:

.


.

: 1991
: 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2012
.



. , . , .
. , .



.
(2010)
, . , . , . , .
. .
:
,
(2010), . , . , . , .
. . (2010), (2010).
:
1
, ,
. ,
.
2
, ,
, .
3
. , ,
. .
4

.
5 ,
.


1 :
1.1 ........................................................................9
1.2 ...............................................................24

2:
2.1 -- .............................30
2.2 - ............................40

3:
3.1 ...................................................49
3.2 ...........................................60
3.3 1 .......................................................65
3.4 ...................................................73
3.5 .............................................83
3.6 ............................89
3.7 2........................................97
3.8 ...................103
3.9 f(x)=x+x...................................................108
3.10 ........................................................................ 114
4: -
4.1 ...................................................................................128
4.2 .................................................................132
4.3 ......................................140
4.4 ........150
5:
5.1 .....................................................................160
5.2 ....................................................................................173
5.3 ...............................................................181
. ........................................................193
- ....................................195

1.1
x + y =

x + y = , 0 0,
, .
:
:
0, , :

x + y = y =x +

y = x + ,

y'y .

x+y=, 0

x+y=, =0

:
9 0, (. ),

10

1:

x'x y'y

(. ).
y

= 0 ( 0 ),

x+y=, =0
x = x = .

0
x
y'y

x'x .

y :
y

1
y= x1
2
9 x 2y =
2
1 x+y=, =0

y
x 1
=
2
1
y
y =
0
2
1
2
0
x
y=
x1
2 y'y 1 .
-1

9 = 0 , y =

1
y= x1
0
2
x
2
9 y=2
-1
x'x y'y 2 .
0
2
x
-1

2
y

y=2

20

y=2

0
y

9 x=2
y'y x'x 2.

y
0

x=2

2x=2

0
2
.

1.1

11

, (4,-1) x 2y =
6,
4 2(1) = 4 + 2 = 6. , , (16,5),
(10, 8)
1

k, k 3 , k .
2

2 x 2
x+y= x+y=
, , ,
2 x 2
x + y =

' x + ' y = '

.
.

.
.

:

.
() (') , .. (),
() + ' ( ') , () 0, (')
'.
() + ' ( ')
() (').

1o :
9 0, : = =
9 = = , + = +.
, , :
6 (1)
x 2y =

8 (2)
3x + 4y =

12

1:

,
(
)

, .. (1)
x.
x 2y + 6
=

8
3x + 4y =
x

3(2y + 6) + 4y =8 6y + 18 + 4y =8
10y =
10
y =1

x 2y + 6
=

y = 1
y
:
x = 2(1) + 6 = 4
(4, 1).

,
.
, .

, x = 4 y = 1, :
1 : 4 2(1) = 6
2 : 3 4 + 4(1) = 12 4 = 8
( )
,

:

1.1

13

= 6 (3)
18
x 2y
3x + 6y =

8
3x + 4y = 8 1
3x + 4y =


, , :

3x + 6y + 3x + 4y =18 + 8 10y =10 y =1 .

:

x 2(1) = 6 x + 2 = 6 x = 4 .

(4, 1) ( ).
2 x 2

6
x 2y =

8
3x + 4y =
.
, .
y
3x+4y=8
O

x2y=6
A(4, 1)

,
x + y =

' x + ' y = '

, , .
2 x 2
. ,
2 x 2 ,
, ,
.

14

1:

2 x 2
.
:
2

y=
x +1

3
2x + 3y =

4x

9y
=
1
4
1

=
y
x

9
9
,
.

y
,
2
1

1

(1, 0,3) .
,
x
1
0
(1, 1 ) .
3
3
x + 2y =
9

5
2x + 4y =
1
3

y
x
=

2
2
, ,

1
5
y =
x

2
4

.
y + 1 =2x
9

4x

2y
=
2

=
y 2x 1

,
y 2x 1
=

y
1
0

x
2

1
2

,
.
(k, 2k 1), k .

1.1

15

, 2 x 2
:
9
9
9 .
2 x 2
2 x 2 .


x + y =

' x + ' y = '

0 0. :

x+
(1 )
y =

'
'
y =
( 2 )
x+

'
'
1 2 '
1 = 2 =
'

'
, ' ' 0 , 1 2

'
,

'
'
'

'
x + x =
x+ =
'
'

'
'

( ' ' )x = ' '

' '
x=
' '
:
' ' '+ '+ ' '

y=
+ =
' '
( ' ' )
=

( ' ' )
( ' ' )

16

1:

y =

' '
' '

, ,
' ' ' '
(x, y) =
,

' ' ' '

'
=
, - =0 , 1 2

'
, .
.
=0 ' =0.

x + y =

' x + ' y = '
:

' ' 0
' ' ' '
(x, y) =
,

' ' ' '

' ' = 0 .
' ' ,


D=
' '

:

D=
= ' ' .

' '
D, x
, :


Dx =
= ' ' .

' '
, D, y , :


Dy =
= ' ' .
' '

1.1

17

, , :

x + y =

' x + ' y = '

D
Dx
y = y
D
D
D=0, .
D0, , (x,y) x =

:
6
x 2y =
9

8
3x + 4y =
1 2
D=
=1 4 3(2) = 4 + 6 =10 0,

3 4
.

1 6
6 2
8 18 =
10
Dx =
= 24 + 16 = 40 D y = =

3 8
8 4
:
=
x

D y 10
D x 40
=
= 1 .
= = 4 y =
D
10
D 10

, (x, y)
= (4, 1) .
40
2x 3y =
9

80
4x 6y =
2 3
D=
=
2(6) 4(3) =
12 + 12 =
0
4 6
.
2,
40
2x 3y =
,

40
2x 3y =

40.
2x 3y =

2x 40
2x 3y = 40 y =
.

3

18

1:

2k 40
k,
, k
3

11
3x + y =
9

6
9x + 3y =
3 1
= 99 = 0
9 3

.

11
3x + y =

2
3x + y =
.
D=

x y = 1
2

x 2y =

, .
,

. ,
.
, .
D, Dx, Dy. :
D=

Dx =
Dy =

= 2 + 2 = ( 2)

1 1
= 2( 1) + = 2

2
1

= 2 2 ( 1) = 2 (1 + 1) = 2 (2 )

1.1

19

, D = 0 . :

D = 0 ( 2)= 0 =0 =2
:
9 D0, 0 2,
(x, y), :
Dx
( 2)
2
1
=
=
x
= =

D ( 2) ( 2)

D y 2 (2 ) 2 ( 2)

y=
=
=
= .
D
( 2)
( 2)
, 0 2 ,
1
, .

9 D = 0 , = 0 = 2 ,
. :
= 0 ,
1
0x y =1 y =

2y 0 =
0x =
y 0
.
= 2 ,
2x y 1
2x y 1
=
=

2y 2
=
y 1
4x=
2x
. ,

2x y =1 y = 2x 1 ,

( k, 2k 1) ,

k .

3 x 3
x+y+z=0 , , , ,
.

.
2x+3y+z=6 (2, 1,5) , 22+3(1)+5=6.

20

1:

:
1x + 1 y + 1z = 1 , 2 x + 2 y + 2 z = 2 3 x + 3 y + 3 z = 3
, , ,
3 x 3
1x + 1 y + 1z = 1

2 x + 2 y + 2 z = 2
x + y + z =
3
3
3
3

2 x 2 .


(1)
2x y + 3z =9

10
(2)
x + 3y z =
3x + y z =
8
(3)

.
, .. (3) z, . :
3x + y z = 8 z = 3x + y 8

(4)
(1) (2) :
9 2x y + 3z =9 2x y + 3(3x + y 8) =9 11x + 2y =15
9 x + 3y
z = 10 x + 3y (3x + y 8) = 10 x + y = 1

(5)
(6)

(5), (6)
15
11x + 2y =
,

1
x + y =
x=1 y=2 .
x y (4) z = 3.
(1, 2, 3).

3 x 3, ,
2 x 2, 3 x 3
.

1.1

21

4
x y =
1.
2
x + y =
i)
ii) .
2.

x y
x 1 y 2
=
=

i) ii)
4
7 8
3
x + y =
4x + 3y =
45
8
3. :

x 5 2y + 1
0
2 + 7 + 2 =
i)

ii)
x + 6 y 6 =
8
3
2

y+2
2x 1
3 = 4 4

x + 3 3 =x y
2
3

4. :

3
x 3y =

i) ii)
x
3 y =2

2y= x + 2

1
0
2 x y + 1 =

5. :

7
= 3x 8
2x + y =
2y
i) ii)
4
0
3x 5y =
x + 3y + 1 =
6. ,
.

4
11
40
2x 5y =
3x + y =
2x 3y =
i)
ii)
iii)

100
2
80
6x + 7y =
9x 3y =
4x 6y =
7. :
( 3 + 1)x + 4y =
7

2
( 3 1)x + 2y =

i) ii)
1

1
x + ( 3 1)y =
x + ( 3 + 1)y =1 3
2

22

1:

8. :
y

x
+
2 = 3

2
3x 2y =11
5x y + 3 = 4

i) 2x

iii) 3x + y + = 5
5y 2 =3 ii) x 3y + = 2
5x + y 2 =33
3x 2y + 2 = 2
2

5x + 3y 2 =16

1. i)

1 2 .
ii) 1 2
;

2
1

O
1

2. 26 ,
68 .
;
3. 1,5
4. 2200 5050 .
.
4. R T
R =T + . 20 C
0,4 80 C 0,5 ,
.
5. ,
50%
80% .
100 ml 68% ;
3 2 : x + 2y =
, .
6. 1 : 2x + 4y =
i) 1 2 .
ii) ;
iii) ;

1.1

23

7. :
i) 1 : x + y = 2

2 : x + y =1.

ii) 3 : x y =

2 : x + y =1.

8. :
( 1)x 2y =1
i)
,
4x ( + 1)y = 2

( 2)x + 5y =5
ii)
,
x + ( + 2)y =5
3

9.
1 2 =6 , O1O3 = 5
O2O3 = 7 .
.
10.

, . N
= x , B = y = z , , .

11. .
50% , 10% 30% .
52 lit 32% , . .
12. , y = x 2 + x + . .

y

y=g(x)

y=f(x)

K(2, 1)

K(1,4)

y=h(x)

24

1:

1.2

, .
, 13
89.
x, y , x + y =
13 x 2 + y 2 =.
89 , :
13 (1)
x + y =
2
2
89 (2)
x + y =
:
(1), , .. x ,
(2).

x + y = 13 y = 13 x

2
2
2
2
x + (13 x) = 89 x + 169 26x + x = 89
0
2x 2 26x + 80 =

(3).

0.
x 2 13x + 40 =
2 = 9 . :

8
13 3

=
x =
2
5

(3), x=8 y=5 , x=5 y=8.

(8, 5) (5, 8).
5
8.
, ,
.

5 (1)
x + y =
1
.
(2)
xy = 6

1.2

25

(1) x (2). :
x + y = 5 y = 5 x


(3).

xy =6 x(5 x) =6
5x x 2 =
6
x 2 5x + 6 =
0
=
x 2 =
x 3.
(3) x=2 y=3 , x=3 y=2 .
(2, 3) (3, 2) .


5 6. ,
Vieta
2 5 + 6 = 0 .
2 3
(2,3) (3,2).

x+y=5 , xy=6
6
y = . x
.

A
1
O 1

B
x

26

1:

(2,3) (3,2) .
(2,3) (3,2) .
2
(1)
xy = 6
2
2
13 (2)
x + y =

(1) x (2).
6
xy = 6 y = x
(2) :
2
x 2 + y 2 = 13 x 2 + 6 = 13

x
36
x2 + 2 =
13
x
x 4 + 36 =
13x 2
x 4 13x 2 + 36 =
0
. x 2 = ,
2 13 + 36 = 0 , =9 =4 .
9 =9 2
x =9 x =3

x = 3
(1) x=3 y=2 x = 3 .
9 = 4
x 2 = 4 x = 2 x = 2
(1) x=2 y=3 x = 2 y = 3 .
(3,2), (3, 2), (2,3) (2, 3).

6
, x
2
2
x + y =
13 (0,0) = 13 .

xy = 6 y =

1.2

27

.
y

1
B

x 2 + y 2 + xy =
3
1. :
.
1
x + y =
2. :
y = 3x 2
x 2 + y2 =
x 2 + y2 =
9
5
i)
ii)
iii)
4
0
x y =
xy = 2
12x 3y =
.
1
3. S =0 t + t 2 = 0 + t ,
2
+ 0
=
S
t .
2

2
x=
2y + 10
1. o 2
x + y2 =
25

28

1:

2xy y 2 5y =
0
2. :
2
y = x 4x + 3
3. 120cm2 .
3cm , 2cm ,
. .
2x + k, k . 4. y = x 2 y =
k .
2y = x 2

5. o
y= x +

.
1
I. :
1
x y =
1
1
2
x + 2y =
x + y =
2x + 4y =
( 4 ) :
(1 ) :
( 3 ) :
( 2 ) :
2

1,
4,
0,
x + 2y =
x + 2y =
2x + 4y =
x + y =1

, , .
) , ) , ) .

(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
II. ,
,
.
1.
, .
A

2. D = 0 ,
.

xy = 1
.

3.
0
x + y =
4. x 2 + y 2 =
1 =
y x 2 + 1
.
A

 2


.
.
2.1 --

T = f (t)
t
(t =0)
(t =24).
11

T(C)

T=f(t)
5
3

16

24 t(h)

) [4,16]
.
11

T(C)

T=f(t)
5
f(t1)

t1

f(t2)

t2

16

24 t(h)

2.1 --

31

, , , t1 , t 2 [4,16] t1 < t 2 :
f (t1 ) < f (t 2 )
T = f (t )
[4,16] . :

f , x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :
f (x1 ) < f (x 2 )

f
f .
, f (x)
= 2x 3 .
x1 , x 2 R
, x1 < x 2 . :
x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2
2x1 3 < 2x 2 3
f (x1 ) < f (x 2 )

f (x) = x + , > 0 .
) , [16,24]
.
T(C)

T=f(t)
f(t1)

f(t2)

16

t1

t2

24 t(h)

32

2:

, , , t1 , t 2 [16, 24] t1 < t 2 :

f (t1 ) > f (t 2 )
T = f (t )
[16,24]. :

f
, x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 :
f (x1 ) > f (x 2 )

f
f
, f (x) =
2x + 5 .
x1 , x 2 , x1 < x 2 . :
x1 < x 2 2x1 > 2x 2
2x1 + 5 > 2x 2 + 5
f (x1 ) > f (x 2 )
:
f (x) = x + , < 0 .

.

T = f (t).

11

T(C)

T=f(t)
5
3

16

24 t(h)

2.1 --

33

:
) t1 = 4
, f (4) = 3 . :
f (t) f (4) =
3 , t [0, 24]
T = f (t) t = 4 , f (4) = 3 . :

f, ,
x 0 A () :
f (x) f (x 0 ) , x A
x 0 A , f (x 0 )
f min f (x) .
, f (x)
= 3x 4 + 1 .

x 4 0 , x ,

3x 4 0 , x ,

3x 4 + 1 1 , x .
:
f (x) f (0) , x .
, f x 0 = 0 , f (0) = 1
) t 2 = 16
, T(16)=11 . :

f (t) f (16) =
11 , t [0, 24]
T =f (t) t =16
, f (16)=11. :

f, ,
x 0 A () :
f (x) f (x 0 ) , x A

34

2:

x 0 A , f (x 0 ) f max f ( x) .
, f (x) =
3x 4 + 1 .
x 4 0 , x ,

3x 4 0 , x ,

3x 4 + 1 1 , x .

f (x) f (0) , x

, f x 0 = 0 , f (0) = 1 .
() ()
.

(. ) (. )
(. ) (. ).

y
y=f(x)

y=f(x)
1

y=f(x)

1 y=f(x)
x

2.1 --

35

) Cf f . Cf
y'y,
Cf
y'y Cf .

y
y

f(x) f(x)

x O

Cf

, , M(x, y) Cf
y'y M '( x, y) M(x, y)
M '( x, y) Cf , y = f (x) y = f (x) , :
f ( x) =
f (x)
f . :

f, , ,
x A :
f (x)
x A f ( x) =

yy.
, f (x) = 2x 4 x 2 + 1 ,
x :

f ( x) = 2( x) 4 ( x) 2 + 1 = 2x 4 x 2 + 1 = f (x)

, y'y .

