tcspfSmazGol

tcef;(1)
txufaumif;uifjyifwGif kdarSmiftkyfqdkif;vsuf? vlae&yfuGufrsm;rSmvnf; wdwfqdwf
NidrfoufvSonf/
xdktcsdefwGif wpfckaom wdkufcef;tay:xyf rdef;rysKdESifha,mufsm;ysKdwdkYrSm t0wftpm;
Avmusif;vsuf SdaeMuonf/ a,musfm;ysKdrSm &JEdkifjzpfNyD;? wuodkvfausmif;om; wpfa,mufjzpf\/
um,Av awmifhwif;\/ txl;ojzifh vD;rSm wpfxGmcefYSdNyD; wkwfcdkif\/ rdef;rysKdrSm rrat; qdkol
jzpfNyD; tysKdBuD; ylylaEG;aEG;jzpf\/
&JEdkif\BuD;rm;aom vD;BuD;rSm olr\apmufywftm; acgif;ndrfhac:aeovdk wqwfqwf
rmawmifaeayonf/ olronf rsuaf phukd rSw
d u
f m aygifEpS af csmif;tm; ,Suv
f rd
f cg;aumhxm;av
onf/ &JEdkif\atmfvH'pfNyJ vD;BuD;tm; olr\aygifESpfvkH;Mum;xJodkY xdk;oGif;vdkuf\/ ol\vD;BuD;rSm
apmufaphudk cvkwfwdkufNyD; aygifESpfvkH;Mum; 0ifoGm;ojzifh olr\apmufacgif;twGif;rS ,m;,Haom
a0'emudk cHpm;&ojzifh apmuf&nfMunfrsm; wpdrfhpdrfhpD;qif;vmavawmhonf/
olr\vdr,
f u
S x
f m;aom aygifEpS af csmif;tm; &JEikd u
f ol\'l;ESpv
f ;Hk jzifh qGu
J m;Ny;D ? apmufacgif;
t0 vD;BuD;udk awhay;vdkufojzifh olrrSmtxufodkY wGefUueJjzifhum vlrrmNiD;ovdk yg;pyfrS
w[if;[if; jzpfay:vmonf/ &JEdkifonf EdkUESpfvkH;udk cyfwif;wif;qkyfudkifacsrGaeojzifh olrrSm
wpfudk,fvkH; xdk;xdk;wGefYwGefYjzpfvmNyD;? zifBuD;ESpfvkH;udk aumhay;awmh upm;vmav\/
]]armifav; rrudk ESdyfpufaewmvm;uG,f...}}
&JEdkifonf bmpum;rQjyefrajymyJ apmufywfwjyifvkH;udk tomt,myGwfoyfaeojzifh olr
apmufacgif;twGif;rS apmufa&Munfrsm;u tqrwefxGufusvm&m awhxm;aom vD;xdyfzsm;
wpfckvkH; pdkTJaeavawmhonf/
]]cspfcGifhjyKygawmh aemf rrat;}}
]]'Dtajca&mufrSawmh rxl;ygbl; rif;xifovdkjyKawmh...}}
]]0rf;omvdkufwm rrat;&,f...}}
&JEikd o
f nf tBuKd uaf wGUvmonfjzpf olr\aygifEpS v
f ;Hk udk vufEiS x
hf yfrq
H u
JG m;Ny;D apmuf&nf
tTJom;ESifh NyJtmaeaom apmufacgif;&J&JBuD;twGif;odkY ol\vD;BuD;udk aqmifhxdk;vdkuf&m...
]]trav;...uRwfuRwf...emvdkufwm armifav;&,f...}}
olronf vifrSad om tysKBd u;D jzpfaomaMumifh a,mufsm;wpfO;D \ tvd;k taqmif?h taSmifh
wdkYudk rcHcJh&bl;onfhtjyif &JEdkif\vD;BuD;rSm rem;wrf;0ifoGm;ojzifh a,mif,rf;atmfvdkufjcif;yif
jzpfonf/ odaYk omf atmforH mS ESpu
f ,
kd Mf um;&,ko
H m jzpf\/ &JEikd o
f nf tpdr;f oufoufjzpfaom olrtm;
rcHEdkifrSef;odSd&ojzifh rdkYarSmufaeaom EdkUESpfvkH;udk wpfvkH;NyD; wpfvkH; ukef;pdkYae\/
]]rrat;...}}
]][if bmvJarmifav;...}]
]]uRefawmf pdwfSdoavmuf cspfy&apvm;Asm...}}
]]cspfcspf rif;BudKufoavmuf cspfprf;uG,f armifav;...}}

2
olronf pdw
d x
f vmNyjD zpf umrqEukd zGix
hf w
k v
f u
kd o
f vdk &JEikd u
f vnf; olr yck;H ESpzf uftm;
csKdif;Mum;atmufrS vufvQKdoGif;NyD; uspfuspfygatmif qkwfudkifvsuf cyfjyif;jyif; aqmifhvdk;ae\/
]]bGwf-zGyf-zGyf-bGwf}} [laom toHwdkYrSm wcef;vkH; yJUjyifxyfae\/
]]ajz;ajz;vkyfyg armifav;&JU}}
]]rru vkyfEdkifNyDqdkwmeJY wtm;aqmifhawmh wcgrQ rcHbl;awmh atmifhwmaygh}} &JEdkifonf
apmufacgif;twGif;qDodkY t&rf;aqmifhoGif;aeaom vD;BuD;udk tSdefoyfcg wcsufcsif; rSefrSefaqmifh
vdk;ae\/
]]tJ'Dvdkqdk&if awmfao;wmaygh...}}
]]ckeutwdkif;omqdk&if rr[mav; xufjcrf; uGJ&csD&JU...}}
