1 - tif;0qufyxrrif;acgiftaMumif;

&wewå,H t[H 0E´rd/ / ouú&mZf (771)ckESpf&mhckepfq,fhwpfckwGif om;awmfoD[oludk

ppfudkif;NrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/ rif;ocF,mudk 0wD;NrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/ txdef;awmf icifndKudkvnf;
awmifilNrdKUudk rif;aerd r&dSNyDjzpfí ay;awmfrlonf/ qifrawmf wdk;racgif&ifhrmum; t0uMuufouf
udkESifonf/ yk*HodkUMuufwufudk a&mufaom[l\/ qifrawmfpD;í yk*Ha&Tpnf;ckHodkU wvESpfacgufoGm;
awmfrl\/ w&Ha&mtcg wufao;oljrwfonf yk*H0,f,ufuef;onfcGefudk tvSLcH\/ bk&ifrif;acgif
vnf; &Sifrdbk&m; &dSayao;onf taMumif;udk qdkygOD;rnf[líavQmuf\/ bkef;awmfBuD;vnf; w&m;
rif;jrwfudk rdef;rtpdk;&avonfavmrdefUawmfrl\/ jyefawmfrlí a&mufvqif ovGefawmf0,fESpfyg;
aeMupOf yk*H,nfcGefudk wufao;oljrwftvSLcHaomaMumifh rdbk&m;&dSayonftaMumif;udk qdkygOD;rnf
avQmufvQif w&m;rif;jrwfudkrdef;rtpdk;&oavm[kqdkaMumif;ajym\/ rdbk&m;bkdUr,fvnf; &[ef;jzpf
íom vljzpfwNyD;um;uG,f&av\[kqdk\/wpfBudrfvnf;rif;rdbk&m;ESpfyg;oGm;awmfrlMu\/wufao;
oljrwfvnf; vmjyefí tapmighudkowfrnfqdkonf ,ckighudkowfawmfrl[k rdefUawmfrl\/ rdbk&m;
vnf; r0Hhyg[kavQmuf\/ jyefí eef;awmfodkUa&mufvQif igwdkUESpfyg;om&,fjrL;vdkíqdkygonfudk
wufao;oljrwfMum;&avonf[k rMuHrom&dSawmfrlMu\/ w&Haomtcg vdrfrmaom oDwif;okH;w
a,mufudkac:í wufao;oljrwftaMumif;udk pl;prf;&avaomf ]]awyoif}}ewfonfbkef;Bud;wGif
rjywfcpm;onfudk odrS jyefítaMumif;udkavQmuf&\/ rif;rdbk&m;ESpfyg;vnf; wBudrf bk&m;&dScdk;pkef
awmfrl&mwgif yk*H,nfcGefudkbkef;awmfBuD;tm; vSLawmfrl\/ tjyefwGif a&Tabmifawmf ausmufaqmif
0,fwifonfudk ewfrdef;rwa,mufabmifawmfudkcsaom[l\/ xdkouú&mZf (771) wgif pnfhul;vyfí
b,mumrPdudkay;awmfrlonf/ &mZoMuøudktjrifhNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/
 2 - [Hom0wDodkUcsDwufjcif;

ouú&mZf ( 771) ckESpf&mhckepfq,fhwpfckwGif bk&ifrif;acgif rª;awmf rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk

ac:awmfrlí rdefUawmfrl\/ [Hom0wDNrdKUodkUigcsDawmfrlaomtcg ppfcsD&rnfumvr[kwf trsufawmf
&dSíom igcsDawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg ppfonfAkdvfygvnf;rsm;vSonf/ &du©mrsdK;aphvnf; avmufrQ
atmif r,lcJhacs/ jrpfpOfwavQmufydkUonfh rsdK;&du©mwdkUudk oluqD;BudKí wdkufavaomaMumifh igwdkU
odkU ra&mufEdkifacs&dSacsonf/ jynf&GmwGif&dSaom pm;aomufcGefrsm;udkvnf; rD;xif;wdkufí ukefav
onf/ ,if;odkUvqif igwdkUppfonfiwfí ta&;rvS&dSacsonf/ ,ckcsD&vQif rsdK;&du©mavmufatmif,l
í jrefrmjynf &Srf;jynftvkH;ESifh vkyfMuHawmfrlrnfrdefUawmfrl\/ xdktcg &rnf;oif;pnfolavQmuf
onf/ uRefawmfwdkUtaMumif;udkvnf; wvdkif;wdkUodavNyD/ wvdkif;wdkUtaMumif;vnf; uRefawmfwdkU
odavNyDjzpfí tvsifcsDawmfrlavmh[kavQmuf\/ bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; jrefrmjynfç &Srf;jynftvkH;udk ½kH;
pkawmfrlNyD;vQif wq,fhav;wyfpD&ifawmfrlí wdkufqif&Spf&mç jrif;waxmifç ppfonfol&Jwaomif;a&SU
csD&onf/ wyfrawmfwGif wdkufqifESpf&mç jrif;av;axmifç ppfonf&J;av;aomif;ESifh aemufwyfrjyK í
csDawmfrlonf/ t0NrdKUudk om;awmfrif;&J;ausmfpGmapmifh&onf/
om;awmfi,f oD[olESifh jrpfpOfwavQmufwGif&dSaom NrdKUpm;jypm;wdkUudk jynfNrdKUutcdkifaeap
í rsdK;&du©mydkU&onf/ qdktyfcJhNyD;aom ppf*Fgav;yg;ESifhwuG awmifilaMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wD
odkUa&mufvqif jyvuf½kH;ESifhwuG wyfBuD;wyfcdkifwnfí aeawmfrlonf/
 3 - rif;ESpfyg;wdkUa&S;OD;wdkufykH

&mZm"d&mZfvnf; bm;eHt&yfwGifcHíaeonf/ a&mufí rdk;aomufvQif rif;ESpfyg;wyfuxGufí

qifpD;jcif;wdkufawmfrlMuonf/ ,if;aomtcg &mZm"d&mZfpD;aom yurwfudk bk&ifrif;acgifpD;aom
qifawmf&J;jrwfpGm tm;rwefí qkwfacsonf/ xdkodkU qkwfonfudk tkef;aygifaMumifbGm;jrifvQif
cspfjrwfuJ;[laom qifudkpD;í cRef;bGifhíwdkufonf/ ,if;odkUvQif &mZm"d&mZfqifrsufESmokefíajy;av
\/ tkef;aygifapmfbGm;vnf; tv,fudkxGif;í (&mZm"d&mZf udkt&)wdkufav\/ ,if;odkUwdkufonfudk
awmifwGif;pm;ç &rnf;oif;pm;wdkUjrifvQif trwfokH;usdwfausmf qiftpd;okH;q,fausmfESifhxyfí
wvdkif;wdkUudkwdkufav\/ ,if;okdUtaxG;axG;wdkufMupOf wvdkif;trwfordefjzwfp i&wfEG,fudkpD;í
wdkufavonf/ tkef;aygifapmfbgm;qif tm;rwefí qkwfjyef&acs\/ ordefjzwfpvnf; xyfíwdkufvm
onf/ rdk;ñSif;owdk;vnf; qifoefvsifpGmESifhqD;ícH\/ ordefjzwfpvnf; jrefrmwdkUu qifulrsm;onf
tajrmufç pdefajymif;ç jrwyl xlxyfvSaomaMumifh rwdkuf0Hhí wyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfíaeawmfrl\/ ig;v
cefU&dSvQifrdk;cscgeD;NyDjzpfí jyefawmfrl\/
 4 - rdbk&m;bdkUr,fudk eef;csjcif; eef;wufjcif;taMumif;

aejynfawmfodkUa&mufvQif rdbk&m;bdkUr,fudk ,kHMunfawmfrrlí eef;ucsí a&Twdkufrsmxm;

awmfrl\/ bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; rif;&mZmudkac:í twGif;oif;rª;orD;udk awmifeef;wifrnf[lí rdefU
awmfrl\/ rif;&mZmvnf; þodkUem;awmfavQmuf\/ pifMu,fpGmwD;jymvSef;jywfíxm;aom rsdK;wdkUrQ
aygufwkHraygufwkH&dSao;\/ aps;pyg;udk rsdK;jyKí rayguf&m/ uRefESifht&Sifjzpfí [kwfonfudk
&dScdk;em;awmfavQmuf0Hhonf/
bk&m;vufawmfudk roefUrpifxdvl;aomtcg aq;awmfrlvQif pifjyefouJhodkU tbdk;te*¢jzpf
aom ywåjrm;OaoQmif usifawmfonf &THUnGefwgif usaom tcg aq;aMumokwfoifí qif0wfawmfrl
jyefouJhodkU taMumif;aMumif;udk xmuf½Iawmfrl&rnfjzpfonf[kavQmuf\/ bk&ifrif;acgifvnf;
rif;&mZmudk tbdk;rpíawmifeef;odkUwifavawmh[k rdefUawmfrl\/ rif;&mZmvnf; rdbk&m;udkoGefoif
qkH;rí eef;odkUwifav\/ rdbk&m;bdkUr,fvnf; tbdk;rpayaomaMumifh r,kwfrus&dSayonf[lí
a&TydómckwfaomtkyfESifhwuG 0wfawmfrlaomvyfpGyf 5 csnfudkrif;&mZmtm;qkay;awmfrl\/
ouú&mZf (771) ckESpf&mhckepfq,fhwpfckwGif om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpGm [Hom0wDodkUcsDawmfrl
rnfudk crnf;awmfbk&m;tm; þodkUem;awmfavQmuf\/ ( a&Teef;ocifwvdkif;jynfodkU csDawmfrlonf/
ESpfBudrfyifysufacs\/ qifç jrif; tvkH;t&if;udkvnf;ol&avonf/ uREfkyftrdESifh ESrudkvnf;ol&av
onf/ a&Teef;ocifrEdkifwufao;aomf aeawmfrlyg/ uRefa&uaeí a&rdausmif;uJhodkU Mun;fuaeí
vlom;pm;wwfaom ayg*dom'fuJhodkUusifhí wvdkif;rif;tom;udkpm;&atmif vkyfMuHygrnf/ rª;aumif;ç
rwfaumif;ç qifaumif;ç jrif;aumif;om ay;awmfrlyg[kavQmufvQif crnf;awmfvnf;cGifhjyKawmfrl\)
,if;aomtcg &mZm"d&mZfu olvQdKxm;awmfrl\/ rif;&Jausmfpgmu ayg&dom'ftrnfudkcHí vkyfMuHrnf
qdkonfudk Mum;cJhonfhtwdkif;avQmuf\/ rif;&J;ausmfpgmayg&dom'ftrnfudkcHaom igopfwokH[laom
trnfudkcHí onfjrefrmrif;om;i,fudk qkH;rrnfrdefUawmfrl\/ ,if;aomtcg om;amf ]]rif;jzL}}onf
rif;&J;ausmfpGm [laomtrnfudkcHonf/ ,if;aomtcg touf 17 ESpf&dSNyD rif;om;rdefUawmfrlonf/ a&T
eef;ocif tvkH;t&if;trsm;ESifhcsDawmfrlonf/ csDwdkif; ESpfBudrfyifysufacs\/ qifjrif;tvkH;t&if;udk
&avonf/ ighr,fawmfESifh ighESrawmfudkvnf;&avonf/ a&Teef;ocif wvdkif;rif;udk rEdkifwwfao;
vQif aeawmfrlapawmh uREfkyfa&uaeí rdausmif;uJhodkU vlom;pm;&atmifMuH&rnfjzpf\/ rª;aumif;ç
rwfaumif;ç qifaumif;ç jrif;aumif;ESifh igudk,fawmfcsDí vkyfMuHygrnf[kqdk\/
,if;aomtcg csD&aom wyfum;- awmifilpm; vufsmBuD;wwyfç jynfpm; ysHcsDwwyf ç pvif;
pm; aemf&xmwwyfç y'kHpm;wwyf ç ykcef;pm;wwyf ç tkef;aygif odkaMumifbGm;wwyf ç anmifa&T
axmrIdif;BuD;wwyf ç onfMunf;wyfwGifygonfh wdkufqif (400) av;&m/ jrif;(6000)ajcmufaxmif/
ppfonfol&J; (70000)ckESpfaomif;ESifh om;awmfrif;&J;ausmfpGmudk Adkvfrª;jyKí a&tm;Munf;tm;
om,m0wDaMumif;wvdkif;jynfodkUcsD&onf/ ajrmif;jrodkUa&mufawmfrlvqif NrdKUudktBudrfBudrfvkyfMuH
awmfrlonfr&acs/ ajrmif;jrudkpm;aom ordefjzwfpvnf; vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifh rif;&J;ausmfpGm
odkUapawmfrl\/

avQmufvkdufonfum;
]]uRefawmfajrmif;jrpm;&dScdk;em;awmfavQmuf0Hhonf a&Teef;ocifom;awmf..... ajrmif;jrudkwq,fh
ESpfESpfyif vkyfMuHawmfrlaomfvnf; &awmfrlrnfr[kwf &J;rufawmfwdkUom yifyef;rnfjzpfonf/
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; OD;&D;awmfopömawmfESifh jzpfonf/ trIawmfudk toufudkpGefUíxrf;&rnfjzpfonf/
OD;&D;awmfvnf; rkwår vdkif`yGJ;pm;aomif;Murf;aví csDawmfrlavonf/ ,ckvdkif`yGJ;NrdKUudk atmifjrifawmf
rlíjyefawmfrlvSmNyDMum;onf/ OD;&D;awmfa&mufvQif ppfESpfbufn§yf&dSrnf taMumif;udk&dScdk;em;awmf
avQmuf0Hhonf[lí qufvSm\/ rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; ordef;jzwfpighudk aMumuf&GHUcefUjim;íavQmufvSm
onfrdefUawmfrlNyD;rS yPÖmum&rsm;ay;awmfrlvdkuf\/
 5 - ykodefokdUrif;&J;ausmfpGmcsDykH

rdk;aomufvQif ajrmif;jruonf ykodefodkUcsDawmfrlí NrdKUudkvkyfMuHawmfrlonf r&acs/ ajymif;

aoewfxlxyfvSaomaMumifh NrdKUucGgí wyfcdkifwyfvkHESifh 0dkif;&Haeav\/ ykodef;pm; trwf'defvnf;
vufaqmif vufeuftrsm;ESifh wlpE´&modudkavQmufvSm&\/
avQmufonfum;
]]uRefawmfykodefpm;trwf'defrPd&Gwf&dScdk;em;awmfavQmuf0Hhonfa&Teef;ocifom;awmfOD;&D;awmf
qifjzLocifonf ykodefNrdKUwGifaeí t&Sifom;csDawmfrlvSmvQif cHEdkifatmif cH[lítrdefUawmf&dSonf/
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; OD;&D;awmfopömawmfESifh jzpfí NrdKUjyusKH;ajrmif;tp&dSaom uwkwf&ifwm;wdkUudk
cdkifcefUatmifpD&ifí 3 -ESpf 4 - ESpf rsdK;&du©moGif;í ae&onf/ t&Sifom;tESpfESpfyifvkyfMuHawmfrl
aomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdUNrdKUudk &awmfrlrnfr[kwf cyfodrf;aom owå0gwdkUqif;&J;jcif;a&mufrnft
aMumif;omjzpfonf/ ÓPfawmfESifh axmuf&IawmfrlrnftaMumif;udk &dScdk;em;awmfavQmuf0Hhonf}}[lí
apawmfrl\/
rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; trwf'defrPd&Gwfonf ighudkaMumuf&GHUí avQmufvSmonf[k rdefUawmfrl
NyD;rS ay;bG,furf;bG,frsm;ay;awmfrlí oHwdkUudkvTwfvdkuf\/ ykodefwGif trwf'defcHonfr&Edkifacs
aomaMumifh cJ;aygifodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ cJ;aygifwGifvnf; oHus,ftcdkifcHí xdk;ypfESifhaomaMumifhr&acs/
,if;odkUvQif rif;&J;ausmfpGmrª;BuD;rwfcdkifwdkUudkac:í wdkifyifawmfrl\/ xdktcg &rnf;oif;
pnfolavQmufonf/ ,ckwvdkif;jynfudk rvkyfMuHoifhao; uRefawmfwdkUEdkifiHjzpfaom &cdkifNrdKUudkolvkyf
MuHí &vQif e&rdwfvSudk eef;wifavonf/ EdkifiHawmf&cdkifodkUcsDí vkyfMuHawmfrlOD;/ &cdkifudk&rS
olUjynfolU&Gmudk vkyfMuHawmfrloihfonfavQmuf\/ rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; onfta&;onf oifhvSay
onf[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;rS wyfudkEIwfícsDawmfrl\/
jynfNrdKUodkUa&mufvQif avSwyfu&J;rufudk Munf;wyfbGJUí &cdkifodkUcsDawmfrl\/ avSwufrsm;
udkvnf; jrpfpOfwavsmuf NrdKU&Gmt0odkUa&mufatmifydkU&\/ rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; &cdkifodkUa&mufvQif
e&rdwfvS qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh cHESifhonfudk okH;pkcGJí½Gyf½GyfcRHcRH vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ e&rdefvSrcH
Edkifí ysufav\/ ysufvQif &J;avSBuD;wpfpif;ESifhom ukvm;jynfodkUajy;av\/ ,if;odkUvQif &cdkifudk
&awmfrlí vufsmBuD;udk NrdKUpm;xnfhcJhí awmifpnfckepfc½dkifudk vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ &cdkifoHwGJ;NrdKUudk
&vQif pkuúaw;trwfudk NrdKUpm;xnfhcJhí jyefawmfrl\/ t0odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif crnf;awmfbk&m;
tm;&awmfrlí pm;awmf uGrf;cGufç aomufa&waumif;bkH; ç pm;awmf vbuftdk;wpfpkHqkay;awmfrl
onf/
 6 - &cdkifjynfodkU [Hom0wDucsDykH

&cdkifNrdKU oHwGJ;NrdKUudk rif;&J;ausmfpGm vkyfMuH&avonf/ e&rdwfvSrlum; - ewfavS (&J;avS)

wpfpif;ESifhomukvm;jynfodkUajy;avonf [lí &cdkifom;wdkU &mZm"d&mZfudkavQmufavonf/
&mZm"d&mZfvnf;ouú&mZf 773 ckESpfwGif ordefjAydkufç ordeftJ;aumif;ydefwdkU ESpfwyfudk wdkufqif
(50)ig;q,f/ jrif; (200)ESpf&m/ ppfonfol&J; (50000) ig;aomif;cefUí oHwGJ;NrdKUodkUcsDvm&onf/
oHwGJ;pm;pkuúaw;vnf; NrdKUjyusKH;ajrmif;uwkwf&ifwm;jyifqifícH\/ &Snfvwfaomf rcHEdkifí &cdkifNrdKU
odkUayaygif;av\/ ordef;jAydkufç ordeftJ;aumif;ydefwdkUvnf; oHwGJ;NrdKUuktcdkifaeav\/
xdktaMumif;udk bk&ifrif;acgif Mum;awmfrlvQif om;awmfrif;&J;ausmfpGmwdkU 7 - wyfudk wdkuf
qif (300) jrif;(3000) okH;axmif ppfonfol&J; (80000)&Spfaomif;ESifh csD&av\/
oHwGJ;odkUa&mufvQif NrdKUudktBudrfBudrfvkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ ordefjAydkufç ordef;tJ;aumif;ydefwdkU
cHESifhonf NrdKUjycdkifvSaomaMuifh r&acsrS &HwyfvkyfNyD;vQif qkwfíaeav\/ NrdKUwGif;uvnf; wyfrif;
jAoHydkufpD&ifí nOfhudkrD;ESpfBudrfwdkufí rif;&J;ausmfpGmwyfudk avmifavaomaMumifh wyf 7 wyfvkH;
jzefUí vlol&J;ruftrsm;apmifh&\/
 7 - wvdkif;wdkUy&d,m,fjyKykH

,if;odkUvQif okH;vcefU0ef;&Híaeawmfrlonf/ xdktcg NrdKUwGif;om;wvdkif;wdkU iwfrGwfvSaom

aMumifh vTm;arSmufwdkwdkUudkom csufjyKpm;aoomuf&\/ ,if;odkU&dSvwfaomf ordef;jAydkuf þodkUqdk
\/ ,ckvnf; rsdK;&du©mukefí igwdkUppfonfiwfrGefvSacsNyD/ a&SUwq,fh - udk;&ufMumvQif olUuRef
jzpfawmhrnf/ y&d,m,fa00kpfjzifh rif;&J;ausmfpGmudkjyefavatmif MuHrS igwdkUolUvufuvGwfrnf[lí
ygonfh trª;trwfwdkUudkqdk\/ MuHonfum; &mZm"d&mZfu ay;rSmonft[efpmpD;NyD;amf vl 5 -
a,mufudkydkUvm&\/ pmwGifygonfum; -
]]igtrdefUawmf&dSonf ordef;jAydkufç ordef;tJ;aumif;ydef trª;trwftaygif;wdkU....rif;
wdkUudk rif;&J;ausmfpGm 0ef;&Hí vkyfMuHvmonf/ rif;wdkUcHí xdk;ypf&Seonfrsm;aom
aMumifhtEdkifcGgíwyfESifhaeonfudkvnf; rif;wdkUuxGufí rD;wdkuf&onf[lí igMum;
awmfrlonf/ rif;wdkUudkvnf; rª;BuD;ç rwfBuD;t&modkUjzpfatmif jyKpkonftusdK;
igcHawmfrl&ayonf/ rif;wdkU0wfukefayNyD/ igudk,fawmfyif a&aMumif;Munf;aMumif;
OD,mefykodkUcsDawmfrlrnf/ rif;wdkUvnf; igra&mufcif cHEdkifatmifcHíae/ ,ckigvnf;
ordefjzwfp ESifh trwf 'defrPd&Gwfudk wdkufqif (50)ig;q,f/ jrif; (200) ESpf&m/
Adkvf (40000)av;aomif;ESifh vif;yawhaMumif;csDvmaponf/ ydkufujrifwdkUudkvnf;
rkwårom;rsm;ESifh vGef;usif (100) w&mcefUrsdK;&du©mwifí rif;wdkUodkUarmf"uf&mZf
aMumf;ydkUavapNyD/ rif;&J;ausmfpGm cGgaomfvnf; rcGgapESifh aemufxyfvdkufíwdkuf/
igvnf; tvkH;t&if;trsm;ESifh OD,mefykaMumif;csDí qD;rnf[k pma&;NyD;rS wyfrif;
r,m;wyf rif;om;rsm;u pmacGvnf;trsm;yif onfpm;rsm;udk ylwmwGif xnfhí
t0wftpm; rkHUxkyfyJ;xkyf tarT;tBudKifxnfhí uwDåyg tdwfwGif oGwfNyD;aomf
wHqdyfvufsmcwfNyD;rS vlrm 5 - a,mufudknOfhudkxGufavapí rdk;aomufvQif
yJ;ul;uvmonft[ef jrefrmwdkUu uif;apmifhjrifatmif awmuxGufí oHwGJ;NrdKU
wGif;odkUtajy;0ifcJh[kap\/
jrefrmrmuif;apmifhwdkUjrifvdkufaomf ylwmacgif,ufudkcsí NrdKUwGif;okdU0ifav\/rif;&J;ausmfpGm
uif;apmifhwdkUvnf; ylwmacgif,ufudk,lSí quf\/ rif;&J;ausmfpgmvnf; ylwmxJ;wGifygonfudk
Munfh½Iapaomf pmudkawGUí bwf&\/ pmwGifygaMumif;udkMum;awmfrlvQif rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkU
udk ac:íwdkifyifawmfrl\/ ,if;aomtcg &rnf;oif;pnfolavQmufonfum; onftaMumif;udk
axmufaomf ordefjzwfp ordef'defwdkUonf vif;yawhaMumif;csDrnfqdkonf/ &mZm"d&mZfvnf;OD;,mefyk
aMumif;csDvrnf/ onfwGif t&Snfaeacsaomf ppfokH;rsufESm vkH;ydwfí&dSjcdrfhrnf/ tvsifcGgí jyefawmfrl
OD;awmh/ a&S;rdk;pJ;avomudkrS ppfaMumif;pD&ifawmfrlí wBudrfcsDOD;awmh[kavQmuf\/ rif;&J;ausmfpGm
vnf; onfta&;oifhvSNyD[k wyfudkEkwfí jyefawmfrl\/
xdkouú&mZf (772) ckESpf&mhckESpfq,fhESpfckwGif &mZm"d&mZftrwfordefjAydkufçordeftJ;aumif;ydef
wdkUvnf; rif;&J;ausmfpGmcGgí t0odkUa&mufNyDMum;vQif &cdkifNrdKUudkcsOf;í vkyfMuHavonf/ &cdkifpm;
vufsmBuD;ESifh pkuúaw;vnf; tvkH;t&if;trsm;ESifh &cdkifNrdKUucH\/ &Snfvwfaomf t0uppfula&mufcJ;
onfESifh &cdkifom;wdkU wvdkif;ESifh wcsufwnf;jzpfavaomaMumifh rcHEdkifysufav\/ &cdkifysufcJhvQif
e&rdwfvSudkeef;wifí vufsmBuD;ESifh pkuúaw;udk [Hom0wDodkU,lav\/
 8 - odef;eDapmfbGm;udk rif;&J;ausmfpGwdkuf,lykH