) Cf f
.
Cf
, Cf Cf .

Cf

y
x

f(x)

f(x)

36

2:

, , M(x, y) Cf
M '( x, y) M(x, y)
M '( x, y) Cf , y = f ( x) y = f ( x),
:
f ( x) =
f (x)
f . :

f, , ,
x A :
x A f ( x) =
f (x)

.
= 2x 3 x ,
, f (x)
x :

f ( x) =
2( x)3 ( x) =
2x 3 + x =
f (x)
,
.
:
y = x 2 ,
y = x 4 , y = x 6 ., ,
y'y , , y = x , y = x 3 , y = x 5 .,
, ,
.

f
[6,6].

f :

2.1 --

37

) f :
i) ,
ii) ,
iii) .
) f , .
y

f ,
y'y . ,
y'y f, f,
().
A

6 5

:
) f :
i) [0,2] [5,6],
ii) [2, 0]
[6, 5],
[0,2] [5,6] f .
iii) [5, 2] [2,5]
.

38

2:

) f 4 x
6 6. :
max f (x) = f (6) = f (6) = 4
f 0 x
0. :
min f (x) = f (0) = 0.

1) :
)

) .
y

y=f(x)

y
y=g(x)

y=h(x)
x

2) , .
3) :
i) f (x) = x 2 6x + 10 x=3.
2x
x=1.
ii) g(x) = 2
x +1
4)
:
i) f1 (x)
= 3x 2 + 5x 4 ii) f 2 (x)
= 3 x +1

x2
3
5
iv) f 4 (x)
= x 3x v) f 5 (x) =
1+ x

iii) f 3 (x)= x + 1
vi) f 6 (x) =

2x
.
x2 +1

2.1 --

39

5) :
i) f1 (x) =

1
x

1
iv) f 4 (x) = 2 x
x +1
x+

ii) f 2 (x)
=

x2

iii) f 3 (x) = x 1 x + 1

v) f 5 (x) =

vi) f 6 (x)
=

1 x2 .

6)
.
y

y=f(x)

y=g(x)
x

y=h(x)

7)
y

y=f(x)

y=g(x)

y=h(x)

8)
)
y

) .

y
C1

y
C3

C2
x

40

2:

2.2 -

) f (x)= x + 1 .
x + 1, x < 0
,
f (x) =
x + 1, x 0
y
f (x)= x + 1 , y=|x|+1

1
9 y = x + 1 , x 0

9 y= x + 1 , x 0 ,
1
y'y

y=|x|

1
1

x'

xOy
, ,
x 'Oy
(x) =
x ().
, (x) =
x (1)
1 ,
f (x)= x + 1 . , , ,
:
f (x) =
(x) + 1 , x ,
x f (x) 1
(x) .
:
f , :
f (x) =
(x) + c , c > 0 ,

c ( )
(1)

y'y .

2.2 -

41

y
c

y=(x)+c

c
x

O
y=(x)

) f (x)= x 1 .
x 1, x < 0
f (x) =
,
x 1, x 0

f (x)= x 1 ,

y=|x|

9 y = x 1 , x 0

1
1

9 y= x 1 , x 0 ,
O 1
y=|x|1
x
1
1
y'y
xOy

x 'Oy
(x) =
x ().
x , (x) =
1 ,
f (x)= x 1. , , , :
f (x) =
(x) 1 , x ,
x f (x) 1
(x).
:
f , :
f (x) =
(x) c , c > 0 ,

c ( )

42

2:

y
y=(x)
O
c

y=(x)c

) f (x)= x 1 .
x + 1, x < 1
f (x) =
,
x 1, x 1

f (x)= x 1 ,

9 y = x + 1 , x 1
9 y= x 1 , x 1 ,

y
1

y=|x|
1

1
y=|x|1

1
x'x O
x

xOy

x 'Oy
(x) =
x ().
, (x) =
x (2)
1 ,
f (x)= x 1 . , , ,

f (x) =
(x 1) , x ,
f (x)= x 1 x
(x) =
x x 1.
(2)

x'x .

2.2 -

43

:
f :
f (x) =
(x c) , c > 0 ,

c ( ).
f (x) =
(x c) , f x
x c , c
x. , f c
( ).

y
c

c
Cf

C
(x-c)

f(x)

c
xc

) f (x)= x + 1 .
x 1, x < 1
,
f (x) =
x + 1, x 1

f (x)= x + 1 ,
y=|x|
1

9 y = x 1 , x 1
1
9 y= x + 1 , x 1 ,
y=|x+1|
1
x'x 1

xOy

x 'Oy

y
1
1

(x) =
x ().
, (x) =
x 1 , -

44

2:

f (x)= x + 1 . , , ,

f (x) =
(x + 1) , x ,
f (x)= x + 1 x
(x) =
x x +1.
:
f , :
f (x) =
(x + c) , c > 0 ,

c ( ).
(x + c) , f x
f (x) =
x + c , c
x. , f c
( ).
y

Cf

C
c

f(x)

=(x+c)

c
O

x+c

f (x) = x + 3 + 2 .

y= x + 3 , y = x 3 . y = x + 3 + 2 ,
y= x + 3 2
.

2.2 -

,
f (x) = x + 3 + 2
y = x , 3
2
().

45

y=|x+3|+2

y=|x+3|

y=|x|
2
3

:
, :
f (x) =
(x c) d , c,d > 0
, .

A
1. :
(x) =
x ,

f (x)= x + 2

g(x)= x 2 .

q(x)= x 2 .

2. :
(x) =
x ,

h(x)= x + 2

3. :
(x) =
x ,

F(x) = x + 2 + 1

G(x) = x 2 1 .

46

2:

4. i) f (x) = 2x 2 4x + 5
f (x) =
(x p) 2 + q
g(x) = 2x 2
f.
ii) f (x) =
2x 2 + 8x 9 , g g(x) = 2x 2 .
5.

1
O(0,0) A(2,0).
y
C

:
(x) + 2 g(x) =
(x) 2
i) f (x) =
ii) h(x) =
(x + 3) q(x) =
(x 3)
iii) F(x) =
(x + 3) + 2 G(x) =
(x 3) 2 .
6. (x) = 2x 2 1 . f
:
i) 2 1 .
ii) 3 2 .
iii) 2 1 .
iv) 3 2 .

2.2 -

47

2
I) , , .
1. f , f
.

2. .

3.
(1,2) , (2,1) (3,3) .

4. f
1, f (0) < 0 .

5. f -
(1,2)
(2,5) , f .

6. f 1,
f (x) = 2 .

7. f :[1, 2] f (x) = 3x 2 .

8.
, .

9. f , f -
.

10. f , f .

II) f.

f,

(x) =
3x 4 , 1
2 , :

) f (x) = 3(x 1) 4 + 2

) f (x) = 3(x 1) 4 2

) f (x) = 3(x + 1) 4 + 2

) f (x) = 3(x + 1) 4 2

3.1

.
MM1 NN1

,

O M M1 O N N1
, :
(MM1 ) (NN1 ) (OM1 ) (ON1 )

,
=
=
(OM)
(ON)
(OM) (ON)

(MM1 ) (NN1 )
=
(OM1 ) (ON1 )

(MM1 ) (OM1 )
,
(OM)
(OM)

(MM1 )
(OM1 )

, . , ,
,
, , .

, M1 O M , :

(MM1 )
(OM)

50

3:

=
=

(
(

(M1 )
(OM)

)
)

(MM1 )
(OM1 )

, ,

(M1 )
=

(M )

, 00 3600
Oxy , Ot
Ox
Ot (. , ). Ox ,
Ot .
y

t
t

(x,y)
(x,y)

y
x 1

(x, y)
M1 x'x (. ).
(. ), , ,
:
(MM1 )
(M1 )
(MM1 )
(M1 )
=
=
=

,
,
=
(OM)
(OM)
(OM1 )
(M1 )
y (OM) = x 2 + y 2 = > 0 . ,
(1 ) = x , (1M) =
:
=

y
x
x
y

,
= , = = , =

y
x

x 2 + y2 > 0 .

3.1

51

, ( ).
:

y ( x0)
= y ,
=
x

,=

x ( y0)
= x ,
=

x 2 + y2 > 0

(x, y) ( )
=

x 2 + y 2 > 0

.

360
Ox Oxy .


300 , Ox

y
t

=
360 + 30
=
390.

360 , :

= 360 + , N* 00 < 3600

Ox,
,
30 ,
Ox 390
360 + 30 =
:
= (360 + 30 ) = 390.

300

390 0

y
390 0

300

x
t

52

3:

:
= ( 360 + ), N 0 < 360
360 ,
,
0 360.
, , , :

y ( x0)
= y ,
=
x

,=

x
x
= ,
( y0)
=

x 2 + y2 > 0

(x, y)
( ) =

x 2 + y 2 > 0

( )
Ox .
Ox , , ,
360 + , .
Ox ,
,
, 360 + , .
, k 360 + , k ,
.
, k :
(k 360 + ) = ,
(k 360 + ) = ,

(k 360 + ) =
(k 360 + ) =

3.1

53

, ,
, . , .
(0,0)
=1 .
.
, .. =35 ,
(, ).

=1

35 = 0,57.
35 =

110
120 o
130 o
140o

o
100o 90 80 o
o

170o
180o

20 o

0,1

190 o

(x,y)

x
350 o
340o

200o
210 o
220 o

10 o

350

0,1

50o
40o

N(,)

60 o

150o
160o

70 o

330 o
320 o
y
310o
300o
240o o
290o
250
o
o
o
260 270 280

=1, 35 = 0,82.

,
(x, y), :

, 35 =

= x =
= y =
x'x ,
y'y .
:
1.
' ,
1. :

1 1 1 1

54

3:

2. ,
,
.

10

20

30

40

+
+
+
+

+
+

M(x, y).
.

1

,

E(1,yE )

A
O

( ) ( )
=
= ( )
()
1

yE , (AE)= yE ,

= yE.

.
:
= yE =
, x =1 ,
.

3.1

55

. ,
(, )
AB
( 1rad),
. ,
( rad) S = .
:

1rad

( 1 rad ) , , ( 1 rad).
, :
, rad . 2,
360 2 rad.
,
1 rad
,

360
,
2

rad

180
.

, =

=
180

180
, :

9 60 , =
180
= 600

=
=

180
3

60 = rad.
3

56

3:

5
rad ,
6

=
=

6
180
5
5

6

=
=
=
150
180
6 180
5

rad=150.
6

.

rad

30

1
2

3
2

3
3

45

2
2

2
2

60

3
2

1
2

3
3

90

, x rad
x,
(x rad), ( x rad), (x rad) (x rad),

x,
x,
x

x.

, .. rad
3
3

(100rad ) 100 .

3.1

57

1
h
, .

.

48 =

h
h
, =

48

70 =

h
h
, =

70

= = 20m
h
h
2070 48

=
20, h =
.
48 70
70 48

70 2, 75 48 1,11.
(1) :
61, 05
37
1, 64
37m .
h

2 750o .

750 360 2 30,

750 =
2 360 + 30

750 = (2 360 + 30 ) = 30 =
3
750 = 30 =

3

1
2

750 = 30 =
750 = 30 =

3
2

58

3:

79
rad.
3

79 79
=
2. 79 6
3
6
79 79
1

=
2= 13 + 2= 13 2 + ,
13 1.
3
6
6
3

79
1
79

= =
= 13 2 + = =
3
3 2
3
3
3
2

79

79

= = 3

= =
3
3
3
3
3

1.
x, y .

30

2.
.

60

30

3. S = 6cm.
, :
i) = 1cm
ii) = 2cm
iii) = 3cm .
4. rad
i) 30

ii) 120

iii) 1260

iv) 1485.

5. :
i)

rad
10

ii)

5
rad
6

iii)

91
rad
3

iv) 100rad .

6.
i) 1830

ii) 2940

iii) 1980

iv) 3600.

3.1

59

1. N (N)


h

,
70

()

()
1000 1.000
(1 0,3 m)
.


.
i) h = 30 , 45 60.
ii) , h=1000 ;
0

2. :

i) :
() = () = 2 45 = 2.
ii)

()= 4 22,5.
iii) ().

22,5 o
1

45o
1

3
3

iv) ,

, (
=
) 2 2 2.
v) 22,5.
vi)
;
A
3.

30
.
6
0

30 0

4.
1mm .
.

60

3:

3.2


.
.
:
1. 2 + 2 = 1

M (x, y)
, :
x = y =
y

,
2
2
2
(OM) =1 ( )=
x + y= x 2 + y 2
:
2

|y|
A

1,
x + y =
:

(x,y)
1

x |x|

2 + 2 = 1
=

2.

y
=
( x = 0 )
x

x
=
( y = 0 ).
y

3.2

61

(1) (2), .
3. . = 1

=
( 0 0)

:
=

4.

=
2

= 1.

1
2
2

1 + 2
1 + 2

i) 2 + 2 = 1
2 0 :
2 2
1
1
1
2
2
+ =
=
+1

=

.
2
2
2
2


1 + 2
2 =

1
.
1 + 2

ii) 2 + 2 = 1 2 =
: 2 +
2 =

1
,
1 + 2

1
1
2
2
2
=
1

=
1

=
.
1 + 2
1 + 2
1 + 2

2
.
1 + 2

62

3:

5
1 =
90o < < 180o, 13
.

2 + 2 = 1 2 = 1 2 .
5

:
13
2
25 169 25 144
5
2
= 1 = 1
=
=
.
169
169
169
13
90 < < 180 , < 0 , :
144
12
=
169
13

=
=
, :

5
12

5
12
= 13 =
= 13 = .
12
5
12
5

13
13
2
4
4
2
2
i) + = 1 2

4
4
2
ii) = 2 1

i) :
4 + 4 = ( 2 ) 2 + ( 2 ) 2
= ( 2 + 2 ) 2 2 2 2

= 1 2 2 2 ,

( 2 + 2 = 1 )

ii) :
4 4 = ( 2 ) 2 ( 2 ) 2
= ( 2 + 2 )( 2 2 )
( 2 + 2 = 1 )
= 2 2
= 2 (1 2 ) = 2 2 1.

3.2

< x < ,
5
2
x rad.
2
3
2. x = < x < , 3
2
x rad.
1. x =

3
3
< x < 2,
2
3
x rad.

3. x =

2 5
0 < x < , 2
5
x rad.

4. x =

3
< x < 2, 2
2xx
.

1 + x

5. x = 2

6. , x :

i) x = 0 x = 0.

ii) x = 1 x = 1.
3
4
iii) x = x = .
5
5
7. , M ( x, y) x = 3
y = 3, O(0,0) = 3.
8. x = 2 y = 3 , 9x2 + 4y2=36.
9. x = r , y = r z = r ,
x2 + y2 + z2 = r2.
10. :
4
4
2

1
i)
ii) = 2 1 .
=

1 +

63

64

3:

11. :

i)

1 +
2
x
x
2
+
=ii)
+
=
.
1 x 1 + x x
1 +

12. :

i)

+
=

+

ii) 2 2 = 2 2 .

13. :
x
x
1

+
= x + x ii) (1 x) 1 +
i)
= x x
1 x 1 x
x

1
1
1

= x x iv)
x
x = x x.
iii)
x + x

x
x
B
1. x + x = , :
1
1
i) x x
ii)
+
x x
iii) x + x iv) 3 x + 3 x.
2. :
i) 4 x + 4 x = 1 2 2 x 2 x ii) 6 x + 6 x = 1 3 2 x 2 x.
iii) 2( 6 x + 6 x) 3( 4 x + 4 x) x , .
3.

< x < ,
2
2

4. 0 x < ,
2

1 + x
1 x

= 2x.
1 x
1 + x

1 + x + 1 x 1 + x x
= =
.
1 + x 1 x x 1 x

3.3 1

65

3.3 10

, ,
0 90.
'
' .