]]'DavmufvJr[kwfao;ygbl; rrat;&,f...}}
]]bmr[kwf&rSmvJ - rif;[mBuD;u enf;wJh[mBuD;r[kwfbl; ig[mu ao;ao;av; [Jh}}
]]'guawmh ewfay;wJh twdkif;bJ rrat;a&..}}
xdkuJhodkY wpfcsufcsif; rSefrSefaqmifhae&m rrat;rSm taumif;vGefojzifh wifyg;ESpfvkH;udk
paum0dik ;f ovdk jyKvyk v
f mNy;D &JEikd \
f vnfyif;tm; odik ;f zufvsuf &m*pdwjf yif;xefaom rsuv
f ;Hk tpkjH zifh
]]armifav;}} ]]bmvJ rrat;}}
]]rif;pdwfSdoavmuf vkyfawmhuG,f... rrat; raeEdkifavmufatmif apmufywfxJu
,m;aeNyD...}}
xdpk um;oHMum;&aom &JEikd o
f nf olr\aygifEpS v
f ;Hk tm; olyck;H ay:xrf;wifNy;D *suaf v,mOfysH
pHcsdefudk csKd;um aqmifhaqmifhNyD; vdk;ae\/
]]bGw-f bGw-f Tw}f } [laom toHrsm;xGuaf y:aeovdk &JEikd \
f vnfyif;tm; odik ;f zufxm;aom
olr\vufrsm;rSm jyKwfusum aemufodkY vefusoGm;\/ aemufqufwGJum;]]aumif;vScsnfvm; armifav;&,f rrtoJudk cdkufoGm;wmbJ...}}
toHAvHrsm;rSm wcef;vkH; wdwfqdwfoGm;NyD; &JEdkifu olAdkufay:odkY arSmufvsufom; zdxm;
ojzifh EdkYtpHrSm ab;ESpfzufqDodkY um;xGufae\/ xdkYtwl &JEdkif\vD;BuD;rSm rrat;apmufacgif;
txJ ndrfoufpGm tem;,lvsufyif Sdaeonf/
]]uRefawmfvdk;ay;wm cHvdkYaumif;&JUvm; rrat;...}}
]]bmaumif;wmvJ- rodbl;}} olru rl,m~uG,faom rsufESmay;jzihf cspfrsufapmif;uav;
xdk;vdkuf\/
]]ckeuawmh aumif;vScsD&JUqdk}}
]]rqdkifygbl; qif;prf;ygtkH; rif;udk,fBuD;u av;vdkufwm..}}
]][ifhtif; rqif;ao;bl; aemufwpfcg xyfNyD; vkyftkH;r,f vdk;&wm r0ao;bl;}}
]]aemufawGUcsiw
f ,fq&kd if rvky&f bl; 'grSr[kwv
f Ykd rawGUcsiaf wmhb;l qd&k ifawmh rif;oabmbJ}}
]][J[J 'DrSm MunfhygtkH; rrat;&,f}} &JEdkif\vD;BuD;rSm wqwfqwfwkefae\/
]]wpfcsDawmhvkyfyg&ap rrat;&,faemf...}}
&JEdkifu cRJ,if; rrat;\ EIwfcrf;udk pkyfvdkuf\/
]]'gbJaemf 'Dwcgawmh cspfvdkYtvdkvdkufr,f aemufr&bl;}}

3
ajymajymqdkqdk &JEdkifu rrat; tay:wufcGNyD; tm;&yg;& aqmifhaqmifh vdk;ae\/
]]ajz;ajz;vkyfyg aTudk,fawmfav;&JU atmufujzifh aoawmhr,f}}
]]odyfvdk;vdkYaumif;aevdkY owdvpfoGm;wmyg pdwfrqdk;ygeJY-}}
]]uJyg vdk;rSmjzifh vdk;prf;yg 'DrSm qefYwiefYiefYBuD; }}
]]tm;- tif; - [if; [if; [if; aumif;vdkufwm b,fvdkaumif;rSef; rodbl; aqmifhaqmifh
[kwfNyD ememaqmifh tm;&yg;&aqmifhxJh vdkufprf;yg armifav;&,f...rr raeEdkifawmhbl;}}
]]rr NyD;awmhrvm;[if uRefawmfawmh NyD;awmhr,f}}
]]rrvJ Ny;D cgeD;NyD jrefjrefv;kd prf;yg jrefjrefaqmifv
h u
kd pf rf;yg- Ny;D - Ny;D awmhr,f tif; [if;[if;
[if;}}
ESpfa,mufom; NydKifwlNyD;oGm;Mu\/
]]uJ qif;yg awmfa&maygh t0wfvJNyD; jyefawmhaemf }}
aemufESpfa,mufom; t0wfrsm; 0wfqifNyD; &JEdkifu
]]reufjzefcgus&if uRefawmf vm&tkH;rvm;}} ]][ifhtif; rvmeJY}}
]]wu,fajymwmvm; rrat;}}
]]wu,fajymwm aeYwikd ;f qdk raumif;bl;}} ]]'gjzifh b,faeY vm&rvJ ajymav}} ]]'DaeY Mumoy
aw;aeYqdkawmh paeaeYusrS vmyg armifav;udk rcspfvdkY r[kwfbl; aeYwdkif;qdkawmh vlBuD;awGeJY
nDrav;wdkY Edk;aewmeJY BuKH&if raumif;bl;ayghuG,f}}
]]uJ uRefawmfjyefawmhr,f cspfp&maumif;wJh eDeD&J&Japmufywfuav;udk armifjyefawmhr,f
aemf-}} [k &JEdkifu rrat; xrdefMum;rS vufvQKd apmufywfuav;udk udkifumajymvdkuf\/