ouú&mZf (773) ckESpf&mhckESpfq,fhokH;ckwGif odef;eDapmfbGm;tvkH;t&if;trsm;ESifh t0odkUvkyfMuH

rnfcsDvm\/ xdktaMumif;udk tkef;aygifodkaMumifbGm;uavQmufí bk&ifrif;acgifMum;awmfrlvQif
om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpGmudkAdkvfrª;cefUawmfrlí yk*Hw&zsm;wwyfç tjrifh&mZoMuøwwyfç &rnf;oif;
pnfolwwyfç uav;aus;awmifndKwwyf ç rdk;ñ§if;owdk;wwyf ç pnfhul;b,umrPdwwyf onf
7 - wyfudk wdkufqif (200)ESpf&m/ jrif; ( 4000) av;axmif/ ppfonfol&J; (70000)aomif;ESifh
qD;MudKíwdkufav[k cefUawmfrl\/ rif;&J;ausmfpGmwdkU qifacgif;0uf0iftvGefodkUa&mufvQif jrif;wyf
csif;awGUíwdkufMuaomf odef;eDapmfbGm;jrif;wyfysufav\/ rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; xyfívdkufawmfrl
onf apmfbGm;vnf; om;orufESifhwuG qD;BudKí qifESifhcHvSm\/ xdktcg rif;&J;ausmfpGm qifawmf
icspfcdkifudkpD;í wdkufawmfrlonf/ apmfbGm;qifESifh renf;Muma0SUMupOfwGif apmfbGm;om;qifESifhulvSm
onfudkaus;awmifndK qifcRef;bGifhíwdkufonf/ apmfbGm;om;qifvnfí ajy;av\/ apmfbGm;oruf
qifESifhulí wdkufjyefvSmonfudk rdk;n§if;owdk; BudKíwdkufjyefav\/ apmfbGm;orufqifvnf;av\/
rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; apmfbGm;udk vdkufodyfíwdkufonfudk apmfbGm;qiftm;BuD;í qifpG,fcsif;&Sufí&dS&m
wGif apmfbGm;,pfonfudk odawmfrlonfESifh olUqifodkUckefí apmfbGm;ESifh ukef;v,faemufyJUudk ckwfícs
av\/ ,if;odkUvQif apmfbGm;ppfonfwdkU ysufíajy;av\/ apmfbGm;pD;aom qifESifhwuG qif 6 -
pD;/ jrif; (200)ESpf&m/ vl(800)&Spf&m&awmfrl\/ &Srf;ppfonfwdkUvnf; okH;&mausmfcefUaoav\/
apmfbGm;aoí ppfysufvQif om;orufwdkUvnf; Adkvfyg½kH;pkí jyefav\/
 9 - rif;&J;ausmfpGm odef;eDbufu ppfulvmaom w½kyfwdkUudkwdkufykH

rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; &onfhokHUyef; qifjrif;wdkUudk crnf;awmfudk qufapí odef;eDodkUta&muf

csDawmfrl\/ odef;eDapmfbGm; om;orufwdkUvnf;w½kyfwdkUudk ppfulac:í NrdKUudkcdkifcefUatmif vkyfNyD;
vQif rsdK;&du©moGif;ícH\/ rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; odef;eDNrdKUudktBudrfBudrfvkyfMuHonfr&acs/ 5 -
vcefUaeawmfrl\/ ,if;odkUpOfwgif w½kyfwdkUu jrif;onf (2000)ESpfaxmif/ ajconf (20000)
ESpfaomif;ppfulrnfvmonfudk rif;&J;ausmfpGmMum;awmfrlvQifodef;eDNrdKUurod&atmif nOfhucGgawmfrl
cJhí pifcefawmwGif wdkufqif (200)ESpf&m/ jrif;(3000) okH;axmif/ ppfonfol&J;(40000)av;aomif;
ESifhaeav\/ w½kyfppfulvmonfudk 3 pkcGJ;í awmuxGufíwdkufavonf/ w½kyfwdkUysufav\/
w½kyftrwf 5 a,mufESifh jrif; (1000)waxmifausmf/ vl (2000) ESpfaxmifausmf okHUyef;&\/ jrif;
(500)ig;&mausmf cefUaoav\/ w½kyfwdkUudkatmifjrifawmfrlvQif odef;eDNrdKUudk&HjrJ;&Híaejyef\/
 10 - &mZm"d&mZfjynfodkUcsDwufykH

&mZm"d&mZfvnf; rif;&J;ausmfpGmodef;eDudkcsDonfMum;vqif Munf;wyf&Spfwyf ç a&wyfq,fh

ESpfwyfpD&ifí jynfNrdKUudkvkyfMuHrnfcsDvSm\/ Munf;wyfrSm wdkufqif (300) okH;&m/jrif; (8000) &Spf
axmif/ ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifhcsDawmfrl\/ jynfpm;ysHcsDvnf;usKH;ajrmif;NrdKUjyuwkwf&ifwm;
cdkifcefUatmif vkyfNyD;vqif rsdK;&du©moGif;ícH\/&mZm"d&mZfvnf;tBudrfBudrfvkyfMuHonfajymif;aoewf
tajrmuf jrwylxlvSí &J;rufAdkvfygtaotaysmufrsm;vSonfESifh NrdKUucGgí Munf;a&0ef;&Hvsuf
aeav\/ wvcefU&dSvqif rkwåraus;a,;NrdKUudk ,kd;',m;wdkUwdkufavaomaMumifh [Hom0wDNrdKUudk
apmifhwdkUu &mZm"d&mZfudk avQmufíMum;vqif om;awmf Anm;ykodef;udk Adkvfrª; ordef;tJ;y&J;udk
ppfuJ;cefUí ordefoHus,f ç ordefavmufyif ç ordefapmcHcuf ç ordefO&def onftrwf ol&J;aumif;
rsm;ESifh wdkufqif (200)ESpf&m/ jrif;(400)av;&m/ppfonfol&J;(50000)ig;aomif;ESifhjynfNrdKUudk0ef;&Hí
aeav\/ &mZm"d&mZfrlum; - a&aMumif; Munf;aMumif;rkwårodkUcsDawmfrl\/
 11 - bk&ifrif;acgifjynfNrdKUodkUcsDwufykH

t0bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; [Hom0wDbk&if&mZm"d&mZfonf om;Anm;ykodefudk jynfNrdKU&HwyfwGif

vkHjcHKatmiftapmifhxm;í rkwårNrdKUodkUcsDí ,dk;',m;om;wdkU wdkufrnf[k a&aMumif;pkefoGm;aMumif;udk
Mum;awmfrlvQif 7 - wyfpD&ifcefU&efawmfrl\/ xdk 7 - wyfwGif ygonfh wkdufqif (400)av;&m/
jrif;(6000)ajcmufaxmif/ ppfonfol&J;(20000) ESpfaomif;ESifh Munf;aMumif;csDawmfrlaponf/
&mZm"d&mZfom Anm;ykodefvnf; rª;BuD;rwfcdkifwdkUudk jynfNrdKUwGifcHaeap\/ taemufbufwvJ;pD;odkU
ul;í wyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfíaeavonf/
bk&ifrif;acgifrlum; om;awmfrif;&J;ausmfpGm odef;eDNrdKUujyefí t0odkUra&mufao;onfudk
iHhawmfr\/ om;awmfrif;&J;ausmfpGm odef;eDNrdKUtvsifcsDcJhí t0odkUa&mufvQif uwåK ç vGefusif ç &JavSç
avSmfum;oHavS ç ukefavStp&dSaom wdkufavStrsm;pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí jynfodkUcsDawmfrlNyD;vQif
NrdKUywfvnf Munf;a&0ef;&Híaeawmfrlonf/ jynfNrdKUwGif;om; wvdkif;wdkUvnf; bk&ifrif;acgif ç
rif;&J;ausmfpGmwdkUa&mufí Munf;a&0ef;&Hawmfrlvqif &Sm;yg;iwfrGwfí&dSav\/ xdkodk&Sm;yg;iwfrGwf
usOf;ajrmif;í &dSaMumif;udk [Hom0wDbk&m&mZm"d&mZm rkwåruMum;awmfrlvQif &J;avS 10 - pif;ESifh
tjyif; rkwårNrdKUuqefawmfrlcJhí NynfNrdKUodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif jynfNrdKUwGif 0ef;&Haeaom t0bk&ifrif;
acgifom; rif;&J;ausmfpGmwdkUESifh jynfNrdKUwGif; &J;avs 10 pif;csif; wdkufMuí txdtyg;t&Stersm;onf
ESifh NrdKUwGif;om;rsm;vnf iwfrGwf&Sm;yg;vSí jynfNrdKUwGif&Haeapaom ordefvuGef;tdefESifhwuG
&mZ"d&mZfonf xdknOfhwGif;yif tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG [Hom0wDodkU pkajy;av\/
bk&ifrif;acgifESifh rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; qifjrif; avSwufrysufpk½kH;í wvkH;wnf; a&tm;
Munf;tm; xyfívdkufawmfrl\/ [Hom0wDodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif wrdk;wgif;ywfvkH;aeí vkyfMuHawmfrl
aomfvnf; r&acs/ aemufvQif &J;rufAdkvfygqifjrif;vlolwdkUvnf; tyiftyef;&dSonfESifh [Hom0wDNrdKU
ywfvnf&awmfrlaom qifjrif;vlkokHUyef;wdkUudk ,lawmfrlí [Hom0wDrSonf t0aejynfawmfodkU
a&tm; Mum;tm;qefawmfrlonf/
 12 - rif;&J;ausmfpGmtdrfa&SUay;awmfrljcif;

aejynfawmft0u a&TNrdKUawmfodkU a&mufawmfrlvQif om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpGmudk tdrfa&SUay;

awmfrlonf/ tdrfa&SUrif;&J;ausmfpGm rdbk&m;um; ykcef;BuD;udkpm;aom rif;w&mhzsm;orD;awmfapmrif;vS
ESifh txufu jynfpm;ysHcsDESifh pkHbufawmfrlonf/ aemufjynfpm;ysHcsDr&dSvQif pkuúaw;udkay;awmfrljyef
onf/ pkuúaw;ESifh pkHbufí7 v&dSvQif pkuúaw;udk½kyfí om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpGmESifh xdrf;jref;awmfrl
jyefítdrfa&SUrdbk&m;jzpfonf/
 13 - NrdKUpm;ay;tyfcsxm;ykH

ouú&mZf (774)ckESpf&mhckESpfq,fhav;ckwGif awmifil auwkrwDNrdKUudkpm;aom rif;vufsmBuDudk

ighuReftdkrif;NyD aus;pGef&Gmem;ESifh rwef[kawmifilauwkrwDNrdKUudkEkwfí jyifpnfNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/
awmifilauwkrwDNrdKUukdrlum; apmvl;ocF,mudkay;awmfrlonf/ yk*Hudkvnf; ykcef;w&zsm;udkay;awmfrl
onf/ ykcef;NrdKUudkylum om;awmftvwfrif;&J;ausmfxifudk ay;awmfrlí uHauR;cH&onf/ om;awmf
i,f oD[oludkum; jynfNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/ ppfudkif;NrdKUudk trwf&mZoMuøudk ay;awmfrlonf/
ajrwl;NrdKUudk oufawmf&Snfudkay;awmfrlonf/ pukNrdKUudk icifndKudkay;awmfrlonf/ aygufNrdKifudk
pnfolBuD;om; pnfoli,fudkay;awmfrlonf/
xdkouú&mZf (774)ckESpf&mhckepfq,fhav;ckwGif pvif;pm; aemf&xmysHcsD om;&J;jrwfvSudkom;
awmf tdrfa&SUrif; rif;&J;ausmfpGmwGif pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif cefUawmfrlí aemufawmfwGif tjrJuGrf;a&udkif
ívdkuf&onf/
 14 - armfwkHarmfu,fpm;udk rif;&J;ausmfpGmwdkufy
H
ouú&mZf (774)ckepf&mhckepfq,fhav;ckwGif EdkifiHawmfjzpfaom ajrwl;NrdKUudkarmfwkHarmfu,fpm;
&Srf;wdkUu xdyg;vmaMumif;udkavQmufvmí bk&ifrif;acgifMum;awmfrlaomaMumifh om;awmf tdrfa&SU
rif; rif;&J;ausmfpGmudk 11- wyfpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlícsD&onf/ 11- wyfwGifygonfh qifvkH;jrif;&if;
um;wdkufqif(300)okH;&m/ jrif;(4000)av;axmif/ ppfonfol&J;&Spfaomif;ESifh rif;&JausmfpGm aemuf
wyfrjyKí csDawmfrlonf/ ajrwl;odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif tqnf;twm;t&yftaer&dS ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyfMuH
awmfrlvQif armfwkarmfu,fpm;wdkU wyfrcHEdkifíysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufav\/ xdkodkUysufpD;avvQif
armfwkHarmfu,fpm; nDtpfudkESpfa,mufwdkU ½kH;rdorQaom &J;rufvlolESifhwug jrif;pD;í w½kyfjynfodkU
ajy;av\/ om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; oifwdkUom;r,m; qifjrif;vlolokHUyef;udk,lí t0odkUjyef
awmfrl\/
 16 - qifawmfyurwfESihf ordefy&rf;udk&aomppfyGJ;

om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpgmvnf; wvdkif;rif;&mZm"d&mZf orufordefy&rf; yurwf[laom

qifudkpD;ícHcHonfudk vdkufxyfíwdkufawmfrlvQif wvdkif;wdkUysufí orufawmfpD;aom qifyurwfESifh
wuG ordefy&rf;udkvnf; &awmfrl\/ qifç jrif;ç vlxk trsm;vnf; &awmfrl\/ ,if;uonfaemuf
ykodefodkUcsDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ ykodefNrdKuwGifvnf; &mZm"d&mZftrwf rPd&Gwfç trwf'def
ESpfa,muftajrmufaoewfrsm;ESifh cHaeavaomaMumifh r&acs/ ykodefaus;vufom;wdkUrlum; -
vlwaxmifig;&mcefU uRefawmfcHvSm\/
aemufajrmif;jrNrdKUudk vkyfMuHawmfrljyefaomfvnf; r&acsí ajrmif;jrNrdKUudk ywfvnf&Híom
ae&\/ om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpGmrlum; tvsifu&awmfrlonf/ &mZm"d&mZforuf ordefy&rf;ESifhwuG
wvdkif;trwf ESpfusdyfausmfudk,lí a&TavSmfum;&Spfpif;ESifh trSwfrJht0odkU qefawmfrlonf/ 11-&ufESifh
t0odkUa&mufawmfrl\/ bk&ifrif;acgifvnf;om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpGm a&mufvSmí ppfwk&uFolç
vuf0J;a,mf"mwdkU yGJ;&aMumif;udk avQmufí Mum;awmfrlvQif tm;&awmfrlí ppfwk&ufoludk eE´ol&d,ç
vuf0J;a,mf"mudk eE´ausmfol[laom trnfudkoem;awmfrlonf/ om;awmfrif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; t0
wGif ckESpf&ufaeawmfrlNyD;vQif ajrmufom;awmfapmrif;vvSudk,lí atmuf'vNrdKUodkU pkefawmfrljyef
onf/ av;nOfh-5&ufESifh 'vNrdKUodkUa&mufawmfrl\/ ,if;aomtcg wvdkif;rif; &mZm"d&mZfvnf;
ZmwmawmfroefUonf[lí usdef;cef;umvaA'ifodjrifaom ynm&dS yka&m[dwfwdkU avQmufaomaMumifh
[Hom0wDrSonf rkwårNrdKUodkUul;íaeawmfrlonf/ ykodefNrdKUudkapmifhaom trwf'defrPd&GwfwdkUudk ac:
awmfrlí [Hom0wDrsm NrdKUapmifhxm;awmfrlcJhí apmifhae&onf/ ykodefNrdKUudk trwfarmcGifapmifh&onf/
aemufvQif ykodefajrmif;jrpaom taemufwvTm;NrdKUaus;pm;wdkUESifh wuGUuRefawmfcH0ifvSmukef\/
w*kefNrdKU oHvsifNrdKUudkrlum; - rcHacsaomaMumifh a&wyfç Munf;wyf ywfvnf0ef;&Hí qD;qdkUcHaeawmf
rl&acsonf/
 17 - tif;0odkUw½kyfppfa&mufvmykH

t0aejynfawmfrSmvnf; txufrif;&J;ausmfpGm wdkuf&mwGif armfwkHarmfu,fpm;wdkU½IH;í

oif;wdkU om;r,m;udk om;wmfrif;&J;ausmfpGmodrf;,lcJhí t0rSm&dSonfESifh armfwkHarmfu,fpm; nDtpfudk
om jrif;ESifh w½kyfNrdKUodkUajy;í vGwfavaomaMumifharmfwkHarmfu,fpm; nDtpfudkwdkU w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;
odkUoGm;í uRefawmfwdkU om;r,m;udk aexGufbk&iftxHrSm odrf;,lxm;í&dS&avonf/ aexGufbk&if
rSm awmif;í oem;awmfrlygrS om;r,m;udk &ygrnf[k awmif;yefMuavaomaMumifh w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;
u w½kyfNrdKUaus;ta0;teD;ü &dSaeukefaom apmfbGm;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí aexGufbk&ifrSm armfwkHarmf
u,fpm; om;r,m;wdkUudkawmif;í armfwkHarmfu,fpm;wdkUudkay;av/ ray;vQif wdkufav[lí wdkuf
qif ESpf&mç jrif;ESpfaxmifç ajconfol&J;av;aomif;csDvmí a&mufvQif a&m0uonf wyfBuD;çaMu;
jrifwdkifç awmifbDvl;ç vkH;awmfç aygufwdkifatmif wyfwnfí aeav\/ bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; ppfBuD;
awGUrnfpD&ifonf/ yJ;ul;odkUrif;&J;ausmfpGmESifh trª;trwfppfonf uGJ;acsaomaMumifh olppftifBuD;av
í NrdKUjyusKH;ajrmif;jyifqifícH\/ w½kyfwdkUvnf; NrdKUudk&Hav\/ wvcefU&dSvQif rsdK;&du©mukefí
NrdKUwGif;odkUapvSm\/ ap[efum;
 18 - w½kyfwdkUta&;qdkvmykH

armfwkHarmfu,fpm; om;r,m;udkaomfvnf;ray;/ xGufíaomfvnf; rwdkufaeonf/ odkUyifae

aomf okH;ESpfvnfatmifaeí vkyfMuHrnf/ xGufí ta&;rqdkvQifvnf; wdkUujrif;wpD;ç aexGufbk&if
u jrif;wpD;ç ol&J;wa,mufcsif;xGufvmap? wdkUol&J;ESifh jrif;pD;csif;wdkufí wdkUol&J;½IH;vQifvnf;
jyefawmhrnf/ a&Teef;ocifu½IH;vQifvnf; armfwkHarmfu,fpm; om;r,m;udkay;ygawmh[lí apvSm\/
w½kyfwdkUpum;udk bk&ifrif;acgifMum;awmfrlvQif qifpD; jrif;pD;ol&J;aumif;wdkUonf om;awmf rif;&J;
ausmfpGm ESifh wvdkif;jynfrSmcsnf;&dSavaomaMumifh ol&J;a,mufsm;aumif;udkar;awmfrlaomf wa,mufrQ
xGuf0Hhoolr&dS acsvif rnfodkUrQrdefUawmfrrl wdwfwdwfaeawmfrl\/ xdktcg aygif;wnfpm;onf
em;awmfavQmuf\/ &mZm"d&mZforuf ordefy&rf;onf vufzsHvkH;wnf;? xdkoludkom;awmf&í
qufvSmooludk oHajccsif;cwfíxm;onf&dSonfr[kwfavm? ,if;onfoludk ar;awmfrlí pkHprf;aomf
vnf; oifhrnf[lí avQmufonfudkMum;vQif ordefy&rf;udkar;&av\/ ordefy&rf;vnf; uREfkyfuRef
udk oHajccsif;ESifh xm;awmfrlonf/ qif;&J;usOf;ajrmif;íyifyef;ñdI;EGrf;aomaMumifhomqdkonf/ol&J;csif;
wGif "m;wpif;ç vTm;wcsyfç qifwpD;csif;ç jrif;wpD;csif;ç wa,mufcsif;awGUawmf ZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f
uREkfyfwGif cHEdkifrnfavm/ aMumufonf [lír&dS[k ordefy&rf;avQmuf\/ Mum;awmfrlvQif oHajccsif;
udk cRwfapíac:awmfrlí acgif;aq;ap\/ auR;arG;awmfrlNyD;vQif w½kyfwdkUol&J;udkrif; jrif;pD;csif;Edkif
vQif &mZm"d&mZfay;onfxuf ay;awmfrlí igolaumif;jyKawmfrlrnf[lí rdefUawmfrl\/ ordefy&rf;
vnf; OD;cdkufítmrcH\/
 19 - w½kyfol&J;umrPdESifh jrif;pD;csif;wdkufykH

w½kyfol&J;umrPdvnf; qifpD;csif;ç jrif;pD;csif;ç ajccsifa,musfm;ol&J;csif;vQif tbufr&dSjyK

onf/ jrif;eDBuD;udk a&Tuxdk;í pD;onf oHcsyfrsufESmrnf;"m;udk ywåjrm;tjynfhpDí pGJonf/ a&TvSH
acsmif;vkH;ç atmif; 7 - qifhESifh ewfjrif;onfESifhtwl w½kyfwdkUrSwfonf/ bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; ordef
y&rf;udk t0NrdKUwGif&dSoí jrif;udk,líjyonf/ ordefy&rf;pdwfESifh BudKufonf jrif;wpD;rQr&/ aemufrS
usHK;em;wGif pm;íaeaom jrif;eDrusnf;aphwpD;udkjrifrs BudKufí,l\/ touftoHodatmif ckepf&uf
vnfatmifpD;apNyD;rs 7 - &ufonf a,mufsm;aumif;csif;awGUpdrfhrnf[lí w½kyfwdkUudkqdkavap\/
w½kyfwdkUol&J; umrPdMum;vqif aomufpm;Budrf;0g;í aeESifh\/ csdef;csufonfaeUaphvQif ordefy&rf;
udk &Sifbk&ifrif;acgifokH;oyfí rdefUawmfrl\/ ol&J;trª;trwfwGif wefcdk;owif; t&J;t&ifh ESvkH;
Murf;BuD;onf/ Mum;onfESifhnDvSay\[lí rdefUawmfrl\/ ordefy&rf;vnf; jrif;eDrusnf;aphudkpD;
onf/ bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; ordefy&rf;udkpD;awmfrlaom ywåjrm;u vufokH;awmfpGJ;ywåjrm;"m;udk ay;
awmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg ordef&rf;udk ]]ighom;onf wcgudkjrJjrJatmifESvkH;jyKyg}} rdefUawmfrlonf/
ordefy&rf;vnf; Edkifpdrfhrnf uREfkyfbdkUxm;[lítmrcH\/ jcif;wvkH;udkjrif;wGifqGJ;í uREfkyfxdk;íus
vQif acgif;udk cRef;ESifhcsdwfiifíjzpf,lrnf/ csdefp&mcRef;ay;awmfrlyg[líavQmuf\/ jrefrmwdkUvnf;
Mum;vQifqdk\/ ]],kefr&rDSu orÇ&m&Smaom}}[l\odkUqdk\/ ordefy&rf;vnf; bk&ifrif;acgifudkOd;pdkufí
xGufrnfjyK\/ w½kyfbmomwwfaomolwdkUudkvnf; 0ef;&HapíxGuf&\/ NrdKUxufuvnf; &[ef;
vlolNzD;rQMunfhMuukef\/ ordef;y&rf;xGufonfudkjrifvQif w½kyfumrPdvnf; jrif;eDBuD;udka&Tuwif
í wyfuonf jrif;pD;í usHK;em;wdkifatmifvm\/ ,if;wGifrS ordefr&rf;ESifhqdkifí pum;ajymMu\/
igwdkUESpfa,mufonf trª;trwfol&J;aumif;jzpfMuonf/ ajcumç vufumç paemifpeif rjyKESifh
trsm;MunfhMuyavap[kqdkonf/ ,if;odkUrS ordefy&rf;onf udk,fudkcsKHUí jrif;tvsifpD;onf/
umrPdvnf;wkí ¤if;pd;\/ ordefy&rf;vnf; &yfípD;jyef\/ umrPdvnf;wkí jyefpD;jyef\/
ordefy&rf;vnf; vufESpfbufqefUí pD;jyefonf/ umrPdvnf; qefUípD;jyef\/
,if;odkUpD;&mwGif csyfwbufBudK;jywfonfudk ordefy&rf;jrifvQifqdk\/ wdkUESpfa,mufpD;Mu
onf okH;BudrfaphNyD/ ,ckaomfum; &MuatmifomjyK&awmhrnfqdkNyD;vqif ordefy&rf;vHSudkaemufxm;
ívufwbufudkqefUpD;onf/ umrPdvnf;vufudkqefUí vdkuf\/ ordefy&rf;vnf; tyg;odkUa&muf
vQif jrif;udk½kwfcsif;vSnfhí vufsmywfNyD;aomf w½kyfumrPDtm; "m;udkajr§mufíckwfrnfrdk;&mwGif
qefUonfvufatmufcsyfBudK;jywfí eHpyftom;av;opfcefUrQvyfonfudkxdk;rdvQif vuf0J;uonf
vufsmodkUiifNyD;vQif acgif;udkjzwfí jcif;wGifxnfhíNrdKUwGif;odkU0ifcJh\/ w½kyfwdkUvnf; vlr[kwfNyD
ewfuJhodkUjzpfayonf[lí tHhMoMuukef\/
bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; tm;&awmfrl\ qkvmbfrsm;pGmay;NyD;vQif wvkyf&mZolorD;i,fESifh
pkHbufawmfrlí rif;nDrif;om;wdkUtaqmifta,miftukefESifh v,fudkif;NrdKUudkay;awmfrl\/ jynfolt
aygif;wdkUvnf; rsm;pGmqkvmbfay;Muukef\/ w½kyfwdkUvnf; qdkonfpum;*wdtwdkif; ordefy&rf;udk
umrPd½IH;vQif jyefMuavukef\/
 20 - bk&ifrif;acgifxH wifvTmqufykH

rif;&J;ausmfpGmvnf; crnf;awmfbk&ifrif;acgifodkU pmquf&av\/ pmwGifygonfum;