' ,
' = , , ,

x'x.

.

, :

() =
() =

(x,y)

(x,y)

t'

() =
() =

:

.
:
9 :

1
2
3
(30 ) = (30 ) =
3
(30 ) = (30 ) =

(30 ) = (30 ) =

(30 ) = (30 ) = 3

9 , :
2

= =
4
2
4

= = 1
4
4

3
2

2

= =
4
2
4

= = 1
4
4

66

3:

180
y
B

' 180 , =
' 180 ,
t
,
, ' (x,y)
y'y .

A

.

, :

t
180
0

(x,y)

A x

(180 ) =

(180 ) =

(180 ) =

(180 ) =

:
180o
.
:

=
180 30 , :
9 150

150 = (180 30 ) = 30 =

1
2

150 = (180 30 ) = 30 =
150 = (180 30 ) = 30 =

3
3

150 = (180 30 ) = 30 = 3

= , :
3
3

3
2

= = =
3
3
2
3

3
2

3.3 1

67

1
2

= = =
3
3
2
3

= = = 3
3
3
3

3
2

= = =
3
3
3
3

180
'

y
B

180 , =
' 180 + , ,
, '
.
.
, :
(180 + ) =
(180 + ) =

t
(x,y)

1800+
A

(x,y)
t

(180 + ) =
(180 + ) =

:
180o , .
:

9 210
=
180 + 30 , :

210 = (180 + 30 ) = 30 =

1
2

210 = (180 + 30 ) = 30 =
210 = (180 + 30 ) = 30 =

210 = (180 + 30 ) = 30 =

3
3
3

3
2

68

3:

= + , :
3
3

3
4

= + = =
3
3
2
3

1
4

= + = =
3
3
2
3

= + = =
3
3
3

= + = =
3
3
3
3

90
' 90 ,
=' 90 , ,
,
'
.
xOy

.

, :

y
B

t
y=x

(y,x)

t
(x,y)
O

0
90

(90 ) =

(90 ) =

(90 ) =

(90 ) =

,
90o ,
.

, 60
=
90 30 , :

60 = 30 =
60 = 30 =

3
,
2
3

1
,
2
3
60 = 30 =
3
60 = 30 =

3.3 1

69

, 0 90.

1 36o =
54o.

1+ 5
.
4

54
=
90 36 ,

54 = 36 =

1+ 5
4

2 + 2 = 1
2 54 + 2 54 = 1, :
2
1+ 5
6 + 2 5 10 2 5
2
2

54 = 1 54 = 1
=
,
= 1
4
16
16

:
10 2 5
54 =
4
:
54
=
54 =
54

1+ 5
10 2 5

54
=

54
=
54

10 2 5
.
1+ 5

2 :
) 90 + ,

) 270

) 270 +

i) 90 +=
90 (), :
(90 + ) = (90 ()) = () = .

90 + .

70

3:

ii) 270 =
180 + (90 ) , :
(270 ) = (180 + (90 )) = (90 ) = .

270 .
iii) 270 +=
360 90 +=
360 + ( 90 ), :
(270 + ) = ( 90 ) = (90 ) = .

270 + .

1. :

i) 1200 ii) 2850.

2.

i)

187
rad
6

ii)

21
rad.
4

3. :

i) = ( + ) ii) + ( + ) = 0

iii)

+
=

2
2

iv)

+
=
.
2
2

4. () (180 + ) .
() (90 + )

( x) (2 + x) + x
2
= 1.
5. :
21

(13 + x) ( x)
x
2

6. :

2 ( x) + ( x)(2 x) + 2 2 x .
2

3.3 1

71

1. :
495 120 + 495 (120 )
.
(120 ) + 495
2. :

(5 + ) (7 )
+
2

2
= 2 1.
5

(5 + ) (7 )
+
2

3. x + + x = 5, 3

2 x + 2 + x .

3

4. :
0<

( + x)
< 1.
x + ( + x)

I) , , .
1. =1, = 0 .

2. = 0 , = 1.

3. + =2 .

2
= 1

4.
5. 2 20 + 2 70 = 1

6. x (x ) = x

7. x 2 x = x 2

8. (x ) + x = 0, x = 0
2

9. x (x ) ( + x) = 0
6
3

72

3:

II.
.

120

150

3
2

210

3
3

300

210

1
2

300

3
3

300

3
2

210

1
2

III.
.
1. ( =90 ) ,
:
) 2 + 2 = 1, ) 2 + 2 = 1, ) =1.
2. :
) ( + ) = , ) ( + ) = , ) ( + ) = .
3. :
+

) = , ) (
) = , ) (
) = .
) (
2
2
2
2
2
2
0

3.4

73

3.4

-

1
- 2
.
t,
1
t + 1
2
1
t 1 . 2
, t, 1
1
t, t + 1 , t 1 .
2
2
1
1 .
2
1

t.

, t,
t + 2 sec
t2 sec.

74

3:

(
t) 2 sec.
:
f ,
>0 , x A :

i)

x + T A, x T A

ii)

f (x + T) = f (x T) = f (x)

f.

, ,

1 1. -

.
.

, , , .,
f (t) = t, t
.
.
:
x
(x rad) .

x = (x rad)
( + 360 ) = ( 360 ) = , x :

(x + 2) = (x 2) = x

2.

.

3.4

75

x = (x rad).
2.
, :
x
x =
x
:
=1

{x x 0}

x 1
(x + ) = (x ) = x,
.
, ,
:
x
x =
x
:
=2

{x x 0}

.
f(x) = x
f(x) = x 2,
2, . [0,2].
x
xrad . ,
, .
:
y
B
x 0

M
, .
2
M
x
, x rad
O
A
f(x) = x

0, .
2
f(x) = x :

76

3:

,
2
3
,
2
3

, 2
2

, = 1
2
2
3
3
= 1.
x = ,
2
2
:
x =

3
2
1
.

1
.

2
0

. :
x

4
2
0, 71
2

3
4

0,71

5
4

3
2

0,71 1

7
4

0,71

.

[0, 2]:
y = x

y
1
O
1

5 3 7
4 2 4 2

3
2 4

0x2
x

3.4

77

f(x) = x , 2,
[2, 4], [4, 6] .
[2, 0],[4, 2] .
,
.
y
1.5
1
0.5
/2

/2

0.5

3/2

2 5/2

1
1.5

. x ( x) = x. f(x) = x

0(0,0) .
f(x) = x
f(x) = x 2,
2, .. [0, 2].
:
x

1
.

1
.

3
2
0

2
1
.

:
x

2
2

3
2

5
4

3
2

7
4

0,71

0,71

0,71

0,71

78

3:

y = x
0 x 2p .
y

y = x

0x2

3
5
4 4

3 7 2
2 4

f(x) = x 2,
:
y
1

y = x
x

0
1

3
2

5
2

7
2

.
x (x) = x. f(x) =
x y'y.
f(x) = x
f(x) = x ,

, .. , .
2 2

( , , ).
2 2
x rad .
x .
:

x


2
2

O
x

' ,

. f(x) = x

, .
2 2

3.4

79

x .
2

x = 2

f. x
2

x +. x =
2
f.
x

y
yB
B

y
y
B
B
A
A

A
A
x
M x
M
E
E

O
O
B
B

A
A

A
A x
x

O
O
B
B

f(x)=x , ,
:
x
x

0, 6 0
3 1, 7 1
3

3
0, 6 1
3

3 1, 7

.
f(x)=x .
y = x

3
2

3
2

f(x)=x
, ( 5.3: (x)=x .

80

3:

1 f(x)=3x .

f(x)=3x (x)=x.
2, :
f (x + 2)= 3 (x + 2)= 3 x = f (x) , x .
f (x 2)= 3 (x 2)= 3 x = f (x), x .
f(x)=3x.
x

x
3x

0
0

2
1

0
0

3
2
1

y
3
2
1

2
0
0

1
2
3

y = 3x

y = x

x
4

2 f(x)=2x

f(x)=2x , 2x
2, , x . , f(x)=2x .
:
f (x + ) = 2(x + ) = (2x + 2) = 2x = f (x), x

f (x ) = 2(x ) = (2x 2) = 2x = f (x), x .

, f(x)=2x.
x
2x

0
0

4
1

2
0

3
4
1

y = 2x

1
3
2

y = x

2 1
2

x
3
2

3 f(x)=32x .

3, 3 .

3.4

81

f(x)=32x :
y

3
4

32x

y = 32x

3
x

2

3
4
2 2

3
2

,
f(x)= x, ,>0:
(i) ,
.
(ii) 2 .

f(x)= x, ,>0

1. ,

= 0,5 x, h(x) = 2 x, 0 x 2
i) f (x) = 2x, g(x)
= 0,5 x, h(x) = 2 x, 0 x 2 .
ii) f (x) = 2x, g(x)
2.
f (x) = x
g(x) = 1 + x h(x) = 1 + x
3.

0 x 2 .
f (x) = x g(x) = 3x,
4.
f (x) = x g(x) = 3x,
0 x 2 .

x
5. f (x) = 2 . 2
;
; f
.

82

3:

x
.
2
7.
6. f (x) = 2
i) f (x) = x ii) g(x) = 1 + x
.

iii) h(x) = 1 + x

8. f (x) = 2x.
9. f (x) = x.
B
1. :
y
1

y
x

0.5

y
y
2.5

2.

y= 3 t , y
6
t .
i) .
ii) 0 t 12.

3.5

83

3.
1m.
,
1
h = 1 + 3t,
3
t .
i) .
1m

ii)
iii) 0 t 2 .
4. H x
x(t) =0,1+0,1.3t, t
.
i) .
ii) 0 t 2 .
0,15m;
3.5
x=

1
x = .
2
y = x
1
y = .
2
y

y= 1
2

5
6

2
y=x

x , f (x) = x 1
. 2,
2
x, (. ),
2
. 2, .

84

3:

1
5

[0, 2],
= ,
x =
2
6 6
6

5 1
=
= .
6
6 2
y

x =

1

2

x= 2 + 6

5
x= 2 +
6

1
2

M
5/6
/6

x
A

, x = ,
= , :

x= 2 +

,
x = 2 + ( )

1 x =

3
2

3
=
, ( ) =
.
3
2
3
2

x = ( ), :
3

x= 2 3

x = 2 + +
3

2 2x + =
4 2

= , 2x + = ,
6 2
4
6

3.5

2x + 4 = 2 + 6

2x + = 2 +
4
6

85

2x + = 2 + 2x= 2 + x=
4
6
6 4
24
2x +

= 2 + 2x = 2 + x = +
4
6
6 4
24

x = 24

7
x = +
24

x =
,
1
.. x = .
2
-

[, ]
,
2
3
3
1
= .
3 2

x =

=
3

1
x =
2

x= 2 + 3

x= 2
3

y
M

3 1
2
3
M

86

3:

, x = ,
= ,
x= 2 +

,
x = 2

1 x =

2
2

2
=
, x = ,
4
4
2
:

x= 2 + 4

x= 2
4

2 2x =

3
2

3
5
3

=
, =
=
.
6
2
6
2
6
2

5
2x = ,
6

2x= 2 + 6

5
2x= 2
6

x = + 12

5
x =
12

3.5

87

x =
x = 3.
. ,
,
, ..

,
2 2
,
.

y
3

, x = 3

, = 3.
3
3

x = 3 : x = + ,
.
3
, x = ,
x = , :

x = + ,
x = .

1 x = 1

= 1, = 1. x = ,
4
4
4

x = ,
4
2 x = 3

= 3, x = ,
6
6

x = + ,
6

88

3:

1.
i) x = 0

2
iii) x = 0
2

ii) x =

iv) x =

2
2

2.
2
1
i) x =
ii) x = 1 iii) x =
iv) x = 1
2
2
3.
3
i) x = 0
ii) x =
iii) x = 1
iv) x = 3
3


4.
3
3
i) x =
ii) x =
3
3

5.
i) (1 x)(2x 3) = 0
6.

ii) (2x + 2)(1 x) = 0

i) ( 3 + x)(1 x) = 0
ii) (2x + 1)(2 x 3)x = 0

7.

ii) x = 0,809
iii) x = 28,636
i) x = 0,951

8.
x
2x
ii) + 1 = 0
iii) 3
i) 23x = 3
3=0
5
7

9.

i) x + = 1
ii) 2 3x = 1 iii) 5x = 3
3
4

10.
i) 2 2 + 1 = 0

ii) 2 2 x + 3x 2 = 0 iii) 32 t= 3 + 2 3t

11.
ii) x 2x = 1
i) 2 x + 5 2 x = 4
12. x,
:

i) f (x) = 3 x , 0 x < 2, ii) g(x) = 7 x , 0 x < 2

2
2

3.6

89

13. ( t
) =
S 75 + 50 ,
6
t o t = 1 .
i) 100000 ,
ii)
.

1.

i) x + x = 0
ii) 2x + 3x = 0
3

2.
1
i) x x + 1 = x + x
ii)
2x = 4
2 x
3. x = 1 (3,4).
* 4. 1+x=x [0,2).

5. : x = + x [0, 2).
3

3.6

, M1 , M 2 (. 1).
, . (. 2).
y
M 1 (, )

M 2 (, )

. (1)

x
(1,0)

M((-), (-))

. (2)

x
(1,0)

90

3:

, M1 , M 2 , :
1:

2:

:
1
: ( )

0
( )

M 2 OM
1 = AOM = , (M 2 M1 ) = (AM).
(M 2 M1 ) 2 = (AM) 2

(P1P2 ) =

(x 2 x1 ) 2 + (y 2 y1 ) 2 ,

P1 (x1 , y1 ) P2 (x 2 , y 2 ), :
(M 2 M1 )2 = ( ) 2 + ( ) 2
= 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 2
= 2 2( + )

( )2

= [( ) 1]2 + [( ) 0]2
= 2 ( ) + 1 2( ) + 2 ( )
= 2 2( ).

( 2 1 ) 2 = ( ) 2
2 2( + )= 2 2( )

+ = ( )

:
( ) = +

(1)

, , 0 < < 3600 ,

, .
, :
( ()) = () + () =
:
( + ) =

(2)

3.6

91

(1) (2) , . , :
15 = (45 30 ) = 45 30 + 45 30
=

2 3
2 1

+
=
2 2
2 2

2( 3 + 1)
4

75 = (45 + 30 ) = 45 30 45 30
=

2 3
2 1

=
2 2
2 2

2( 3 1)
4

(1), , .

x = x x = x, :
2

( + ) = ( + ) = ( )
2
2

= + = +
2

:
( + ) = +

(3)

:
( ) =

, :
15 = (45 30 ) = 45 30 45 30
=

2 3
2 1

=
2 2
2 2

2( 3 1)
4

75 = (45 + 30 ) = 45 30 + 45 30
=

2 3
2 1

+
=
2 2
2 2

2( 3 + 1)
4

92

3:

+ , ,
.
, : ( + ), ,
( + ) 0, 0 0. :

( + ) +

=
0
( + )

+
+
= =

=
( + )

:
( + ) =

+
1

(5)

,
:
( ) =

1 +

(6)

:
1

( + ) =
+

+ 1
(7)
( ) =

, :
45 30
15 = (45 30 ) =
=
1 + 45 30
=

3
3 = 3 3
3 3+ 3
1+
3
1

(3 3)(3 3) 12 6 3
=
= 2 3
6
(3 + 3)(3 3)

(8)

3.6

93

3
45 + 30
3 = 3+ 3
75 = (45 + 30 ) =
=

1 45 30
3 3 3
1
3

1+

(3 + 3)(3 + 3) 12 + 6 3
=
= 2+ 3
6
(3 3)(3 + 3)

-
3
3
12
3
1 = ,
< < 2 = , < <
,
5
2
13
2
+.