]]ol awmfawmfuJw,f uJ jyefygawmh}} ]]obufcgqufqufvmcJhr,faemf tvdk;cHbdkY toifh
apmifhae odvm;}}
]][if;...}} rrat;u oufjyif;cs,if; ukwifay: wuftdyfvdkufygawmhonf/
_______________

4
tcef;(2)
tarSmifxu
k eufidI ;f vmonfEiS t
hf rQ avmu"gwfwpfcv
k ;Hk qdwo
f ek ;f aeavonfh tcgor,
wGif pdwfxJrS jzpfay:aeaom umr&ruf tcdk;wufjcif;wdkYudk ajzazsmufEdkifpGrf;rSdonfh &JEdkifrSm
ol\tdrfwHcg;tm; tomwGef;zGifhNyD; rrat;Sd&m tdyfcef;odkYa&ydkufrS wG,fwufae\/
tcef;wGif;odkY a&mufaomtcg rrat;udk tcefYoifhyif awGU&ojzifh NyKH;TifaomrsufESmxm;
jzifh ]]rrat;}} ]]armifav;]] ajymajymqdq
k kd &JEikd o
f nf olrS&d m ukwifay:wufNy;D olr\ab;wGif
,SOftdyfvdkuf\/
if;aemuf olrtm; wif;MuyfpmG zufNy;D tirf;r& erf;ypfvu
kd o
f nf/ xdek nf;wlpmG olruvnf;
&JEdkif\yg;jyifudk jyefvnferf;aerd\/
]]vmrSvmygrvm;vdkYarQmfaevdkuf&wm armifav;&,f}}
]]rvmbJaeygrvm; rrat;&,f}} olwdkYESpfOD;onf wpfOD;udkwpfOD; t"dyg,fygaom rsufvkH;
tpkHjzifh twefMumMunfhNyD;...
]]uJ rrat; tuFsDt0wftpm;awG cRwfawmh 'DaeYnrSm vGwfvGwfvyfvyf cspf&atmif}}
]]rif;BudKufovdkwmajym rrvdkufavsmbdkY toifhbJuG,f}]
olronfyufvufvSeftdyfae&mrS ukef;xvdkufNyD;? nOfhvTmkH orD;ysKdyDyD? udk,fay:wGifSdaom
t0wftpm;rsm;udk wckrusefcRwfypfvdkufNyD;? ukwifxufwGif cyfpif;pif;av; tdyfaevdkuf\/
pmMunfph m;yGaJ y:rS tkyaf pmif;ESix
hf eG ;f xm;aom rD;a&mifatmufwiG f ud,
k v
f ;Hk wD;r,ftjzpfEiS hf
wpf&pfrdkYarmufaeonfh tom;qdkifwdkYudk awmufyaomrsufvkH;BuD;jzifh pdkufMunfhae\/ if;aemuf
&JEikd o
f nf ol\vkNH cnft0wfrsm;udk cRwv
f u
kd o
f jzifh ESpOf ;D om;rSm rdarG;zarG;wdik ;f jzpfomG ;Muavonf/
]]vkyf&ifvJ jrefjrefvkyfyguG,f 'Dtwdkif; rr raewwfbl;...}}
&JEdkif onf rnfodkYrQ jyefrajymbJ olr\ Adkufom;EkEkuav;rsm;ESifh apmufywfwjyifvkH;udk
ol\vufz0g;jzifh yGwfoyfae\/ rrat;rSm rsufpdpkHrSdwfum &JEdkifjyKorQ Ekovdk &JEdkifuvnf; ol\
wwfpGrf;orQaom umrpufcvkwfrsm;udk jzKwfae\/
&JEdkifu olr 'l;ESpfvkH;udk qGJaxmifNyD; apmufywfEScrf;om;ESpfcktm; vufrESpfacsmif;jzifh
qGNJ zv
J u
kd &f m apmufacgif;Bu;D rSm ig;yg;[ufNzv
J u
kd o
f vdk &JueJay:vm\/ xdu
k o
hJ Ykd Ny&J aJ eaom apmuf
acgif;t0wGif ol\vD;BuD;udk udkifumapmufywfEIwfcrf;om;ESifhvD;'pfzsm;wdkYudk yGwfwdkufay;ae\/
]]`yw
G f - `yw
G f - `yw
G }f } [laomtoHrsm;rSm apmufywfEw
I cf rf;om;ESihf vD;'pfzsm;wdYk qkaH wGU&mrS
jzpfay:aejcif; jzpf\/ xdjYk yif olr\apmufacgif;twGi;f rS vD;0ifvrf;ajyap&ef apmufa&Munfrsm;u
wpdrfhpdrfh pD;qif;vmacsonf/
]]vdk;ygawmh armifav;&,f rr apmufacgif;xJu ,m;aeNyD}}
olronf umrqEjyif;jyvmojzifh vdk&if;udk Sif;Sif;yifajymvdkuf\/
]]vdk;w,fqdkwm qGNyD;rS vdk;&w,f 'grS t&omSdvmrSm rrat;&JU}}
&JEdkifuvnf; yGifhvif;jywfom;pGm jyefajymvdkuf\/ qufvuf &JEdkifu olr\EdkYESpfvkH;udk
ukef;pdkYNyD; pGJvdkufonfqdkvQif cg;aumhaumhwufvmvsuf zifom;BuD;ESpfvkH;u a0SY&rf;vmavonf/
]]awmfavmufNyD armifav;&,f}} ajymajymqdq
k kd olru aygifEpS v
f ;Hk udk olr\vufjzifh qGu
J m;

5
vdu
k o
f jzifh apmufacgif;0rSm tpGr;f ukeNf yo
J mG ;onfEiS w