]]a&Tb0g;awmfatmuf &dScdk;em;awmfavQuf0Hhaom bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifbk&m;
,ckbBuD;awmf Anm;EGJUonf uREfkyfrawGU0Hhí rkwårodkUajy;avonf/ uREkfyfudkaMumufvefUí a&wGif
qif;aoaomfvnf; wHigwdkUudkuGefESifhpGefUapí taumifudkoj*ØK[f&rSaernf/ yJ;ul;udkvkyfMuHí&rlum;
tuREkfyfvuf&jzpfawmhonf/ bkef;MuD;onf t&Sift&mawmf &wemqifjrif;uawmfpdk;rif;udk pdppfí
pma&;rnf/ olomvmygapbk&m;}} [k onfpmESifh ivwfudkapíquf&av\/
bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; ivwfa&mufvmí pmudkMum;awmfrlvQif vufckwfvufbufwD;í
 150 - awmifiljynftaMumif;

aZ,s0¹kewdkif; auwkrwDrnfaom awmifiljynfBuD;udk ouú&mZf(641)ajcmuf&mhav;q,fh

wpfckwGif yk*Heef;½dk;jzpfaom o0efBuD;wnfaxmifpjyKawmfrlonf/ o0efBuD;rSpí rif;29 quf
ouú&mZf (847)&Spf&mhav;q,fhckESpfwGif r[moD&daZ,sol&rif;onfOD;&D;awmfpnfoludkvkyfMuHírif;jyK
awmfrlonf/
t0bk&if'kwd,rif;acgifvnf; xD;jzLaqmif;í rif;xD;jyKav[k rif;ajr§mufwef;qm 5-yg;ESifh
ay;awmfrlonf/ t0NrdKUwnfowdk;rif;zsm;rSpí 'kwd,bk&ifrif;acgifwdkif rif; 12-qufwGif 'Gg&m0wD
NrdKUudk r[moD&daZ,sol&wnfawmfrlí rif;xD;jyKawmfrlonf/aemufrif;w&m;a½TxD;rif;jyKawmfrlonf/
aemufqifjzLrsm;&Sif rif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;crnf;awmf rif;&J;oD[ol rif;jyKawmfrlonf/
 151 - r[moD&daZ,sol&cHrif;BuD;ndKtaMumif;

auwkrwDNrdKUwnf r[moD&daZ,sol&taMumif;aomfum;- yk*Heef;usausmfpGmom;awmf yif;,

pum;&ausmif;'g,umOZemom;awmf pnfolrif;OD;om;awmf pnfolorÇ0 1/ om;awmf aygufNrdKifpnf
1/ om;awmf&rnf;oif;pnfolESifh nDawmfawmifilpnfolausmfxifudk jrifonf/ onfESpfyg;wGif aemif
awmf&rnf;oif;pnfolESifh rdk;ñSif;rif;w&m;nDawmf 0ygaemf&xmom;awmf ajrmufbufaemf&xmorD;
awmfESifhpkHbuf&mwGif jrifonf om;awmf orD;awmfum;-om;awmf'Gg&m0wDtdrfjzL&Sif b,eEÅrdwf
wyg;/ nDawmfeE´a,mf"mBuD;wyg;/ ESrawmfpnfoli,f rdbk&m;wyg;/ om;awmf 2/ orD;awmf
1/aygif;okH;yg;jrifonf/
&rnf;oif;pnfolnDawmf awmifilpnfolausmfxifESifh jyaumif;rif;BuD;orD;awmf rif;vSxGwf
ESifh pkHbuf&mwGif jrifonf om;awmf orD;awmfum;-om;awmfpnfoli,fwyg;/ ESrawmf rif;vSnuf
wyg;? nDrawmf rif;axG;wyg;/ om;awmf 1/ orD;awmf 2/ aygif;okH;yg;jrifonf/
&rnf;oif;pnfol orD;awmfrif;vSjrwfESifh awmifilpnfolom;awmf pnfoli,fESifh pkHbuf&m
wGif jrifonf om;awmf orD;awmfum; orD;awmfpdk;rif;wyg;/ armifawmf OZemwyg;/ nDawmf
rif;crnf;wyg;/ om;awmf 2/ orD;awmf 1/ aygif;okH;yg;jrifonf/
jrifpkdif;a½Teef;&Sifom;awmf oufawmf&Snfom;awmf oa&0¹kem? om;awmfoa&pnfol/ om;
awmfocF,m? om;awmf r[mocF,mESifhpnfolausmf orD;awmfrif;vSnufESifhpkHbuf&mwGif jrifonf/
om;awmforD;awmfum;- om;awmfauwkrwDNrdKUwnf rif;wyg;? ESrawmfrif;vSjrwfwyg;/ nDrawmf
rif;yef;wyg;? om;awmf-1/ orD;awmf-2/ aygif;okH;yg;wnf;/
pnfoli,fom;awmf rif;OZemESifh r[mocF,morD;awmf rif;vSjrwfESifh pkHbufawmfrlonf/
rif;OZemnDrif;crnf;ESifh rif;vSjrwfnDrawmfrif;yef;ESifh nDtpfudknDtpfr orD;ajrmufom;
pkHbufawmfrlonf/
pnfoli,forD;awmf pdk;rif;udkrlum;- wlawmfNrdKUwnf rif;BuD;ndKESifh pkHbufawmfrrl/ tBudrf
BudrfpkHbufygrnftaMumif;udk avQmufaomfvnf;roifh[líomrdefUawmfrlonf/ ,if;okdUrpkHbufvdk
vQif ESvkH;emínOfhtcsdefudk uRefw&mausmfESifh OD;&D;awmftdrfudk0ifí vkyfMuHonf qkH;acs\/
OD;&D;awmf pnfolr&dSvQif OD;&D;awmforD;awmfpdk;rif;ESifhwuG auwkrwDrnfaom awmifiljynf
BuD;udk ouú&mZf(847) &Spf&mhav;q,fhckESpfckwGif rif;jyKawmfrlonf/
awmifil&mZ0ifrSm rif;BuD;ndKcrnf;awmf r[mocF,mudk awmifilpnfolausmfxifom;awmf[l
íqdkonf/
pnfoli,fudkvnf; &rnf;oif;pnfolom;[lí qdkavonf/
auwkrwDNrdKUwnf r[moD&daZ,sol&um;-oufawmf 26-ESpfwGifrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ rif;jzpf
awmfrlvQif OD;&D;awmfpnfoli,ftdrfawmf&mwGif pnf;ckHBuD;wnfawmfrl\/ awmifilNrdKUajrmuf twm
w&mrQavmufaom ykyÜJ;acsmif;em;üt&yfudk jr0wD[korkwfí rdbk&m;ESifhwuG tdrfjzLaqmufíae
awmfrlonf/ r[moD&daZ,sol&um;-awmifiludk tvdkawmfjynfhvQif a&vTJ;jrpfrem; udktvsifwkdufí
NrdKUtvkH;udk,lawmfrl\/ jrpfrem;udk&vQif Muufompm;wdkU wom;wajr; uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ xdkUodkU
bkef;vuf½kH;tmPmESifh jynfhpkHawmfrlaMumif;udk wvdkif;rif; ,Gef;rif;wdkUMum;avaomf cefUnm;½GH&Smonf
jzpfí xD;jzLajr§mufpnfpaom rif;ajr§mufwef;qm 5-yg;ESifhwuG qifaumif;jrif;aumif; orD;unm
&wemwdkUudk qufvSmonf/
 ouú&mZf(853) &Spf&mhig;q,fhokH;ckwGif aumif;rIawmf awmifilNrdKUv,fwGif pnf;ckHBuD;udk xD;
wifawmfrlonf/ xdkrif;rdbk&m;wGif orD;awmf ,if;awmfrdbk&m;udk rsufESmjrifonf/
 153 - 'Gg&m0wDNrdKUodkUwvdkif;wdkUcsDvmykH

wvdkif;rif;Anm;&Hvnf; trsuf&dSí'Gg&m0wDNrdKUudk &Hav[ktrwfav;usdyfç qifw&mç ppfonf

ol&J;wodef;ajcmufaomif;ESifh csDvSmí'Gg&m0wDNrdKUudk &HvSm\/ (857)&Spf&mhig;q,fhckESpfckr[moD&d
aZ,sol&vnf; nDawmfrif;BuD;pnfolausmfxifudk wdkufqif&Spfq,f ç ppfonfol&J;ESpfaomif;ESifh
taemufwHcg;udkxGufíwdkuf&onf/ r[moD&daZ,sol&rSm qifulokH;q,fç ppfonfol&J;ESpfaomif;ESifh
awmifwHcg;udkxGufí wdkufawmfrlonf/ wvdkif;wdkU 16wyfvkH;ysufíajy;av\/ qif 70 ç okHUyef;vl
olokH;axmifausmf&awmfrl\/ aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/ wvdkif;wdkU16-wyfvkH;udkatmifjrifvQif
qifjrif;okHUyef;trsm;&aMumif;udk 'kwd,bk&ifrif;acgifodkUavQmuf&av\/ 'kwd,bk&ifrif;acgifvnf;
tm;&awmfrlí oD&aZ,sol&[laom trnf&if;wGifr[mxyfí r[moD&daZ,sol&[laom trnfESifh
rif;ajr§mufwef;qmig;yg;qkay;awmfrl\/ &rnf;oif;aus;rsm;udk zsufqD;avrSmawmfrlaomaMumifh
vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ ausmufcsufudk&awmfrl\/ aMumifjymodkUwBudrfcsDawmfrlonfvnf; qifjrif;
okHUyef;trsm;&awmfrlonf/
r[moD&daZ,sol&udk,fawmf qifawmf a0'em*udk pD;awmfrlí wkdufqif 80çjrif; -6axmif ç
ppfonfol&J; 4-aomif;ESifhjynfaus;odkUcsDívkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ okHUyef;qifjrif;trsm;&awmfrlonf/
qifatmufrvnf; woif;&awmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(863) &Spf&mhajcmufq,hfokH;ck awmfovif;v &rnf;oif;ESifha&vTJ;ig;c½dkifudkpm;aom
rif;&J;ausmfpGm tedpöa&mufawmfrlvQif rif;&J;ausmfpGmuRef ukd,f&Hawmfwaxmifausmf uRefcHvSm\/
t0rSmxdkouú&mZf(863)&Spf&mhajcmufq,fokH;ckewfawmfv a½Teef;&Sife&ywdudk om;awmfa½T
aemf&xm uRefiaomufMumykefpm;avaomaMumifh a½Taemf&xmudkuGyfrsufawmfrlvQifa½Taemf&xmcrnf;
awmf bk&ifr[moD[ol&uRefawmf&SifaxG;em;odefç yif;wvJpm;ç rif;w&m;uRefoD;rª;ç av;rª;ç &J;jrwf
vS onfig;a,mufonf ta>ct&Hqifjrif;vl 7-&mausmfESifh toufaornfudkaMumufíajy;xGufvSm
íuRefawmfcHvSmonf/ r[moD&daZ,sol&vnf; &SifaxG;em;odefudka,mufbawmfrif;OZemr&dSNyDjzpfí
ESrawmfrif;jrwfvSESifhpkHbufawmfrlonf/ onfjyifjrif0ifvSmoolwdkUudkvnf; txdkuftavsmufol
aumif;jyKawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf(864)&Spf&mhajcmufq,fhav;ckwGif t0a½Teef;ausmh&Sife&ywdu
baxG;awmf pvif;ESifhq,fNrdKUudkpm;onf owdk;"r®&mZmorD;awmfrif;vSxGwfESifh pkHbufawmfrlí
a&vTJ;ig;c½dkifESifh wuG ç jyaumif; ç uif;om ç a½TNrdKU ç awmifndK ç wvdkif;ao ç yufydkif ç pokef ç
NrdKUvSç tif;wJ; ç tifaygufç usyf ç oHiSuf ç yJ;ul;oydwf ç tif;csKH ç onfaus;rufrsm;udk ay;awmf
rlírif;xD;jzLjyK&onf/ NrdKUaus;½Gmrsm;udk&awmfrlvQif ½GmaewdkUudk 'Gg&m0wDodkUcsnf;oGif;awmfrlíNrdKU½Gm
rsm;udkawmjzpfaponf/ xdkouú&mZf (864) &Spf&mhajcmufq,fhav;ckwGif a½Teef;&Sife&ywdudk jcm;em;
awmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(865)&Spf&mhajcmufq,fhig;ckwGif anmif&rf;pm; rif;&J;ausmfxif tedpöa&mufvQif
anmif&rf; ç oif;BuD; ç ,if;awmf ç rdwd¦vm ç jrpfanmif; ç om*& ç onfajcmufNrdKUESifhwuG rif;&J;
ausmfxifBuD;om; b,ausmfxif ç rif;wkH;wm ç rif;jynfh0wdkUuRefawmfcHvSm\/ (rif;wkH;wmudk orD;
awmfESifh xdrf;jrm;av\/ ¤if;udk,if;awmfrdbk&m;ac:onf)/
 155 - bk&ife&ywdESifhykHawmifwGifwdkufykH

t0bk&if e&ywdvnf; tkef;aygifapmfbGm;ESifhwuG a&tm;Munf;tm;csDvSmí ykefawmifwGifppf

BuD;awGUMu\/ ,if;aomtcg t&yftaeroifhaomaMumifh ysufacsonf/ r[moD&daZ,sol&vnf;
qifawmf a½Taus;wpD;wnf;ESifhom vltaygif;wdkUudk u,frawmfrlívGwfap\/ pnfhul;NrdKUwGif;rSm rª;
awmf ç rwfawmf ç aqGawmf ç rsdK;awmf ç &J;rufawmfwdkUudk ol&avonfudkvnf; ukd,fwdkifawmf qif
pD;íxkwfawmfrlNyD;vQif ykcef;i,fodkUcsDawmfrl\/ ,if;aomtcg jynfbk&if owdk;rif;apmqif ]]Zmwdol
&}}roGm;Edkif ç ajcukefí ypfcJhonfudkawGUawmfrlí odrf;,lawmfrlcJh\/ ,if;urS yif;ewfarmufodkUcsD
awmfrlí t&yftaejyKNyD;rS ausmufyef;awmif;wk½Gif;wdkifNrdKUwdkUudk vkyfMuHaponf/ okHUyef;vlol uRJ; ç
EGm;trsm;&awmfrl\/ ouú&mZf(867) &Spf&mhajcmufq,fhckESpfckodkUa&mufavaomtcg pavykefawmif
wGif e,kefvysufacsonf/ ,if;odkUrS/
 156 - a½Teef;aMumh&Sif e&ywdudknDawmf 3-yg;jcm;em;ykH

ouú&mZf(869) &Spf&mhajcmufq,fhudk;ck a&mufaomtcg a½Teef;aMumh&Sif e&ywdrdaxG;awmf

om;awmf rif;BuD;ocFol ç rif;BuD;vwf ç rif;BuD;axG; ç onfrif;nDaemifokH;yg;onf qifvkH;jrif;&if;
ESifh ykcef;BuD;odkU0ifíaemifawmfe&ywdudk ykefuefaomif;usef;av\/ auwkrwDodkUvnf; ukd,fwdkif
awmfcsDí vkyfMuHawmfrlyg avQmufvSmaomaMumifh rif;BuD;ndK qifvkH; ç jrif;&if;pD&ifawmfrlí csDawmfrl
onf/ ausmufyef;awmif; ç ykyÜg; ç ioa,muf ç wk½Gif;wdkif ç pOfhul; ç ½Gmom ç ustdk ç onfNrdKUrsm;
udkzsufqD;cJhí a&eHacsmif;NrdKUwGif ta&;udkarQmfwif;í aeawmfrlonf/ ,if;urS rauG;wGif aeawmfrlí
jyiftvkH;udkcwfí xdkodkUpOfjynfbk&if owdk;rif;apmvnf; ykcef;rif;u ulnDrnf[lí a&tm;Munf;tm;
qefawmfrlvSmonf/ rauG;wGifawGUawmfrlMuvQif ighom;awmfudkjrifcsifonf[lí a½TavSmfum;ESihf
cHvSmonf/ r[moD&daZ,sol&vnf; pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif ta>ct&HESifhom vdkufawmfrlí abmifawmf
odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif raemvifyef;ESifh pm;awmftwlac:Muí opöm*wdxyfawmfrljyefonf/
,if;odkUrScsDawmfrlí uifydefUe*g;odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif a&r&dSaomaMumifh Adkvfygqifjrif; iwf
onfudk "d|mefopömjyKawmfrlonf/ wcPcsif; acsmif;BuD;vmí Adkvfygqifjrif;aomuf&\/ xdkt&yf
wGif ta&;udkarQmfwif;í aeawmfrlpOf ykcef;ysufí rif;nDaemifokH;yg;udk bk&ife&ywduGyfrsufav
aMumif;udkMum;vQif jyefawmfrlí ouú&mZf(870) &Spf&mhckESpfq,fwGif ,if;awmfpm;rif;jynfh0 jynfodkU
0ifrnf[líMum;avaomaMumifh tvkH;t&if;ESifhcsDawmfrlonf/ uvdefaus;[kef½Gm ç ykef½Gm ç rifvH ç
ukef;awmif ç uefawmif ç abmufavmuf onf½Gmrsm;udk zsufqD;awmfrlí ,if;awmftaemuf rcdkif
awmifrwGifaeawmfrlí awmifwGif;BuD;udkpkHprf;ap\/ odkUrSawmifwGif;wGif rif;BuD;ESifh pum;NyD;Muí
awmifwGif;rif;BuD;om;awmfti,f rif;BuD;a½TjrwfESifhpdk;rif; rdbk&m;wGifjrifaom orD;awmfESifhpkHbuf
awmfrlrnftaMumif;udk awmifwGif;rif;uqdkíta&NyD;MuvQifjyefawmfrl\/ auwkrwDodkU a&mufawmf
rlvQifawmifiljynfoljynfom;tvkH;NrdKUwnfp&mtkyfcsnf;zkwf&\/
ouú&mZf(871)&Spf&mhckESpfq,fhwpfckwGif awmifwGif;rif;om; rif;BuD;a½TjrwfudkydkUvSmí orD;
awmfudk rif;BuD;a½TjrwfESifhpkHbufawmfrlonf/
 157 - auwkrwDNrdKUwnfonfhtaMumif;

,if;odkUrS ouú&mZf(872) &Spf&mhckESpfq,fhESpfckwGif wefaqmifrkef;vjynfh 3-aeUeu©wf 26-

vkH;/ rdefpOf;/ jAdpämvuf/ t*Fg&m[ktwl/ Mumoyaw;rum&wGif/ aomMum Ak'¨[l;we*FaEGwGif ? pae
odefüeHeufESpfcgwGifMumtif;udktwGif;oGif;í ta&SUtaemuftwm(700)ckESpf&m/ awmifajrmuftwm
(500)ig;&m&dSaom auwkrwDrnfaom awmifilNrdKUBuD;udkwnfawmfrlonf/ Mumtif;wywfvnfudk
vnf; ydEéJ;o&uftp&dSaom oD;rsdK;O,smOf pHy,fMuuf½kHtp&dSaom yef;rsdK;O,smOfwdkUudkpdkufvkyf&onf/
a&tif;tv,fom,mvSpGmaom tdrfawmfudkaqmufap\/ tif;wbufwefaqmif;rif;wJ;aqmufapNyD;
vQif obifrjywfcHawmfrlí½TifpHawmfrlonf/ NrdKUv,feef;awmft&müvnf; r@yfaqmufapí NrdKUywf
vnf0ef;usifwGif oDwif;okH;aom t&d,moCFm/ ta0;teD;rSa&mufaom t&d,moCFmwdkUtm;
y&du©&m&Spfyg;ESifhwuGcrnf;awmf r[mocF,mudk qGrf;rjywfvkyfauR;&onf/ r0wf&rpm;&txD;usef
aomolqif;&J;wdkUtm;vnf; t0wfykqdk;aMuqefrjywfpGefUMuJ;awmfrlonf/ ykPÖm;wdkUtm;vnf; aiGykqdk;
vªawmfrlonf/
 158 - wyifa½TxD;udkbGm;jrifonfhtaMumif;

w&Ha&mtcg rdk;BuD;xefpGm½Gm&mwGif uefawmfaygufí qnfawmfrlrnf[lí a0gESifhxGufawmfrl