(+) = + ( + ) =
.
:
2

= 1 2 = 1

9 16
16 4
3
=
,
< < 2

= =
,
25 25
2
25 5

2 = 1 2 = 1

25
5
144 25
3
=
= , < <
=
,
169
13
169 169
2

3 12 4 5 16
( + ) = + =
5 13 5 13 65

( + ) =

4 12 3 5
63
= ,
5 13 5 13
65

:
( + ) =

16
63

( + ) =

63
16

2 : ( + ) ( ) = 2 2

( + )( ) = ( + )( )
= 2 2 2 2 = 2 (1 2) (1 2 ) 2
= 2 2 2 2 + 2 2 = 2 2

94

3:

2x = x +
3 :

2x = x + 2x = x + x
6
6
6

x
4=

3
1
2
2
3x + x

3=
x

3x

2=
x + x
x

x = 3

x = + ,
3

[ x 0 ]

x =

4 :
+ + =

, , , .
+ =

, ( + ) :
2
( + ) = ( )

+
=
1
+ = +
+ + =

5
2
4
1 = t, 2 = (t + ) 3 = (t + ).
3
3
= 1 + 2 + 3
.

3.6

95

= t + (t + 2 ) + (t + 4 )

3
3
2
2
4
4
= t + t
+ t
+ t
+ t
3
3
3
3
3

3
1
1
= t + t + t
+ t + t

2
2
2
2
1
1
= t t t = 0
2
2

1. , , :
i)

12
4
12
4

ii) 170 50 + 170 50

iii) 110 70 110 70

iv)

+
12
12
12
12

2. :
i) 3x(2x) 3x(2x)

3. :

i) (x + ) + (x =)

2x

ii) (x + )x + (x + )x

ii) 2 (x ) 2 (x + ) = 2xx

4. , , :

i)

17
4
17
4

18
9
18
9

12
4
iii)
7
1 +
12
4

ii)
iv)

70 20 + 70 20
165 + 15
1 165 15

5. :

i)
2xx + 2xx
x 2x
1 + x2x

iii)

ii) x + x x + x
6
6

+ 2x + x
3
6

iv)

1 + 2x x
3
6

96

3:

6. :
i) x + + x = x
3
3
ii)

( + )( + ) = ( + ) + ( )

7. , , 105 195.
8. :
( + )

+ =
i)

ii) + =

( + )

9. ,
:
63

i) ( + ) =
65

16
ii) ( + ) =

13

65

10. +, :
3
5

i) = ,

5
,
13
4
= ,
5

=
3
5

ii) = ,

11. :

= (x + )
i) x

2
3
<<
2

0<<

<<
2
3
< < 2
2

ii) x + ( 4 + x) = 2

iii) (x ) = 2, = 3

B
1. :

( )
( )
( )
0
+
+
=

2. ( + ) = 0, : ( + 2) =
3. = 3, [0,2] : (x ) = 2(x + )

4. + = , : (1 + )(1 + ) = 2

3.7 2

97

5. = 3 , :
i) =

, =
3 + 2

ii) , =600

6. + ( ) = ,
( )

= .
2

*7. :
i) + + = 1, ii) + + =
2

8. [0,] : ( + x) ( x) = 2 3
*9. 0 < x, y, z <

x+y+z =
4

1
1
x = , y = z = , :
8
2
2
5

3.7 2
2,
, . ,
( + ), ( + ) ( + ) , :
2 = ( + ) = + = 2

2 = 2

2
2
2 = ( + ) = =

= 2 (1 2 ) = 2 2 1

2 = 2 2 = (1 2 ) 2 = 1 2 2

(1)

98

3:

:
2 = 2 2

(2)

= 2 2 1
= 1 2 2

2
=

+
=
1

2
1 2

:
2
1

2 =

2

(3)

(2)
, 2. , :
2 = 2 2 1 1 + 2 = 2 2 2 =
2 = 1 2 2 2 2 = 1 2 2 =
1 2
2

2
2
=
=
=
2 1 + 2
2

1 + 2
2

1 2
2

1 2
1 + 2

:
1 2

2 =
2

1 + 2
(4)
2 =
2

1 2

2 =
1 + 2

(6)

(5)

3.7 2

99

, . 45

22,5 =
:
2
2
1

1
45
2 2
2
2

=
= =
22,5
,

2
2
4

22,5 =

2 2
2

2

1+
2+ 2
1 + 45
2+ 2

2
2

=
= =
22,5
, 22,5 =
2
2
2
4
2 2

22,5
=
=

2+ 2

2 1 22,5
=

2+ 2
=
2 2

2 +1

-
1 :
3 = 3 4 3
3 = 4 3 3

i) ii)

:
(2 + ) = 2 + 2
i) 3 =

= 2 2 + (1 2 2 )
= 2(1 2 ) + (1 2 2 )
= 2 23 + 23 = 3 4 3

ii) 3 = (2 + ) = 2 2

= (2 2 1) 2 2

= (2 2 1) 2(1 2 )
= 2 3 2 + 2 3 =

2o 0 :
2
1 +

2 =
i)
2

ii) 2 =

1 2
1 + 2

4 3 3

100

3:

0, :

2
2
2
2
=
=
i) 2 = 2 =
2
2
2
2
+ 1 + 2
+
2 2

2 2

2 2 1 2
ii) 2 = 2 2 =
=
=
2 + 2 2 2 1 + 2
+
2 2
2

3o 2 =

< < , .
4
2

(3) :
3
2
=
8= 3 32
4 1 2
32 + 8 3 = 0
8 10
6
1
=
= 3
3
=

[ =100]

3, < < .
2

1 2x
4o 2 x =
4
1 + 2x

2 =

1 2
, :
1 + 2

1 2x

2
1 2x ,
=
2 x =

2x = 2x
4
1 + 2x 1 + 2x
2

3.7 2

101

x
2

5o : 2 2 x= 2 2

(5) :
2 2 x = 2 2

x
2 2 x = 1 + x
2
2 (1 2 x) = 1 + x
2 x x = 0
x(x 1) = 0
x = 0 x = 1

x= 2

x= 2,

6o 84 2 4

(5) :
2

1 + 2 2 + 2 2
1 + 2
=

8 4 = 8( 2 ) 2 = 8
8

2
4

2
= 2 + 4 2 + 2 2= 2 + 4 2 + 1 + 4= 3 + 4 2 + 4

1. :

i) 2

3
3

4
4

ii) 1 2 2

12

iii) 2 21350 1

0
iv) 275
2
0

2. :

i) 22 2

ii) 2 2 1
4

3. :
2 + 2 = 2
i) ii)

1 75

iii) 23

1 2 3

2
= 2
1 2
2
= 22
+ =
iii) iv)
2

4. 2, :
3

3
4

i) =
< <
ii) =
< <
2
5
2
5
1
1
5. (+2), = =
4
3

102

3:

6. :
1
2

3
i)

+ 3=
2

ii) 2 + 2 2 = 2

2
1 2 + 2

iii) iv)
=
=
1 + 2 + 2

1 + 2

7. :
i)
2x x 1 = 0

ii) 2x 2x + x 1 = 0

8.
9. ,:

16

i) =

5
13

ii) =

0
<<

3
3
< < 2

5
2

10. :

x
i)

2x + 2 2 = 0

ii) x 2 2

x
2

2 x = 4 2
iii) 2

x
=0
2

iv) 2 x 1= 2 2

x
2

=
1. 0 < , :

2. :

1 2 .

2 + 1 2

= 2
(1 + )
2

3. : 2 4

3 1
=
8 8

4. :

i)

1 + 2 2
=
+
2

0
)
5. : (45=

ii)

3 4 2 + 4
= 4
3 + 4 2 + 4

2
1
=
2
1 + 2 2

15.
6. :
i) 2x = 2x

ii) x 2x = 3

7. : 4 = 8 4 8 2 + 1

3.8

103

8. :

i) 4

3 3
+ 4
=
8
8 4

ii) 4

3 3
+ 4
=
8
8 4

iii) 8 2 2 = 1 4
9. x =

, y =
, :
z =
+
+
+

2 x + 2 y + 2 z = 1.
2

3.8
.
,
.

:
( + ) = +
( ) =

( + ) + ( ) = 2

( )
2 = ( + ) +

( ) = +

(1)

( + ) =

:
2 = ( ) + ( + )
2 = ( ) ( + )

(2)
(3)

104

3:

. ,

+=

= ,
+
2

= + + = 2, =

2

+

(1) 2

= + .
2
2
:

+ = + + = 2, =

+ = 2

2
2

(4)

(4) , :

= 2

2
2

(5)

, (2), :

+ = 2

(3) 2

2
2

(6)

= ,
2
2

= 2

2
2

(7)

3.8

105

-
1 : 6x3x=5x4x

(1)

: (1) 26x3x = 25x 4x

9x + 3x = 9x + x
3x = x
3x= 2 + x

,
3x = 2 + x

x =

2 +
x =
4

2 : 3x+x=2x

3x + x
3x x

= 2xx
2
2
2 2xx = 2xx
2xx xx = 0
x( 2x x) = 0

(1) 2

x = 0 (2)

(2) x =

2x = x (3)

x = 2 ,
2
2

2x= 2 + 2 x

,
( 3) 2x = ( x)
2

2x= 2 x
2

4 +

x =
3x= 2 + 2
6

,
,

x= 2
x= 2
2
2

(1)

106

3:

3 :

+ + = 4
2
2
2

+ + = 2
= 2

+ 2
2
2
2
2

+ 2

2
2
2
2

+ =

2
2 2

2
2
2

= 2 2 = 4
2
2
2
2
2
2
= 2

1. , , :

i) 75 15

ii) 105 15

11
7
13

iv)

12
12
2
12
2. :
i) 2x 2x ii) 2 4x 2x iii) 23x5x

iv) 6x 2x v) ( x)( + x)
4
4
3. :

iii)

i) 3xx = 6x 2x ii) 3x 2x = 2xx

4. , , :
11
5
i) 75 + 15 ii)

12
12
iii) 40 + 80 + 160
5.
:
i) 4x + 2x ii) 5x 3x iii) 3x + x
iv) 1 + x
v) 1 + x

3.8

107

6. ,
:

= 2
i) 2 + 2 = 2( ) ii)
2
7. :

i) 3 5 = ii) + 3 + 5 = 3
+ 3 + 5
3 + 5
iii) 2 + 36 = 5
2 + 36

8. :
i) 3x x = 2x

ii) 5x x = 3x

iii) 3x + 6x + 9x = 0

1. :
1
i) 250
= 1
2 20
ii) 252 68 2 47 77 265 81 = 1
2.
4 = 1 , = 30.
3. :

+

2

i) 2

ii) 2

4. :
i) + + , , [0, ]
2

2

ii) + + , , [ , ]
2 2
2
2

5. :
i) + ( ) = 2 ii) ( ) = 2

108

3:

iii) + + = 1 + 4

2
2
2

6. ,
:
2 2

=
1
2
2

7. , , = + ,
=90 =90 .
3.9 f(x)=x+x
f(x)=x,
> 0 2
. .
, .., f(x)=2x,
:
y
2

y = x

y = 2x

1
2

f(x)=(x+)

f (x) = 2(x + ).

g(x) = 2x , x, x + ,

f (x)
= g(x + )
4

f g ,
4
.
g(x) = 2x 2, 2
2.

3.9 f(x)=x+x

109

f 2
2 2.

y = 2(x + )
4

y = 2x. :
2

y = 2x(x+
4)

4
5
4

3
4

7
4

3
2

y = 2x
2

, f(x)=(x+), >0
g(x) = x . :
f(x)=(x+) 2 .
f(x)=x+x, , 0
f(x)=x+x.
.
:

x + x = x + x
4

x + x
4 x =
4
4
= x +

4
4

x +

=
= 2 x +
4
2

2 x + . f
4

2 2 2.

f (x)
=

110

3:

g(x)
= 2x
4
, :
y

y = 2x(x+ 4 )

5
4

3
4

7
4 2

y = 2x

, 0 , x :
x + x = (x + )

= 2 + 2
=

(,)
x
. :
= ( ) =

M(,)

2 + 2

x + x = x + x
= (x + x)
= (x + )

f(x)=x+x, , 0 f (x) = (x + ).

3.9 f(x)=x+x

111

1 i) f (x)= 2(2x )
3
ii) f (x) = 2x 3 2x

i) f f (x) = 2 2(x ) . 6

g(x) = 2 2x , x
x .
6
f

g .
6
2

g(x) = 2 2x
= , 2
2
2. f , 2 2. f g
.
y
2

y = 2x(2x )
3

3
2

y = 22x
2

ii) 2x 3 2x t + t =1,
= 3 t 2x. (2x + ).

2
2

12 + ( 3)=
=
4 2
=

, =
3
= 3

f (x) = 2x 3 2x = 2(2x )
3
.

112

3:

3 4x + 4x = 2

1 t + t = 3,
=1 t 4x. (4x+).

2
( 3) 2 + 1=

=
4 2

3
=

2 ,

.

=
6
1
=

34x + 4x = 2 4x +
6

2 4x + =
6

2 4x + =

6
2

4x + =
6
4

4x + 6 = 2 + 4

4x + = 2 + ( )
6
4

x=

+
2 48

7
x =
+
2 48

3
2

1 = 2t 2 = 2 t +
.
3

= 1 + 2 = 2t + 2 t +

2
2

= 2t + 2 t
+ t
3
3

3
= 2t + 2 t +
t
2
2

3.9 f(x)=x+x

113

= t + 3t

= 2 t + ,
3

A
1. , :

i) f (x) = 2 x +
3

ii) f (x) = x
2

2. f (x) = ( x + ) :

i) f (x)
=

3x x

iii) f (x) = x 3x

ii) f (x) = x + x
iv) f (x) = x x

3. 2.
4. :
i) 3x x = 2, ii) x x = 1, iii) 2x + 6x + 2 = 0
B
1. -

, :
(MA) + (MB) = 2 6
2. 2m . ,
()+() .
i) ()+()
.
ii)
()+() .

O
2m

114

3:

3. :

i) f (x) = 5x + 12x + 3, ii) f (x) = 4x(x + x)

4. : 2x( 3x x)
=

2 1

5. 40m . h m rad ().

i) :
h=

40
+ + 1

ii) h
;
M

6. :
i)
= 1 + 2 + 2.
ii)
;

3.10
,
, ,
, .
,
.

= = = 2R

R, .

3.10

115

(,R) .
,
. :
=

()
=
,
() 2R

= 2R

(1)

= (. 1) + =180 (. 2), =. (1)

= 2R

A = 90 , : =1 =2R
(. 3).
= 2R.

= 2R
:

= 2R

= = = 2R

:
i)
ii) .

116

3:

1o = 15, = 43 = 82.

A + B + =180 , :=
180 A =
B 180 43 82
=
55

, :

15

=
=

43 82 55

430

15 82 15 0,9903
=

22
43
0, 6820
15 55 15 0,8192
=

18
43
0, 6820

820

=15

2 = 23, = 31 = 35

:
23
31

= =

35
=

23 35 23 0,5736

0, 4255
31
31

=31

350
=23

250 1550

< , < .
25.

=
180 180 25 35
=
120

, (1),
31

31 120 31 0,8660
=
=

47
35 120
35
0,5736

3.10

117

3
F1, F2
F3
1, 2 3,
. , :
F3
F1
F2
=
=
1 2 3

F1
2

3
1

F2

F3

, F F1 F2
, F3 .
:
F3
F
F2
()
()
()
=
=
1 =
=
,

1 2 3

=
180 1 ,

=
180 2
=
180 3 .

. .

:
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2

118

3:

.
.


x .
(,0),
(x, y)

(x, y)

B(, 0)
O=A

x
y
=

x = y =

(1)

(,0)
(x,y), :

= () =

(x ) 2 + (y 0) 2

, (1), :
2 = (x ) 2 + y 2 = ( ) 2 + () 2
= 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2
= 2 ( 2 + 2 ) + 2 2
= 2 + 2 2.

, .
, ,
:

2 + 2 2
,
2

2 + 2 2
,
2

2 + 2 2
2

3.10

119

-
1o = 35, = 20 = 42

202 + 422 352

2 20 42

2
=
0,5589 . 56

35
=
202 + 422 2 20 42,

2
20
=
352 + 422 2 35 42, =

96

352 + 422 202

0,8806 . 28
2 35 42

2 = 20, = 42 = 56

= 202 + 422 2 20 4256 1225, 35.

, .

