M hnh pht tri n (2)

Nguy n Thanh Bnh

Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin Tr ng i h c Bch khoa i h c N ng

N i dung
Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m Cc m hnh pht tri n ph n m m

Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Phn tch tnh kh thi Phn tch v c t yu c u Thi t k M ha Ki m th B o tr
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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Phn tch tnh kh thi
xc nh v n c n gi i quy t, xem xt cc gi i php v k thu t khc nhau
thu n l i b tl i

nh gi v th i gian, gi thnh, ngu n ti nguyn c n thi t S n ph m: ti li u phn tch

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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Phn tch v c t yu c u (1)
xc nh nhu c u c a khch hng/ng i s d ng
xc nh bi ton, ch khng ph i l gi i php

kh khn
khch hng khng bi t r ci h c n khch hng khng trnh by r ci h mu n cc thay i

S n ph m: ti li u c t yu c u
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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Phn tch v c t yu c u (2)
cc b c
kh o st, t ng h p yu c u phn tch yu c u c t yu c u h p th c ha yu c u

Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Phn tch v c t yu c u (3)
T ng h p v phn tch yu c u c t yu c u H p th c ha yu c u M hnh h th ng Yu c u h th ng c a ng i s d ng
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Ti li u c t yu c u

Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Thi t k (1)
chuy n t ti li u c t yu c u thnh c u trc l-gc c th ci t c gi i php cho v n c c t thi t k ki n trc
cc moun v giao di n c a cc m-un

thi t k giao di n thi t k cc m-un

c u trc d li u thu t ton

S n ph m: ti li u thi t k
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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Thi t k (2)
Thi t k ki n trc Thi t k giao di n Thi t k m-un

ct ki n trc

Thi t k c u trc d li u

ct giao di n

Thi t k thu t ton

ct m-un

ct c u trc d

li u

ct thu t ton

Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Thi t k (3)
cc phng php thi t k
h ng ch c nng h ng i t ng

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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
M ha v g r i
m ha
ci t cc thi t k b ng ngn ng l p trnh khng n thu n ch l l p trnh
vi t ti li u insertions/invariants chu n l p trnh (coding standards) l p trnh theo c p (pair programming) cng c qu n l phin b n

g r i
pht hi n cc l i trong qu trnh l p trnh

S n ph m: chng trnh

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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Ki m th (1)
pht hi n l i trong chng trnh l p k ho ch th c hi n ki m th
t o cc tr ng h p ki m th tiu chu n ki m th ngu n ti nguyn ki m th

m ngu n c ki m th theo ti li u thi t k S n ph m: bo co ki m th

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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Ki m th (2)
cc ho t ng ki m th
ki ki ki ki m th m th m th m th n v tch h p h th ng ch p nh n

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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
Ki m th (3)
cc phng php ki m th
ki m th tnh ki m th ng
ki m th h p en ki m th h p tr ng

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Cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m
B o tr
b o m chng trnh v n hnh t t ci t cc thay i ci t cc yu c u m i x l cc l i khi v n hnh S n ph m: chng trnh
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Cc m hnh pht tri n ph n m m

S t ch c cc ho t ng pht tri n ph n m m M hnh pht tri n ph n m m hay ti n trnh pht tri n ph n m m C nhi u m hnh pht tri n ph n m m
m hnh thc n c m hnh nguyn m u m hnh V m hnh ti n ha m hnh xo n c m hnh h p nh t
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M hnh thc n c (waterfall model)

Phn tch tnh kh thi Phn tch v c t yu c u

Thi t k

M ha v ki m th Ci t v b o tr

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M hnh thc n c
u i m
d n nh yu c u xc nh

Nh c i m
d n l n th i gian s al i yu c u thay i
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M hnh nguyn m u (prototyping model)

Phn tch yu c u Thi t k nhanh Xy d ng nguyn m u nh gi

Thi t k

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M hnh nguyn m u
u i m
pht hi n yu c u h p th c ha yu c u thi t k giao di n
giao di n trn gi y giao di n th t

h th ng c r i ro cao
yu c u khng ch c ch n giao di n cha r rng chi n l c ci t cha r rng
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M hnh nguyn m u
H n ch
khch hng c th cho r ng nguyn m u l h th ng th c
mong i khng th c t v ti n tri n c a d n

ng i pht tri n c s ch n l a khng t t

ph h p cho nguyn m u, nhng khng ph h p cho h th ng th c xy d ng h th ng th c nh xy d ng nguyn m u

nguyn m u khng gi ng hon ton h th ng cu i cng

khch hng s c cc ph n ng khc nhau

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M hnh V (V model)
Nh n m nh vai tr ki m th
c t yu c u Thi t k ki n trc Thi t k chi ti t M ha Ki m th h th ng Ki m th tch h p Ki m th n v

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M hnh ti n ha (evolutionary model)

ct
Phin b n u tin

Pht tri n
Phin b n trung gian

H p th c ha

Phin b n cu i cng

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M hnh ti n ha
u i m
d n v a v nh cc ph n c a d n ph c t p cc h th ng c th i gian s ng ng n