&mwGif iEG,fukef olBuD;orD;onf tqif;t*Fg? vu©PmESifhjynfpkHonfudk jrifawmfrlvQif xdkoli,fr
a&S;ü jyKbl;aomukodkvfuHodkUa&mufí tvGefwdrf;rufawmfrlí onfoli,fronf tb,folorD;
enf;[kar;aomf uRefawmfriEG,fukeforD;[kavQmufvQif ,lí eef;wifav\/ w&Ha&mtcg rif;BuD;udk
,yfcyfíae&mwGifajcawmfbufí tdyfaysmfpOf vefUíusnfusnfusmusm[pf\/ rif;BuD;vnf;vefUí
Edk;awmfrlvQiftb,fenf;[líar;awmfrl\/ oli,frvnf; aumif;uifu aerif;onfqif;vSmí
uRefawmfr0rf;cGJ;í 0ifrufaomaMumifh vefUí[pfa,mifonf[k em;awmfavQmuf\/ rif;BuD;vnf;
eifhwGif y#doaE¨aevSmoolonf aeuJhodkUbkef;BuD;rnf/ a,mufsm;bGm;vQif igrdbk&m;ajr§mufawmfrl
rnf[líqdk\/ aeUvaphí ouú&mZf(878)&Spf&mhckESpfq,fh&Spfck uqkefvjynfhausmf 1&uf 4-[l;aeUn
av;csufwD;ausmfwGif om;awmf wyifa½TxD;udkbGm;onf/ bGm;aomtcg rdk;BuD;onf;pGm½Gmí rdk;oD;
a&SmufvkH;cefUonf;pGmus\/ awmawmifNrdKU½GmwdkUvnf; rD;vQHuJhodkUawmufonf/ rif;BuD; q&mawmf
vnf; ,aeUwdwfedrdwfBuD;onf w&m;rif;jrwfrSm wpkHwckaomtaMumif;&dSrnf[lí rdk;aomufvQif
eef;awmfodkU 0ifawmfrl\/ rif;BuD;vnf; om;awmfbGm;aMumif;udkMum;av\/ q&mawmfvnf;
trnfay;avNyDavm[lí ar;awmfrl\/ wyifa½TxD;orkwfayonf[líavQmuf\/ q&mawmfvnf;
rif;qufjywfcJhNyD[lí rdefUawmfrl\/
om;awmf wyifa½TxD;udk rsufESmjrifvQif r,fawmfudk &mZa'0D[laomtrnfESifh rdbk&m;ajr§muf
awmfrl\/
owdk;"r®&mZm orD;awmf rif;vSxGwfudk a½Teef;&Sif e&ywday;írdbk&m;ajr§muf&mwGif om;
awmf orD;awmfjrifonf[lí pmayrawGU/ 0wDbk&m;wGifvnf; om;awmforD;awmfjrifonf[lí pmay
rawGU/
rdk;jAJ;pm;orD;cifEG,fudk eef;wif&mwGif qifjzLocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;rdbk&m; cifBuD;udk jrif
onf/
om;awmf wyifa½TxD;udk rsufESmjrifvQif rif;aygif rif;vuf rif;aqGrif;rsdK;wdkUudk trtpay;
awmfrlrnf[lí a½G;cs,fawmfrlonfum;- awmifcrif;BuD;om;awmf rif;BuD;aqGwyg; ç Muuf½dk;yifrif;
BuD;om;awmf &SifeDwmwyg; ç &SifoD[wyg; ç ywåjrm;wyg; ç &Sifewfawmfwyg; ç rdef;rrSm jyaumif;
uawmfwyg; ç &efppfatmifwyg; ç a,mufsm; ig; ç rdefr2- aygif;7yg;rpawmfrl&onf/
ouú&mZf(884)&Spf&mh&Spfq,fhav;ck waygif;vuG,faeU awmifwGif;ESifh&rnf;oif;udkatmifjrif
awmfrlí qifjrif;okHUyef;trsm;&awmfrl\/ &Srf;wdkUudkvnf; trsm;,lawmfrlcJh\/
ouú&mZf(885)&Spf&mh&Spfq,fhig;ckwGif yif;ESifh ewfarmufudk,lawmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(886)&Spf&mh&Spfq,fhajcmufckwGif waygif;vuG,f tbdwfpaeaeU rdk;ñSif;pHvkHwdkuf
í t0a½S;OD;pGmysufonf/ t0ysufaMumif;udkMum;awmfrlvQif t0NrdKU½Tm awmifbufrsm;udk,lawmfrl
rnf[lí qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh csDawmfrlívkvifuGrf;pdkufwGif t&yftaejyKawmfrlBudKuf a½Teef;&Sif
e&ywduRefawmftjrifhrif; ç anmif&rf;rif; ç &rnf;oif;rif; ç 0wDrif; ç yifv,frif; ç yif;,rif; &Srf;
ydkufawmifrif;wdkU0ifvSmí axmufMuHUwdkifwGif rif;rsm;ESifh tawGUcHawmfrl\/ 0ifvSmool taygif;
um; wdkufqif 20 ç rif; 600 ç ta>ct&Ha,mufsm;rdef;r waomif;ausmfudk,lí uRefawmfcHvSm\/
 r[moD&daZ,sol&vnf; auwkrwDudkwnfawmfrlpu wHcg;jytdk;wdkif; ysm;BuD;rsm;pGmpGJ;vSm
onfudk bwfawmfrlonfum; auwkrwDodkUcsnf; av;rsufESmt&yfrSvltaygif;wdkU ½kH;pk0ifvSmrnf/ ig
bufawmfrlonftwdkif;rSefonf[lí rdefUawmfrlav\/ ,if;urS oif;MuD; rdw¦dvmudkvkyfMuHawmfrlí
oHkUyef;,lawmfrl\/ ,if;awmfNrdKUudk&HawmfrlpOf a½Teef;&Sife&ywd t0a½Teef;awmfudk &jyefí a½Teef;&Sif
e&ywdESifh tkef;aygifapmfbGm; qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifhcsDvSmí ,if;awmfucGgcJh&av\/ &awmfrlonfh
okHUyef;udkvnf; ,líjyefawmfrl\/ bk&ife&ywdESifhtkef;aygif apmfbGm;twlcsDvSmí auwkrwDodkU
a&mufvQif NrdKUajrmufqifusHK;u wyfcsíaeawmfrl\/ ,if;urS NrdKU udktBudrfBudrfvkyfMuHonfr&Edkifí
jyefawmfrlav\/
ouú&mZf(888) &Spf&mh&Spfq,fh&SpfckESpf t0ysufvQif &Sifbk&ife&ywdvnf; &Srf;ppfwGifqkH;acs
\/ &Sifbk&ife&ywdqkH;í t0aemufysufaomouú&mZfum;(888)&Spf&mh&Spfq,fh&Spfck twmaeUyifqkH;o
wnf;/ bk&ife&ywdqkH;vQif awmifilodkUa&mufvSmonfum;-yifv,frif; ç tif;cef;rif; ç jrpfomrif; ç
vdIif;wufrif;wdkUonfh NrdKUol½Gmom;wdkUESifhwuGuRefawmfcHvSm\/
xdkouú&mZfwGif tvkH;t&if; qifjrif;trsm;ESifhwvdkif;jynfaus;pyfodkUMunf;aMumif; jymodkv
wBudrfcsDívkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ qifjrif; okHUyef;trsm;&awmfrl\/ jyefawmfrlvQift0awmifwvTm;NrdKUjy
udkvnf;zsuf&\/ uefacsmif;qnfajrmif;&dSwdkif;udkvnf; tvkH;t&if;cefUízsufqD;&\/ awmifilESifh
ppfa0;pdrfhrnf[lízsufqD;&onf/ xkdtcg rdk;ñSif;om;&Srf;wdkUudk tjynfjynfaxmifom;wdkUonfcefUnm;
½GHU&Smacsonf/
 159 - rif;BuD;ndKewf½GmpHjcif;

r[moD&daZ,sol&um;- bkef;vuf½kH;tmPmESifhjynfhpkHawmfrl\/ rif;BuD;xdyfawmfwGif a&muf

aomqHwacsmif;onf csnfwzsm;cefU&dSaom[l\? rif;BuD;um;-av;t&m ç cRef;t&m wwfawmfrl\/
pm;rIpm;&mtaxGt&mudkwwf\/ rif;rª;pdk;rwfrif;aqGpdk;rsdK;odkU¤if;/ rdef;rtoufBuD;tdrfaxmifrJh odkU
¤if;/ &[ef;bkef;BuD;odkU¤if;/ aeUwdkif;pm;&mtaxGtjym;rsm;udk rif;EIwfawmfpD&ifí yGJ;ESifhvlwa,muf
wbufxrf;ydkU&\/ xdkrif;um;-vkyf&nfMuH&nf&dS\/ jynfa&;xJ;&m aemifvmem*wfjrif\/ vuf½kH;
ynm&dS\/
rif;BuD;edrfhawmfrlvdkvQif NrdKUwGif;ü qifusHK;xm;awmfrl\/ NrdKUem;0ef;usif vufyHyifvnf; NrdKU
wGif;updkufbd\/ q&mawmf r[modef;Cdka&mufbkef;awmfBuD;vnf; roifhrtyf[lí jrpfawmfrlaomf
vnf;rEdkif/ qifusHK;udkwnfawmfrlav\/ qifusHK;üvnf; vufyHyifpkdufav\/ xdkqifusHK;wGif tdrf
awmfaqmufíaeav\/ odkUaeawmfrlí okH;vcefU&dSvQif ouú&mZf(892)&Spf&mhudk;q,fhESpfckewfawmf
vqef; 5-&uf 5-aw;aeU nOfholi,ftdrfqdyfwGif tdrfedrfh 26/ rif;pnf;pdrf 46/ oufawmf (72)wGif
tedpaö &mufawmfrl\/ eHawmf 4-[l;om;wnf;/ tedpöa&mufawmfrlvdkaom Mumoyaw; ç pae ç
Ak'¨[l; oD[&mZmoGm;\/
jyKawmfrlaomaumif;rIawmfum;-awmifilNrdKUBuD;tv,fü pnf;ckHBuD;ESifhausmif;awmf/auwkrwD
ta&SUajrmufaxmifh NrdKUxdyfübk&m;apwDESifhausmif;awmf/ auwkrwDNrdKUta&SUbufawmifaxmifhü vnf;
bk&m;apwDESifh auwkrwDoCF&mZmausmif;awmf[k wnfawmfrl\/ 'Gg&m0wDNrdKUawmifü q&m
awmft&Sifr[modef;Cdka&mufbkef;BuD;udk ausmif;aqmufí qGrf;edpöywfvªawmfrl\/ q&mawmfausmif;
wGifvnf; odrfawmfüaMu;udkudk,fav;awmfoGef;íxm;awmfrl\/ 0guRwfvQif ykqdk;[lorQudkvnf;
uxdefouFef;o'¨gawmfrl&m yk*d¾KvfwdkUudk ypfawmfrl\/ NrdKUawmifNrdKUtaemufüvnf; uefwl;apNyD;vQif
qnf;íxm;\/ O,smOfjzpfaumif;&m&m O,smOfjzpfap\/
 160 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;eef;wufjcif;taMumif;

vGefawmfrlaom ouú&mZf(892)&Spf&mudk;q,fhESpfck ewfawmfvqef; 5-&uf 5-aw;aeUnOfh

wcsufwD;ausmfwGif om;awmfrif;w&m;a½TxD;eef;wufawmfrlonf/ txGwftjrwfodkUa&mufawmfrl
vQif rif;BuD;aqGudk crnf;awmft&if;uJhodkU t½dktaotav;tjrwfjyKawmfrlonfjzpfí rif;&J;odcFol[l
aomtrnfESifh a½TcsufuGrf;cGufvbuftdk;waumif; bkH;ay;awmfrlonf/
txdef;awmf &SifeDwmudkvnf; owdk;"r®&mZm[laomtrnfESifh a½TcsufuGrf;cGufvbuftdk;
waumif;bkH;ay;awmfrlonf/
txdef;awmif&SifoD[udkvnf; pnfolausmfxif[laomtrnfESifh a½Tusyfvbuftdk; waumif;
bkH;ay;awmfrlonf/
txdef;awmf&Sifewfawmfudkvnf; b,eHol[laomtrnfESifh a½Tusyfvbuftdk;waumif;bkH;
qkay;awmfrlonf/
txdef;awmfywåjrm;udkrlum; pmayrawGU/
rif;&J;odcFolom;awmf rif;&JxGwfudkvnf; ausmfxifaemf&xm[laomtrnfESifh a½Tusyfjrif;rdk
vbuftdk;ausmufw&pfpDqkay;awmfrlonf? aemufvnf; ESrawmfrif;orD;cifBuD;ESifh pkHbufawmfrl
onf/
xdkrSwyg; rif;aqGrif;rsdK;rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUudkvnf; t&nftoGm;tavsmuf trnf
t&nftaqmifta,mif pm;aus;pm;vufay;awmfrlonf/
 161 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;em;xGif;awmfrlykHtaMumif;

rif;w&m;a½TxD;eef;wufawmfrlí ESpfouú&mZf(894)&Spf&mhudk;q,fhav;ckwGif oufawmf 17-

ESpfodkUa&mufNyDjzpfí em;xGif;awmfrloihfaMumif;udk aoQmifawmfxkH;oifhaMumif;udk rª;BuD;rwfBuD;wdkU
avQmufMuaomf ig[Hom0wDa½Tarmfa"mbk&m;rSm em;xGif;awmfrlrnf [lírdefUawmfrl\/ rª;awmfrwf
awmfwdkUvnf; [Hom0wDonf &efolwdkUNrdKUjzpfonf/ a½Tarma"mbk&m;rSm em;xGif;awmfrlrnf trdefU
awmf&dSonfrSm roifhacs[líavQmufMuonfudk ighudk0hHrnfavm[k rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif ]]owå½kaZ,s}}[l
aomjrif;awmfudk ywåjrm;uESihfpD;awmfrlí trwfav;usdyf jrif;&Hig;&mESifh [Hom0wDodkUcsDawmfrlonf/
a&mufawmfrlvQif jrif;ig;&mudk bk&m;udk0ef;&HíaeapNyD;vQif wufawmfrlí ylaZmfNyD;rS OaoQmifxkH;íem;
xGif;awmfrlonf/ wvdkif;rif;ok&Sifwum½Gyfydvnf; rif;w&m;a½TxD; a½Tarmfa"mbk&m;odkU tzl;tjrif
vmonf[líMum;vQif ,ckyifrif;w&m;a½TxD;udk brf;av[lí trdefUawmf&dSaomaMumifh txdef;awmf
Anm;avm Anm;usef;wdkUonf tvkH;t&if;qifjrif;trsm;ESifh a½Tarmfa"mbk&m;udk 0ef;&Honf/ xdk
taMumif;udk trª;trwfwdkUodí avQmufMuaomf rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; em;udkom wnfhatmifxGif;
wvdkif;wdkUudkigwdkufawmfrlrnf[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/ em;xGif;íNyD;vQif jrif;awmf owå½kaZ,sodkU
wufawmfrlí igrif;w&m;a½TxD;eifwdkU0Hhrnfavm[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif jrif;awmfudk tukefvTwfí
jrif;&Hig;&mESifhwuG xGufawmfrlonf/ bkef;BuD;aomrif;jzpfí wvdkif;wdkUwa,mufrQ rxGuf0Hhukef/
tHhMoí omaeMuukef\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; okH;nOfhav;&ufESifh auwkrwDodkUa&mufawmfrlonf/
rif;w&m;a½TxD;taMumif;awmfum;-wvdkif;rif;"r®apwDonf om;awmftdrfa&SUrif; rif;&J;
ausmfpGmwGif tjypfr&dSbJvsuf olukef;jyKíavQmufonfUpum;udk ,lawmfrlí uGyfrsufawmfrlavonf/
uGyfrsufaomtcg rif;&J;ausmfpGmqkawmif;onfum; ]]ighwGif tjypfr&dSbJ;udk olpum;udkemí ,ckight
oufukefjcif;odkUa&muf&awmhrnf/ tjypfr&dSonfrSefygvQif þb0rSpkawaomf jrefrmrif;wdkU\
0rf;ü0ifí t½G,fodkUa&mufvQif wvdkif;okH;&yf EdSyfeif;ñSif;qJ;ítpdk;&onfjzpfapaom}}[k qkawmif;
NyD;rS qif,if 0wfpm;orQ wef;qmwdkUudk a½Tarmfa"mbk&m;udkylaZmfavonf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;udk
y#doaE¨wnfaernf aomtcgvnf; "r®apwDrif;om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfpGmjzpfvSmonf[lí tdyfrufay;
aom[l\/
ouú&mZf (896) &Spf&mhudk;q,fhajcmufckwGif rif;aqGpdk;rsdK;olaumif;om;wdkUudk jrif;&nfwuf
28-bGJUawmfrlonf/
 162 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;[Hom0wDodkUcsDykH

xdkouú&mZf(896)&Spf&mhudk;q,fhajcmufckwGifyif wdkufqifav;q,f ç jrif;&Spf&m ç ppfonf

ol&J;av;aomif;ESifh ausmfxifaemf&xmudk a&SUwyfcefUawmfrlí [Hom0wDodkU csDawmfrlonf/
[Hom0wDrif;pOf tusOf;um; - orvukrm& trnf&dSaomrif;onf &mrnwdkif;jzpfaom
[Hom0wD 32NrdKUudkwnfaxmifpjyKonf/ orvukrm&rif;rSpí wdórif;wdkifatmif 17-qufwGif
rif;qufjywfí ed*kH;jzpfavonf/ ouú&mZf(731)ckESpf&mokH;q,fhwpfckwGif rkwåru qifjzL&SifAnm;OD;
wnfaxmifpjyKawmfrljyefonf/ Anm;OD;pnf;pdrf 14/ om;awmf&mZm"d&mZfpnf;pdrf 40/ om;awmf
Anm;"r®&mZmpnf;pdrf 3-ESpf/ nDawmf Anm;&efcdkufpnf;pdrf 20/ wlawmfAnm;z½l;pnf;pdrf4-ESpf
nDawmf Anm;usef; pnf;pdrf 3-ESpf/ vdyfrGwfaxmpnf;pdrf 1-ESpf/ &Sifapmykpnf;pdrf 17-ESpf/
"r®apwDpnf;pdrf 21/ om;awmf Anm;&efpnf;pdrf 34/ ouú&mZf(888) &Spf&mh&Spfq,fh&SpfckwGif
tedpaö &mufawmfrlí om;awmfok&Sifwum½Gyfydrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ rif;jzpfawmfrlí 8-ESpf /
ouú&mZf(896)&Spf&mhudk;q,hf ajcmufckwGifaZ,sm0¹kwdkif; auwkrwDjynfBuD;udktpkd;&awmfrlaom
rif;w&m;a½TxD;,if;aomtcgoufawmf 19-ESpfwGifcsDawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wDodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif
qifNrdKUwGifwyfcsítBudrfBudrfvkyf MuHawmfrlonf/ ok½Sifwum½Gyfydtxdef;awmf Anm;avm/ tcsDawmf
Anm;usef;wdkUtpDtrHcdkifcefUvSaomaMumifhr&acs/ ta&;udk arQmfwif;axmuf½Iaomfvnf; vsifvsif
aqmaqm &rnftaMumif;r&dSacs 7-&ufom aeawmfrlí auwkrwDodkUjyefawmfrlonf/
 163 - 'kwd,tBudrf[Hom0wDodkUcsDykH

ouú&mZf(897)&Spf&mhudk;q,fhckESpfckwGif wdkufqifajcmufq,f ç jrif;&Spf&m ç ppfonfol&J;

ajcmufaomif; ç pD&ifawmfrlí [Hom0wDodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif [Hom0wDajrmufusyfu
wdk; [laomt&yfwGifwyfcsíaeawmfrlonf/ qifyg ç jrif;ygNrdKUudktBudrfBudrfvkyfMuHawmfrlonf/
ukvm;yef;ao;wdkU pdefajymif;jrwylESifh NrdKUxdyfuaeí vTwfavonf/ txdtyg;toQtersm;í
rwufEdkifacs/ okH;vcefU&dSvQif rdk;avusawmhrnfeD;onfESifh auwkrwDodkUjyefawmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg [Hom0wDwGif edrdwfay:onfum;- aumif;uifuMu,fwdkUvnf; rdk;½GmouJhodkU
7-&ufwdkifwdkifusvwfí ajrodkUa&mufvQifaysmufavonf/ xkdrSwyg; tpkwftaMuwGif ig;BuD;wck
wifí½dSvmonf/ txktawmif 50ausmf ç tvsm;tawmif 400 ausmf&dSaom[l\/ tdrfjyHK;awmiftvdk
vdkNydKí ukef; ç awmifbdkUwdkUonfvnf;t&mrSa½GUukef\/ ajrBuD;wdkUonfvnf; uGJ;tufukef\/ usD;
wckwnf;onfvnf; rif;\Ouifo&mZyv’ifü usD;wumtkHoJ;íaeonfudk xdkusD;udkaMumhí&vQif a½T
armfa"mbk&m;rSmvTwf&avonf/ xdkrSwyg;vnf; Zdrvedrdwfausmufwdkifvnf;tvdkrJhvnf;av\/
jrpfa&vnf; 'Dwdkifatmif wjrpfvkH;aemuf\/ onfjyifvnf; rsm;aomedrdwfwdkUonf xifukef\/
 164 - wwd,tBudrf [Hom0wDodkUcsDwufwdkufcdkufykH

ouú&mZf(899)&Spf&mhudk;q,hfudk;ckwGif rif;w&m;a½TxD;wdkufqifESpf&m ç jrif;&Spf&m ç ppfonf

ol&J; 7-aomif;ESifh ausmfxifaemf&xmudka&SUwyf ç owdk;"r®&mZmudkaemufwyfcefUawmfrlí [Hom0wD
odkU 7-wyfcsDawmfrlonf/ rif;&J;odcFoludk NrdKUapmifhcefUawmfrlonf/ aumvd,odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif
wvdkif;ok&Sifwum½Gyfydu cHvSmonf/ wyfESifhjrif;wyfcsif;awGUí wdkufMuaomfwvdkif;wdkUwyfysufí
trwfBuD;ordef;z½l;ESifhwuG qifjrif;okHUyef;trsm;&awmfrl\/ ,if;urS [Hom0wDwdkifatmif xyfí
vdkufawmfrlonf/ weufckHwGif t&yftaejyKí [Hom0wDudk vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ NrdKUpD;jypD;xlxyfvS
onfESifh pdefajymif;tajrmufjrwyl xlxyfvSaomaMumifhrwufEdkifacs/ ,if;odkUrS [Hom0wDtaemuf
wvTm;udk csDawmfrlí w*kHwGifwyfcsíaeawmfrlvQif rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUtpkpkcGJ;í ykodef ç ajrmif;jr ç
o½kdif; o&m ç cJ;aygif ç a'yoG,f onfNrdKUrsm;udk vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ qifjrif;okHYyef;trsm;
&awmfrlonf/ ,if;urS [Hom0wDodkUcsDawmfrljyefí NrdKUudktBudrftbefrsm;pGmvkyfMuHawmfrljyefonf/
txdef;awmf Anm;avm/ tcsDawmfAnm;usef;wdkUtpDtrH vkyf&nfMuH&nfcdkifcefUvSaomaMumifh r&acs/
rdk;usvQif jyefawmfrlonf/
 165 ok&Sifwum½Gyfydu- rif;w&m;a½TxD;xHoHapykH

ouú&mZf(899)&Spf&mhudk;q,fhudk;ckwGif wvdkif;rif;ok&Sifwum½Gyfydu rif;w&m;a½TxD;odkUoHap

ía&mufvSmonf/ Anm;avm Anm;usef;wdkUuvnf; rif;&J;ocFol/ owdk;"r®&mZmokdU oHbufvdkuf
onf/
&mZoHwGifrSmawmfrlonfum;-
]]&mrnwdkif; [Hom0wD jynfBuD;udk tpdk;&aom rPdol&y0&"r®&mZm Mum;vdkuftyfaom
aZ,sm0¹kewdkif;auwkrwDjynfBuD;udk tpdk;&awmfrlaom nDawmfrif;w&m; ... &mrnwdkif;ESifh
aZ,sm0¹kewdkif;onf ab;avmif;awmf bdk;avmif;awmfwdkUvufxufa&0,fom;awmf tjcm;
rjrifouJhodkU rD;raoa&raemufjzpfavonf/ ,ckvnf; a&S;uJhodkUESpfjynfaxmifrif;ESpfyg; a½T
wjym;wnf;uJhodkUjzpfrSwdkif;um;EdkifiHüaeukefaom cyfodrf;aomowå0gtaygif;wdkUonf csrf;
omjcif;odkUa&mufMuí y&d,wådy#dywåd omoemawmftpOf&SnfpGmwnfrnf[lía&TaywGif a&;í
rSmawmfrlonf}}/
vufaqmifawmfrSmvnf; txl;xl;aomtxnfrsdK; tkyfrsdK;wdkUudk yg;vdkufonf/ oHwdkUa&mufvQif oifh
wifhaomt&yfwGifaeapNyD;rS ac:awmfrlí &mZoHwGifygonfhpmudkMum;awmfrlvQif rnfodkUrQrdefUawmf
rrl/ oHwdkUudkuGrf;w,mnufcefUaeapNyD;vQif vTwfawmfrlí 0if;jyifodkUa&mufrS Anm;avm Anm;
usef;wdkUoHudkac:awmfrlí OD;&D;awmfAnm;avm Anm;usef;wdkUudk onfyef;wdkUudkay;ygav[lí
]]a½TopömyGifhESpfyGifhudkay;vdkuf\}}/ ok&Sifw&m½GyfydoHvnf; oHwJ;odkUa&mufESifhavonf/ aemufrSAnm;
avm Anm;usef;oHwdkUa&mufvSmí yodkUtrdefUawmf&dSoenf;[lí ar;aomfrnfodkUrQtrdefUawmfr&dS/
a½Topömyef;ESpfyGifhudkom OD;&D;awmfESpfyg;udkay;ygav[líajym\/ ok&Sifwum½GyfydoHvnf;r[kwf&m[l
ír,kHrMunfqdkbd\/ oHwdkU roGm;rjcif;vnf; Anm;avm Anm;usef;wdkUoHudkomac:í rjywfauR;
arG;awmfrl\/ oHwdkUudkvTwfawmfrlí [Hom0wDodkUa&mufvQif auwkrwDrSmtaMumif;rsdK;udk aphpkHpGm
avQmuf\/ wvdkifrif;ok&Sifwum½Gyfydvnf; txdef;awmftcsDawmfwdkUudk r,kHrMunf&dSawmfrl\/
rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; þodkUMuHawmfrl\/ MuH[efum;-a½TaywGifpma&;í Anm;avm ç Anm;
usef;wdkUodkUydkU&onft[efpD&ifawmfrl\/
pmwGifygonfum;-aZ,sm0¹kwdkif; auwkrwDjynfBuD;udktpdk;&aom wlawmfrif;w&m;Mum;
vdkufonf OD;&D;awmfESpfyg; OD;&D;awmfwdkUrSm pmwGifta&;NyD;vQif OD;&D;awmfAnm;avmrSm [Hom0wDNrdKU
udkpm;rnf/ OD;&D;awmf Anm;usef;rSm rkwårNrdKUudkpm;ygrnfrSmonfhtwdkif; ta&;awmfNyD;vQif olaumif;
jyK&rnfjzpfonf/
ightrIawmfudkom BudK;pm;tm;xkwfyg[lí a&;apNyD;vQif ouúvyftkyfwGif wHqdyfvufsmESifh
oGwfNyD;rS ylwmwGifxnfhonf/ pmay:wGifrS uwDåyg ç armfa,mf ç rdIif;vkH; ç a½Tzsiftrsm;oGwfí vl
armifhvlrmESpfa,mufudk oHtBuD;cefUawmfrlí vlokH;usdyfausmfESifhoGm;&av\/ oHwdkUudkrSmawmfrlonf
um; - [Hom0wDaus;odkUa&mufvQif 0ifp,fydkUapESpfpcef; okH;pcef;a&mufvQif ½Gmw½GmwGif½Gmom;
wdkUESifh tcsif; wrsm;&dSatmifcsnfaESmifí tydkiftEdkifjyKusifhav/ ,if;odkUvQif ½Gmom;wdkUrcHEdkifí
vufajcxlvrnf/ ,if;odkUvufajcxlrS 0efyl0efwmudk ypfcJhíudk,fudkom tvGwfajy;cJh[k rSmawmfrl\/
oHwdkUvnf; wvdkif;aus;odkUa&mufvQif rSmawmfwdkif; xrif;[if;t&ufaopmenf;onf[lí
½GmolBuD;wdkUudk csnfaESmifwkwfqGJ;íawmif;av\/ ½Gmom;wdkUvnf;rcHEdkifí vk,uf&mwGif taxG;
axG;owfMuav\/ oHwdkUvnf; ]]ylwmacgif,uf}}udkypfí tm;rwefíajy;cJhonft[efxGufívSmcJh
\/ ½Gmom;wdkUvnf; ypfcJhonfh ylwmacgif,ufudk,lí wvdkif;rif; ok&Sifwum½Gyfydudkqufav\/
rif;BuD;vnf;qufvSmonfh ylwmacgif,ufwGif ygonfudkMunfh½Iawmfrlaomf ouúvyftdyfwGifpmudk
awGUav\/ zwfap&mwGif ygorQudkMum;awmfrlvQif ynmawmfjzifhaxmuf½Iawmfrrl/ txufu,kH
Munf&if;r&dSonfESifh txdef;awmf Anm;avm ç tcsDawmf Anm;usef;wdkUudk eef;wGif;odkUac:íowf
av\/
onftrwfBuD;ESpfa,mufr&dSvQif [Hom0wD tm;avsmhacs\/ ok&Sifwum½Gyfydvnf; usyfarmf
NrdKUudktopfvkyfíaeawmf&dS\/
 166 - pwkw¦tBudrf[Hom0wDodkUrif;w&m;a½TxD;csDwufodrf;jcif;taMumif;