3 : =

, :
=

1
1

( ) (=
)
( ) ( )
2
2
1
A

=
2

( )
= ()

F2

= 90.

4 F1 F2
.
F
:

2
F=
F12 + F22 + 2F1F2

F1

F2

F1

120

3:

() = F1 , ( ) = F2 () = F, :
F2 = () 2 = () 2 + ( ) 2 2()( )
= F12 + F22 2F1 F2 (180 )
= F12 + F22 + 2F1 F2

A
1. .

.
= 300m, = 63 = 56,
.

300m

630

560

2. 5 m
, .
.

5m

500
350

3. :

i) =

dx
,
(y x)

ii) = dx y

(y x)

x
d

4. =30, =10 =31.

5.
.

4,25

3.10

121

6.
.

A
42m

55m
620

7.
:

20 cm

cm

40

60 cm

8.
2 + 2 + 2
+
+
=

9. :
+ =

10. = ,
= .
11. = 2, =
.
B
* 1. = 2, :
i) =

ii) 2 2 =

2. :

= (x x)

450

3. :
i) = ,

ii) = + ,

.
4. = ,
.

122

3:

5. :

=

+
2
2

6. :

() 2 =

5 + 3 2
2

7.
:

i) x 2 + y 2 = 2 2 + 22

ii) ( ) = 2

y
B

(' )
I. .
+ = 2 + = 2.

2
=
,
2.
2
.
3. (x.y) x = 1 + 2t,
y = 3 + 2t, (1,3) = 2.
4. :

1 + x x
x x
ii)
+
=
4
=3
x 1 + x
1 x

5. i) 0 < x < , x + x 2
2
+

<
ii) 0 < < , <
+
2

i)

6. 2 2x = 1 (4, 5).
3

 ( )

123

7. -
4m, o 10m
8
.
10m
1sec, 2sec, 5sec
t sec.
.

O 4m

8.
i) x x = 22x ii) x 22x 4x 8x = x
9. 3 = 3 43 :

0
i) 8x 3 6x + 2 =

ii) 8x 3 6x 1 =
0

10. M(x,y), x= y=2+1,

[0, ], y = 2x 2 , x [1,1].

1 2

11. 2 =
2 =
2
1
+

1 + 2

f (x) =
[0,

10
].
9

1 + x
, x (, ) 5 + 4x

12. N : x + x

2x

= x
4
2 +1

13. - O
, =
20m, .

rad S m2
;

i) =
S 400 2 + 400
ii) S

S = (2 + ) + c

20m

124

3:

iii) , S ,
.

14.
= x,
. MAB

MA =y A = ,
:

2 = x y

15.

300 450

= 3.

125

126

+ =

( ) =

 4
-

4.1

x .
x x,
.
x .
3
, : 2x 3 , x 5 , 0x 4 , 2x : 2,
5
3 , 0 x.

x :
x + 1x 1 + ................. + 1x + 0 ,

0 , 1 , ...., .
x , 1x 1 , ...., 1x , 0 , 1 , ...., 1 , 0 . 0 .
0, ,
. 0 .
, 3x 3 + 2x 2 x + 2, 0x 2 5x + 1,
2
1
5x 3 x 2 + 0x + 2, 0 . x.
3
3

4.1

129

:

x + ................. + 1 x + 0 x + ................. + 1x + 0 ,
:
0 = 0 , 1 =1 , ....., = +1 = + 2 =.... = =0
0x 4 + 0x 3 + 2x 2 x + 1 2x 2 x + 1
. x 2 + x + 2x + 3
=3, =2 =0.
P(x), Q(x), .


P(x) = x + 1x 1 + ................. + 1x + 0
, (x)
0 ( ).
,
(x) :
x + 1x 1 + ................. + 1x + 0 , 0
(x).
0.
.
4x 3 + 3x 7 3 P(x) =
, Q(x) = 7 .

P(x) = x + 1x 1 + ................. + 1x + 0
.
x ,
P() = + 11 + ................. + 1 + 0 x=.
()=0, o . ,
x 3 + 2x 2 + 4x + 1,
P(x) =
x=1 P(1) =13 + 2 12 + 4 1 + 1 =6,
x = 1 P(1) =(1)3 + 2 (1) 2 + 4 (1) + 1 =0 ,
1 (x).
:
c c x
x(*)
(*) , :
c x, c

x, .

130

4: -

, , , , :
1. i) (x 3 + 2x 2 5x + 7) + (4x 3 5x 2 + 3) = x 3 + 2x 2 5x + 7 + 4x 3 5x 2 + 3
= (1 + 4) x 3 + (2 5)x 2 5x + (7 + 3)
= 5x 3 3x 2 5x + 10

ii)

[ 3 ]

(2x 3 x 2 + 1) + (2x 3 + 2x 3) = 2x 3 x 2 + 1 2x 3 + 2x 3
=
x 2 + 2x 2

iii)
2.

(x 3 3x 2 1) + ( x 3 + 3x 2 + 1) =x 3 3x 2 1 x 3 + 3x 2 + 1 =0

[ 2 ]
[ ]

(x 3 + 2x 2 5x + 7) (4x 3 5x 2 + 3) = x 3 + 2x 2 5x + 7 4x 3 + 5x 2 3
=
3x 3 + 7x 2 5x + 4

3.

(x + 5x)(2x + 3x =
1) x (2x + 3x 1) + 5x(2x 3 + 3x 1)
= 2x 5 + 3x 3 x 2 + 10x 4 + 15x 2 5x
=2x 5 + 10x 4 + 3x 3 + 14x 2 5x

[ 5 ]

:
,
.

.
-
1 i)
P(x) = ( 2 1)x 3 + ( 2 3 + 2)x + 1 .
ii)

Q(x) = 2 x 3 + ( 2)x 2 + 3 R(x)= (5 6)x 3 + ( 2 4)x 2 + + 1 .

i) To (x) ,
:
2 1 =0, 2 3 + 2 = 0 1 = 0
= 1. = 1
(x) .

4.1

131

ii) Q(x) R(x) :

3 = +1
2 = 5 6,
2 = 2 4

=2. =2 Q(x) R(x) .

2 P(x)= x 2 + 3x + 2 1,
1.
P( 1) =

2
2
P(1) =1 (1) + 3(1) + 1 =1

2 4 =0
= 2 =2

: 2 , 2.

'
1. x:
i) 1 x 3 ii) 3 3 2 x + 3x 2 x 3
1
1
iii) x +
iv) x 4 2x 3 + 4x 1
x
2. P(x) = x 2 5x + 2 Q(x) = x 3 + 3x + 1.
:
i) P(x) + Q(x)

ii) 2P(x) 3Q(x)

iii) P(x) Q(x)

iv) [P(x)]2

3. ,
1
P(x)= (43 )x 3 + 4( 2 )x 2 + 1
4
.
4. P(x) = ( 2 3)x 3 + x 2 +
Q(x) = 2x 3 + 2 x 2 + (3 1)x + 1 .
5. , , .
i) P(x) = 2x 3 3x 2 + 2x + 7
x=1
x = 1,
4
ii) Q(x) =
x=1,
x=3.
x = 1,
x + 1
6. k 2

P(x) = x 3 kx 2 + 5x + k.

132

4: -

R P(x)
7. a ,
= 5x 2 + 3x + 2 2
x = 1 1.
'

1. , , , f (x) = 3x 2 7x + 5 f (x) = x(x + 1) + x +

2. , ,
P(x)
= 3x 3 + x 2 + x 6 2 3.
3. , = 2x 3 + x 2 + x + 6 1 P(2) =
P(x)
12.
4. P(x)= (93 4)x 3 + (9 2 4)x 3 + 2
.
5. (x), (2x + 1)P(x) = 2x 3 9x 2 3x + 1.

4.2


. :
d 0 , ,
0<

=+,

(1)
.
, , .

. :

(x) 0

(x) , (x) , (x) (x) .

4.2

133

(x) (x)
(x) (x), ,
.
x 3 5x 2 + 2x 1 x 3.
1. .
2. x 2
x 3 x .
3. x 2 x 3
x 3 3x 2
. 2x 2 + 2x 1.
4. 2 3
2x 2 + 2x 1.
4x 1.

5. 2
3 4x 1.
13
x 2 2x 4.

:
3

x 5x + 2x 1= (x 3) (x 2x 4) + (13)
() = () () + ()

.
4x 4 + x 2 3x 1
2x 2 + x, :

x 3 5x 2 + 2x 1
x 3 5x 2 + 2x 1

x 3
x 3
x2

x 3 5x 2 + 2x 1 x 3
x2
x 3 + 3x 2
2x 2 + 2x 1
x 3 5x 2 + 2x 1 x 3
x 2 2x
x 3 + 3x 2
2x 2 + 2x 1
2x 2 6x
4x 1
x 3 5x 2 + 2x 1
x 3 + 3x 2
2x 2 + 2x 1

x 3
x 2x 4
2

2x 2 6x
4x 1
4x 12
13

4x 4 + 0x 3 + x 2 3x 1 2x 2 + x
2x 2 x + 1
4x 4 2x 3
2x 3 + x 2 3x 1
2x 3 + x 2
2x 2 3x 1
2x 2 x
4x 1

134

4: -

x 3 .
2x 3 + 2x 2 x 1 2x 2 1
2x 3 + 2x 2 x 1
2x 3

+x
2x

2x

2x 2 1
x +1

1
2

+1
0

,
.
0.
.
, (x) = 0,

(x) = (x) (x)

(x) (x) (x) (x) (x) (x) (x)
(x). 2x 2 1
2x 3 + 2x 2 x 1.
x.
(x) x
P(x)= (x )(x) + (x)
.
x ,
. :
P(x)= (x )(x) +


, x=,
P() = ( )() + = 0 + =

P(x)= (x )(x) + P()

:

(x)
x x=.

= ()

4.2

135

, P(x) =x 3 + 3x 2 13x 15
x 2 = P(2) = 23 + 3 22 13 2 15 = 21, x+1
x (1), = P(1) = (1)3 + 3 (1) 2 13 (1) 15 = 0. :
P(1) =
0, 1 (x)
P(x) = (x + 1)(x) + 0 = (x + 1)(x), x+1
(x).
:

(x) x
(x),

() = 0.

x (x).
P(x)= (x )(x)
x =
P() = ( )() = 0,
(x).
: (x), () = 0.

P(x)= (x )(x) + P()

P(x)= (x )(x),
x (x).
-
1o x+2 x 1
P(x) = x 3 + x 2 x + 2.

x+2 x (2). P(2) = (2)3 + (2) 2 (2) + 2 = 0,

2 (x). , ,
x+2 (x).
P(1) = 13 + 12 1 + 2 = 3 0, 1 (x).
x 1 (x).

136

4: -

2o :
i) P(x) = x 3 3x 2 + 3x 1 x+
.
ii) Q(x) = 2 x4 + 3x 2 3 x 1
1.

i) x + = x (), (x) x+
= P(). , = 0 :
P()= 0 ()3 3() 2 + 3() 1= 0
3 3 2 3 1 =0
3 + 3 2 + 3 + 1 =0
( + 1)3 = 0
= 1

ii) Q(x) x 1 = Q(1). ,

= 1 :
Q(1) = 1 214 + 312 3 = 1
2 + 3 4 = 0
=1 = 4

Horner ()

, .. P(x) = 3x 3 8x 2 + 7x + 2, x . (x) x :
3x 3 8x 2
3

+ 7x + 2

3x + 3x
(3 8)x 2

x
3x + (3 8)x + (3 8) + 7
2

+ 7x + 2

(3 8)x + (3 8)x
[(3 8) + 7]x + 2
[(3 8) + 7]x + [(3 8) + 7]
[(3 8) + 7] + 2

P( )

Horner

4.2

137

P(x)
3
3

(38)

[(38)+7]

38

(38)+7

[(38)+7]+2

:
(x)
(x).
:

.
.

(x) (x ), (x) x = .
.
Horner
P(x) = 3x 5 + 3x 4 + 6x 13 x 2.
3

6
9

18
18

36
36

72
78

13
156
143

=2

0

x .

(x) = 3x 4 + 9x 3 + 18x 2 + 36x + 78

= (2) = 143

, Horner
, .
, (2) x 2.
Horner (x)
. , x
(), Horner.

138

4: -

1o (4x 2 8x + 4 2 ) : (x )

Horner 4x 2 8x + 4 2 x :
4
4

42

-8

-4

-4

(x) = 4x4 (x) = 0

2 , :
(x )= (x )(x 1 + x 2 + x 3 2 + ...... + 1 )
o

Horner x x
1

.......

2
2

.......

-1

.......

-1

(x ) : (x ) ,

(x)
= x 1 + x 2 + 2 x 3 + ...... + 1
, :

x = (x )(x) + 0
x = (x )(x 1 + x 2 + x 3 2 + ...... + 1 )
3o x+ x + , 0. ' , x +
(x+) (x).

P(x)= x + , P() = () + .
:
, P() = + =2 0,
(x). x+ x + .
, P() = + = 0
(x).
x+ x + .
, 2 : x + = (x + )(x 1 x 2 + x 3 2 ...... + 1 )

4.2

139

1.
.

i) (3x 3 + 6x 2 17x + 20) : (x + 3)

ii) (x 4 81) : (x 3)
iii) (24x 5 + 20x 3 16x 2 15) : (6x 2 + 5) iv) (2x 4 + 4x 3 5x 2 + 3x 2) : (x 2 + 2x 3)
v) x 4 : (x 1)3

vi) (x 5 + 7) : (x 3 1)

2. (18x 80 6x 50 + 4x 20 2) : (x + 1).
3. k, x1
2 4
2
g(x) = k x + 3kx 4.
4. Horner
:

i) ( x 3 + 75x 250) : (x + 10) ii) (x 3 + 512) : (x + 8)

iii) (x 5 + 1) : (x 1) iv) 3x 4 : (x 2)
v) (4x 3 + 16x 2 23x 15) : (x + 1 )
2

5. P(x) =2x 3 2x 2 x + 2409 , (11).

6. x
, (x).

i) P(x) =
x 4 25x 2 + 144,

x+3

ii) P(x) = 16x 8x + 9x + 14x 4, x 1

4
iii) P(x) =x 3 3x 2 + 2, x 1 3
4

7. , x+y
x y .
8.
x .
5x 6 3x 2 4
i) P(x) = 4x 4 + 7x 2 + 12 ii) Q(x) =

9. , x+1

x + 1. (x + 1) : (x + 1).
10. :
i) (3x 2 2x 8 2 ) : (x 2) ii) (x 3 + x 2 2 x 3 ) : (x + )

140

4: -

1. , , x
x , (, ).
2. i) (x)

= P .

ii) , x 3 + x+.

x+,

3. Horner , P(x) = 2x 4 6x 3 + 5x 2 3x + 2 (x-1)(x-2)

.
4. P(x)= (x + 1) 2 x 2 2x 1, 0
2x 3 + 3x 2 + x.
5. , , P(x) = x +1 + x + 1
(x 1) 2 .

4.3

x +=
0, x 2 + x +=
0 x 4 + x 2 + = 0, 0

(x) = 0, (x) , .
:

x + 1x 1 + ...... + 1x + 0 = 0,

0 3x 6 + 5x 2 + 1 =0 , 2x 3 5x 2 + x 2 =
3 6 .

P(x) = x + 1x 1 + ...... + 1x + 0 , ,
() = 0.
1 2 , 3 4
.
.

4.3

141

, 4 . ,
2, .

P1 (x)
P2 (x) ...... Pk (x) =0 (P1 (x) =0 P2 (x) = 0 ... Pk (x) = 0)

, (x) = 0, (x)
.
0. :
, x 3 3x + 2 =
x 3 3x + 2 = 0 x 3 x 2x + 2 = 0
0
x(x 2 1) 2(x 1) =
0
(x 1)[x(x + 1) 2] =

0
(x 1)(x 2 + x 2) =
2
x 1 =0 x + x 2 =
0
x=
1 x = 2

x-
, .

( )
x + 1x 1 + ...... + 1x + 0 = 0 , . 0 ,
0.

