56Kb/s

.
10b/s
50
Mb/s.
.
.
.
.

1.

1.1.
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
peer to peer .

. .
, ,
.
UNIX
- .


( , ,
, ). ,

, , . ,
1
.

1.
2


, B C. ,
,
. , ,
.

.

1.2.
,
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2 :
1)
2)
.
.

, , , ,
.


. :
1) ( , ,
, , ,

.
2) ( ,
) .

,
.
3) ( , ) .
( 10)
.
.

1.3. UTP Kabl

UTP .
. ,
ADSL .

( , hubova, switcheva, routera, ).
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair indoor , i STP Shielded Twisted Pair
(, ,
, UTP ).
"" ,
(4 , 4 ).
SFTP (Shielded Foil Twisted Pair) ScTP
(Screened Twsted Par) .
, UTP
100.
.
,
100 m (
).
.
4


. : straight-through crossover.
Straight switchem,
routerom , crossover
.

RJ45

:
Straight = T568B - T568B
Crossover = T658A - T568B

2. ADSL -

xDSL "x"
.
ADSL .
ADSL ,
,
.


. .
()

300Hz 3400Hz. ()
4000Hz
3dB 3100Hz.

.
xDSL
()
.
.

3100Hz .
: ,
.

( , , .).

2.
3 DSL .
6

 2
.
.

.
.
. ,
, .
xDSL . ,
3
.
: .
56Kb/s.
.
AT&T.
1.1MHz :
, () -
, () -
. O
.
,
AT&T .
DMT3
3. DMT
,
. 1.1Hz 256
4312,5Hz.

3. ADSL DMT
DMT
.

. 0 60kb/s.
4
.

.
7

 4. DMT
( 4):

K "0" .

25kHz.

1
:
.

. 248
.

5. ADSL
, 248
. ,
.
.
.
8

 50-50 80%90% . :
.
"" ADSL-a. : 32
.

.
.
ADSL (ANSI T1.413 ITU G.992.1)
8Mb/s 1Mb/s
. .
512kb/s 64 kb/s 1Mb/s
512kb/s .

V.34. ADSL
4000 V.34 2400 .
e , ,
.
. QAM 15
.
ADLS 5.

NID .

. (
) .
0 4000Hz
.

ADSL . ADSL
250
QAM . ADSL
()
.
: ADSL
. USB .
ADSL .
, ,
.
.
26kHz -
DSLAM.
DSLAM
ADSL . ADSL
,
ISP.
9

 6. ADSL
e
ADSL ,
. DSLAM,
ADSL .
(. ISDN)
.
5 NID
.

.
. G.lite
ITU .
. :

ADSL .
3400Hz;
ADSL
26kHz.
. G.lite 1.5Mb/s
( 8Mb/s ADSL ).
ADSL .
.

.

10

3. HDSL -
e
HDSL BellCore 1980. .

1,5442Mb/s. 1 I
1,5MHz. ,
T1 1Km
().
.
HDSL :
21Q ,
2Mb/s ,
196kHz,
3,7km.

11

4. SDSL -

HDSL
T1 .
.

SDSL HDSL
. 21Q
.

12

5. VDSL -

xDSL
VDSL.
DSL-
(.5).

7. ADSL i VDSL -
(24AWG) (kft)
DMT ( 2) a
CAP ( 8). A
je QAM
e .
" ".

8. VDSL CAP
13

VDSL
:
- 0 4kHz,
ISDN - 4 80kHz,
- 300 700kHz,
- 1Hz.
ADSL
HDSL
SDSL
1,5 - 9 b/s
1,544-2048
1,544-2048
b/s
b/s
16 - 640 kb/s


.
1
2
1
(24 AWG)
3,7 - 5,5km
3,7km
3,0 km

CAP / DMT
2B1Q
2B1Q

1 do 5MHz
196kHz
196kHz
/

4
4
1. xDSL

VDSL
13 - 52 b/s
1,5 - 2,3 b/s

1
1,4km

DMT
10MHz

14


,
ASDL, HSDL i xSDL.

.

.

ISDN-.
ASDL
(Asymmetrical Sbscriber Digital Link
)
,
. , 56kb/s
, ADSL
,
.
HSDL (High Speed Digital Link )
ASDL-a. xSDL
.

. ,

.

15