hf NyKd ief uf &JEikd u
f ol\vD;Bu;D udk qkwu
f ikd u
f m
apmufywf0wGif awh wtm;aqmifhvdk; vdkufonf/
]]tm; - vm; - vm;}}
]]bmvJ rrat; - emoGm;ovm;}}
olr\rsuEf mS wjyifv;Hk rSm IUH rJah eayonf/ tqk;H 0ifonfh vD;Bu;D udk &JEikd u
f 'pft&if;om;ay:
vmonftxdom EIwfNyD; ajz;ajz;xdk;oGif;vdkuf? cyfjyif;jyif; aqmifhvdkufvkyfae\/
]]zGwf - ywf - zwf - zGwf - Twf}} [laom toHwdkYrSm wcef;vkH; qlnHaeayonf/
tcsdefwGif wzufcef;wGif tdyfaysmfaeaom pdk;pdk;rGefonf olr\ pdwfxJwGif tdyfrufruf
ovdkjzpfNyD;? vefYEdk;vm,if; olYtrtcef;wGif;rS wzwfzwftoHudk Mum;ae&ojzifh nzufBuD;rSm
rrat; bmaMumifhwdkYywfkdufaeygovJ[k awG;,if; olYtrtcef;qDodkY ysOfaygufuav;rS
acsmif;Munfhrd\/
olrY suEf mS udyk if r,kMH unfEikd af vmufatmif tjzpftysuu
f kd awGUS&d ojzifh vefrY atmfrad p&ef
yg;pyfyw
d x
f m;&\/ if;aemuforl \pdwu
f kd csKww
f ;D vsuf Munfah umif;aumif;jzifh qufMunfah eovdk
ukwifxufrS umrom;aumifESpfOD;rSm ywf0ef;usifudk ukrpdkufEdkifyJ xifovdk vdk;aeMu\/
]]aqmifhawmhr,faemf rrat;}}
]]aqmifh aqmifh rif;BudKufoavmuf aqmifh}}
apmuf&nftTo
J m;ESihf NyaJ eaom rrat;\apmufacgif;twGi;f odYk vD;Bu;D rSm rem;wrf; quf
wdkuf aqmifhvdk;oGif;aeojzihf olrpdwfxJwGif &JEdkifvD;BuD;tm; wyfrufvmovdk olYtrae&mwGif
olromjzpfcsiv
f akd om pdww
f rYkd mS wzGg;zGg;ay:vsuyf ifadS e\/ xdaYk Mumifx
h rdepf udk tomrum apmuf
ywfwjyifvkH;tm; cyfGG yGwfoyfudkifwG,f,if; wpdrfhpdrfh pD;qif;vmaom apmuf&nf ypfcRJcRJrsm;rSm
vufz0g;wckv;Hk Tv
J mojzifh xrdeEf iS hf okwyf pfvu
kd \
f / odaYk omfapmuf&nfrsm;rSm usNru
J saeNy;D apmuf
acgif;xJrS tvGe,
f m;,Hvm&m olr\vufKS ;d uav;udk apmufacgif;xJoYkd pdu
k x
f m;um EIwcf rf;om;
rsm;tm; uavmfEdIufae\/
&JEikd o
f nfqufvufraqmifah o;bJ rrat; zifatmufxo
J Ykd acgif;tk;H wvk;H ckay;vdu
k o
f jzifh
apmufywfwjyifvkH;rSm tpGrf;ukef jyL;xGufvmavonf/
]]vdk;awmhav - bmvkyfaewmvJ}}
&JEdkifonf olrykckH;ESpfzufudk uspfuspfygatmif pkyfqGJNyD;wtm;aqmifhvdk;ae\/ vdk;aeaom
toHrsm;rSm nHaeovdk pdk;pdk;rGefrSmvnf; olrvufSKd;udk apmufacgif;xJodkY tqkH;xnfhaeavonf/
olrrsufvkH;tpkHrSm arS;vsuf 'l;ESpfvkH;rSmvnf; auG;Twfaeovdk apmufywfEIwfcrf;om;ESpfcku yGpd
yGpd jzpfae\/
]]rrat; raeEdkifawmhbl; rif;tm;Sdoavmufom aqmifhvdk;ay; prf;yguG,f...}}
rrat;\toHrSm wkH&DpGm xGufay:vmNyD; &JEdkif\ykckH;ESpfzufay:odkY olraygifBuD;ESpfvkH;tm;
vSrf;wifay;vdkufovdk pdk;pdk;rGeftzdkY &m*pdwf ydkrdkjyif;xefvm&m vufSKd;uav;udk twif;aqmifh
xdk;ae\/
]]rrat; uRefawmfNyD;awmhr,f rra&m rNyD;ao;bl;vm;}}
]]rrvJ NyD;awmhr,f rem;eJU wtm;om vdk;ay;awmhaemf...}}
&JEdkifonf olr\aygifESpfvkH;udk cyfwif;wif;qkwfudkifNyD; ol\vD;BuD;tm; a*G;yg`rIyfygoGm;

6
rwwf aqmifhvdk;av&m ]]zGwf-ywf-`yGwf-tifh-tifh-tm;}} [laom oufjyif;SnfBuD;ESifhtwl ajcum;
,m; vufum;,m; jzpfoGm;Muovdk pdk;pdk;rGefrSmvnf; ukwifab;wGif acGvsufom; usoGm;\/
]]uRefawmfvdk;wm aumif;&JUvm; rrat;}}
]]aumif;wmrS ajymraeeJU apmufacgif;xJudk tDpdrfhoGm;wmbJ}}
olwdkYESpfOD;rSm vifr,m;rsm; qufqHovdk? SufaMumufjcif;rSdbJ trSeftwdkif; zGifhxkwfajym