0 ,
+ 11 + ...... + 1 + 0 = 0 0 = 11 ...... 1
0 = ( 1 1 2 ...... 1 )

, 1, ,2,..., 1 12 ...... 1
. ,
0.

142

4: -

0
1 x 3 3x 2 + x + 2 =

1, 2 .
Horner P(x) = x 3 3x 2 + x + 2.
:
1

-3

=1

-2
-1
1

1

-2

-1

1 (x)

1
1
2
= 1
-3

-1

-5

-4

-3

-3

-2

-2

-1

-1

P(1)= 1 0

P(1) =3 0
1 (x)

=2

P(2) = 0
2 (x)

x2 (x).

P(x) = (x 2)(x 2 x 1)
(x 2)(x 2 x 1) =
0 2,

1 5
1+ 5

.
2
2

. 0 ,
.. =1.

0.
2o x4 + 5x 3 + 9x 2 + 8x + 4 =

4 : 1, 2, 4. , 1, 2, 4 .
1, 2, 4.

4.3

143

, P(1) =1 0 ,
= 2 :
1
1

-2

-6

-6

=2

P(2) =
0
2 (x)

(x + 2)(x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 2) =
0
Q(x) = x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 2
= 2
1
1

-2

-2

-2

=2

Q(2)=0
2 Q(x)

x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 2 = (x + 2)(x 2 + x + 1)

(x + 2) 2 (x 2 + x + 1) =
0
2.

= A(x) B(x) .... (x)
P(x)
, A(x), B(x),...., (x)
x + () x 2 + x + ().
P(x) , .

x
P(x) = (x 1)(x 2 + x 6)(2x 2 + x + 1).

:
0
x 1 0 x 1,
x 1 x >1 , x =1 x <1 .

144

4: -

0 x 2 + x 6 0 (x + 3)(x 2) 0 x 3 x 2
x 2 + x 6 x < 3 x > 2 , x = 3
x = 2 3 < x < 2.
0 2x 2 + x + 1 = 1 8 = 7 < 0,
x .
, , P(x) , .
x

-3

x-1
x + x-6
2x2+ x+1
P(x)
2

1
-

2
+

+
+

+
+

0
0

+
+
+
+
+

P(x) 3 < x < 1 x > 2 ,

x < 3 1< x < 2 . x = 3,
x =1 x = 2 .
A(x) . B(x). ... . (x)>0 (<0)
A(x) B(x) .... (x) > 0 (< 0) ,
(x 1)(x 2 + x 6)(2x 2 + x + 1) < 0

x P(x) = (x 1)(x 2 + x 6)(2x 2 + x + 1)
.
P(x)
x (, 3) (1, 2).

x 3 3x 2 + x + 2 > 0

1,

1 5
1+ 5
(x 2) x
x
> 0.
2
2

P(x) = x 3 3x 2 + x + 2 :

(x 2)(x 2 x 1) > 0

1 (2, +) (x) ,

4.3

145

1+ 5
.
(x) ,
2 , 2

, x2, . ,
(x) .
+

1 5
2

1+ 5
2

x , 1 5 < x < 1 + 5 x>2.

2

,
. , ,
:

f (x) = x + 1x 1 + ...... + 1x + 0
, < f(),
f() ,
f(x) = 0 , .

:
f (, f()) (,f())
x'x,
.
y
f()
O
f()

y
(,f())

(,f())

f()

x1

x2

x1 x2

x
(,f()) f()

(,f())

x3

146

4: -

x 3 3x + 1 =
0 1 2.
.

B(2,3)
3

f (x) = x 3x + 1
1o :

f (1) =1 < 0

f (2)= 3 > 0

1,5

A(1,1)

, ,
(1,2)
2o : 1,1, 1,2,
... 1,9 :
f (1,5) 0,13 < 0

f (1, 6) 0,30 > 0

(1,5 , 1,6).
3o :
(1,5 , 1,6) :
f (1,53) 0, 01 < 0

f (1,54) 0, 03 > 0
(1,53 , 1,54)
1,53 < < 1,54.
= 1,5.

1. .
i) 5x 4 = 6x 2
iii) 3x 5 + 5x 4 = 3x 3 + 5x 2
3

0
v) x + x 2 =
vii) (x + 1)3 + 1 =0

ix) x 3 +=
8 7(x 2 + 5x + 6) + 9x 2 36

ii) x 3 + 2x 2 9x 18 =
0
iv) x 6 64 =
0
vi) x 3 7x + 6 =
0
viii) 7(3x + 2)2 (1 x)2 (3x + 2)(1 x)3 =
0
x) x 4 3x 3 + 6x 4 =
0

4.3

147

2.

0 ii) 3x 3 + 8x 2 15x + 4 =
0
i) x 3 3x 2 + x + 2 =

0 iv) x 3 + 2x 2 + 7x + 6 =
0
iii) x 3 10x 12 =
3. .

0
i) x 4 + 3x 2 =

0
ii) 2x 4 3x 3 + 6x 2 24x + 5 =

4. ,
x.

i) P(x) = (2 3x)(x 2 x 2)(x 2 x + 1)

( x 2 + 4)(x 2 3x + 2)(x 2 + x + 1)
ii) Q(x) =
5. :

i) 2x 5 162x 0

ii) (x 3 x 2 + 2x 2)(x 2 9) > 0

iii) 2x 3 5x 2 6x + 9 > 0 iv) x 3 4x 2 3x + 18 0

6. :

i) x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 6 > 0 ii) x 4 6x 3 + 22x 2 30x + 13 0

iii) x 3 3x + 2 < 0

iv) x 4 x 3 + x 2 3x 6 0

7. x'x
:

i) f (x) = 3x 3 3x 2 5x 2 ii) g(x) = 4x 3 3x 1

8. , f (x) =x 4 5x 3 + 3x 2 + x
x'x.
9. :

0 ii) (x 1)6 9(x 1)3 + 8 =

0
i) x 8 15x 4 16 =
2

x
x
iii) 6
0
+ 5
6 =
x +1
x +1

0 (0,1)
10. x 3 + 5x 3 =
.

148

4: -

'
1. :
i)

5
22
5
1 3 1 2 1
4
0
x + x + x =
0, ii) x 3 x 2 x + =
6
3
2
10
2
5
5

2. , P(x)= x 4 + x 3 + x 2 16x 12
x+1 x 2.
(x) = 0.
3. k ,

x 3 x 2 + kx + 3 =
0 .

* 4. x + 2x 2 =0, N, 2, * ,
.
5. P(x) =x 6 5x 4 10x 2 + k k
x 1 (x). k
(x) = 0.
x

6.
5dm
9dm,
.
, dm
21dm3.

7. t
3t 2 + t
c = 3
. ,
t + 50
0.
3t 4 + 2t 3 300t 200 =
t .
8. 36m3,
x.

1m
xm

xm

xm

4.3

149

9. .
V,

=
V

500
(2000 100 + 20 2 3 ),
3

.
10. t

,
mm d 15t(t 2 6t 9). =

;

i)
(1,2)

1 1
B( , ).
2 2
ii)
y=x3+x2 x .

x 3 + x 2 5x + 3 =
0
iii)
.

12.

11. ,
,


108cm ( ).
,
11664 cm3.

150

4: -

13.
.

xcm
:

x+2 cm
200ml ,
x+1 cm
1cm,
.
x 3 + 3x 2 + 2x 200 =
0. x
mm.

r+10 cm

r cm

mm. (

h+5cm

5cm

1000
318 ).

) , 250ml,
5cm .

h ( ).

h+

) 1lit,
10cm .

r 3 + 10r 2 318 =
0 r

4.4

, ,
.
.

1o x 2 +

2
1

=
0
2x 1 x(2x 1)

1
x x 0 x .
2
:

4.4

x2 +

151

2
1
2
1
0
x(2x 1)x 2 + x(2x 1)
0

=
x(2x 1)
=
2x 1 x(2x 1)
2x 1
x(2x 1)
2x 4 x 3 + 2x 1 =0
x 3 (2x 1) + 2x 1 =0
0
(2x 1)(x 3 + 1) =

1 1. 2
x = 1.
2

x= x 2.

x 0. , x = x 2 4x + 4, x 2 5x + 4 =
0
x1 = 4 x2 = 1. x, x 0 .
, :
x = 4 : 4= 4 2
x = 1 : 1 = 1 2 .
x=4.

,
,
. .

3o

2x + 7 x =
2.

x
x 7 . ' x :
2

( )
2x + 7 = x + 2
( 2x + 7 ) 2 =(x + 2) 2

( )

2x + 7 = x 2 + 4x + 4
x 2 + 2x 3 =
0

3 1. x=1 .

152

4: -

2x + 6 x + 4 =
1.

x , 2x + 6 0
x + 4 0, x 3. ' x :

2x + 6 =1 + x + 4
( 2x + 6) 2 =(1 + x + 4) 2

( )
( )

2x + 6 =1 + 2 x + 4 + x + 4
x +=
1 2 x+4
(x + 1) 2 = 4(x + 4)

( )

x 2 2x 15 =
0
3 5.
x = 5 .

2, 3 4,
x ,
.

(x)
B(x) > 0 (< 0)
.
:
A(x)
A(x)
> 0 A(x) B(x) > 0
< 0 A(x) B(x) < 0,
B(x)
B(x)
, A(x) B(x) > 0 A(x) B(x) < 0
(x).
,
(x 1)(2x 2 + x + 1)
> 0.
x2 + x 6

(x 1)(x 2 + x 6)(2x 2 + x + 1) > 0 ,

P(x)> 0 , , P(x) x (3,1) (2, +).

4.4

153

A(x)
0 B(x)
x

A(x) B(x) 0 B(x) 0.

x 2 4x + 3
0. :
x 2 + 3x 4

x 2 4x + 3
2

0 (x 2 4x + 3)(x 2 + 3x 4) 0 x + 3x 4 0.
2
x + 3x 4
x 2 4x + 3 1 3 ,

x 2 + 3x 4 1 4 .
:
P(x) = (x 2 4x + 3)(x 2 + 3x 4)
x

-4

x - 4x + 3
x2 + 3x-4
P(x)
2

+
+
+

1
0
0
0

+
0
0

+
-

3
0
0

+
+
+
+

x (, 4) [3, +).

1. :
3x 2 1
2
x 2 3x + 2
x2
2
4
i)
2
=
ii)

=
2
x 1 x +1 x 1
x 1 x x
x

3
2
2. : 2 x + x + 2x 2 = 0
3. :

i)

iv)

x 3 = 4x

x + 3 = x +1

ii)

3x 2 =
4

v)

x + 3=

iii)

10 x + 1 vi)

x 8
+ 3 viii) 1 + 2 x = x + 1
2 x

4. :
2x + 1
x2
0
ii)
i)
>0
x 3
x +1

5x 1 =4
x + x 20 =
10

x
vii) =

iii)

x2 x 2
0
x2 + x 2

154

4: -

5. :
2x + 3
x2
i)
ii)
>4
4
x 1
3x + 5

x
2
x
3
iv)
v)

2x 1 x + 2
3x 5 x 1
6. : x 2 +

iii)

x 2 3x 10
+20
x 1

2
1

2x 1 x(2x 1)

B
1. :

x 3 > x 5

i) 2x + 3 < 1 3x ii)
2. :

0 ii)
i) x + 3 x 10 =
3. :
i) x 2 + x 4=

x 2 + x 2 ii)

x2 + 3 x 6 =
0

x 1 + x 4=

x+4

4. :
i)

x 1 = ii)

4x 2 + =
1 2x

5. 2 4 x 33 x 3 2 x 3x + 4 = 0
( )

1. (x 2 + x + 1)(x 1) = x 3 1, P(x) =x 3 + x 3+1 + x 3+ 2 x2+x+1 (,

, ).
2. :
i) f (x) = x +1 ( + 1)x + 1 (x 1) 2 . .
ii) g(x) = (n - 2)x n -nx n-1 + nx -n + 2 (x 1)3 .
3. :

0
i) x 4 + 2x 3 + 2x + 1 =

0
ii) x 4 + x 3 4x 2 + x + 1 =

( x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x + = 0,
0.
).

4.4

155

: x2
x +

1
=
y.
x

4.

0
i) x 4 + x 3 16x 2 2x + 4 =

0
ii) x 4 + 8x 3 + 13x 2 8x + 1 =

5. (x 2 + 2x 1) 2 3(x 2 + 2x + 3) + 14 =
0
: x 2 + 2x 1 =y.
6. , x 5 + 3x 2 + x + , x 2 2, 5x+8.
7. P(x) =
x17 12x16 + 12x15 12x14 + ... + 12x 1,
(11) (13).
8.
. C
, x
10x 3 100x 2 + 270x 180.
=
i) ;
ii) ;

156

4: -

2 = 1, 414213,

= 2.
2

2,

157

x1,2 =

2 4
2

x 3 + x = (*)
3

+ + + 3 +
x=
2
2
2 2
2 2

* 3 : x 3 + x 2 + x + = 0
x= y x 3 + Ax =
B.
3

158

4: -

 4
5

5.1


. :

, :
.... ,
>1

=

, *

=1
,
:
3
1
1 1 1 1

=
=
8
2 2 2 2

1 1
0 =
1 =
=
, 0 *

. :
2

9
2
3
=
=
4
3
2
1
1
2 2 , 5 4

, 0, .
. O
, . T 2
.. 35 ; Av ( p )q =
pq
, :
2
5 5

2
5
5

(3 =
) 3= 32

5.1

161

2
5

3 x 5 = 32 , 5 32 .
2

3 5 = 5 32 .

Av >0, , :

, , , , 0 = 0.
2

..

=
82

=
83

4
3

27
=

=
64 4

27 4
=

1
=
27 4

1
1
= 4
4
3
27

, .
To . ..
4

1 1
+
3

3 = 4 3 = 4

= 12 = 12 7

:

21,4

1,43,421

1.4

7
3

x 1.4

( 7 3 )

x 3.21 +/
x

:
x x , ;
3 2 ;
( B' . 104)
2 , , .
1, 1,4, 1,41, 1,414, 1,4142,
1,41421, 1,414213,.... (1)

162

5:

2
3:
31, 31,4, 31,41, 31,414, 31,4142, 31,41421, 31,414213, (2)
:
31 = 3
31,4 4, 6555367
31,41 4, 7069650
31,414 4, 7276950
31,4142 4, 7287339
31,41421 4, 7287839
31,414213 4, 7288015
Av :
(1) ,
(2) ,
. 3 2 . 3 2 4, 7288.
:
Av >0, x x ,
+ , ( )
,
( ).
To x x.
:
x= lim

, x>0, 0x=0.
O
:

3
32

2
2

xy
xy

exp

5.1

163

, ' , .
:
, x, x1 , x 2 , :
x1 x 2 = x1 + x 2

x1 : x 2 =
x1 x 2
( x1 ) x 2 =
x1x 2

x
( )x = x

( ) x = x x

. x
x . x x,
:
f : f (x) = x ,
, 1,
.
= 1, f(x) = 1.
f(x) = 2x .
:
x
y=2x

-5

1
32

-4

1
16

-3

1
8

-2

1
4

-1

1
2

16

32

(x, y)

.
,
f (x) = x
>1,
:

y
y=2x

1
0

x
1

164

5:

.
(0, +)
.
.
x1 , x 2 :
x1 < x 2 , x < x

y'y (0,1) x.
1

y
x2

x1

y=x , >1

A(0,1)

x
x1

x2

1
g(x) = .
2
:

x
-5
x
1
32
2

-4

-3

-2

-1

16

1
1
2

2
1
4

3
1
8

(x, y)

.
,

y=( 1 )
2

:
.
(0, +)
.
.
x1 , x 2 :
1

5
1
32

f (x) = x 0<<1,

x1 < x 2 , x > x

4
1
16

y
x1

y=, 0<<1

x 2

y'y (0,1) x.

A(0,1)
x1

x2

5.1

165

x
1
x
f(x) = 2 g(x) =
2
x :
x
1
1

g(x)= = x= 2 x= f ( x)
2
2

y'y.

y=2x

y=2 x
1
x

f(x)=x, 0 < 1,

x1 x 2 , x1 x 2

, , :

x1

= x 2 , x1 = x 2 .