H n ch
c u trc h th ng t i ti n trnh khng r rng
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M hnh xo n c (spiral model)

Determine objectives alternatives and constraints Evaluate alternatives identify, resolve risks Risk analysis Risk analysis Risk analysis Risk analysis Prototype 1 Concept of Operation Prototype 2 Prototype 3 Operational protoype

REVIEW Requirements plan Life-cycle plan

Simulations, models, benchmarks S/W requirements

Product design

Development plan Integration and test plan

Requirement validation Design V&V Acceptance test Service

Detailed design

Code Unit test Integration test Develop, verify next-level product

Plan next phase

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M hnh xo n c
nh n m nh vi c nh gi cc r i ro ph n m m c xy d ng theo nhi u chu k m i chu k tng ng v i m t s n ph m c a m t giai o n pht tri n ph n m m
xc nh cc m c tiu, gi i php, rng bu c nh gi cc gi i php, xc nh cc nguy c v tm cch gi i quy t chng pht tri n v ki m th s n ph m c a chu k ny l p k ho ch cho chu k ti p theo

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M hnh xo n c
R i ro v gi i php cho r i ro
th t b i v nhn s
tuy n d ng nhn s cao c p, o t o l n nhau, c y cc nhn s v i ch c nng khc nhau...

th i gian bi u v ngn sch khng th c t

nh gi th t chi ti t, pht tri n d n d n, ti s d ng, lo i b b t cc yu c u khng c n thi t ...

pht tri n cc ch c nng khng ph h p

trao i th ng xuyn v i ng i s d ng, c ti li u h ng d n s d ng s m...

pht tri n giao di n ng i dng khng thch h p

c n phn tch cc cng vi c, xy d ng cc hnh m u tr c, ...

thi u yu c u t ra
pht tri n cc ph n n nh tr c

v n v hi u qu
c n ph i m ph ng, o l ng, th nghi m...

i h i v t qu s p ng c a cng ngh hin hnh

phn tch k tnh kh thi v m t k thu t

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M hnh xo n c
u i m
h n ch r i ro s m nh n c feedbacks t khch hng s m d n l n, ph c t p h th ng c n pht tri n nhi u phin b n yu c u cha xc nh r rng
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M hnh h p nh t (unified process)

Ti n trnh h p nh t c th c nhn d i hai gc nhn khc nhau
Gc nhn qu n l: quan tm n lnh v c kinh t , chi n thu t, con ng i
Ti n trnh g m b n giai o n

Gc nhn k thu t: quan tm n cng ngh , ki m tra ch t l ng, phng php

Ti n trnh g m nhi u b c l p
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M hnh h p nh t
Gc nhn qu n l
tv n

V n

Gi i quy t v n

Gi i php

Th c hi n

Kh i u Inception
Th i gian
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So n th o Elaboration

Xy d ng Construction

Chuy n giao Transition

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M hnh h p nh t
Gc nhn k thu t: cc b c l p
M i b c l p g m cc ho t ng:
ct Phn tch Thi t k M ha Ki m th Ci t

M i b c l p l m t ti n trnh thc
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M hnh h p nh t
Gc nhn k thu t
B c l p B c l p chu n b B c l p ki n trc B c l p ki n trc B c l p pht tri n B c l p pht tri n B c l p pht tri n B c l p chuy n giao B c l p chuy n giao Th i gian
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K t qu M u th (maquette) Nguyn m u ki n trc Nguyn m u ki n trc Nguyn m u pht tri n Nguyn m u pht tri n Phin b n Phin b n Phin b n chnh th c

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M hnh h p nh t
K t h p hai gc nhn
B c l p
B c l p chu n b B c l p ki n trc B c l p ki n trc B c l p pht tri n B c l p pht tri n B c l p pht tri n B c l p chuy n giao B c l p chuy n giao
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K t qu
M u th (maquette) Nguyn m u ki n trc Nguyn m u ki n trc Nguyn m u pht tri n Nguyn m u pht tri n Phin b n Phin b n Phin b n chnh th c

Giai o n
Kh i u So n th o

Xy d ng

Chuy n giao

Th i gian

M hnh h p nh t
M hnh h p nh t v UML

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K t lu n
C nhi u m hnh pht tri n ph n m m
m hnh tuy n tnh
m hnh thc n c m hnh nguyn m u m hnh V

m hnh l p
m hnh ti n ha m hnh xo n c m hnh h p nh t

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K t lu n
K t h p nhi u m hnh cho m t d n
h th ng ph c t p, chia d n thnh cc h th ng con m hnh xo n c hay m hnh h p nh t cho ton b d n m i h th ng con c th p d ng m t m hnh khc nhau
m hnh nguyn m u cho cc h th ng con ph c t p m hnh thc n c cho cc h th ng con khc
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