aeMu\/
onfudk em;t&omSdum tacsmufwdkuf wpfcsDNyD;oGm;aom pdk;pdk;rGefrSm ysOfaygufqDodkY
jyef acsmif;Munfhrdjyef\/ &JEdkifonf rrat;\EIwfcrf;tpkHudk `yGwfueJaeatmif pkyf,lvdkufovdk
rrat;uvnf; &JEdkifEIwfcrf;udk jyefpkyfaejyef\/
if;aemufapmufacgif;xJrS vD;Bu;D udk EIwv
f u
kd &f m pGyu
f eJtoHEiS t
hf wl vD;Bu;D rSm apmuf&nf
tTo
J m;ESihf aysmah cGum oGm;awmhonf/ rrat;ESi&hf EJ ikd w
f rYkd mS t0wftpm;rsm; jyef0wfNy;D tjyeftvSef
zuferf;aeMuojzifh pdk;pdk;rGefrSm aerxdxdkifrxd &ifxJrSm [mwmwm jzpfae&avonf/
_______________
tcef;(3)
rrat;\tcef;rSm ,ciftwdkif;zGifhaeojzifh pm;aeusaMumifzg;jzpfaom &JEdkifonfxkH;pH
twdkif; wufvmcJh\/
tcef;wGi;f odaYk &mufaomf rde;f rysKw
d pfO;D udk tqifoifah wGUojzifh rrat;txifEiS hf tief;r&
zuferf;vdkufNyD;? wpfudk,fvkH; prf;oyfudkifwG,fvdkuf&m rrat;r[kwfrSef; odoGm;awmhonf/
]]nDr pdk;pdk;rGefyg tudkEdkif - udkEdkif&JU tvdk;udk cHcsifvdkY apmifhaewmyg rdef;cav;wpfa,mufu
tSufiJhcHNyD; vdrfajymyghrvm; pOf;pm;Munfhyg udkEdkif&,f}} olru rsufvTmatmufcsNyD; ajymvdkuf\/
]]uJ 'Dvdkqdk udkEdkiftBudKufaygh}}
&JEdkifonf ajymajymqdkqdk olrtm; ukwifay:ayGUwifNyD; tm;yg;w& erf;ypfvdkufonf/
if;aemuftuFsaD y:rS ae EdEYk pS v
f ;Hk udk cyfMurf;Murf;ES,af y;vdu
k Nf y;D ? Adu
k o
f m;EkEu
k av;tm; xrdepf
tomjzKw
f cyfG u
G av; yGwo
f yfay;av&m? pd;k pd;k rGeo
f nf rsuv
f ;Hk tpif;uav;jzpfum &JEikd f jyKorQ
cyfaumif;aumif;ESifhNidrfcHae\/ &JEdkifu olr\tuFsDus,foD;rsm;ESifhb&mpD,mudk jzKwfvdkufNyD;
BuD;xGm;aom EdkUBuD;ESpfvkH;udk tief;r& pdkYay;ae\
]],m;w,f - tudk - ,m;w,f}}
olronf cg;aumhaumhwufvmojzifh &JEdkifonfolr\ xrdefudk qGJcRwfvdkuf&m rkefYaygif;
ozG,f eD&Jaeaom apmufzkwfav;rSm apmufarT;tenf;i,fjzifh NyJaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&aom &JEdkif
tzdkY wudk,fvkH; wkH&Dvmavonf/
]][m Sufp&m aumif;vdkufwm udkEdkif&,f}}
olru ajymajymqdkqdk olr\ apmufywfav;udk vuf0g;ESpfzufjzifh tkyfvdkuf&m &JEdkifu olr
vuftm; qGJz,fNyD;? ol\vufz0g;jzifh apmufzkwfwjyifvkH;tm; twefMumatmif yGwfay;vdkuf&m
apmufacgif;twGif;rS apmuf&nfrsm; usvm\/

7
xdt
k csi;f t&mudk awGU&aom &JEikd o
f nf vd;k &eftoifjh zpfNy[
D k ,lqum ol\vkjH cnfukd cRwyf pf
vdkuf\/
]]trav;BuD;vdkufwm vGefa&m.. jzpfyghrvm; udkEdkif&m qkyfNyJukefrSjzifh}}
]]a,musmf ;eJrY ed ;f rqdw
k m vd;k wwf cHwwf,if jzpfwmbJ- OyrmMumuefxJ vlqif;oGm;ovdak ygh
vljyefwufvmawmh MumGufawG[m ae&mwus jyefpkoGm;w,f r[kwfvm;..}}
&JEikd o
f nf pum;Oyrmay;Ny;D olraygifEpS v
f ;Hk tm; qGu
J m; &Jaeaomapmufacgif;t0odYk awh
xdk;oGif;vdkufonf/ odkYaomfvD;BuD;rSm r0ifbJSdaeojzifh ab;odkYacsmfacsmf xGufaejyef\/ twefMum
aomfvnf; pdwfravsmhbJ xdk;oGif;aejyef&m vD;BuD;rSmr0ifbJ Sdaejyefojzifh &JEdkifonf pdwftawmf
ysufvmrd\/ pdk;pdk;rGefrSmvnf; MumSnf ratmifhEdkifawmhojzifh]]wHawG;axG;NyD; pGyfvdkufygvm; udkEdkif&JU a,mufsm;jzpfNyD; t&ovm;}}
]]at;- [kwfom;bJ}}
&JEikd o
f nf olrapmufywfuav;udk apmufaphrt
S p EIwcf rf;om;wavQmuf wHawG;axG;xnfh