, :

x1 = x 2 x1 =x 2
y

x 2
x 1
x 1

x 2
x1

x2

x1

x2

,
.
.

166

5:

1 :
1
i) 23x =


64

0
ii) 9x 8 3x 9 =

i) :
23x =

1
23x = 26
64
3x =
6
x=
2

11

ii)

32x 8 3x 9 = 0 (3x ) 2 8 3x 9 = 0
3x = y, y28y9 = 0 1 9.
:
3x = 1 3x = 9
' , 3x> 0, 3x = 32
x=2, .
2o :

2 3x 3 2y =22

1 y
x
9
5 3 + 2 =
2

)
((

3x = 2y = :

2 3 = 22

1
5 + 2 = 9
= 1 = 8,

3x = 30
3x = 1

y
2 = 8

x = 0 y = 3.

y
3
2 = 2

5.1

167

3o :
2

1
2

1
9

ii) ( )x

i)
3x 3x >

i)

3x

3x

>

+x

<

1
4

2
1
3x 3x > 32
9 x 2 3x > 2

3 > 1

x 3x + 2 > 0
x <1

x>2

ii)

1 2
1
1 2
1
( )x +x < ( )x +x < ( )2
2
4
2
2
x2 + x > 2

x2 + x 2 > 0

x < 2 x > 1

1
<1
2

4o :

= 2x + 3 ii) g(x) = 2x 3 iii) h(x)

= 2x 3 + 2
i) f (x)

i) f (x) = 2x 3
.
ii) g
(x) = 2x 3
.
iii) h
(x) = 2x
3
2 .
y

y
y=2 x+3

3
O

y=2 x

y=2x3+2

A(3,3)

1
O

y=2x3

3
1

y=2

y=2 x

2
x

x
1

168

5:

e
. 1 ,
100% 1, 2, 3, ... ,
, .
:

= 0 (1 + ) , =
.
100
=1, =1 1= 1(1 + 1)1= 2 .
2

1
1
2= 11 + = 2, 25 .
=2, =
2
2
3
1
1
=3, = 3= 11 + = 2, 44 .
3
3
............................................................................................................................

1
1 1
= 11 + = 1 + .
=, =

:
1

1
1 +

2,25

2,441406

2,613035

1000

10000

100000

1000000

2,716923

2,718145

2,718268

2,718280

( ) (

12

) (

52

) (

2,704813

1
, , 1 +

. e. ,
Leohard Euler (1707-1783). e

e = 2,71828.
1
e lim 1 +
=

5.1

169

. ,
, .
y

e. f(x) = ex.
y=e x
.
1
O

e
Q(t)
= Q0 ec t
(1)

, t. To Qo Q ( t = 0) Q0 > 0, c
. . c > 0 Q
, c<0 Q
.

, , .
= 200 e 0,3t .
t ( ) Q(t)
7 :

Q(7) = 200e 0,3 7 200(2, 718) 2,1 24,5 .

.

:

14
(C )
5730
226
(Ra )
1600
(210)
138
32
( )
14

170

5:

5 ,
Q(t) = Q 0 2

t
5

5 , Q(t)
= Q0 ec t
:
Q
1
0

=Q 0 e c 5 e5 c =

Q(t) = Q0 2 5.

2
1

1
ec = 5 = 2 5
2

1. :
1
i) f (x) = 3x
f1 (x) = ( ) x
3
ii) f (x) = 3x ,
f 2 (x)
= 3x + 2
f 3 (x)
= 3x 3
iii) f (x) = 3x ,
f 4 (x) = 3x 2
f 5 (x) = 3x + 2
iv) f (x) = 3x
f 6 (x)
= 3x 2 + 1
v) g(x) = e x , g1 (x) = e x + 2 , g 2 (x) = e x g 3 (x)
= e x + 2
2. :
i) 2 x = 64
ii) ( 1 ) x = 1
iii) ( 1 ) x = 4
2
8
2
3 x 64
4x
x +1
v) ( ) =
vi) 27 = 9 vii) 32x = 161 x
4
27
3. :

0
i) 22x +1 4 2 x =
2x +1
x
0
iii) 3 26 3 9 =

1
81
x2 x 2
=1
viii) 3
iv) 3 x =

0
ii) 2 4 x 5 2 x + 2 =

4. :
2
i) 5x 5x + 6 < 1
5. :

ii) 7 2x 4 > 7 x +1

1
82x +=
32 44y 1

i) x y
52y +1
5 5 =

3x + 2 y =
11
ii) x
y
7
3 2 =

1
1
iii) ( ) x +1 < ( ) 2x 4
2
2

5.1

171

6. :

e x : e y = 1

x
y
e2
e e =

2 x 2 y =
8
x
y
6
2 + 2 =

i)

ii)

7. w 2 101w + 100 < 0

102x 101 10 x + 100 < 0.

1. , x

2
: f (x) =
. :
2 1

i)

ii)

2. :

45
7
+ x
x+2
3
3
x
x +3
x+4
x+2
2x
x
x 1
iii) 21 3 + 5 = 3 + 5 iv) 3 + 9 =11 4 + 4 x +1
0
i) 4 x 1 5 4 x 2 + 1 =

v) 4 x 3

1
2

x+

=3

1
2

ii) 3x + 3x 1 =

22x 1

3.

3y 2 x =
1
i) y
ii)
x
11
3 + 16 2 =

2 x 5y =
250
y x
40
2 5 =

4. :
x
x
i) f (x) = 3
ii) f (x) = 3
5. f (x)=

1 x
1 x
( + x ) g(x)=
( x ),
2
2
[f (x)]2 [g(x)]2 =
1

6. , 20% .
i)
t .

ii)
iii)
40
.

172

5:

7. 1600 .
5 ,
i) ,
t
1600

t Q(t) = 5(0,5)
ii) 600
2 .
iii) 20000 0,001
.
8.
40.000 15% 6
.
i)
6 .
ii) .
9. x , , x,
I(x)= I0 e 0,5x (x 0),
I .
i) e-0,5x x = 0, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 .
ii) x,
,
I(x)

I0
() 1
() 0,1.
iii) .
10. T(t) ( C) , 0 ,
T(t)
= T0 (1 + e 2t ) (t 0)

i) e-2t t = 0,1, 2, 3
ii) t,
,
T(t)

T0
( ) 1,1

() 2.

5.2

173

11. C ( F) q0 ( Cb). R ( ohm),

.
q(t) = q 0 e

t
RC

(t )

i)

q t.
ii) t
kRC (k )
:
1
1
q0
)
) q 0
10
2

c
R

5.2

1,7%.
1987 5 .
, ;

=1 (1 +
) (.
100
' ) t :

N(t) =
5 109 1, 017 t
t
N(t) = 2 5 109 ,
5 109 1, 017 t = 2 5 109
1, 017 t = 2
:
, - y
, f(t) = 1,017t
2
.
t 41. 1
41
1987, 2028.
O
10

(1)
y=1,017 t

20

40

40

174

5:

, ,
:

x = , > 0 1 > 0
,
f(x) = x . log
.
, > 0 1 > 0, :
a x = q x = loga q
:
O log o

:

log 2 8 = 3
1
log 4 2 =
2
log10 0, 001 = 3

log 0,5 0, 25 = 2

8 = 23

2=4

0, 001 = 103

0, 25 = 0,52

, > 0
1 , x > 0 :

log x =x log =

, 1 = 0 = 1, :
log 1 = 0 log =
=1


, .
, ,
, ,
.

5.2

175

>0 1, 1 , 2 , > 0 k :
log 1 + log 2
1. log (1=
2)

2
3. log =
k k log

1
2. log =
log 1 log 2

1. :

log 1 =x1

x1 =1

log 2 =x 2

x2 =
2

(1)

x1 x 2 = 12 ,
x1 + x 2 = 12


,


log (12 )= x1 + x 2
, (1), :

log (1=
log 1 + log 2

2)
2. .
3. :

(2)
log = x
x
= :

kx =
k
,

log k =kx


, (2), :

log k = k log

> 0

= ,
1
log =
log
log =

176

5:

:
A=

:
A=

1
log 2 256 + 2 log 2 3 log 2 18
2
1
log 2 256 + 2 log 2 3 log 2 18
2
2

= log 2 256 + log 2 3 log 2 18

[ 3]

= log 2 16 + log 2 9 log 2 18

16 9
= log 2

18

[ 1,2]

3
= log
=
log=
3
28
2 2

,
10.
.
, log
log10.
:
log = x 10 x =
, :

log 213

213

log

= 2.328379603

log 0,325

0.325

log

= 0.488116639

e .
e. .
, ln,
loge.
:
ln = x e x =

5.2

177

, , :

ln 325

325

ln

5.783825172

ln0,37

0,37

ln

0.994252273

10
e,
. ,
.
,>0 , 1 , >0 : log =

log
log

log = x. = x , :
log=
log =
x x log=
log log

=
x log )
(

log log=
log , log =

log
log

:
log =

log
log

log =

ln
ln

log
log log, ln ln.
:

log
=
2 17

log17
= 4.087462841
log 2

log > 0 1
> 0, , > 0
1 > 0 .

178

5:

1 Richter R I
I

R = log
I 0
I 0 .
i) R I = 1000I 0
ii) I R I 0
iii)
1 Richter.

1000 0 R = log
i) =

I
:
I0

1000I0
=
R log=
log1000
= 3
I0
ii)

R = log

I
I
= 10R I = I0 10R
I0
I0

(1)

iii) I , I ' R, R' .

R=' R + 1 (1) :

I'

I 10R '

10R +1

10, I=' 10 I
= 0=
=
R
R
I
I
10
10

0

I ' 10 I 1 Richter.
2 p . ' pH = log[H + ] ,
[H + ] H + .
i) pH :
~6, 3 103
: [H + ] ~ 5,0 109
: [H + ] -

ii) [H + ]
:
~ 4, 2
: pH~ 6,6
: pH -

5.2

179

i) pH log(6,3 103 ) 2, 2
pH log(5, 0 109 ) 8,3
ii) pH 4, 2 ,
4, 2 =
log[H + ] log[H + ] =
4, 2 [H + ] =
104,2 [H + ] =
6,3 105
pH 6, 6 ,
6, 6 =
log[H + ] log[H + ] =
6, 6 [H + ] =
106,6 [H + ] =
2,5 107
3o
32 N(t)
= N 0 e 0,0495t , t , 32.

t , N(t) =
N
1
N 0 e 0,0495t =0 e 0,0495t =
2
2

N0
. :
2

1
2
0, 0495t = 0, 69314718
0, 0495t =ln

t=
14

1. , , :
ii) log 1 10
iii) log 1 32
i) log10 0, 001
10

iv) log 9

27

3

8
27

vi) log 3

v) log 2 16

2. x :
1
ii) log 4 x =
i) log10 x = 3

iii) log

3. :
3
ii) log 8 =
i) log 16 = 4

iii) log 0,1 = 3

x=

2
3

4. :
2 ii) 3log10 2 + log10 5 log10 4 =
1
i) log 2 3 + 2 log 2 4 log 2 12 =
iii)

1
1
1
log10 25 + log10 8 log10 32 =
1 log10 2
2
3
5

iv) 2log 2 6 2log 2

=2

180

5:

v) 2 log 2 (2 + 2) + log 2 (6 4 2) =
2
5. t
Q(t) = Q0 e0,34t , Q0
.
;
6. , p ( Pascals),
h ( )
=
p 101300 e kh

i) k, 3050m
68900 Pascals.
ii) 1000m;
7. () . L0
6. L m
:
L

m=
6 2,5 log

L0

i) m
=
L 5 100 L0 .
ii) 1
6 ;
8. S(t) ( ) t
S(t) 100(1 e kt ).
=
i) k, 15000
.
ii) 5 ;

1. :
1
1 log 2 3
2

i) 4

ii) 9 2

log3 18 1

2. 1, 2, 3, ... ,
log1, log2, log3, ...
.
3. log2
log8. -
.
2

= log 2

10 10 10
10

=
log
log
....
10
4. :

5.3

181

5. :

1
1
1
1
log(1 ) + log(1 ) + log(1 ) + .... + log(1 ) =
log
2
3
4

* 6. x> 0 :
*7. :

log x = log 2 x 2

i) log log =1

ii) log 2 log 3 =6

iii) log log log =1

*8. :
i) log + log 1 = 0

ii) log () + log (=

) log () log ()

5.3

.
4.2, x>0 log x. ,
x (0, +) log x,

f : (0, +) f (x) = log x

.
, , f (x) = log x.
log x = y y = x,
(,)
y = log x, (,)
y = x . , , (,) (,) x 'Oy
'.
xOy
:


y = log x y = x

x 'Oy
'.
xOy

182

5:

y
(,) y=x

y= x

1
y=

(,)

(,)
x

(,)

>1
y=logx

y=logx
y=x

0<<1

f (x) = x :
> 1, g(x) = log x :
(0, +)

.
,

x1 < x 2 , log x1 < log x 2
' :
( log x < 0, 0<x<1) ( log x > 0, x>1)

logx2

logx1
A(1,0)

x2

x1

y=log x, >1

x'x (1,0)
Oy'.
y
0 < < 1,
g(x) = log x :
(0, +)
y=log x, 0<<1

x
.
x
x
A(1,0)
, :
logx
1

x1 < x2 , log x1 > log x 2
' :

logx2

( log x > 0, 0<x<1) ( log x < 0, x>1)

x'x (1,0)
Oy.
, :
x1 x 2 , log x1 log x 2

5.3

183

, , :
log x1 = log x 2 , x1 = x 2
, :
log =
x1 log x 2 =
x1 x 2

.. log 2 (x 2 1) =
3, :
log 2 (x 2 1) = 3 log 2 (x 2 1) = log 2 23
log 2 (x 2 1) =
log 2 8
x2 1 =
8
x2 =
9

x =
3 x = 3

,
.
-
1
i) (x) =
ln x ii) f (x)
= ln x + 1 iii) g(x)
= ln(x 2)

(x) = lnx :

x
y=lnx

0,2
1,6

0,3
1,2

0,5
0,7

0,7
0,4

(x, y)

(x)=lnx.
f(x)=lnx+1
(x)=lnx
1 ,
g(x)
= ln(x 2)
(x)=lnx 2 .

1
0

2
0,7

3
1,1

4
1,4

5
1,6

y
y=1+Inx

1
x

3
2

y=Inx

y=In(x-2)

184

5:

2 :

2>1
:
2log 0,5 > 1 log 0,5
log 0,52 > log 0,5
log 0, 25 > log 0,5

0, 25 > 0,5,

2>1 log0,5<0
.
3 :
log 2 (x 2 x) =1 + log 2 (x 1)

x 2 x > 0 x 1 > 0.
:
log 2 (x 2 x)
= log 2 2 + log 2 (x 1) log 2 (x 2 x)
= log 2 [2(x 1)]
x 2 x= 2(x 1)

x=
1 x=2

x x=2 . , x = 2.

1. :
f (x) = log 2 x
g(x) = log 1 x


2

; .
2.
:
g(x)
= log x 1 h(x)
= log(x 1)
f (x) = log x ,

3. f (x) = x
g(x) = log x
:
i) (2,4)
ii) B(2, 4) iii) (2, 4) i) (2, 4)
4. ASA
DIN. x ASA y DIN y = 1+101ogx,
x= 50, 100, 200,
400, 800, 1600 ASA. ; ( log2 = 0,3).

5.3

185

5. :
log 2 ii) log(x 1) + log x =1 log 5
i) log(x + 1) + log(x 1) =
2
2
log 2
iii) log x = (log x)
iv) log(x 2 + 1) log x =
6. :
i) 5x = 21 x ii) 3x 1 = 2 x +1
7. :
i) log 3 2 log 3 5

ii) log 0,3 5 log 0,3 7

iii) log(x 2 + 1) log 2x

8. [H + ] > 107 [H + ] < 107.
p.