Anm;avm ç Anm;usef;wdkUr&dSNyD[lí Mum;awmfrlvQif rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUudk ac:awmfrlí

wkdifyifawmfrlonfudk a,mufbawmfausmfxifaemf&xmavQmufonf/ [Hom0wDwvdkif;jynf0,fa&S;
rjzpfbl;avaomwdwfedrdwfwdkUonf xif&Sm;pGmjzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; Anm;avm ç Anm;usef;wdkUudkuGyf
rsufavaomaMumifh [Hom0wDtm;avsmhavNyD;onf/ bkef;BuD;onft&Sif qifvkH;jrif;&if;pD&ifawmfrlí
csDawmfrlvQif wvdkif;rif;[Hom0wDwGif cH0hHrnfr[kwf ,if;odkUvQif [Hom0wDNrdKUudk "m;rudsK; vSHrudsK;
&awmfrlrnf/ [Hom0wD 32NrdKUudk&awmfrlvQif rkwår 32 NrdKU? ykodef32NrdKUwdkUonf vufeufEdkifiHawmf
csnf;jzpf&vdrfhrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf;a,mufbawmfausmfxifaemf&xm
avQmufonfta&;udk BudKufawmfrlí wk&if&mZm ç wk&ifAv ç ppfwk&*Fol wk&ifa,mf"mwdkU jrif;av;
wyfa&SUcsD&onf/ ,if;urS wyfrawmfESifhwuGudk;wyfcsDawmfrlonf/ aygif; 13-wyfwGif ygonf wdkuf
qif w&mhESpfq,f ç jrif;&Spf&m ç ppfonfol&J; 7-aomif;ygonf/
avSwyfrSmwdkufavSESpf&mausmfudk tajrmufBuD; jrwylESifh &du©mqef a&wifí rif;r[mb,
ausmfoludk ppfol&J;waomif;ESifh a&aMumif;csD&onf/ ouf&SnfausmfxifESifhocF,mudkjrdKUapmifhcefUawmf
rlcJhonf/
auwkrwDucsDawmfrlí okH;pcef;a&mufvQif wvdkifrif;ok&Sifwum½Gyfydvnf; [Hom0wDwGif
cHaomfvnf; rcHEdkif&mtrSwf&dSíAnm;'v ç tJ;jAoD ç &J;oifh&H ç ydkufujrif;wdkUig;wyfudk wdkufqif
ESpf&m ç jrif;&Spf&m ç ppfonfol&J;&Spfaomif;ESifh ukef;aMumif;csD&onf/
wvdkif;rif;ok&Sifwum½GyfydrSm a&aMumif;abmifawmfpD;í tJ;rGefw&m ç ordefpnfol ç ordef
oHus,f ç ydkuf&eJ; ç nDuHaumif; ç tJ;&eJ; onfajcmufwyfwGifygonf Zvmuyif;avSmfum; oHavS
700ausmf ppfonfol&J;av;aomif;ESifh a,mufbawmfjynfbk&ife&ywdodkUaygif;rnf[lí [Hom0wDu
oa&acwå&modkUqefawmfrlonf/
rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; ok&Sifwum½GyfydjynfodkU qefavNyD Mum;vQif [Hom0wDodkUtvsifcsDí
NrdKUudk&awmfrlvQif rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí jynfodkUcsDívkyfMuH&aomfvnf; oifhrnf
avmh/ rkwårodkUcsDívkyfMuHaomfvnf; oifhrnfavm[líwdkifyifawmfrlonfudktxdef;awmf owdk;"r®
&mZmavQmufonf/ bkef;awmfaMumifh [Hom0wDjynfBuD;udk "m;rusdK;vSHrusdK;tvdkawmfjynfhavNyD;onf
NrdKUjyudkomcdkifvkHatmifpD&ifawmfrlí NrdKUpGef½Gmem;wGif&dSaom vlolwdkUudk½kH;pkí rsdK;&du©mudkvnf; NrdKUwGif;
odkUoGif;íxm;rnf/ ,if;odkUrS olvmvQifvnf;wdkufrnf/ olrvmvQifvnf; wESpfw0gudk qifjrif;
Adkvfygudk tm;jznfhwif;í a&SUrdk;pJ;avomudk rkwårodkUcsDívkyfMuHrnf/ rkwårudk&awmfrlvQif rkwår
tm;ESifh jynfokdUcsDí vkyfMuHonfjzpfrS ta&;awmftvsifNyD;vG,frnfem;awmfavQmufonf/
owdk;"r®&mZm avQmufaompum;udk ausmfxifaemf&xmMum;awmfrlvQif þodkUem;awmfavQmuf
jyefonf/ rif;BuD;avQmufaom ta&;onfppfa&;yifjzpfawmhonf/ odkU&mwGif wvdkif;rif;ok&Sifwum
½Gyfydonf rdrdNrdKUwGifrQrcH0Hhíajy;avNyDonf/ jynfNrdKUESifhaygif;ícHaomfvnf;tvkH;t&if;rsm;vdrfhrnf/
vkyf&nfMuH&nft&J;tpGrf;uREkfyfwdkUudkrwef ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh jynfNrdKUwdkifatmif prf;csDcsDawmfrl
oifhao;onf/ omvQifvnf;omavQmuf½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyfMuHrnf/ txufapmfbGm;wdkUulnDí romvQif
vnf;tvsifjyefí rkwårudkvkyfBuHrnf/,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifhbkef;BuD;onft&SifrSma&aMumif;csDawmfrl
odkU&mwGif wvdkif;wdkUonfOyg,fwrnf y&d,m,fa00kpfrsm;vSonf a&wyfMunf;wyfudk ruGmcsD&rnf/
uREfkyfwdkUrSmvnf; Munf;wyfokH;wyfpD&ifíAnm;'v rif;&J;atmifEdkifwdkU wyfudk trSDvdkufrnf[lí
em;awmfavQmufonf/
 168 - aemif½dk;wyfudkausmfxifaemf&xmwdkufykH

ausmfxifaemf&xmwdkUcsDawmfrlí aemif½dk;odkUa&mufvQif ok&Sifwum½Gyfydtrwf Anm;'v wdkU

aemif½dk;wGifwyfcsí aeonfukdawGUawmfrlvQif vlwa,mufudk opfyifxufodkUwufapí qifjrif;
AdkvfygwdkUudk&rf;a&mfapaomf wdkufqifESpf&mausmf ç jrif;&Spf&mausmf ç Akdvf&Spfaomif;cefU&dSrnf[lí
avQmufvQif abmyef;tvQifbGJUapíacsmif;udkqifjrif;AdkvfygwkdUudkul;&\/ wbufodkUa&mufvQif
trIxrf;wdkUudk pdwfESpfcGr&dSatmif abmifudkzsuf&\/ wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUvnf; uRefawmfwdkUrSm
qifjrif; Adkvfygenf;vSacsonf/ olwdkUrSm uRefawmfwdkUxufq,fqcefUrsm;avonf/ oludkatmifjrif
Edkifaomfaumif;\/ ratmifíqkwfcJhaomf abmifyef;r&dSurcufacsNyDavm[k avQmuf\/ ausmfxif
aemf&xmvnf; bkef;awmfaMumifhatmifjrifvdrfhrnfudkrpdk;&drfESifh[lírdefUawmfrlonf/ ,if;okdUpOfwGif
rif;w&m;a½TxD;u olUvludkawGUvQif rwdkufESifhiga&mufrS wdkufawmfrlrnf[lí wk&if&mZmudk jrif;
q,fpD;Esifhapawmfrlía&mufvSm\/ ausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; bkef;awmfaMumifh atmifjrifavNyD[lí
avQmufvdkuf\/ ,if;aomtcg ]]axmrdIif;&J;}}[laomtrwfavQmufonf/ uRefawmfwdkUolUudk ratmif
jrifacsao;/ olUudkatmifjrifawmfrlNyD avQmuf&mrSmt&yftaeroifhí ratmifjrifcJhaomf uREkfyfwdkU
tjypfawmfwifudk rcH&acsavm[líavQmuf\/ xdkpum;udkMum;awmfrlvQif onfppfudk igwdkU
atmifjrifvQifvnf;touf&Sifrnf/ ratmifjrifcJhvQifvnf; igwdkUao&rnf/ aoavNyD;onfudkvnf;
b,foltjypfawmfwifrnfenf;[k wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkpdwfESpfcGr&dSatmifrdefUawmfrl\/ ,if;okdUrS
]]axmrdIif;&J;}}ESifh qifpD; trwfq,fhig; ç jrif;ESpf&m ç ppfonfol&J;okH;axmifudkvufsmaMumif;cGJ;íwdkuf
[krdefUawmfrlonf/ b,oMuøESifhqifpD;trwfq,fhig; ç jrif;ESpf&m ç ppfonfol&J;okH;axmifudk
vuf0J;aMumif;0ifíwdkuf rdefUawmfrlonf/ ausmfxifaemf&xmrSm ]]pG,fvref}} [laomqifudk
pD;awmfrlíqifpD;trwfESpfq,f ç ppfonf ol&J;av;axmifESifh tv,faMumif;0ifíwdkufrnf[kpD&if
awmfrl\/ ,if;aomtcg rdefUawmfrlonfum; ppfwdkU\oabmonf tiftm;enf;onf rsm;onf[lí
rqdk&/ vkyf&nfMuH&nft&J;tpGrf;omt&if;jzpfonf/ waMumif;rSmvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;aus;Zl;
opömawmfESpfyg;udk OD;xdyf½Gufí onfyGJ;wGif tpfudkwdkUtoufudkpGefUí xrf;&rnf[k rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif
ppfokH;aMumif;jzefUícsDawmfrl\/
ok&Sifwum½Gyfydtrwf Anm;'vESifh rif;&J;atmifEdkifvnf;jrefrmwdkU ppftiftm;enf;onfudk
jrifvQif raMumufr½GHU ppfrsufESmjzefUíBudKvSm\/
,if;odkUpOfwGif ausmfxifaemf&xmpD;awmfrlaom pG,fvref[laomqifudk cRef;bGifhí vTwf
awmfrlonf/ wvdkif;wdkU qifykH ç jrif;ykHodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif Anm;'vpD;aomqifudkwdkufawmfrlav\/
Anm;'vvnf; qifuonf jrif;odkUqif;oufítvGwfcGgav\/ vuf0J;vusfmaMumif;csDonf/ qif
pD; trwfwdkUvnf; qifcRef;bGifhum vTwfMuonf/ wvdkif;wdkU av;pkuGJ;íysufav\/ rif;&J;atmifEdkif
vnf; qifOD;wGifyifqkH;av\/ &J;rufAdkvfygvnf; trsm;yif aoaysmufav\/ qifjrif; okHUyef;vnf;
trsm;&awmfrl\/
wvdkif;rif;ok&Sifwum½Gyfydvnf; aemif½dk;wGifcHíaeaomwyfysufvQif yef;rwD;wGifrae0Hhí
jynfbk&ife&ywdodkUaygif;rnf[k jynfodkUqefawmfrlav\/
t*FylodkUa&mufvQif t*Fyl&wGif qif ç jrif;Adkvfygxm;cJhí rdbk&m;om;awmf ç orD;awmfESifh
wuG jynfNrdKUokdUtzl;tjrifoGm;awmfrl\/ jynfbk&ife&ywdvnf; cifcifrifrifBudKqdkawmfrl\/ tnm
rSm apmfbGm;rsm;udkcsDyifh&avonf/ apmfbGm;rsm;vnf; a&tm; ç Munf;tm; ç tvkH;t&if;qifjrif;
AdkvfygESifha&mufvm\/ jynfodkUta&mufnDMuvQif jynfrif; ç t0rif; ç [Hom0wDrif;wdkU [Hom0wD
wdkifcsDí ok&Sifwum½Gyfydudk eef;wifrnfwdkifyifMuí a&wyf ç Munf;wyfpD&ifMu\/
rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; aemif½dk;wGif ppfatmifí waeUrSa&mufawmfrlvSmonf/ a&mufawmfrl
vQif ausmfxifaemf&xmudkac:awmfrlí ighudkriHhbJ;wdkufESifhonf/ ighyGJ;udkzsufonfavm[k rdefUawmf
rlonfudk ausmfxifaemf&xmavQmufonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;onfht&SifESifh rxdkufwef uREfkyfuRefwdkUESifh
xdkufwefonfyGJ;jzpfí vkyfMuH&OD;rnfvnf;rsm;ao;onfESifh wdkufayonf[kavQmufonf/ rif;w&m;
a½TxD;vnf; &onf qif ç jrif;Adkvfyg vufeufud&d,mwdkUudk qufvQif tm;&awmfrlí vufawmfESpf
bufwGif 0wfawmfrlaom vufpGyfywåjrm;vufaumufudkay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS bk&ifaemif
trnfudkcHtrdefUawmf&dSí cH&onf/ vdIifNrdKUudkvnf; uHauR;cH ay;awmfrlonf/ onfrSwyg; yGJ;vrf;&
olwdkUudkvnf;txdkuftavsmuf taqmifta,mifpm;vufay;awmfrlonf/
 169 - jynfNrdKUüavSwyfcsif;wdkuf,lykH

,if;okdUrS a&tm; ç Munf;tm;jynfodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ tifaysmuRef;odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif wyf

cdkifwyfvkHwnfí Munf;a&bufí aeawmfrlonf/ jynfbk&if ç t0bk&if ç [Hom0wDbk&ifwdkUvnf;
rif;w&m;a½TxD;csDvSmNyD[lí Mum;vQif ppfonfAdkvfyg½kH;pkí a&tm;Munf;tm; jynfNrdKUucHíaeMu
onf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; tifaysmuRef;odkUa&mufawmfrlí okH;&uf&dSvQif bk&ifaemifausmfxif
aemf&xmudk b,fodkUpD&if&aomf oifhrnfenf;[lí rdefUawmfrlonfudk bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm
avQmufonfum;-wdkufavSBuD;taygif;wdkUudk pdefajymif;jrwylBuD;rsm;udkwifapí tifaysmuRef; atmuf
jrpfem;ESpfbufwGif toifhaeapNyD;rS nOfhrdkufrdkufudk ppfa&;iifpdrfhrnf/ oluavSwyfxyfívdkufvQif
jrpfem;wbufwcsufaeapaom wdkufavSrsm;udk oluRefvmvQifxGufíwdkufpdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkUpD&if&
vQif olUvla&wyfysufvdrfhrnf[líem;awmfavQmuf\/ bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmavQmufaom t
a&;udkBudKufawmfrlí onftwdkif;pD&ifav/ igppfa&;iifawmfrlrnf[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/ bk&ifaemif
ausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; wdkufavSrsm;ukdtaetxm;oifhatmifpD&ifNyD;vQif taMumif;udkem;awmf
avQmuf\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; a½TavSmfum;ESpfpif;ESifh ykHarmif;eSJ;c&mwifínva&mif0dk;0if;udk
ykHarmif;rwD;apbJ; udk,fwdkifawmfjynfNrdKU&if;wdkifatmif qefawmfrlíjynfNrdKU&if;odkUa&mufrSm pnf
armif;ESJ;c&mudk wNydKifeufwD;íaMumfjim&\/ jynfuavSwyfom;wdkUvnf; rif;w&m;a½TxD;u avSwyf
rygonfudkjrifvQif taMumuft½GHUr&dS jrpfvkH;jynfhrQvdkufukef\/ ,if;aomtcg acgif;wnfívdkuf
aomavSum;-t0bk&ifuRef aemf&xm/ aygif;wnfpm;ysHcsD/ jynfbk&ifuRef yef;awmif;pm;/uRef;qkHpm;/
wvdkif;rif;uRef Anm;'v/ ydkufujrif;onf trwfajcmufOD;wdkUonftxl;xl;aom wdkufavSBuD;rsm;ESifh
acgif;wnfí avSawmfudktrDSvdkufonf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; raMumufr½GHUrcsnf;rcGgavSmfapí
ppfa&;iifawmfrlonf/ tifaysmuRef;odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif pD&ifxm;aomavStaygif;wdkU jynfuavS
wyftuRefudkxGufíwdkufonf/ jynfuavSwyfysufav\/ acgif;wnfívdkufaomavSBuD;ajcmufpif;
udkvnf;avSpD;trwfajcmufa,mufESifUwuG&awmfrl\/ wdkufavStpif;ESpf&m/ okHUyef;vlwvdkif; jrefrm
&Srf;ig;axmifausmf&awmfrl\/ aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/ avSuonfMunf;odkUwufíajy;aomolwdkU
vnf;Munf;wyfom;rsm;qD;qdkUívkyfMuHonf/ txdtyg;t&Stersm;av\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf;
a&wyfudkatmifjrifawmfrlNyD;vQif [Hom0wDrSmtaetxm;rusao;onfESifh tvsifjyefawmfrlonf/
wvdkif;rif; ok&Sifwum½Gyfydvnf; rif;w&m;a½TxD;jyefawmfrlavvQif jynftm; t0tm;ESifh
[Hom0wDwdkifatmifcsDí vkyfMuHrnf/ &vQifok&Sifwum½Gyfydudkeef;wifrnf[líwdkifyifMu\/
 170 - ok&Sifwum½Gyfydtedpöa&mufykH

wvdkif;rif;ok&Sifwum½Gyfydvnf; &J;rufAdkvfyg½kH;pkrnf[lí jynfNrdKUuonf t*Fyl&wyfodkU

jyefawmfrlonf/ a&mufvQif qifaumif;ay:onfMum;aomaMumifh qifaMumhrnf[lí wdkufqif(70)
ckESpfq,f/ Adkvf(1000)waxmifcefUESifh awmodkUoGm;í qifudkawGUaomf awmqifvnf;taMumhrcHwpD;
wnf;omxGufíajy;av\/ ok&Sifwum½Gyfydvnf; pD;awmfqifwpD;wnf;ESifhomvdkufonf r&acs/
odrf;awmodkUa&mufvQif a&iwfawmfrlí qifuoufítdkifwcküa&aomufawmfrl&mwGif udk,fwGif
t0wfr&dSaomewforD;wa,mufonf rif;udkvSnfhywfzsm;a,mif;íum,oHo*¾&dSNyD;vQif uG,fcJh\/
rif;BuD;vnf; xdwfvefUjcif;jyif;pGmjzpfí t*Fyl&wyfodkUjyefawmfrlonf/ xdknOfhüzsm;í tedpöa&muf
awmfrl\/ jynfbk&ife&ywdESifh t0bk&ifodk[efbGm;vnf; tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG t*Fyl&-wyfodkUoGm;í
oN*ØK[fawmfrlMuNyD;vQif ok&Sifwum½GyfydtarG qifjrif;vlolwdkUudk odrf;,lí jynfNrdKUodkUjyefawmfrlMu
onf/ a&mufvQif aumif;Edk;aom qifjrif;a½TaiGESifh ok&Sifwum½Gyfyd orD;awmfwyg; om;awmfESpfyg;
udkighwGifom;orD;r&dS orD;om;jyKygrnf[lí odk[efbGm;,lNyD;vQif t0odkUjyefawmfrl\/
jynfbk&ife&ywdvnf; aemufaemifrDS&rnfudk t&nf&dSí ESrawmf yJ;ul;rdbk&m;udk &cdkifodkUydkU
av\/ &cdkifbk&ifvnf; jynfbk&ifESrawmfudk rdbk&m;ajr§mufav\/ &cdkifodkUa&mufrSwefaqmif;
rdbk&m;[k wGifonf/ jynfbk&ife&ywdvnf; ouú&mZf(900)ukd;&mjynfhwGif 0rf;udktemay;í tedpö
a&mufawmfrlonf/ e&ywdtedpöa&mufvQif nDawmf&Sifo&ufonf rif;acgif[laomtrnfESifh r&D;awmf
oD&dbkef;xGwfudk rdbk&m;ajr§mufí oa&acwå&mjynfNrdKUudkrif;jyKawmfrlonf/
 171 - [Hom0wDNrdKUudk odrf;írGefokH;&yfudk taetxm;pDrHykHtaMumif;

wvdkif;rif; ok&Sifwum½Gyfyd tedpöa&mufawmfrlvQif wvdkif;trª;trwftaygif;wdkUvnf;

[Hom0wDodkUvSmí uRefawmfcHvSmukef\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; uRefawmfcHvSmorQ trª;trwfwdkUudk
r½Iwfrcs trnft&nf taqmifta,mifpm;aus; pm;vufay;awmfrlonf/ ol&J;olcufajconf
taygif;wdkUudk qefa&pyg; &du©mrsdK;apha½TaiGt0wfykqdk;t&nftoGm;tavsmuf qkay;awmfrlonf/
,if;odkUrS wvdkif;jynftaemufwvTm; ykodef 32-NrdKUudk taESmuft&Sufr&dS&atmif tvkH;t&if;eSifh
aus;pm;xnfhawmfrlíuif;&Snfuif;wdk xm;awmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(901)udk;&mhwpfckwGif [Hom0wDNrdKUudk NrdKUawmifudkqufía½Tarmfa"mbk&m;taemuf
udk ywfí NrdKUopfwnfawmfrlonf/ bk&ifaemfausmfxifaemf&xmudkvnf; jynftvkH;udktkyfcsKyfí tpDt
&ifcefUawmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(902) udk;&mhESpfckwGif rif;&J;odcFoludk crnf;awmft&if;twlrSwfawmfrlí rif;&J;
oD[ol[laomtrnfESifh rif;ajr§mufwef;qmig;yg;ay;awmfrlí auwkrwDrif;aejynfBuD;udk bk&ifcH
rif;jyKawmfrl&onf/ tvkH;t&if;qifjrif;vnf; trsm;ay;awmfrlonf/
 172 - rkwårodkUcsDwufjcif;taMumif;