Ny;D ol\vD;Bu;D udv
k nf; wacsmif;vk;H TaJ tmif wHawG;pGwv
f suf qkyEf ,
S af e\/ if;aemuf apmufywf
EIwfcrf;om; 2-ckudk vufrESpfacsmif;ESifh zdNzJvdkufNyD; olUvD;BuD;udk apmufacgif;0awhum tm;pdkuf
aqmifhoGif;vdkufonf/
]]trav; emvdkufwm udkEdkif&,f}}
vD;BuD;rSm 'pfomomrQ 0ifoGm;ojzifh tawGUtBuHKrSdbJ cHcsifonfudkom odaompdk;pdk;rGefrSm
OD;acgif;udk b,fnm,rf;vsuf &JEdkif\&iftkyfus,fBuD;tm; qD;wGef;xm;rd\/
&JEdkifonf olrvufESpfzufudk tomzufNyD; rdkYarSmufcRefum;aeaom EdkUESpfvkH;tm; wvSJYpDpdkY
ay;ae&mrS olrrSm wajz;ajz;cg;aumhwufvmojzifh tBudKufawGUvmonfrdkU &JEdkifonf aemufwpf
csuf cyfjyif;jyif; aqmifhcsvdkuf\/ ]]aoygNyDawmh}}
olrwpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk rSm wzswzf swv
f ;l ae\/ vD;Bu;D rSm w0ufomom 0ifaeojzifh &JEikd u
f quf
raqmifhao;bJ EIwfcrf;csif;awh pkyfay;vdkuf&m olronf wajz;ajz; NidrfusoGm;\/ if;aemuf
&JEdkifonf ol\zifydkif;udk ~uGNyD;? wtm;aqmifhxdk;vdkuf\/
]]usr[mav; uGJygNyD tar&JU}} [laomtoHESifhtwl apmufykwfxJodkY &JEdkifvD;BuD;rSm tqkH;
txd 0ifoGm;\/ &JEdkifonf vD;BuD;udk apmufacgif;xJwGif wwfvsufESifhyif EdkYESpfvkH;udk cyfMurf;Murf;
qkwaf csay;aeojzifh olr\apmufzw
k Ef w
I cf rf;om;ESpcf rk v
S nf; yGpd yGpEd iS hf jzpfvmovdk apmufacgif;
twGif;rS t&m0wKu &JEdkif\vD;xdyfzsm;udk &pfywfae\/
]]udkEdkif...}} ]]bmvJ trGef}}
]]rrudk vkyfwkH;u 'DvdkbJvm; [if}}
]][kwfw,f tpawmh eJeJemwmaygh aemufawmh aumif;w,fqdkNyD; aqmifhcdkif;awmhwmbJ}}
]]'gjzifh uRerf udv
k J [m Supf &mBu;D }} taMumif;odNy;D jzpfaom &JEikd u
f olr EdEYk pS v
f ;Hk udk qkwaf cs
&if; wcsufjcif; rSefrSefaqmifhay;ae\/
]]aumif;&JUvm; trGef}}
]]odyfaumif; - t&rf;aumif;}} ]]aemufqdk 'gxufaumif;tkH;r,f}}
&JEikd o
f nf rSerf eS af qmifah y;ae&m tm;rvdk tm;r&jzpfaeaom pd;k pd;k rGeo
f nf &JEikd \
f aMumjyif
BuD;udk yGwfoyf,if; -

8
]]jrefjrefav; aqmifhyg udkEdkif&,f usr[mxJu odyf,m;aevdkYyg}}
]]'gaMumifh xifyg&JU trGefapmufacgif;xJu tudkvD;BuD;udk pkwfaewm tJh'g bmvJ [if}}
olr\apmufarQmhrSmvnf; vD;t&omawGUvmNyD; jzpfojzifh vD;xdyfzsm;udk &pfywfum wrQif
rQifpkwfvm&m &JEdkifrSm t&omxl;uJvmojzifh olodvdkaom apmufarQmhudk ar;vdkuf\/
]]tJ'gudk usrtwwfrajymEdik b
f ;l rde;f rcsi;f ajymajymaeuswhJ apmufarQmv
h m;rodb;l udEk ikd &f UJ }}
]]at; apmufarQmhqkdwm 'gbJjzpf&r,f}}
ajymajymqdkqdk apmufarQmhu pkyfaejyefojzifh apmufarQmh'Pfudk MumSnfrcHEdkifaom &JEdkifu
olr\ykckH;ESpfzuftm; uspfuspfygatmif qkwfudkifNyD; rem;wrf; aqmifhvdk;vdkufawmh\/
]]zGwf - zGwf - zGwf - zGwf}} [laom toHrsm;rSm wcef;vkH;udk qlnHaeovdk olr\wifyg;BuD;
ESpfvkH;uvnf; ajrmufcsDESdrfhcsD jyKvkyfay;aeojzifh &JEdkifrSm apmufarQmh'Pfudk rcHEdkifbJ ]]aumif;vScsnfvm; trGef&,f tudkraeEdkifawmhbl;}}
[laomtoHESifhtwl &JEdkifonf olrcEmudk wif;MuyfpGm zufxm;vdkufojzifh ol\vD;xdyfrS
yef;xGufvdkufaom okwf&nfrsm;tm; Nrdef,SufpGmpkyf,lvdkuf\/ ESpfa,mufom; vD;udkrcRwfao;bJ
apmufacgif;xJwGif wyfvsufESifhrdef;aeMu\/
xdt
k csed w
f iG f rrat;rSm tjyifomG ;&mrS jyefvm&m rdrt
