Name: __________________________________ Chemistry Problem Set 2 Section 2: Quantum Mechanics 1.

An astronomer discovers a new red star and finds that the maximum intensity is at = 685nm. (a) Find the Frequency and Energy of a single photon at this wavelength. (b) Using Wien's law, what is the temperature of the surface of the star? 2. The velocity of an electron that is emitted from a metallic surface by a photon is 3.6 103 km/s. (a) What is the wavelength of the ejected electron? (b) No electrons are emitted from the surface of the metal until the frequency of the radiation reaches 2.50 10 16 Hz. What is the ionization energy of the electrons in the ground state on the metal? (c) What is the wavelength of the radiation that caused photoejection of the electron? (d) What kind of electromagnetic radiation was used? (e) The work function for Chromium, another metal, is 4.37 eV. What wavelength of radiation must be used to eject electrons with a velocity of 1.5 103 km/s? 3. (a) Use the Rydberg formula for atomic hydrogen to calculate the wavelength for the transition from n=4 to n=2. (b) What is the name given to the spectroscopic series to which this transition belongs? What region of the electromagnetic spectrum does it reside in? (c) The energy levels of hydrogen-like one-electron ions of atomic number Z can also be found using the modified Rydberg formula for such ions, which scales by Z2. Predict the wavelength of the 4p to 2s transition in He+. (c) If we measure the emitted photon's momentum to within 5% of the predicted value, what is the uncertainty in the position of the photon, using the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? 4. (a) How many subshells are there for the principal quantum number n=5? (b) Identify the subshells by their names. (c) How many orbitals are there in the shell with n=5? 5. For the electrons on a carbon atom in the ground state, decide which of the following statements are true. If false, explain why. (a) The effective nuclear charge for an electron in a 1s orbital is the same as the effective nuclear charge for an electron in a 2s orbital. (b) The effective nuclear charge for an electron in a 2s orbital is the same as the effective nuclear charge for an electron in a 2p orbital. (c) An electron in the 2s orbital has the same energy as an electron in the 2p orbital. (d) The electrons in the 2p orbitals have spin quantum numbers ms of opposite sign. (e) The electrons in the 2s orbital have the same value for the quantum number ms. 6. Of the following sets of four quantum numbers {n, l, ml, ms}, identify the ones that are forbidden for an electron in an atom and explain why they are invalid: (a) {2, 2, -1, +1/2}, (b) {6, 0, 0, +1/2}, (c) {5, 4, 5, +1/2}, (d) {4, 3, 3, 0}

7. Write and draw the ground state electron configuration for the following elements: (a) Silver; (b) Beryllium; (c) Antimony; (d) Gallium; (e) Tungsten; (f) Iodine 8. Identify which of the following elements experience the inert pair effect and write the formulas for the ions that they form, ordering them from the most stable ion to the least stable ion: (a) Antimony; (b) Arsenic; (c) Thallium; (d) Barium 9. Arrange the elements in each of the following sets in order of decreasing electron affinities: (a) Barium, Magnesium, Beryllium; (b) Sulfur, Chlorine, Silicon; (c) Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen; (d) Antimony, Bismuth, Phosphorous 10. Apparent anomalies in the filling of electron orbitals in atoms occur in chromium and copper. In these elements an electron expected to fill an s-orbital fills the d-orbitals instead. (a) Explain why these anomalies occur. (b) Explain why there are no elements in which electrons fill (n+1)s orbitals instead of np orbitals.