,if;aomtcg rkwår 32-NrdKUudkrif;jyKaom rif;um;-ok&Sifwum½GyfydESrawmf i,frnf

]]wvurl}}[laom rif;orD;vif ]]apmAnm;}}wnf;/ xdkrif;udk rif;w&m;a½TxD;u ta&;t&mapygawmf
rlaomfvnf; qifvkH;jrif;&if;rsm;jym;onfudk taMumif;jyKí tcdkifaeav\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf;
rkwårodkUigcsDawmfrlrnf/ qifjrif;AdkvfygwdkUudk tvsifpD&ifav trdefUawmf&dSí bk&ifaemfausmfxif
aemf&xmpD&ifawmfrlonfum;- ppfwk&*Fol ç tif,Ofwk&if ç aZ,swrefwdkUjrif;okH;wyfudka&SUcsD&onf/
onfaemuf eE´ausmfol ç b,eHol ç Anm;z½l; ç eE´a,mf"m ç oD&daZ,sausmfxif ç eE´oMuø ç
ouf&SnfausmfxifwdkU 7-wyfcsD&onf/ onfaemuf rif;w&m;a½TxD; wyfrawmfwGif qifpD;trwf
av;usdyf ç wkdufqifav;q,f ç jrif;av;&m ç ppfonfol&J;av;aomif; ç onfaemufrS bk&ifaemif
ausmfxifaemf&xm wyfaemuftkyf&onf/ [Hom0wDNrdKUudk txdef;awmf owdk;"r®&mZmudk NrdKUapmifhcefU
awmfrlí ouú&mZf(902)udk;&mhESpfckwGif jrif;wyfokH;wyfESifhwuG wyfaygif; 12wyfwGifygonfh wdkuf
qif w&mhokH;q,f ç jrif;ESpfaxmifw&m ç ppfonf ol&J; wodef;okH;aomif;ESifh rkwårodkUcsDawmfrl
onf/
rkwårodkUa&mufvQif rkwårpm; apmAnm;wGif ol&J;olcufvnf;rsm;vSonf/ oabFmqdyfjzpfí
vufeufud&d,mpdefajymif; jrwylvnf;xlxyfvSonf/ NrdKUwGifaeaom ukvm;yef;ao;wdkUudkvnf;
wcsdKUNrdKUjypD;ukefonf/ wcsdKUoabFm 7-pif;ESifhtjynfhtpkHxnfhí NrdKUa&SUuausmufql;csíaeukef
onf/ rkwårNrdKUvnf; awmifvsm; ajrmufvsm;bDvmjzpfonf/ taemufujrifhí ta&SUuedrfhonf/
ta&SUuvnf;jrpf taemufuvnf; awmifxdyfwGifNrdKUwnfavaomaMumifh tajrmuf aoewfvGwf
atmifta0;uom&Hawmfrl&acsonf/ &HawmfrlíwvcefU&dSvQif wdkufavSrygaomaMumifh [Hom0wDrSm&dS
avaom wdkufavSBuD;okH;&mausmfudk oGm;í,lavonf/ a&mufvQifa&ygMunf;ygvkyfMuHawmfrlonf/
ukvnf;wdkU oabFmxufu tajrmufpdefajymif;ESifhypfíwdkufavSrsm;uGJ;acsysufacs\/ NrdKUudkrwufEdkif
acs/ Munf;aMumif;uvnf; qifjrif;Akdvfygrsm;ESifh tBudrfBudrfvkyfMuHaomfvnf; NrdKUpD;jypD;rsm;onf
vufeufud&d,m xlxyfvSaomaMumifh &J;rufawmfwdkUtxdtyg;t&Stersm;vQif qkwfíae&acsonf/
rkwårNrdKUudk taMutnm rsdK;&du©mrjywfoGif;&avaomaMumifh tpm;taomufjyefUajymav
onf/ xdktaMumif;rsm;udk Mum;awmfrlvQif rsdK;&du©mroGif;&atmif a&wyfMunf;wyf0ef;&Hap/
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmudk trdefUawmf&dSonf/ bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; trdefUawmf
twdkif;pD&ifNyD;vQif rsdK;&du©mroGif;&íiwfav\/ xdkodkUiwfjim;aomfvnf; vufrcs/ NrdKUudkomcdkifvkH
atmifpD&ifícHonf/
 173 - armfvNrdKifpm;Anm;OD;xHoHapykH

rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; &Snfvwfaomf rkwårpm;a,mufbawmf armfvNrdKifpm;ulnDcsdrfh

rnfrcRwf/ trSwfawmf&dSí armfvNrdKifpm;odkUoHaponf-
]]&mZoHwGif rSmawmfrlonfum;-aZ,s0¹kwdkif; &mrnwdkif;paom wdkif;BuD;jynfBuD;
wdkUudktpkd;&awmfrlaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;Mum;vSmaponf armfvNrdKifpm;-wvdkif;rif; ok&Sif
wum½Gyfydonf rª;awmfrwfawmf ol&J;olcufaumif; qifaumif; jrif;aumif;rsm;aomfvnf;
igvkyfMuHawmfrlvQif [Hom0wDwGif rae0Hhí jynfbk&ife&ywdodkUaygif;avonf/ ,if;odkUvQif
[Hom0wDudk ig&awmfrlonf/ [Hom0wDu jynfodkUcsDaomcgvnf; ok&Sifwum½GyfydESifh jynf
bk&if t0bk&if okH;jynfaxmifaygif;ícHMuonfudk igatmifawmfrlí qifjrif;okHUyef;trsm;
&awmfrlonf/ aemufok&Sifwum½Gyfyd r&dSvQifvnf;trª;trwf apmAnm;taygif;wdkUonf
a½TbGm;atmufa&mufvSmí uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ xdkodkUuRefawmfcHvSmaom trª;trwfwdkUudk
vnf; r½Iwfrcstxdkuftavsmuf olaumif;jyKawmfrlonf/ rkwårpm; ]]apmAnm;}}udkvnf;
igu apíta&;t&mpkHprf;aponfudk rnfodkUrQravQmufaeaomaMumifh ,ckigcsDawmfrlí qif
vkH; jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh ig&Hawmfrlonfudkvnf; NrdKUcdkifonfudkom,kHíaeonf/ igvkyfMuHawmfrl
onfudk rkwårNrdKUrQonfcHEdkifrnfr[kwf/ ,ckvnf; jr§HK;wGifig;uJhodkU&dSavNyD;wnf/ armfvNrdKif
pm;]]Anm;OD;}}udkvnf; vla&;vl&mESifhjynfhpkHonf[lí Mum;awmfrlonf/ armfvNrdKifpm;udk
tysuftpD;odkUra&mufapvdkí trdefUawmfpmESifhapawmfrlonf[k a&;apNyD;vQif ouúvyftdwf
wGifoGwfí NrdKUvSpm;ESifh r½GHpm;udkapawmfrlonf/}}
armfvNrdKifNrdKUodkUa&mufí rdefUawmfpmudkMum;vQif Anm;OD;OD;csí þodkUpmqufvdkufonf-
]]uRefawmfAnm;OD; oHawmfOD;wif0Hhonf bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;bk&m;--
[Hom0wDudktvdkawmfjynfhpuyif rkwårpm; apmAnm;udktMumaeí roifh a½Tb0g;awmf
atmuftvsifa&mufrSoifhrnf[k uRefawmfuapygonfudk rkwårpm;apmAnm;onf yrmP
rjyK/ ukvm;yef;ao;rsm;pum;udkemí ta&;awmfrNyD;&Sdavonf/ ,ckvnf; csDvSmNyD[líMum;
vQif olrsm;tvsif a½Tb0g;atmufa&mufygrnf tMuH&dSonfudk uRefawmfwGifvnf; om;orD;
taqGtrsdK;rsm;onfudk jzpfonf/ waMumif;rSmvnf; rkwårESifh armfvNrdKifonf rkwårrSmom;&dS
vQif armfvNrdKifrSmtb&dSonf/ tpfudkrkwårrSm&dSvQif nDarmfvNrdKifrSm&dSonf/ uRefawmfonf
NrdKUom;wdkUtmPmudk qefacsaomfudk,frQvGwfrnfcufonf/ xdkUaMumifha½Tb0g;awmfatmuf
ra&muf&&dSonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;aomb0&Sifrif;w&m; rkwårudk tvkdawmfjynfhvQif uRefawmf
rSm taxGtxl;r&dSNyD/ uRefawmft&if;jzpfawmhonf[lí pmESifhavQmufvdkuf\/ vufaqmif
awmfvnf; txl;xl;aom xnfrsdK;tkyfrsdK;wdkUudkrsm;pGmqufvdkufonf}}/
 174 - ordefz½l;udkavSwyfü0efcsKyfcefUykH

oHwdkUa&mufí Anm;OD;avQmufvdkufaompmudkMum;vQif ordefz½l;udkac:awmfrlí rkwårudk

tBudrftbefrsm;pGm vkyfMuHapaomfvnf;r&acs/ ordefz½l;ta&;udk yodkUxifoenf;[k rdefUawmfrlonf
udk ordefz½l;OD;csí þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ rkwårNrdKUonf awmif½dk;wGifwnfavaomaMumifh
awmifyifNrdKUwvkH;uJhodkUjzpfavonf/ NrdKUpD;jypD;vnf;rsm;onf vufeufud&d,mvnf;xlxyfvSonf/
xdkUaMumifh &J;rufawmfwdkU toufudktoufrrSwfvkyfMuHaomfvnf; atmifjrifjcif;odkUra&mufEdkifacs/
txdtyg;t&Steomrsm;acsonf/ ta&SUNrdKUedrfh&muwuf&rnfvnf; ukvm;wdkUoabFm ckESpfpif; ç
&Spfpif;ESifh ajymif;aoewftajrmufwifí aeavaomaMumifh pkwf½kwfcsnf;í NrdKUukdrwufomacs/ csOf;
orQavSpkvnf; oabFmxufupdefajymif;ESifh vTwfvQifuGJ;acsepfacsonf/ waMumif;rSmvnf; NrdKUwGif;
odkU rsdK;&du©mroGif;&atmif qD;qdkU&Haomfvnf; jrpfaMumif;us,fvSonfjzpfí nOfhudktrSwfrJhoGif;&av
onf/ odkUvQifNrdKUwGif;om;odkU &du©mtaxmuf&í &J;rufawmfwdkUom anmif;nmacsonf/ ,if;odkUjzpf
aomaMumifh uRefawmftMuHaomfum; ukvm;wdkUcHí aeonfoabFmrsm;udk wpkHwckaomya,m*jzifh
oifhatmifpD&ifzsufNyD;vQif ta&SUrsufESmu avSwyfudkcsOf;NyD;vQif wuf&atmifwufrnf/ odkUpD&if
onfjzpfrS tvdkawmfjynfhvG,frnf [líem;awmfavQmufonf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; ordefz½l;
avQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí ordefz½l;oifhatmifpD&ifav trdefUawmf&dSNyD;vQif avSwyf0efcsKyf
cefUawmfrlonf/
 175 - ordef;z½l;oabFm 7-pif;udkwdkufzsufí rkwårNrdKUudkatmifjrifykH

ordefz½l;vnf; avSwyfom;taygif;ESifh rkwårjrpfnmv0ef;NrdKUodkUoGm;í opf0g;ckwfapNyD;vQif

abmift0tvH50/ tvsm;tvH 100bGJUapí rD;½ª;0g;udkpnf;í txyfxyftawmifESpfq,fausmfcefU
abmifxufwGif pkykHapNyD;vQif nOfhudkarQmcJhapí rkwårtnmreD;ra0;wGifabmifudkqdkufíxm;av\/
wabmifrSmvnf; t0tvH 50/ tvsm;tvH 300udkcdkifcefUatmif vkyfapNyD;vQif rkwårNrdKUxuf jrifh
atmifopfwyfwnfí jyvuf&rf;ol&J;ajy; cdkifcefUatmif vkyfapí tajrmufaoewftjynfhpD&ifí rkwår
jrpfnmuqdkufíxm;&onf/
,if;odkUpD&ifíxm;aom abmifESpfabmifwGif rD;pmwifaomabmifi,fudk 'Da&wufaomtcg
abmifudkwnf;ríxm;onf/ rdk;aomufxeD;'Da&usvQif rD;½ª;ykHudkrD;ñdSí wNydKifeuf rD;½ªykHrD;awmufí
tvQHxef;zsm;cefU&dSrS abmifudkoabFmESifhqDxnfharQmvdkufvQif abmifbdrdíoabFmudkrD;pGJ;av\/ NrdKU
wGif;om;wdkUvnf; oabFmudkrD;pGJ;onfudkjrifvQif NrdKUuxGufíavSBuD;avSi,fESifh ulMuonfudk &J;ruf
awmfavSwyfom;wdkUvdkufí wdkufvQif rD;udkrowf0HhíNrdKUwGif;odkU0ifav\/
rD;½ª;abmifvnf; oabFmBuD;okH;pif;ausmufql;csíaeonfudkbdrdíavmifvQif ausmufql;BudK;
jywfí atmufuoabFmav;pif;udk bdrdírD;avmifjyefav\/ oabFmom;wdkUwcsdKUrD;avmifíao
av\/ wcsdKUa&udkqif;íul;onfudk &J;rufawmfwdkUxdk;ckwfvQif wcsdKUaoav\/ wcsdKUudkvnf;&
awmfrlonf/ oabFm 7-pif;r&dSí ta&SUrsufESmuvyfvQif tNyD;vkyfíxm;aomabmifBuD;udkvufeuf
ud&d,maq;usnfaphoGwfí ol&Jolcuftaygif;wdkUudk toifhaeapjyD;vQif 'Da&usudkazmifudkarQmí
rkwårNrdKUa&SUwGifuyfíxm;\/ NrdKUujyvuf½kH;xuf abmifujyvuf½kH;jrifhaomaMumifh &J;rufawmfwdkU
pD;eif;ypfcwfvQif NrdKUom;wdkUNrdKUxdyfwGifrae0Hhukef/ NrdKUuqif;ajy;avukef\/ ,if;odkUvQif &J;rufawmf
avSwyfom;wdkUNrdKUudkcsOf;í wl;NzdKav\/ NydKvQifNydK&mu &J;rufawmfwdkU0ifí tdrf&mausmif;uef
udkrD;wdkufav\/ Munf;wyfom;wdkUvnf; NrdKUpD;jypD;r&dSonfudkjrifvQif NrdKUudkwdkufabmufí qif ç
jrif;Adkvfyg tvkH;NrdKUwGif;odkU0ifí vufajcxlorQudkowfn§pfav\/ rkwårpm; ]]apmAnm;}}vnf;
vufrcsbJ; ½kH;rdorQaom &JrufAdkvfygESifhqD;í wdkufonfudk eE´ausmfolqifESifh pD;csif;wdkufMuav\/
renf;Muma0SUMuvQif apmAnm;qif vnfíajy;av\/ vdkufxyfíwdkufvQif qifESifwuG apmAnm;
udk&í rif;w&m;a½TxD;udkqufav\/ &J;rufawmfwdkUvnf; a½T ç aiG ç aMu;oH t0wftpm;wdkUudk
vk,ufzsufqD;í ,lukef\/ vufajcxlorQudkvnf; owfñ§pfukef\/ aoaysmufrsm;onf[líMum;
vQif ordefz½l;udkrowfrn§pfapESifh qD;wm;bdtrdefUawmf&dSí armif;aMu;eif;cwfí qD;wm;&mwGifrS
taotaysmufr&dSNidrf;csrf;ukef\/ &J;rufawmfwdkU a½T ç aiG&onfrsm;udk &ool,lap trdefUawmf&dSNyD;
vQif bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmrSpí rª;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkUudk wJ;awmfOD;odkUac:awmfrlí
nDvmcH&mwGif ordefz½l;tpDtrHoifhwifhayaomaMumifh rkwårNrdKUudktvQiftvdkawmfjynfhawmf rlay
onf[lí csDrGrf;awmfrlNyD;vQif apmAnm;udktaqmifta,miftpD;teif;ESifhwuG ajrmif;jrNrdKUudkay;
awmfrlonf/ ae&mvnf; vuf0J;awmfOD;ae&onf/ jynfa&;½GmrI&dSaomtcg bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf
&xmESifhwdkifyifí pD&if[lívnf; trdefUawmf&dSonf/ qif ç jrif;oif;pkvnf;ay;awmfrlonf/
,if;odkUrS rkwårpm;aom apmAnm;udk yolqifpD;csif;Edkifoenf;ar;awmfrlonfudk uRefawmf
wdkufí apmAnm;qifvnfíajy;avonf toD;oD; trª;trwfwdkUavQmufMuonf/ bk&ifrif;w&m;
a½TxD;vnf; igqkay;awmfrrlomao;/ apmAnm;udkyif ppfbdOD;trdefUawmf&dSí bk&ifhaemif ausmfxif
aemf&xmppf&aomf apmAnm;avQmufonf/ uREfkyfudkqifqdkifí wdkufaomolum;-tom;cwfeD yg;cwf
NrHKUESifh qifrSmvnf;tpG,faumufESifh[líem;awmfavQmufonf/ bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm vnf;
vludkjrifaomftrSwf&rnfavm[líar;jyef\/ rsufESmudkjrifvQiftrSwf&yg\[líavQmufonf/ rª;awmf
rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudkac:íjy trdefUawmf&dSíjyaomf þolonfuREfkyfudk qifpD;csif;Edkifayool [lí
eE´ausmfoludkjy\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; odkUonf qifykH ç jrif;ykHtaxG;axG;udk trSwf&ayonf owd
aumif;vSonf[lí csDrGrf;awmfrlonf/ eE´ausmfoludkvnf; rif;ausmfxif[laom trnfESifh
uGrf;cGufvufbuftdk; uGrf;tdk; ç a½Ttdk;jypf ç a½TjrLwm ç a½TaxG;cH ç qifa½Tu ç jrif;a½Tu ç avScsif
ydwf ç yJhaygif;avSrSwf tukefay;awmfrlonf/ qifayguf 5-pD; ç jrif;-50 ç uRefw&mvnf;ay;awmfrl
onf/ rkwårNrdKUwGif&dSaom tonftvm ola|;ol<u,fwdkUonfvnf; 5&ufwdkifwdkif vufbGJU&onf/
trª;trwf yGJ;vrf;&oolrsm;udkvnf;t&nfoGm;tavsmuf trnft&nf taqmifta,mif aus;½Gm
NrdKUjy ay;awmfrlonf/
rkwårudk tvdkawmfjynfhvQif armfvNrdKifpm; Anm;OD;vnf; aqGwumrsdK;wumtaygif;ESifhvuf
aqmifvufeufrsm;,lí b0&Sifrif;w&m; a½TxD;ajc&if;awmfodkUa&mufvSm\/ vufaqmifawmfudk odrf;
,lawmfrlí opömawmfay;NyD;vQif aqmifjrJ;aomtaqmifta,miftpD;teif;ESifhwuG armfvNrdKifNrdKUudk
ay;awmfrlonf/ ta&SUbufwvTm;NrdKUpm;rsm;vnf; qifBuD;jrif;BuD; ç om;orD;wdkUudk vufaqmifawmf
qufí uRefawmfcHvSmukef\/ xdkolwdkUudkvnf; opömawmfay;NyD;vQif rdrdwdkUaqmifjrJ;aom taqmif
ta,mifpD;jrJ;eif;jrJ;ESifh rdrdwdkUpm;onfh NrdKUudkyifay;awmfrlonf/
rkwårNrdKUudkrlum; - ok&Sifwum½Gyfyd 0&D;awmfom;ESrawmf ti,fvif ]]apmvuGef;tdef}}udkrif;
aqmif rif;a,mifESifhwuG ay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS ,dk;',m;pyf Zif;r,fpyfwdkUudk uif;&Snf ç
uif;wdk xm;awmfrlonf/ þodkUrkwår 32-NrdKUudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;vQif a&tm;Munf;tm;
[Hom0wDodkU jyefawmfrlonf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif acsmif;awmiftaemuf £wdkufO,smOf&mwGif
tdrfawmfrkwfbDaqmufí&mZmbdaoucHawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg jrefrmtrwf ç wvdkif;trwf ç
&Srf;trwfwdkUudktrnft&nftaqmifta,mifaus;½Gmay;awmfrlonf/
 176 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;jynfodkUa&aMumif;csDykH

rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; a,mufbawmf ausmfxifaemf&xmavQmufonfta&;udk BudKufawmfrlí

onfhtwdkif;pD&iftrdefUawmf&dSí ausmfxifaemf&xmpD&if&onf/ [Hom0wDwGif 0SufuJhíxm;aom
wdkufavSrsm; 0ifvSmaomolwdkUudk qkvmbfay;í,lapNyD;vQif b,ausmfol ç eE´ausmfol ç ordefz½l; ç
rif;r[m ç oD&daZ,sausmfxif ç ydkuf&eJ; ç vufsmysHcsD/ ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;csDawmfrlonf/
avSwyf 7wyfwGifygonfh Zvmuyif; ç uwåK ç vGef;Muif okH;&mhig;q,f/ ppfonfol&J;okH;odef; 5-
aomif;ESifh a&aMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ avSwyfrSmruGm csDaomMunf;wyfrSm owdk;"r®&mZm ç b,eHol ç
ordefavmuf&dSef ç eE´ol&d, ç onfav;wyfudk wdkufqif ckESpfq,f ç jrif;okH;&m ç ppfonfol&J;
okH;aomif;ig;axmifausmfESifh avSwyfESifhruGmcsD&onf/ a,mufbawmfausmfxifaemf&xmrSm wdkuf
qifig;q,f ç jrif;ig;&m ç ppfonfol&J;waomif; qifpD;trwf 5-usdyfESifh ukef;aMumif;aemif½dk;udk
csD&onf/ [Hom0wDNrdKUudkrlum; rif;&J;odcFolESifh ppfonfol&J;waomif;ausmfudk tapmifhaecefUawmfrl
onf/
 177 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;jynfNrdKUodkUcsDwufykH

rif;w&m;a½TxD; wvdkif;okH;&yfudktvdkawmfjynfhvQif rif;{u&mZfwdkU\ wifhw,fprÜ,fawmf

rljcif;jzifh tvkH;t&if;jcH&Hvsuf a&tm;Munf;tm; ouú&mZf(903)udk;&mhokH;ck w*kHbk&m;&SifodkU csDawmfrl
í rudk#fwifawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg t&d,m oCFmawmfwdkUtm; &ufvnfatmifqGrf;vkyfauR;
awmfrlonf/ obifBuD;pGmvnf;cHawmfrlonf/ jyefawmfrlí [Hom0wDodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif bk&ifaemif
ausmfxifaemf&xmudk a&SUoDwif;0gvuRwfvQif oa&acwå&modkUcsDawmfrlrnf/ NrdKUpm;jypm; taygif;wdkU
udk qif ç jrif; ç Adkvfygjznfhwif;ap/ ppf0wfwef;qm vufeufud&d,maq;usnfaph rsdK;&du©mjynfhpkHap/
trdefUawmf&dSí bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmu NrdKUpm;taygif;wdkUodkU apawmfrlonf/ NrdKUpm; taygif;
wdkUvnf; oDwif;0gvuRwfvQif qif ç jrif; ç Adkvfygtaygif;wdkUESifh ajc&if;awmfodkUcsnf;a&mufvSm
onf/ ta&mufnDvQif a&wyfMunf;wyfcsDawmfrlonfum;-
a&wyfrSm ykodefpm; ordefjAydkufwwyf ç ajrmif;jrpm; ordefz½l;wwyf ç "EkjzLpm; &J;oifh&Hw
wyf ç 'vpm; oD&daZ,saemf&xmwwyf ç ojrifwkHpm; eE´a,mf"mwwyf ç v0ef;jynfhpm; eE´ol&d,
wwyf ç onfajcmufwyfudk a&SUcsD&onf/ ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;a½TxD;rSmbkH 15-qifh&dSaom
jymom'fokH;aqmifESifhwuG &wema½TabmifpD;awmfrlí wyfawmfwGif eE´oMuøppfuJ; b,eHolwyfrª;
cefUawmfrlonf abmifawmfav;rsufESmudk 0if;rª;av;yg; rdrdwdkUudk oem;awmfrlonf/ avSmfum; avS
rSwfESifhvdkuf&onf/ 0if;awmfav;rsufESmudkvnf; wdk;½kyfpaom om;avSiSufavStaygif;wdkUwGif
tajrmufaoewf vufeufud&d,mwifapí a½T'dkif;a½TvTm;cHumESifh rdk;eJ;a½TvSHpdkufapí vuf0J;vufsm
a&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ abmifawmfudkvnf; a½TavSmfum;&Spfpif;iif&onf/ a&TavSmfum; 12-pif;wGif
a½Ta0ga½Tcifw,ifpaom rif;aqmifrif;a,mif rif;crf;rif;em;wifí a½TwufESifhcsnf;avSmfívdkuf&
onf/
abmifawmfaemufu csD&onfwyfum; - Z½GJ;tkHpm; oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyf ç oHvsifpm; eE´
ausmfxifwwyf ç rkwårpm; apmvuGef;tdefwwyf ç cJ;aygifpm; ordefoHus,fwwyf ç tpkyfNrdKUpm;
ordeftJ;e&J;wwyf ç ppfawmif;pm;r[mBuD;wwyf ç wyfrawmfESifhwuG a&wyf 13-wyfwGifygonfh
Zvmuyif;BuD;ESpfq,f ç Zvmuyif;i,fig;q,f ç uwåKvGef;usif ig;&m ç avSmfum;oHavS&Spf&m ç ppf
onf&J;udk;aomif;ESifh csDawmfrlonf/
Munf;wyfrSm aygif;wnfpm; oa&pnfolwwyf ç aumvd,pm; pwkumrPdwwyf ç 0efNrdKU
pm; tJ;e&J;wwyf ç wdkufukvm;pm; ordefapmu&wwyf ç armfyDpm; b,a,mf"mwwyf ç ,if;urS
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmwyfrjyKícsDawmfrlonf/(wyfryg 6-wyf)
jrif;wyfrSm ppfwk&*Folwwyf ç vufsm&J;wdkifwwyf ç wk&if&mZm wwyf ç tif,ifwk&if
wwyf ç wk&ifudwådwwyf ç onfjrif; 5-wyfudka&SUcsD&onf/ jrif;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 11-wyfwGifyg
onfh wdkufqifokH;&m ç jrif;ESpfaxmifig;&m ç ppfonfol&J;&Spfaomif;ESifh ouú&mZf(903)udk;&mhokH;ck
wefaqmifrkef;v oa&acwå&modkU a&tm;Munf;tm;csDawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wDNrdKUudkrlum; owkd;"r®
&mZm ESifh ouf&Snfausmfxifudk NrdKUapmifhcefUawmfrlonf/
 178 - jynfNrdKUudkwdkufcdkufodrf;,lykH

jynfbk&ifrif;acgifvnf; rif;w&m;a½TxD; csDvSmNyDMum;vQif NrdKUjy usKH;ajrmif; uwkwf &ifwm;

pD&ifjyifqifí tajrmufaoewf vufeufud&d,m pDpOfí qifcvkyf ç jrif;cvkyfxm;awmfrlonf/
rsdK;&du©mvnf;oGif;í xm;awmfrlonf/ txuftnmapmfbGm;wdkUodkUvnf; csDyifh&avonf/ &cdkifrif;
wdkUvnf; ppfultvsifcsDvSmyg[lí yifh&avonf/
rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; jynfNrdKUodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif a&tm;Munf;tm;vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/
vufeufud&d,m xlxyfvSonfESifh NrdKUpD;jypD;rsm;aomaMumifh txdtyg;t&Stersm;vQif qkwfí ta0;
ucGgíMunf;a&0ef;&Hvsuf aeawmfrlonf/
 179 - ppfulvmaom odk[efbGm;tkef;abmifapmfbGm; wdkUudkqD;qdkUíwdkuf,lykH

t0bk&if odk[efbGm; tkef;aygifapmfbGm;wdkUvnf; apmfbGm;taygif;ESifh ½kH;pkwdkifyifí wdkufqif