1. :
ii) f (x) =

i) f (x) = ln x
f (x) log(10x 20)
iv)=

1
ln x 2
2

iii) f (x) = ln x

2. :
i) f (x) = ln(x + x 2 + 1)

ii) f (x) = ln

3. x

1 x
1+ x

log178, log 81(2 x + 2 3x ), x log 3

;
* 4. log=
log log = =

5. :

0
ii) ln 4 x 5ln 2 x + 4 =

i) log x = log x

6. x log5 = 5log x

2log x

7. :

log(xy) = 4 log 2

i)

3(log 2)
log x log y =

= 5 + 4 x log5
xy = 8
y = 2x
iii)
=
y log x + log 2
log y = 2 log x 2 log

ii)

8. :
i) log x 2 > (log x) 2

ii) log(x 2 4) < log 3x iii) x log x > 10

* 9. log 2 3 > log 6 9

10. , > 0 :

>

186

5:

()

1. :
2
1 ii) x x +3x +1 = x
i) (x 2 3x + 1)3x 5 =
2. :
log + log
=
2 log log ( + , 1 )
+

3. ( )

log

= 2 , log , log log

(0 < , , 1, > 0) .
4. , , ,
:

log log
log log

log 0 < , , , 1

log

5. log 5 = 1 log 2

x log(2x ) = 5

6. (0, ) :

log x 2 + log x 2 + log x 2 log x 2 =

0

7. (0, ) : (x)x = (x)x

2
8. : 27 x + 12 x 2 8x > 0

187

4096
:128 32
=

(12 7 5)
=

16 4096 =
(4 3 12)
=
4
4096 8=
(12 : 4 3)
=

188

5:

100.000.000
0 =

+1 = + 10.000

+1 =
1 + 4 ,
10
= 1+

1
= 1, 0001
104

= 0

=
10 1 + 4 ,
10
8

0 =
100.000.000

0 = 0

1 =100.010.000

10 = 1

2 =
100.020.001

20 =

2
.....................................................................................................

=
108 1 + 4
10

=
999.999.779
23027

10 =
230.270 = 23027

189

2 4 8 16 32 64
= = = =
=
= ....
1 2 4 8 16 32

190

5:

=
10 1 + 4
10

10

1
1 +
=

108 104

10

10
10 105
105
104

1
1
=
1 + 4 =
1 + 4

10
10
4

x=

108

y=

10

1
x 1 + 4
=
10

105

104

1 + 4
10

x = ey ,

=
2, 718145927

y = ln x.

ln(1, 00984768)
= 9, 7995075 =
103 0, 0097995075 0, 0098

191

y=

1
,
x

y= 1

192

5:

A = log E

 (' )

193

( )

1. :

2 x 2 3xx 2 x = 3
2. i) x + x =
2 + 2 2 .

ii) (1 + t) x + t x = 2 t (, ).
3. 3 =

,
12

3 3

1 32

x 3 3x 2 3x + 1 =0.

4. ( 9)
198
= 22 9 9. 1+9+8 = 18
9.
17397
= 1933 9 1+7+3+9+7 = 27 9.
:
9, +++ 9.
: << >>= 103 + 102 + 10 + . f (x) = x 3 + x 2 + x + f (x) = (x 1)(x) + f (1)
x=1 x=10.
5. ( ).
.
: x + 1x 1 + .... + 1x + 0 = 0

. 0 -

, 0
. :
i) :
2x 3 + x 2 + x 1 =0
6x 4 + 29x 3 + 27x 2 + 9x + 1 =0

ii) 2 12 .
6. 3x + 4 x =
5x .
7.
x

2 4
2x
+ =
3 3

194

(' )

8. 2 log(x + 3) = log(x) ;
9. x + log x = 2 (0,) 4
.
10. : log 3 (16x 2 12x ) 2x + 1
11. i)
f (x) = ln x g(x) = 1 x
ln x 1 x.

ii) f (x) = ln x g(x) =

x 2 + 1
ln x x 2 + 1.
12. , , , ,
:

= =
, , > 0,
++ =

: 2 = 2 + 2 2

2 = 2 + 2 2 B

2 = 2 + 2 2
13. , , , ,
:

= =

, , > 0,
++ =

() = , (KM) = ,
() = ,
= ,
= ,
=

14. , , , ,
:
2 = 2 + 2 2

0 < , , <
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2

= =

++ = .

15. , , , ,
:
2 = 2 + 2 2
0 < , , <
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2

, (M) = , (KM) = ,
() = ,
= A,
= ,
= .

195

(3, 1)
(3, 4)

ii)

3 5
, .
4 3

(21, 24)
(5, 2).

3,
= 3,

+2
,
,
2

(2, 1).

3
= 3,

10. x = , y = , z = .

( 3 + 1)( + 1), ,

11.

(4,3, 5)

f (x) = x 2 4x + 3,

(10 + 2, 16 + 2, ),

g(x) =
x 2 + 2x + 3,

1
x 1
1 : y =
x + 2, 2 : y =
2

h(x)
= 0,5x 2 3x + 4.

(1, 2), (2, 1).

1
11
R=
T + .
600
30
1
1 = ,
2

1,

2 =

1
2

3
.
2

2 + + 1
,

,
+1
+1

2.

2 4
,
3 3

3 2 3 2
,

,
2
2
3 2 3 2
,

2
2

(1, 2), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2,1).

196

(4,3), (4,3), (0, 5).

(1, 0), (3, 0), (2, 1), (4,3).
= 450.
1. x = 3, y = 3 2,

2. = 1, = 3.
3.
1.

(,1],

[1, +),

(, 0],

[2, +),

(, 1],

[1, 0],

4.

2
3

[1, +).

33
4

5460

f (1) = 1

18000
.

h(1) =
2, h(1) = 2
f (x) f (3)
g(x) g(1)

6.

1 3 3
,
,
, 3
2 2 3
3 1
3
, , 3,
2 2
2
0, 1, 0,
0,1, 0,

478, 733, 1062

4.

f (x) =2 (x 1) 2 + 3
f (x) =2 (x 2) 2 1.
2(x 2) 2

2(x 3) 2 3

2(x + 2) 2

2(x + 3) 2 3

2 2
12 + 8 3, 12 3

58.

2 2
.
2

197

3. + ( + ) =180 ,

2.
3.

4
3
4
x = , x = , x = .
5
4
3
5
5
2 5
, x = , x =
.
x =
3
2
5
1
3
x = 3, x = , x =
.
2
2

5
,
=
x
2

4.
=
x

+
90.
=
2 2

5
2
,
=
x
.
3
3

5. 8 5 20 .

2.

6.
2 1
2
2
2 1
(3 2 )
.
2

2
2
1

x
y = x, y = , y = 3x
2
y = x, y = 3x, =
y 0,5x,
y = 2,5x.

3.3
1200 =

3
1
, 1200 = ,
2
2

3
1200 =
3, 1200 =

.
3

ii)

2.

1
3
(2850 ) =
, (2850 ) = ,
2
2
3

(2850=
)
, (2850=
)
3.
3

187
1
= ,
6
2

187
3
=
,
6
3

187
3
=
6
2

187
= 3.
6

21
2
21
2
=
,
=
4
2
4
2

21
21

=
1.
4
4

3
2
3

2
3

x = ,
x= 2 +

x= 2 +

x= 2 +

x = + ,
2

x= 2 ,
4
x= 2

3
,
2

7
,
6

198

x= 2 ,
2
3
x= 2 ,
4
x= 2 + , .

22
, .
45
6 +
6 + 2
=
x
=
x
,
9
9
x = +

x
=

x=
x = ,

=
x
x = + ,
6

x = + ,
4
x=

x = + , .
6

x = ,
6
x
=

x = ,
3

=
x
x= 2 +
x= 2 +
3
2
10. =
2
x= 2 +
,
3

5
=

10 + 5,
42 + 7
,
12
5
,
6
24 + 7
24

24
,
36

12
, .
60

2
2

2 +
6
55
== 22
, ,

66

x= 2

6 + 2
,
9

x= 2 +
4
4
x= 2 ,

x =
x = + ,
3
4
2

x = 2
x =
3
3

x = + ,
2

x= 2 ,
3

t = , .
6

2
x= 2
x= 2
,
2
3
3
3
x= 2 +
x= 2 + ,
5
5
2
x= 2
,
3
3
x= 2 + ,
5

x= 2

4
,
5

12.

3.

199

x=

3
g = 7.
2

,
2

g = 7
2

3
x=
2

3x

1
2

2(1 + 3)
,
4
2(1 3)
105 =
,
4
105 = 2 3,

7. 105 =

105 = 2 + 3,

x = ,
2(1 3)
8
195 =
,

4
=
x
+ ,
5 30
2(1 + 3)
195 =
,

4
x = + ,
4
195= 2 3,

2
x =
x = +
,
4
5
195= 2 + 3.
2
x = +
,
33
( + ) = ,
5
65
13
.
56
4
( + ) =
,
65

, .
33
2
( + ) =
,
56
7 13 19
56
,
,
,
( + ) =
.
12
2
12
12
33

x = + ,
6

x = ,
1
1
3

2
2

x = + ,
4
2
x
2
( )

200

( + 2) = (( + ) + ) = ....

3. x =
4.

x=

5
.
4

,
4

= = ....
4

8. x =

x=

2 2+ 2
=
,
16
2+ 2+ 2

2
.
3

2+ 2+ 2
=
.
16
2 2+ 2

4
,
=
, =
2
13
2
13

2
3
= , = .
2 3
2 2

3
2

3
3
4

,
3

x= 2 ,
2
x= 2 + ,

2 =

16
13

x= 2 x= 2 + ,
x= 2

x= 2 + ,
3
2

2
x= 2 ,
2
3

x= 2

( + 2) =

1
= , = 2.
2
2
2

x= 2

24
7
, 2 =
,
25
25
24
7
2 =
, 2 = .
7
24

4
=
, = ,
2
5
2
5

3.

3
+
=
,
8 8 2
3

= ...
8
8

6. x= 2 x= 2 + x= 2 + 5 ,
2

6
6

x = ,
x = +
3
3

2 2+ 2
=
,
16
2

=
16

2+ 2+ 2
,
2

1
,
4

3+2
4

201

1
4

1
4

++ =

3x x

2x 6x
2x + 8x
1
(8x 4x)
2
1
2x
2

11

f (x) = 2 x +

f (x)
= 2 x +
4

f (x) = 2 x +

f (x)
= 2 x
4

2 +

x
=
x =
,
3
10
=
x

2 +
2
x
=
,
8
2

6
2

5.

2
2

23xx

2 4xx

2 2x 2x

4
,
3

x= 2
2

x
2 2 +
4 2

x= 2

x
.
2

x = x = 2 +
4
6
5
x= 2 + ,
6
2 2

x =
=
x

7
12
11
x= 2 +
,
12

x= 2

x = +
12
12

,
3

6 + 2

x=
9
6
6 2
x
,
=
9
x=

x= 2 ,

2.

5
=

12
12

=
() + (
) 2 2 +
4

= ,
4
() + () = 2 2.

202

3.

6
5
x= 2 + ,
6
x= 2 +

10
2 2 + 2, 2 2 + 2.

4. x = +

7
x = +
,
24
24

5. = ,
4
=
h 40( 2 1)

13
3
(10 + 2 2)m,
7

6.

(10 2 2)m

= ,
8
P= 1+ 2

6.

(t + 1)
10 + 4

4
2
6+ 2
,
2
4

12. x= 2 +
4
2
=
x
+ ,
3
4

9.
1. AB 284 m
2. B 1,58 m
5. 1150
6. 51, 2 m
7. 60, 25
1.-5.

6 2
,
4

= =
, Smax 200( 2 + 1)
8

15. B = 60 , =45

6.-7.
8.-10.
1

2
= 300.
11.

1.

3.

4. x= 2 ,
3

3. =

13. =
S 200 2 2 + + 200
4

2.
1
2
4. =1

5.

1,

203

5. P(11) =
4840
6.
1.

P(x)
= x y

7.
= 10,

P( y) =
0
8.

2. = 2, = 19
3. = 3, = 5

9.
10.

4.
2 2
0, ,
3 3
2
=
3

2
3

5. P(x) = x 2 5x + 1.

P(x)
= x +1

1.
2.

P(1) =
0.

x =
x

P(x) = (x + )(x) +

= 0 = =

3.
1.

(x) = 3x 3x 8,
3

(x) = x + 3x + 9x + 27,
16
5
, (x) =

6
3
2
(x) = 2x + 1,

(x) = 4x 3

x 1

x2

4.

P(0) = 0, P(1) =
0,
1
P( ) =
0
2
5. = , = 1

(x) =x + 3, (x) = 6x 2 8x + 3

(x) =
x 2 , (x) = x 2 + 7
2.
3.
4.

k = 4
(x) = x 2 + 10x 25, = 0

(x)= x 2 8x + 64, = 0
(x)= x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x + 1, = 2
(x) = 3x 3 6x 2 12x 24, = 48
(x)
= 4x 2 + 14x 30, =
0

1.

0,

6
6
,
5
5
5
0,1, 1,
3
1, 2, 3

2,3, 3
2, 2
2

2
13
,1,
3
22
2,9 + 4 5,9 4 5
2, 2 , 1, 2

204

2.

1, 4

3.

1, 2

1, 5

6.

x > 2
x 1

x < 2

x =1

x2

1
( , 0)
2
8. 2 5 < x < 0 1 < x < 2 + 5

7.

9.

3
,2
5

2, 2

1.

2. x = 2 +

1, 2, 4

6. x 1

3, 2, 15

x>0

3
2
x<
2
5
x 5 < 0,
x 5 0

2.

3. 3,1, 7, 11
4.

5. 1, 1, 2 + 3 2 ,
6.

3, 2

< 0, 0
x<

, x
2
2

x= 2 +
2
6

x= (2 + 1) ,
6

x= 2 +
5.

x 2 y = 11664,

11. y + 4x 108

3.
4.

2+3 2

7. t 4, 6 c 0, 45
8.
9.
10.

1.
P(x) (x 2 + x + 1) =

=
y 5x 3

x1 = 1

x = (2 + 1) ,
6
6

59

2. 1, 2, 2, 3

12.

2,

3.

1.
1.

x = 3

x 2 = 3

(3, 18)

x 3 1 + x 3+1 x + x 3+ 2 x
2.
f (x) =
x (x 1) (x 1) =

205

....
= (x 1)P(x)

x=

P(x) = (x 1)(x)
g(x)
= (x 1)P(x)
P(x)
= (x 1)Q(x)
Q(x) = (x 1)(x).

3.

3.

x
1
x+ =
y.
x

5.

4.

x2

1.

5.

2
=
y,
x

x = 1
x = 1

4.

4
9

1
=
y.
x

x 2 + 2x 1 =y

1
< <1
2
1
<<2
2

1< < 2
1

2.
x = 1,

x 2 + 2x + 3 = y + 4.

x=

3.

7.

x = 2.

6.

8.

P(x)= x17 1 12x

9.

16

x 1
x +1

8.

10.

x = 3

x = 2
1
x=
5

x=

3
2

Q(t)= 5 (0,8) t

7.

9.

2.

3
,
2

11.

T(t)
= 40 (0,85) t , 0 t 6

206

x 100
=
x 1=
1.

3
3

5
1
2

2.
3.

6.

1
4
3

10

5. 6 46
6. 0, 000126
7.
h

8.
1.

1
=
x e=
x e 2

0,16

x=

4
3

g(x) = log 4 2 x
f (x) = 2 x
x
1
f (x) =
2
g(x) = log

1
2

4.
5.

1
2

log =

x=

x = 3
3.

x 4, 4190

min

log
log
8. 10.
7.

x = log 2

x= 3

x=
4
x=

x = 1

5
3

207

( )
1. x = +

12

,
4

2. ii) x= 2 + ,
2
3. x = 1
x = +

x= 2 3
x= 2 + 3 .

= 2 3
12

1
5. i1 ) x =
2

1 1
i 2 ) , , 2 3, 2 + 3
2 3

2
x 2 =
0
.
6. x=2
ii)
2

7. x=1
8. <0

=12

4
10. 2, 4094 < x 3,8188

9. x =

11. i) x (0,1]
ii) x [1, +)

 . 3966/2011 ,
, , .. ..
-
. ,

.


7 1129 15/21
1946 ( 1946, 108, ).

, (copyright),
,
, /
- .