d cef;xJwiG f jzpfcsiw
f ikd ;f jzpfaeMuaom
nDrESifhcspfoludk yufyif;wdk;rdavonf/
]]&ufpufvScsnfvm; nDr&,f - nDrrSm 'DjyifvD;SmvdkY rawGUawmhbl;vm; rr cHvdkYaumif;wJh
vD;BuD;udkrS nDru tvdk; cH&ufovm;}]
rrat;rSm 0rf;enf;pGmjzifh ajymvdkuf\/
]]udkEdkif vD;BuD;u BuD;awmh nDrvJ rrvdk tvdk;cHcsifwmaygh rr&,f - a&iwfwkH;a&wGif;xJ
usovdk rr rSdwkH; udkEdkifu tvmrdkY ckvdkjzpfwmyg/ nDrav; udkEdkifudk odyfcspfaeNyD txl;ojzifh
udkEdkif vdk;wm odyfcHvdkYaumif;wmbJ - tvdk; taSmifh taqmifhawGuvnf; vD;BuD;awmh om;tdrf
udkygxdNyD; tDpdrfhoGm;wmbJ... nDrudk udkEdkifeJY aeYwdkif; vdk;cGifhjyKyg rr&,f - aemf}}
]]r&bl; r&bl; igwa,mufxJ tvdk;cHr,f eifhudkay; rvdk;Edkifbl;}}
nDrESpfa,mufajymaeonfudk &JEdkifNidrfNyD; em;axmifae&mrS ]][kwfom;bJ rrat;&,f trGefvJ rrat;vdk cHcsifSmaerSmaygh wa,mufwvSJUpD uRefawmf
vkyfay;ygr,f.. aemufNyD; rrat; pdwfwdkif;us uRefawmf vdk;ay;yghr,f}}
&JEdkifrSm tuGufqdkufvmojzifh 0ifajymvdkuf\/
]]tr,f armifav;uyg olUzufu vdkufaeNyDaygh apmufywftopfvdk;&awmh rJaewJh apmuf
ywfta[mif;udk ypfNyDaygh[if - [kwfvm; }}
]]r[kwfygbl; rrat;&,f ESpfa,mufpvkH;udk vdk;ay;rSmyg rrat;u 'grS rauseyfao;&if
olYudk wcgvdk;&if rrat;udk ESpfcg vdk;ay;ygr,f}}
rrat;rSm twefMumpOf;pm;ae\/ pdwx
f u
J vnf; ]]tif; - oluawmhavsmah y;rSm r[kwb
f ;l
at; av bmbJjzpfjzpf igBudKufwJh vD;BuD;eJY vufrvTwfoGm;wmbJ uHaumif;w,f}} [kawG;,if;
]]uJ 'DavmufawmifajymrSawmh armifav;oabmtwdkif;ygbJwJh Sif}h}
]]at; 'grS rrat;uG}} &JEdkifa&m trGefyg 0rf;omaeNyD; vufckwfvuf0g;wD;vdkufMu\/

9
]]uJ 'gjzifh uRefawmfjyeftkH;r,f rrat;}}
]]tHr,f b,fjyefvdkY&rvJ rr tvSnfhusefao;w,fav}}
]]uRefawmf awmfawmf armoGm;vdkY aemufaeYrS vdk;ay;yghr,f}}
]]at;ayghav igudk b,fvdk;csifawmhrvJ}}
rrat;rSm csmueJvSnfhxGufoGm;\/ 'Dawmh &JEdkifu rrat;\ taemufrS twif;vdkufzuf
NyD; ]]usDpm;wmyg rrat;&,f? uJ rrat; pdwfauseyfatmif pdwfwdkif;us vdk;ay;ygr,f aemf}} [k
acsmhvdkufawmhrS rrat;u jyefvSnfhvm\/
]]uJ nDrav; trGef t0wftpm;vJ a&csKd;csDawmh}} &JEdkifu trGefbuf vSnfhajymvdkuf\/
]][kwfuJh}} [k jyefajz,if; tcef;xJrS xGufoGm;\/ &JEdkifu tcef;wHcg;ydwfvdkufNyD; ]]uJ rrat; t0wftpm;cRwaf v ESpaf ,mufpvk;H t0wftpm;rsm; cRwcf svu
kd \
f / Avmusi;f
aeaom umr om;aumifESpfa,mufrSm wa,mufudk wpfa,muf wPSmcdk;vQHaeaom rsufvkH;rsm;
jzifh MunfhaeMu\/ xdkYaemuf &JEdkifu
]]uJ rrat; 'Dwcgawmh awmfovif;vdk;enf; vdk;r,f? rrat;u av;bufaxmufNyD;
uRefawmfu taemufuae vdk;r,f}}
]]armifav; oabmtwdkif; jzpf&ygapr,f}}
rrat;rSm ukwifay:wGif av;bufaxmuf uke;f ay;vdu
k &f m apmufzw
k u
f av;rSm aygifEpS v
f ;Hk
Mum;rS taemufodkY apmif;NyD; jyL;xGufae\/
]]vkyfrSmjzifh vkyfav rrat; ,m;vSNyD raeEdkifawmhbl; [if; - [if; - [if;}}
&JEdkifonf rrat;\ taemufzufwGif 'l;axmufvdkufNyD; rrat;\ aygifESpfvkH;udk vufESpf
zufjzifh qGJNzJvdkuf&m apmufacgif;0 jyL;xGufvmNyD; t0wGif apmuf&nfMunfrsm; pdkTJae\/ 'DawmhrS
vD;BuD;udk tayguf0wGif awhNyD;aqmifhxJhvdkuf&m vD;BuD;rSm tqkH;txd 0ifoGm;\/
]]trav; aemf aumif;vdkufwm b,fvdkaumif;rSef;rodbl;}}