&Spf&m ç jrif;waomif; ç ppfonfol&J; wodef;ajcmufaomif;ESifh ppfulvSmonf/ xdktaMumif;udk
rif;w&m;a½TxD;Mum;awmfrlvQif rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk wJ;awmfOD;odkU ac:awmfrlí wdkifyif
awmfrlonfudk bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmavQmufonf/ ,ckonfapmfbGm;taygif;csDvSm&mrSm
qifvkH; jrif;&if;rsm;vSonfMum;onf/ xdkodkUrsm;aomfvnf; qifpD;&müvnf; uREfkyfwdkUudkrwef
ajconfcsif;vnf; uRefwdkUudkrwef &Srf;wdkUcHEdkifrnfavm/ jrif;pD;rlum;&Srf;wdkUusifvnfavonfjzpf
aomaMumifh qifudktm;jyKícsDrnf/ waMumif;rSmvnf; apmfbGm;wdkUcsDvSmonfudk jynfNrdKUwGif;urod&
atmif nOfhudkcsDí wpcef;tvGefrSmBudKíwdkufrnf/ &Srf;wdkUcHEdkifrnfavm/ ysufatmifwdkufrnf[lí
em;awmfavQmuf\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; bk&ifhaemifoifhatmifpD&iftrdefU&dSonf/ bk&ifaemifausmf
xifaemf&xmvnf; qifaumif; ç jrif;aumif; ç ol&J;olcufaumif;wdkUudk wyfwdkif;a½G;aumufawmfrlí
ppfwk&*Foljrif;wyf çvufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyf ç onfjrif;ESpfwyfudk a&SUcsDapí eE´a,mf"mwwyf ç
ordefjAydkufwwyf ç ESifh eE´ausmfxifwwyf ç apmvuGef;tdefwwyf ç jrif;ESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif;
ajcmufwyfwGifygonfh wdkufqif ig;&m ç jrif;ckESpf&m ç ppfonfol&J; okH;aomif;ESifh vufsmaMumif;
csD&onf/
wk&if&mZmjrif;wyf ç tif,nfwk&ifjrif;wyf ç onfjrif;wyfESpfwyfudka&SUcsDapíb,ausmfol
wwyf ç ordeftJ;e&J;wwyf ç ordefaZmfu&yfwwyf ç oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyf ç jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifh
wyfaygif; ajcmufwyfwGifygonf wdkufqif ig;q,f ç jrif;ckESpf&m ç ppfonfol&J;okH;aomif;ESifh
vuf0J;aMumif;csDaponf/ wk&ifa,mf"mjrif;wyf ç &mZwrefjrif;wyf ç onfjrif;wyfESpfwyfudk a&SUcsD
apí r[mBuD;wwyf ç ordefoHus,fwwyf ç ordeftJ;e&J;wwyf ç bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm
wwyf ç jrif;ESpfwyfESifhwyfaygif;ajcmufwyfwGifygonfwdkufqifig;q,f ç jrif;ckESpf&m ç ppfonfol&J;
okH;aomif;ESifh tv,faMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ jynfNrdKUuxGufí wpcef;a&mufvQif qifrsm;udk jrpf
wGifa&pdrfapí jrif;ajcmufwyfudk tpkHtprf;csDavap\/ jrif;wyfom;wdkUvnf; apmfbGm;wdkUucsDvSm
onf jrif;wyfwdkUawGUvQif awGUaMumif;udk tvsifavQmufvSm&\/ apmfbGm;wdkUuvnf; jrefrmjrif;
onfwdkUudkjrifvQifqifygjrif;ygcsDvSmí tjyif;vdkufvm\/ ppfwk&*Folvufsm&J;wdkifwdkU jrif;ajcmuf
wyfom;vnf; ppfa&;iifcJhí vuf0J;vufsmESpfjzmcGJ;íaeav\/
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmodkU ppfokH;aMumif;om;vnf; jrpfwGifpdrfapaomqifrsm;udkwuf
apí uNyD;vQif Muufajcwiftajrmufrsm;udka&SUupDpOfí apmfbGm;wdkUppfonfeD;vQif tajrmufpdef
ajymif;wdkUudk rdk;½GmouJhodkUjzpfap\/ &Srf;wdkUAdkvfyg qifjrif;txdtyg;rsm;vQif ppfOD;ESpfBudrfokH;Budrf
ysufav\/ odkUvQif apmfbGm;wdkUuqifygjrif;ygbdíwdkufvSm\/ bk&Sifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf;
wdkufqifw&mhig;q,fESifh ppfrsufESmokH;aMumif;jzefUícRef;bGifhumvTwfMuvQif&Srf;wdkUu qifi,fom
jzpfítpG,f&SufcHaomqifrsm; ,if;wGifyifvnf;av\/ wcsdKUvnf;qifOD;,SOfrdvQif a[mifa[mif
usnfusnfjrnfíajy;\/ qifwyfysufvQif jrif;wyfvnf;ysufí b&rf;bwmajy;av\/ ppfwk&*Fol ç
vufsm&J;wdkifwdkU jrif;ajcmufwyfom;xyfí vdkufonf/ okH;q,fpm; ç a&mufapmufpm; ç aemifrGefpm;
wdkUudk pD;qifESifhwuG&awmfrlonf/ qifajcmufq,f ç jrif;okH;axmifausmf okUHyef;vlESpfaxmifausmf
vnf; &awmfrlonf/ aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/ ,if;odkUatmifjrifawmfrlvQif bk&ifaemifausmfxif
aemf&xmvnf; &HwyfESifha0;rnfudk&nfí ppfudk½kwfNyD;vQif &HwyfodkUjyefawmfrl\/ a&mufawmfrlvQif
&onfhokHUyef;qifjrif;wdkUudk qufvQif bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmudktm;&awmfrlí rif;nDrif;om;
wdkUtaqmifta,mif tpD;teif;tukefESifh ajcrpGyfvufrpGyfa½TcsufESpfpif; ç rDStkef;0ef; ç qif 20 ç
jrif;50 ç okHUyef;vl 200ausmfudk ay;awmfrlonf/ trª;trwf yGJ;vrf;&olwdkUudk trnft&nftaqmif
ta,mifpm;aus;pm;vuf txdkuftavsmufqkay;awmfrlonf/
apmfbGm;wdkU ppfulvmonfudkatmifjrifawmfrlvQif atmifjrifaMumif;udkpma&;íjynfNrdKUwGif;
odkUoGif;&avonf/ jynfbk&ifrif;acgifvnf; ta&;t&mrqdkaeav\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf;
rª;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkUudk wJ;awmfOD;odkUac:awmfrlí jynfrif;onf NrdKUcdkifonfESifhvufeuf
ud&d,mrsm;onfudk,kHí ta&;t&mrqdkaeavonf/ NrdKUcdkifonfESifhvufeufud&d,mrsm;aomfvnf;
rsdK;&du©mr&dSonfudkwwfEdkifrnfavm? NrdKUwGif;rSmvnf; usDMub@menf;onf/ ppfonfAdkvfygursm;
onf/ NrdKUjyifuvnf;[if;½GufwcsyfrQroGif;&jzpfonf/ rdk;usvQif igwdkU&J;ruf v,fvkyfpdrfhrnf/ ig
wdkUaus;½GmNrdKUjyuvnf; ydkUpdrfhrnf/ odkUvQif igwkdU&J;rufrSm 0ajymaomufpm;&rnf/ onfuJhodkU
vkyfMuD;MuHrpD&ifawmfrl&aomf jynfNrdKUonfigwdkUvufuvGwfEdkifrnfavm[lírdefUawmfrlNyD;vQifwvdkif;
okH;&yf tNrdKUNrdKUwGif&dSaom ol&J;olcufwdkUudkac:csawmfrlí wyfwdkif;avmif;xyfawmfrlonf/ rsdK;&du©m
vnf;tNrdKUNrdKUuavSwufESifh ydkUvSm&onf/
 180 - &cdkifrif;ppfulvmonfudkqD;íwdkufykH

jynfbk&ifucsDyifhaví &cdkifbk&ifunDawmfoHwGJ;pm;udk Adkvfrª;jyKapí wdkufqifw&m ç

jrif;ESpf&m ç ppfonfol&J;ig;aomif;ESifh Munf;aMumif;csDvSm&onf/ &cdkifbk&ifom;awmfOy&mZmrSm
uwåKvGefusif ckESpf&m ç ppfonfol&J; ckESpfaomif;ESifh e*g;&pfawmifudkvSnfhíarmfwif&pfaMumif;csDvSm
onf/ &cdkifua&aMumif; Munf;aMumif;csDvmaMumif;udk &cdkifbk&ifnDupma&;í jynfNrdKUaus;pGefae
vlig;a,mufwdkUudk jynfNrdKUwGif;odkUpmoGif;acsapíydkUvSm&onf/ xdkolig;a,mufvnf; jynfNrdKUwGif;odkU
pmoGif;rnf[lí nOfhuvmonfudk &J;rufawmfwdkUawGUvQif brf;íqufvSm\/ ygonfhpmudkMum;
awmfrlvQif ykodefpm;ordefjAydkuf ç ajrmif;jrpm; ordefz½l; ç cJ;aygif;pm; ordefoHus,f ç 'vpm;oD&d
aZ,saemf&xmonfNrdKUpm;av;OD;udk tudkwdkUpm;onfNrdKUjyutcdkiftvkHajymif;aoewfwifíaeavtrdefU
awmf&dSaomaMumifh avSmfum;vufjynhfESifhtvsifpkef&onf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkU
udkac:awmfrlí ,ck&cdkifu a&aMumif;csDvSmonf/ tiftm;rsm;vSonfqkdonf/ &HwyfudkjzKwfí &J;ruf
awmftvHk;ESifh qD;BudKíwdkuf&aomfvnf;oifhrnfavm/ &HwyfudkrjzKwfbJ;&J;rufawmfwdkUudkcGJ;íapmfbGm;
wdkUudkwdkufouJhodkU wdkuf&aomfoifhrnfavmtrdefUawmf&dSonfudk bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm
nDawmf oD&daZ,sausmfxifavQmufonf/ &cdkifwdkUcsDvSm&mrSm ppftifBuD;vSonf/ &HwyfudkrjzKwf
bJ;wcsdK;omcGJ;íwdkufaomfatmifEdkifaomfaumif;\/ ratmifEdkifaomf&HwyfwGif;&J;rufawmfwdkUonf ppf
ESpfbufn§yf&dSrnf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh &cdkifucsDvSmonfudk a&wyfudka&wyfcsif; Munf;wyfudk
Munf;wyfcsif; ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyfMuHrnf/ &cdkifom;wdkU cHEdkifrnfavm/ &cdkifom;wdkUysufvQif jynfNrdKUudk&HjrJ;
&Hjyefrnf/ jynfjrdKUvufawmfuvGwfEdkifrnfavm[k em;awmfavQmufonfudkwyfrawmfwyfrSL;
&mZoMuøm;awmfavQmufjyefonf/
 181 - eE´oMuøppfa&;qdkykH

a&S;aomtcgarsmufwawGonf awmifajc&if;wGif t&yftaejyKíaeMuonf/ xdkawmif ESifh

reD;ra0;aomt&yfwckü ½Gmw½Gm&dSonf/ xkd½Gm\ reD;ra0;aom t&yfüO,smOfwO,smOf&dSonf/
xkdO,smOfü wnfyifBuD;wyiftoD;rSnfhaomtcg arsmufwawGwdkUonf nOfhudkvmí xdkwnfoD;wdkUudk
pm;vSmonf/ ½Gmom;wdkUvnf; wnfyifxufrSmarsmufwawG&dSaMumif;udk Mum;vQif vufeufav;jr§m;
udkifum½GmuxGufí wnfyifudk0ef;&HMuonf/ wnfyifodkUrygaom arsmufwdkUonfvnf; rdrdwdkUtabmf
tcsif;arsmufwdkUudk ½Gmom;wdkU0ef;&HonfudkodvQif aoab;rSvGwfapjcif;iSg ½GmwGif;odkU0ifí tdrfrsm;udk
rD;wdkufav\/ ½Gmom;wdkUvnf; wcsdKUwnfyifudk&Hí wcsdKUrD;owfonf&dSaomfrD;vnf;aornf/ arsmuf
wawGudkvnf;&rnfudk,if;odkUum;r[kwf tm;vkH;oGm;írD;owfavaomaMumifh arsmufwawGvkH;vGwf
&avouJhodkU ,ckta&;awmfrSmvnf;jynfNrdKUudk&Hawmfrlonfudk t&HjzKwfíwdkufrnf rif;BuD;avQmuf&m
rSmt&HudkjzKwfacsaomfjynfom;wdkUonf ajrmufwawGvkH;xGufouJhodkUjynfom;wdkUonf aus;rufom;
ESifh wcsufxnf;jzpfí MuHBudKuf&m&mrMuHavavm/ waMumif;vnf; jynfNrdKUucGgí csDacsaomf jynf
om;wdkUaemufxyfcsDacsaomf/ ppfESpfbufn§yfr&dSacsNyDavm/ ig;vajcmufvtanmif;tnmcHí &Hawmfrl
onfta&;onf tusdK;r&dSjzpfrnfem;awmfavQmufonf/ rif;ESpfOD;avQmufonfta&;udk bk&ifaemif
ausmfxifaemf&xm;Mum;vQif þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ ,ckrif;ESpfOD;avQmufonfta&;onf ppfa&;yif
jzpfawmhonf/ odkU&mwGifjynfudk&Honfht&Hudkvnf; tcdkiftvkH&Hpdrfhrnf/ qD;BudKíwdkuf&mrSmvnf; olU
udkEdkifavmufatmifqD;BudKíwdkufrnf/ &cdkifbk&ifom;ESifhnDcsDvSm&mrSmvnf; rdrdwdkUukd,frIr[kwf
oltrIomjzpfonf/ omvQifvnf;BudK;ukwfrnf/ romvQifvnf; tvsifqkwfvdrfhrnf/ odkU&mwGif
&cdkifom;wdkUonf ppfrIavSt&mü usifhvnfavonf/ xdkodkUusifvnfavjim;aomfvnf; wdkUu ykodef ç
ajrmif;jr ç 'v ç w*kHonfNrdKUrsm;onf tvkH;t&if;vufeufud&d,mESifhcsnf;jzpfonf/ ppfavSvGef;usif
700rQESifh &cdkifbk&ifom;onfodkUvGefívmEdkifrnfavm/ &cdkifbk&ifnDbk&ifoHwGJ;pm;Munf;wyf O,mef
ylaMumif;csDvSm&mrSmvnf; qifcsif;jrif;csif;ajconfcsif; wdkUudkrwef/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh jynfNrdKU
udk &HapaomavSwyfudk&HjrJtwdkif;&Hapíaepdrfhrnf/ Munf;wyfu qifaumif;jrif;aumif;udka½G; ,lí
wdkufrnftpm;udk a&wyfol&J;u,lí Munf;wyfudkjznfhrnf/ bkef;BuD;onft&Sifvnf; &HwyfwGifpHae
awmfrl/ uREfkyfwdkUtrª;trwfomqD;BudKívkyfMuHrnfavQmufonf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf;aemifawmf
avQmufonf ta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm oifhatmifpD&ifav trdefUawmf&dS
onf/ bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; avQmuf&if;twdkif;pD&ifí b,ausmfxifESifh eE´ausmfxifudk
Munf;wyfrSm 0efcefUawmfrlonf/ ordefz½l;ESifh eE´a,mf"mudk avSwyfrSm 0efcefUawmfrlonf/
 182 - &cdkifbk&ifnDwyfOyg,fwrsnfESifhapykH

csDaomwyfpnfum; ppfwk&*Foljrif;wyf ç vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyf onfjrif;ESpfwyfudk a&SUcsDapí

oa&pnfolwwyf ç ordef;&J;oifh&Hwwyf ç ordefarmcGifwwyf ç bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmwwyf
jrif;ESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif;ajcmufwyfwGifygonfh wdkufqifig;q,f ç jrif;&Spf&m ç ppfonfol&J;ESpf
aomif;ESifh tv,faMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ wk&if&mZmjrif;wyf ç tif,nfwk&ifjrif;wyf ç onfjrif;wyf
ESpfwyfudka&SUcsDapí pwkumrPdwwyf ç eE´oMuøwwyf ç ordeftJ;e&J;wwyf ç ordefaZmfu&wf
wwyf ç jrif;ESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif;ajcmufwyfwGifygonfhwdkufqifig;&m ç jrif;&Spf&m ç ppfonfol&J;
ESpfaomif;ESifh vufsmaMumif;csD&onf/
wk&ifa,mf"mjrif;wyf ç &mZwrefjrif;wyf ç onfjrif;ESpfwyfudk a&SUcsDaponf/ oD&daZ,s
ausmfxifwwyf ç r[mBuD;wwyf ç ordeftJ;e&J;wwyf ç ordef;y&rf;wwyf ç jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifh
aygif;ajcmufwyfwGifygonf wdkufqifig;q,f ç jrif;&Spf&m ç ppfonfol&J;ESpfaomif;ESifhvuf0J;aMumif;
csD&onf/
csDaomtcg jynfNrdKUwGif;om;wdkUudk rod&atmifcsDonf/ jynfNrdKUucGgí wpcef;a&mufvQif
wyfcsí aeawmfrlonf/ &cdkifbk&ifnD oHwGJ;pm;vnf; jynfNrdKUrSmtcif;udkrodaomaMumifh tvsif
jynfNrdKUodkUrcsnf;0Hh/ jynfNrdKUuig;pcef;avmufrSm wyfcdkifwyfvkHESifh aeonfudkjrifav\/ ,if;aom
tcg wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/
,ck&cdkifbk&ifnDig;pcef;avmufrSm wyfcdkifwyfvkHESifhaeonfudk igwdkUoGm;íwdkufacsaomf igwdkU&Hwyf
ESifhvnf; a0;csdrfhrnf/ olwyfcdkifwyfvkHESifhaeonfudkwdkufacsaomfvnf; twdkuftvHcufcsdrfhrnf/
,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh &cdkifbk&ifnD tvsifcsDvSmatmifOyg,fwrsnfjzifhapí csDvSmrSwdkuf&vQif
tvsifatmif vG,frnf[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif jynfNrdKUuajy;xGufvSmonfh vlig;a,mufudkac:awmfrlí
tudkwdkUtrIawmfudkBudK;pm;tm;xkwfxrf;yg ta&;awmfNyD;vQif olaumif;jyKawmfrlpdrfhrnf[lí rdefUawmf
rl\/ vlig;a,mufvnf; trIawmfudkBudK;pm;tm;xkwfxrf;ygrnfavQmufvQif opömudkcHapí qkvmbf
ay;NyD;rS jynfbk&ifrif;acgifaponfh[efEIwfxnfhí pmudkydkU&av\/ pmwGifrSmonfum;-
aemifawmf &cdkifbk&ifu nDudk ppfulcsDvSmaponf[lí Mum;vQiftvGef0rf;ajrmufonf/ ,ck
bk&ifa½TxD;avSwyfESifh w½kyfarmfwGifaeonf/ bk&ifausmfxifaemf&xmwdkUckESpfwyfom;vnf;NrdKUodkU
csnf;í wyfcsvSmonf/ rdk;eJ;anmifa½T ç tkef;aygif ç oDaygapmfbGm;wdkUvnf; qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh
igudkppfulrnfcsDvSmonf/ ,ckajrwJ;ta&SUwGifwyfcsíaeonf/nDawmfwdkUa&mufrSwdkufrnf[k iHhí
aeaponf/ nDawmftvsifcsDvSmygawmh/ nDawmfa&mufvQif apmfbGm;rsm;ESifhaygif;íjyifuwbufwdkuf?
igvnf;NrdKUuypGefn§yfwbuf&dSatmifwdkufrnf/ ,if;odkUvQif bk&ifa½TxD;wdkUppfonfcHEdkifrnfavm
ysufavawmhrnf/ odkUysufvQif [Hom0wDwdkifatmifcsD&rnf[lí pma&;NyD;vQif jynfbk&ifrif;acgifu
&cdkifbk&ifnDudkay;yg;vdkuft[ef ywåjrm;vufpGyfESpfcsnf ç ywåjrm;vufaumufESpf&efudk aumif;rGefpGm
wHqdyfvuf&mESifh vlig;a,mufudk &cdkifbk&ifnDwyfodkUydkU&av\/ vlig;a,mufvnf NrdKUwGif;uajy;
xGufvSmooljzpfí jynfaus;pGefom;wdkU,kHMunfvSí &cdkifbk&ifnDwyfodkUydkU&av\/ &cdkifbk&ifnD
vnf;xdkolwGifygonfhpmudkMum;vQif wyfudkEkwfcsDvSm\/
 183 - &cdkifucsDvSmaomwyfudkwdkuf,lykH

bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; vufsm&J;wdkifodkU jrif;ajcmufwyfudka&SUcsDapí ppfokH;

aMumif;vkH;ppfrsufESmjzefUíqD;BudKukef\/ vufsm&J;wdkifwdkUcsDavonf/ jrif;ajcmufwyfESifh &cdkifom;
wdkUa&SUzsm;csDvSmonf jrif;wyfESifhawGUMuaomf vufsm&J;wdkifwdkUacsmif;udkul;í ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHwdkufvQif &cdkif
om;wdkUjrif;wyfysufíaemufodkUjyefav\/ &cdkifbk&ifvnf; a&SUzsm;jrif;wyfqkwfonfudkjrifvQif wyfcs
íaernfjyKonfudk vufsm&J;wdkifwdkUxyfí a&mufvQif qifpD;ol&J;wdkUvnf; qifpDpOfí ppfrsufESmjzefU
vsufaeukef\/ ppfonfawmf okH;aMumif;vkH;a&mufvQif twnf;twGr&dS ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRH0ifwdkufav\/
&cdkifbk&ifnDwdkU a&SUzsm;jrif;wyfysufav\/
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; &J;bkef;pH[laomqifudkpD;awmfrlí &cdkifbk&ifnD&dS&modkU
cRef;bGifhívTwfawmfrlonf/ &cdkifbk&ifnDawmfr&yfrwnfEdkif qifOD;r&Snf0Hhí qifuonfjrif;pD;íajy;
av\/ pD;onfqifudk&awmfrl\/
&cdkifbk&ifnDqkwfvQif ppfokH;aMumif;vkH;xyfívdkufonf/ qifpD;trwf qifESifhwuG wusdyf
&awmfrl\/ qifvGwfvnf; okH;q,fausmf ç jrif;av;&mausmf ç okHUyef;vlESpfaxmifausmf&awmfrl\/
aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; &J;rufawmfwdkUwdkufavonfudk &HwyfESifh a0;rnfudk&nfí
vdkufíac:awmfrlonf/ ta&mufnDvQif &J;rufawmfwdkUudk½kH;pkí &Hwyfudkjyefawmfrlonf/ &cdkifbk&ifnD
Munf;aMumif;csDvSmaom olwdkUppfysufaMumif; &cdkifom;a&aMumif;csDvSmolwdkUMum;vQif ykodefajrmif;jr
a&mufrS jyefav\/
 184 - bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmudk tdrfa&SUay;awmfrljcif;taMumif;

