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HELMINTHS

PHYLUM NEMATHELMINTES
NEMATODES

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTES
TREMATODES CESTODES

NEMATODES
NEMATODES

MORPHOLOGY EGG ADULT

MOT PREVENTION

CLINICAL COMPLICATION Ascariasis Appendicitis Malabsorption abdominal discomfort Obstruction bolus in ileocaecal valve malnutrition

DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT

INTESTINAL NEMATODES
Ascaris lumbricoides (L2- in egg) Small intestine -duodenum & jejunum MOT 1. Via mouth & nasopharynx 2. Contaminated food & water Prevention 1. Health education 2. Proper disposal of faeces 3. Washing hands before eating DIAGNOSIS Direct smear Saline Concentration Technique X-ray/ ultrasound for adults TREATMENT Albendazole Mebendazole DIAGNOSIS Direct smear Saline Concentration Technique X-ray/ ultrasound for adults TREATMENT Albendazole Mebendazole

golden brown bile stained

creamy white, cylindrical & tapering at both ends

Hookworm (L3) Small intestine

esophagus 1/3rd of body Bucacal cavity is long Tail is pointed /with sheath

Necator Americanus Semicircular cutting plate Ancylostoma duodenale Transparent & colourless teeth Threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis (L3) Small intestine -duodenum & jejunum oesophagus 2/3rd length of larva Buccal cavity is short Tail tip is notched

MOT Penetrate through skin Contaminated food & water Prevention Prevention of faecal contamination Prevention of usage of night soil as manure wearing shoes

pruritc, erythematous Loefflers syndrome Ulcers Anemia

Transparent & colourless

MOT Penetrate through skin Contaminated food & water Prevention Prevention of faecal contamination Prevention of usage of night soil as manure wearing shoes

Strongyloidosis Strongyloidiasis

DIAGNOSIS Direct smear Saline Concentration Technique X-ray/ ultrasound for adults TREATMENT Thiabendazole

Whipworm Trichuris Trichuria (L1- in egg) Large Intestine -caecum, colon and appendix 2 plug body Bile stained thick golden brown Bucal cavity stylet Esophagus 2/3rd length of larva Stichosome stichocytes

Trichuriasis whipworm infection Appendicitis prolapse of rectum Hypochromic anemia Clubbing of finger nails

DIAGNOSIS Direct smear Saline Concentration Technique TREATMENT Albendazole Mebendazole

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