'DvEkd iS ahf emufraS e cyfjyif;jyif;av; aqmifx
h v
hJ u
kd f rSerf eS af jz;ajz;csi;f aqmifx
h v
hJ u
kd f vkyaf y;
ae&mrS
]]rrat; NyD;awmhrvm; uRefawmfNyD;awmhr,f}}
]]NyD;bdkY aeaeomom tckrS cHvdkYaumif;wkH; Sdao;w,f aqmifhay;prf;ygtkH; - ememaqmifh
[kwfNyD aqmifhaqmifh aumif;vdkufwmaemf}}
rrat;rSm rsufaphESpfvkH;rSdwfNyD; ZdrfawGUae\/ watmifhavmufMumaomtcg ]]uJ rrvJNyD;umeD;NyD rem;wrf; cyfoGufoGufav; aqmifhprf;uGm}}
&JEikd rf mS rrat;ajymovdk rem;wrf; aqmifNh y;D vd;k aeawmh\/ wcPaeawmh ESpaf ,mufom;
NydKifwl NyD;oGm;Muawmh\/ &JEdkifu vD;BuD;udk rEIwfao;bJ apmufzkwfxJodkY `rIyfxm;NyD; aemufrSae
rrat;\cg;udk wtm;zufxm;Ny;D ESpaf ,mufom; ukwifay:odYk ab;wdu
k v
f cJS sNy;D vD;wyf&ufEiS yhf if
rSdef;aeMu\/
]]'Davmufqdk awmfavmufNyDaemf uRefawmf jyeftkH;r,f rrvJ auseyfawmh [kwfvm;}}
]]auseyfygNyDwJhSifh auseyfygNyDwJh}} &JEdkifrSm rrat;tm; EIwfqufNyD; xGufoGm;ovdk rrat;
rSmvnf; a&rdk;csKd;&ef t0wfrsm;,lNyD; a&csKd;cef;zufodkY xGufoGm;avawmhonf/
_______________

10
tcef;(4)
tcsdefuawmh n(11)em&DSdygNyD tcef;xJwGifawmh
]]udkEdkif vdk;vdkY aumif;&JUvm; [if trGefawmh cHvdkY aumif;wmbJ}}
]]tm; odyfaumif; trGefY apmufywfuav;u usOf;awmh ydkvdk;vdkY aumif;w,f - tm;odyf&
w,f - odyfaumif;wmbJ}}
]]'gbJaemf trGefcHcsifwdkif; tNrJvdk;ay;&r,f - rrat;udkcsnf;bJ vdk;rae&bl;aemf..}}
]]pdwfcsyg trGef&,f rrat;udkvJ aeYwdkif;rvdk;ygbl; trGefwa,mufxJudkbJ vdk;r,f aumif;
aumif; vdk;r,f}}
]]uJ 'gjzifh udkEdkif pdwfwdkif;us tm;&yg;& vdk;ayawmh}}
pd;k pd;k rGeu
f xdo
k aYkd Nym,if; aygifEpS af csmif;udk NzaJ y;vdu
k \
f / &JEikd u
f vnf; tpGr;f ukef vd;k ae\/
]]udkEdkif - vdk; - vdk; wtm;vdk; - tif; aumif;vScsnfvm; uRwf uRwf uRwf NyD; - NyD;awmhr,f
- NyD;awmhr,f }} [kajym,if; rMumcifNyD;oGm;Mu\/
ESpfa,mufom; rSdef;aeMu\/ twefMumaomf ESpfa,mufpvkH;xxdkifMuNyD;
]]trGef ,m;aeao;ovm;}} ]]odyfawmhr,m;awmhbl; 'gayrJh apmufacgif;xJu Gpd Gpd
jzpfaew,f}}
]]'gjzifh udkEdkif ,m;atmif vkyfay;r,f}}
[k ajym,if; trGef apmufacgif;0udk vufz0g;jzifh yGwfwdkufvdkuf vsmjzifh EIwfcrf;om;
wavQmuf,u
S af y;jzifh jyKvyk af y;ae\/ vufEpS zf ufuvnf; tNird rf aebJ EdEYk pS v
f ;Hk udk ES,af y;ae\/
wajz;ajz;ESihf trGeaf pmufywfuav;rSmvnf; azgif;um;vmNy;D &JEikd f vsmBu;D rSmvnf; apmufaphxyd f
uav;udk xdk;NyD; uvday;ae&m ]],m;vdu
k w
f m udEk ikd &f ,f b,fvv
kd yk af ewmvJ trGef raewwfawmhb;l odycf cH siv
f mwmbJ}}
]]aumif;&JUvm; trGef udkEdkifav trGefudk tNrJwrf; 'DvdkbJvkyfay;aecsifw,f 'Dwcg trGefY
tvSnfhbJ udkEdkif vD;udk pkyfay;aemf t&omodyfSdw,f r,kH,if pkyfMunfhav -}}
]]'Dvdk rnpfywfeJY udkEdkif&,f vdk;&wm tm;r&vdkY tckvdk pkyfcdkif;aewmvm;}}
trGefonf t&omcHcsifvSojzifh rGHUawmhbJ udkEdkif\vD;udk ikH wcsufpkyfvdkuf\/ udkEdkifrSm
IHUrJhoGm;av\/ wajz;ajz; vD;'pfESifhvD;ywfvnfudk vsmjzifh ,ufay;vdkuf pkyfvdkufESifh twefMum
vkyfay;av&m vD;rS xGufvmaom okwf&nfrsm;u trGefyg;pyfxJodkY xGufvmav\/ trGefonf
rGHrSmonfhtjyif rsKdcsvdkufygawmhonf/
NyD;ygNyD/