x2++ (3,-5).
.
6. f(x)=2+(+2)-2(2-1) =-1.
) ,
) .
7. f(x)=-2+(+2)-2 . :
) ,
) .
8. , :
f(x)=x2+(-2)x-+1
:
)
)yy.

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129

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