b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; aemifawmftpDtrHoifhvSayaomaMumifh &cdkifudkcsDvSmonfudk

tvG,fomatmifayonf [lí rª;awmf rwfawmfwdkUtv,fwGif csDrGrf;awmfrlNyD;rS 0wfawmfrlaom a½T
csnfyg uwDåyg0wfvkH vufawmfESpfbufwGif 0wfawmfrlaom ywåjrm;vufaumufç ywåjrm;vufpGyfç
vuf0J;awmfu tdrfa&SUrif;wdkU\ ae&mudkay;awmfrlonf/ rDSp&mtkH;0ef;vnf;okH;qifhç a½TuGrf;cGuf
&Spfajr§mifhç uGrf;vdyfokH;vdyf/ uGrf;cGufwGifxnfhp&mtyGwftñGwf taphtpkHa½Tuawmifç ydwftajymufç
aomufa&wiftajymufç a½TaxG;cHtajymufç a½Ttdk;yspftbkH;ESifhtajymufç OD;aygif;uwDåygtpdrf; ç tajc
tem;udk a½Tjym;puf0ef;tajymufç yef;&SpfyGifhESifhwuG tapmufwbufwcsufudk a½TcsnfokH;xyfvdkufí
oHvsif;wvJ;udk0ef; ç a½TcsufESpfpif; ç xD;eDanmif½GufokH;qifhç qifa½TBudK;a½Tuç a½Taygif;0ef; ç
jrif;a½TBudK;a½Tuç a½Taygif;0ef; ç pnfckESpfvkH; ç aiGESJ;ig;pif; ç bk&ifhaemifausmfxifaemf&xmudkqkay;
awmfrlonf/ yGJ;vrf;&aom trª;trwfwdkUudkvnf;trnft&nf taqmift½Guf aus;c½dkiftxdkuft
avsmufay;awmfrlonf/ &awmfrlaom qifjrif;AdkvfygwdkUudkvnf; &aomtrª;trwfwdkUudkyifay;awmfrl
onf/
&J;rufawmfwdkU&onf a½TaiG aMu;oH0wfpm;wdkUudkvnf;&oolom,l&onf/tajrmufpdefajymif;
vufeufud&d,mudkom odrf;,lawmfrlonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; &cdkifuppfudkatmifjrifawmfrlaMumif;ESifhpma&;í NrdKUwGif;odkUap
awmfrlonf/ &cdkiftrwfwa,mufudkvnf; xnfhawmfrlvdkufonf/ jynfbk&ifvnf; apmfbGm;rsm;ESifh
&cdkifbk&ifnDawmf om;awmf ppfulvmorQysufí jyefavaMumif;udkMum;awmfrlaomfvnf; rdk;avusu
olaeEdkifrnfavm[lí ta&;t&mxGufírqdk NrdKUjyudkom tcdkiftvkHpD&ifíaeav\/
 185 - jynfbk&ifrif;acgiftnHhcHíudk,fudktyfESif;&ykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; tcdkifaeaomf ae&rnfavm[lí &J;rufawmfwdkUudkNrdKUudkwufap

aomfvnf; tajrmufaoewf vufeufud&d,m xlxyfvSaomaMumifh Adkvfygt&Stetaotaysmufom
rsm;acsonf/ &awmfrrlacs/ ,if;odkUvQif bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmudk ac:awmfrlí yodkUMuH&
aomfoifhrnfenf;[k rdefUawmfrlonfudk bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmu jynfNrdKUudk&Hawmfrlonf vnf;
ig;vç ajcmufvcefU&dSNyD jynfNrdKUvnf;i,fonf/ usDMub@mvnf;enf;onf/ pm;rnfol a,mufsm;
rdef;rtBuD;ti,fvnf;rsm;onf/ jyifu&du©mudkvnf; [if;½GufwcsyfrQroGif;& `r§HK;wGif;ig; uJhokdU&dSav
NyD;onf/ odkUudkvsuf&J;rufawmfwdkUudk t&StecHíNrdKUudkvkyfMuHawmfrlcif;r&dS/ rdk;avusvQif uRefawmf
wdkUu v,fvkyfpdrfhrnf/ [Hom0wDu rsdK;&du©mwdkUudkvnf; avSBuD;avSi,ftrsm;ESifhydkUvSmpdrfhrnf/
þuJhodkU MuHawmfrlNyD;vQif jynfNrdKUvnf; iSufrlí ysHwufEdkifrnfavm em;awmfavQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; aemifawmfonf igudk,fawmfjzpfawmhonf/ &vG,frnftaMumif;
udkpD&if[lí a&wyfMunf;wyfudkxyfíESif;awmfrlonf/ bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; nOfhaeUvkHU
vjyKawmfrlí NrdKUwGif;odkUqifpmjrufw½GufrQaomfvnf;aumif; vlpmpyg;wvkH; ç qefwaphrQaomf
vnf;aumif;roGif;&atmifpD&ifawmfrl\/ wvcefU&dSvQif NrdKUwGif;om;wdkUiwfrGwfí NrdKUwGif;ujyifwyf
odkU 0ifvSmukef\/ 0ifzefrsm;vwfaomf NrdKUpD;jypD;enf;í jynfbk&ifrif;acgifxdwfvefUawmfrl\/
,if;odkUvQif toufraoygrnftaMumif;ESifh vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;,lí ]]em*0&}}qif
aumif;ESifh q&mawmf &Sif"r®ygv*k½k &Sifwdomoebkef;awmfBuD;ESpfyg;udkxGufí avQmufvSm&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; ol\tjzpf&cJ;aMumif;udkaxmufawmfrlí toufudkcGifhjyKawmfrl
NyD;vQif ouú&mZf(904)udk;&mhav;cke,kefvqef;ig;&ufaeUwGifrª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUESifhwuG jynfbk&if
rif;acgifNrdKUuxGufíb0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;odkUudk,fudkaqmifESif;vSmonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; rif;acgifESifhwuG rdbk&m;oD&dbkef;xGwfudk auwkrwDrSmae&
onf/
armif;rrdóHrª;awmfrwfawmf ol&J;olcufaumif; qifaumif;jrif;aumif;wdkUudk odrf;,lawmfrlí
[Hom0wDaejynfawmfodkUydkU&onf/ jynfNrdKUudkrlum;-txdef;awmfowdk;"r®&mZmudk rif;a`r§mufwef;qm
ig;yg;ESifhwuGay;awmfrlí rif;jyK&onf/
,if;wdkUrS jynfaus;pGef ½GmvufwdkUudkcefUxm;awmfrlí uif;wdkuif;&Snfxm;NyD;rS 0gqdkv
[Hom0wDaejynfawmfodkU jyefawmfrlonf/
 186 jynfNrdKUüpHaeaomrif;wdkUtaMumif;

oa&acwå&mrnfaom jynfNrdKUtaMumif;um;-yk*He&oD[yawhw½kyfajy;rif;om;awmf oD[ol

onf ouú&mZf(604) ajcmuf&mhav;ckwGifwnfaxmifpjyKonf/ oD[olpnf;pdrf 42/ ouú&mZf(646)
ajcmuf&mhav;q,fhajcmufckwGif tedpöa&mufí nDawmfuspGmrif;jyKawmfrlonf/ uspGmpnf;pdrf 39/
ouú&mZf(685) ajcmuf&mh&Spfq,fhig;ckwGif tedpöa&mufí oif;wGJ;apm&efaemifudk yif;,pum; 7-
ausmif;'g,um ay;írif;jyK&onf/ apm&efaemifpnf;pdrf 54/ ouú&mZf(739) ckESpf&mhokH;q,fhudk;ck
wGif tedpöa&mufí xdkrif;aemifawmf jrif;pdkifa½Teef;&Sifom;awmfrif;BuD; rsufESm&Snfudk rif;BuD;pGm
apmuJ;ay;awmfrlírif;jyK&\/ rif;BuD;rsufESm&Snfpnf;pdrf 11/ ouú&mZf(750)ckESpf&mhig;q,fjynfhwGif
tedpaö &mufí rif;xD;vdIifudkrif;BuD;pGmapmuJ;ay;awmfrljyefonf/ rif;xD;vdIifpnf;pdrf 5/ ouú&mZf
(755)ckESpf&mhig;q,fhig;ckwGif tedpöa&mufí wvdkif;vufsmysHcsDBuD;udk rif;BuD;pGmapmuJ;ay;awmfrl
onf/ vufsmysHcsDBuD;pnf;pdrf 22/ ouú&mZf(777)ckESpf&mhckESpfq,fhckESpfckwGif tedpöa&mufí pkuúaw;
udkrif;acgifBuD;ay;awmfrlonf/ pkuúaw;pnf;pdrf 3v/ ouú&mZf(777) ckESpf&mhckESpfq,fhckESpfckwGif
rif;acgifom;awmf 'vqkH;rif;&J;ausmfpGmudk crnf;awmfrif;acgifBuD;ay;awmfrlonf/ rif;&J;ausmfpGm
pnf;pdrf 9-v/ ouú&mZf(778)ckESpf&mhckESpfq,fh&SpfckwGif crnf;awmfrif;acgifac:í tdrfa&SUay;awmf
rljyefvQif rif;&J;ausmfpGmnDawmfoD[oludk crnf;awmfbk&ifrif;acgifay;awmfrljyefonf/ oD[ol
pnf;pdrf 3-ESpf/ ouú&mZf(781)ckESpf&mh&Spfq,fhwckwGif crnf;awmfbk&ifrif;acgifac:awmfrlí aemif
awmfr&dSvQif tdrfa&SUay;awmfrlonf/ xdkouú&mZfwGifyif apma½Tcufudk rif;&J;ausmfpGm[laom trnf
ESifhay;awmfrlonf/ apma½Tcufrif;&J;ausmfpGmpnf;pdrf 6-ESpf/ ouú&mZf(787)ckESpf&m&Spfq,fhckESpfckwGif
tedpaö &mufí rif;r[mudk atmifyifv,fqkH; oD[oljynfNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/ rif;r[mpnf;pdrf 4/
ouú&mZf(791) ckESpf&mhudk;q,fhwckwGif rif;r[mudk pudkif;udkay;í xlyg½kH'g,umoD[oludk crnf;
awmfrdk;n§if;rif;w&m;ay;awmfrlonf/ oD[olpnf;pdrf 13-ESpf/ ouú&mZf(804)&Spf&mhav;ckwGif t0a½T
eef;udkwufawmfrlonf/ oD[olt0a½Teef;udk wufawmfrlvQif a,mufzawmfrif;&J;ausmfpGmudk jynfNrdKU
udkay;awmfrljyefonf/ rif;&J;ausmfpGmpnf;pdrf 3/ ouú&mZf(807)&Spf&mhckESpfckwGif rif;&J;ausmfpGmudk
om,m0wDudkay;jyefí om;awmf qifrsm;&Sif rif;BuD;pGmcHudkay;awmfrljyefonf/
rif;qifrsm;wGif EdkifiHjcm;írif;jyKawmfrlonf/ rif;qifrsm; 37-ESpf ouú&mZf(844) &Spf&mhav;
q,fhav;ckwGif tedpöa&mufawmfrlínDawmf qifjzL&Sifowdk;rif;apm om,m0wDuvmí r&D;awmfudk
rdbk&m;ajr§mufí rif;jyKawmfrlonf/ qifjzL&Sifowdk;rif;apm pnf;pdrf 44/ ouú&mZf(888)&Spf&mh&Spf
q,fh&SpfckwGif tedpöa&mufawmfrlí om;awmf bk&ifaxG;rif;jyKawmfrlonf/ bk&ifaxG;pnf;pdrf 6-ESpf/
ouú&mZf(894)&Spf&mhudk;q,fhav;ckwGif tedpöa&mufawmfrlíom;awmfe&ywdrif;jyKawmfrlonf/e&ywd
pnf;pdrf 6-ESpf/ ouú&mZf(900)udk;&mjynfhwGiftedpöa&mufawmfrlí nDawmfrif;acgifcH&Sifo&ufrif;jyK
awmfrlonf/ nDawmfrif;acgifcH&Sifo&ufpnf;pdrf 4-ESpf/ ouú&mZf(904)udk;&mhav;ckwGifeef;usonf/
xdkodkUbkef;vuf½kH;tmPmESifhjynfhpkHaom rif;wdkU\ae&mjzpfaom oa&acwå&mjynfBuD;udk bk&ifrif;
w&m; a½TxD;vkyfMuHawmfrlítvdkawmfjynfhonf/
 187 - tkef;aygifckHrdIif;eef;wufjcif;taMumif;

t0rSmvnf; xdkouú&mZfwGif odk[efbGm;udkrif;BuD;&efaemifvkyfMuHí tkef;aygifckHrdIif;BuD;om;

cHkrdIif;i,fudkeef;wifavonf/ t0bk&ifckHrIdif;? nDtkef;aygifapmfbGm; ç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm; ç rdk;aumif;
apmfbGm; wdkUvnf; þodkUwdkifyifMuukef\/ igwdkUjynfNrdKUudkppfulaomtcg Aef;armfapmfbGm; çanmifa½T
apmfbGm;wdkUudk riHhbJ; tvsiftaqmcsDacsaomaMumifh temtusifysufpD;&avonf/ a&aMumif;rSm
vnf;igwdkUu wdkufavS ç avSi,fwufi,fomjzpfacsonf/ oluZmvmuyif;wdkufavSBuD;rsm;acsaom
aMumifhigwdkUrwdk;a0SUEdkif&dSacsonf/
odkUjzpfaomaMumifh apmfbGm; 7-yg;vkH;pkí Zvmuyif; uwåKvGef;usift0rSm vkyfrnf/ NyD;vQif
Zvmuyif; waxmifausmfwGif ol&J;olcufwdkUudkpD;apí csDpdrfhrnf/ ukefavSig;&mwGifvnf;rdsK;&du©m
wifí,laqmifrnf/ Munf;aMumif;rSmvnf; apmfbGm; 7-yg;wGif&dSonf qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifhwuG csDrnf/
igwdkU&J;rufudk olwdkU&J;rufAdkvfyg wlEdkifrnfavm/ ,if;odkUpD&ifíjynfNrdKUudktvQifvkyfMuHrnf/ &vQif
jynfjrdKUwGif tcdkiftvHkaeapíawmifilodkUcsDapívkyfMuHrnf/ awmifiludk&vQif a&aMumif;Munf;aMumif;
[Hom0wDodkUcsDívkyfMuHrnf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;igwdkUvufu vGwfEdkifrnfavm[lí wdkifyifMuNyD;vQif
apmfbGm; 7-ckESpfyg;t0odkUqif;íavSwuftrsm;vkyfMuonf/ NyD;vQif rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; rdk;rdwf
apmfbGm;onfapmfbGm;ESpfOD;rSm wdkufavSBuD;Zvmuyif; okH;&m ç avSmfum; ausmhavSokH;&m ç ukefavS
ig;&m ç Adkvfygwodef;ESpfaomif;cefUa&aMumif;csD&onf/ tkef;aygifapmfbGm;ESifh apmfbGm;ig;OD;rlum;-
Munf;aMumif; wdkufqifwaxmifESpf&m ç jrif;waomif; ç ppfonfol&J;wodef; ajcmufaomif;ESifh
a&tm;Munf;tm; ouú&mZf(905)udk;&mhig;ckeawåmfvqef; 12-&ufaeUt0ujynfNrdKUodkUcsDawmfrlonf/
 188 - jynfNrdKUwGifapmfbGm; 7-OD;wdkU&HvSmí rif;w&m;a½TxD;wdkufykH

apmfbGm; 7-yg;a&tm;Munf;tm; qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESihfcsDvSmaMumif;udk jynfpm;owdk;"r®

&mZmu b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;odkUavQmufvSm&\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; jynfNrdKUESifheD;aom w½kyf
armfulwGwf ç [if;omw ç "EkjzL ç vdkif ç armfyD ç om,m0wDonfNrdKUrsm;udkom ol&J;olcufESifhwuG
tajrmufaoewfajymif;jrwylwdkU,lapí jynfNrdKUwGif;ujynfpm;ESifhtwlcHí ae&\/ &du©mrsdK;aphvnf;
twGif;odkUoGif;íae&\/
apmfbGm; 7-yg;wdkUonf NrdKUodkUa&mufvQifa&tm;Munf;tm;NrdKUudkwufonf/ NrdKUxdyfut
ajr§mufaoewf pdefajymif;jrwylESifhvTwfvQif vlolqifjrif; taotaysmufrsm;av\/
a&wyfrSmvnf;NrdKUxdyfupdefajymif;jrwylESifh vTwfvQif uGJ;avepfav\/ þodkUtBudrftbef
rsm;pGmvkyfMuHaomfvnf; r&Edkif/ txdtyg;taotaysmufrsm;vQif NrdKUucGmía&wyfMunf;wyf0ef;&Hí
aeav\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a&TxD;vnf; apmfbGm;wdkUa&wyfMunf;wyf0ef;&Honfrsm;vSonf Mum;vQif
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm paomrª;awmfrwfawmf a'gAnm;taygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí wdkifyifawmf
rlonf/
 190 - jynfNrdKUodkU [Hom0wDucsDwufykH

bk&ifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; aemifawmfausmfxifaemf&xmudk tvQifpD&if[lí trdefUawmf&dS

onf/ bk&ifaemifvnf; wvdkif;okH;&yfa&mufnDvQif a&wyfMunf;wyfcsDrnfudk pD&ifawmfrlonf/
a&wyfrSm ordefjAydkufwwyf ç eE´ausmfxifwwyf ç ordef;&J;oif&Hwwyf ç bk&ifrif;w&m;a½TxD;rSm
bkHwq,fhwqifh&dSaom a½Tabmifawmfudk pD;awmfrlía½TavSmfum; &Spfpif;iif&onf/ a½TavSmfum; 32-
pif;wGif a0gjymom'fa0gyvmpaom rif;aqmif ç rif;a,mif ç rif;crf; ç rif;em;wifí vuf0J;vufsm
a&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ 0if;rª;av;OD;wdkUudkvnf; rdrdudk,f&onfh avSmfum; avSrSwfESifh vuf0J;vufsm
a&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ Zvmuyif;ul½GyforÁef wdkufavSrsm;wGif ol&J;ajy;vkyfapNyD;vQif a½T'dkif;a½TvSH
pdkufapí ol&J;olcufaumif;wdkUudk rsOf;euf arSmufwdkeD ç rsOf;eD arSmufwdkeuf 0wfapí vdkuf&onf/
ukvm; yef;ao;wdkUudkvnf; txl;xl;aom OD;&pfabmif;bDwdkUjzifh wef;qmqif,if0wfpm;apípdef
ajymif;jrwyl pGJ;apívdkuf&onf/ wyfawmfwGif eE´oMuøudkwyfrª;/ b,eE´oludk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrl
onf/ aemufawmf ucsD&onf wyfpOfum;- oD&daZ,sausmfxif wwyf ç ordef ZdyfyGefwwyf ç b,
ausmfolwwyf ç tJ;rGefw&m wwyf ç eE´ausmfol wwyf ç r[mBuD;wwyf ç onfajcmufwyfudk
aemufawmfucsD&onf/ wyfawmfESifhwuG wyfaygif; 12-wyfwGifygonfhZvmuyif; uwåKvGef;usif&Spf
&m ç avSmfum;oHavS okH;&m ç &du©mwifukefavSig;&m ç ppfonfol&J;udk;aomif;ESifh pnfBuD;vif;uGif;
paom ykHarmif;c&mwD; rIwfvsuf jrpfvkH;yJhwifxyfrQ prÜm,fpGmcsDawmfrlonf/
Munf;wyfrSm vufsm&J;wdkif;jrif;wwyf ç wk&ifausmfol jrif;wwyf ç vufsma,mf"mjrif;wwyfç
&mZwrefjrif;wwyf ç onfjrif;av;wyfudka&SUcsD&onf/ aemufordefz½lwwyf çapmvuGef;tdefw
wyfç &mZoMuøwwyf ç aersdK;ausmfxifwwyf ç pwkumrPdwwyf ç ordefy&J; wwyf ç Anm;usef;w
wyf onfaemufrS bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmwyfrjyKícsDawmfrlonf/ jrif;wyf ç av;wyfESifhwuG
wyfaygif; 14-wyfwGif ygonfh wdkufqif&Spf&m ç jrif;ESpfaxmif ç ppfonfol&J; wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh
om,m0wDaMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ om,m0wDodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif Munf;a&buf íaeawmfrlonf/
 192 - omoemydkifcefUtyfjyKpkawmfrlaMumif;

xdkouú&mZf(906)udk;&mhajcmufck ewfawmfv a½Teef;awmf&ifjyifawmfwGif a½TvTwfawmfaqmuf

awmfrlonf/ xdkouú&mZf ewfawmfvwGifyif a½Tbk&m;xm;aom jymom'feef;wGif;wGifaqmuf&onf/
[Hom0wDtaemufbuf rGefausmif;t&yfudk ausmif;&H 70-ESifhwuG aqmufawmfrlí rGefq&mudkr[m
oCF&mZm[laom wHqdyfESifhvªawmfrlonf/ omoemydkifvnf; xnfhawmfrlonf/ t&n0goDyk*d¾Kvf
*gr0goDyk*d¾KvfwdkUudkvnf; yifhawmfrlí y&du©&m&Spfyg;ESifhwuG rsm;pGmaom 0w¦KwdkUudkvªawmfrlonf/
xdkouú&mZf(906)udk;&mhajcmufckwGifyif qifNrdKUt&yfü bk&m;apwDwnfawmfrlí wHwdkif;av;rsufESm
wGifvnf; a½Tausmif;av;ausmif;t&HESifhwuG aqmufawmfrlonf/ oufawmfaph yOöif;28-yg;vnf;cH
awmfrlonf/ xdkouú&mZfwGifyif ajrmif;jrpm; ordefz½l;vGefí wvdkif;wdkUqH&dwfukefonf/
 193 - pvif;üvkvifausmfrª;ykefuefjcif;

xdkouú&mZfwGifyif pvif;NrdKUudkpm;aom tcsDawmfpnfolausmfxifpvif;udktvsifpm;aom

pnfolausmfxifuRefvkvif ausmfrª;wdkUtavsmhudkMunfhí ykefuefaomif;usef;av\/ ½kH;rdorQaom
aus;uRefqifjrif;ESifhtjyif;cGgcJhí awmifilodkUa&mufvSmonf/
vkvifausmfrª;wdkUvnf; yJ;ul;pnfolausmfxifajy;vQif rdrdt&Sifa[mif; pnfolausmfxifudk
t0rSmcsDyifhí pvif;NrdKUudkpm;&av\/ onftaMumif;rsm;udk rif;w&m;a½TxD;Mum;awmfrlvQif awmifil
rif;wwyfç jynfrif;wwyfç ajrwJ;pm;wwyfç pnfolausmfxifwwyfç onfav;wyfudk wdkufqif w&mh
ig;q,fç jrif;ESpfaxmif ç ppfonfol&J;ckESpfaomif;ESifh pvif;odkUcsD&avonf/ a&mufvQif ausmufppf
[laomt&yfwGif wyfcsíaeonf/ pvif;rif;pnfolausmfxifvnf; [Hom0wDuppfonfa&mufaMumif;
udkodvQif qifcspfjrwfuJ;udkpD;í qifajcbkH;vlokH;axmifç jrif;okH;&mESifh NrdKUuxGufvSm\/ yJ;ul;pnfol
ausmfxifvnf; jrif;okH;&mudka&SUcsDapí wyfuxGufícsD\/ pvif;pnfolausmfxifuRef&Sifarmufausmf
tBuD;jyKí BudKvSmonfudkawGUíwdkufMuonf/ ,if;odkUonfwGif yJ;ul;pnfolausmfxif aygufausmf
aZ,s [laomqifudkpD;íwdkufonf/ pvif;pnfolausmfxifuvnf; cHíwdkufonf/ t&yftaeroifhacs
íyJ;ul;pnfolausmfxifa½GUacsonf/ aygufausmfaZ,sqifudkvnf; vSHcsufokH;q,fusacsí qD;tkyfwyf
odkUjyefvSmonf/ pvif;rif;pnfolausmfxifvnf; NrdKUwGif;odkU a&mufawmfrlvQif yJ;ul;om;wyfrSm nOfh
udkvSmíqdkvSmonf/ eufbefigpnfolausmfxifvSmíwdkufrnf/ Munf;aMumif;ajy;aomfvnf; pvif;
qdyfBuD;wGifíomeifwdkUyJ;ul;om;ypmudkysHí oGm;Edkifrnfenf;[k [pfvSm&onf/ yJ;ul;pnfolausmfxif
vnf;ukd,fwGif txdtyg;rsm;aomaMumifh pum;Mum;p½kH;ae&mu twl[pf&onf/ eufbef pnfol
ausmfxif trSefxGufvSmvnfh igpnfolausmfxifudkwdkufrnf/ a½GUEdkifrnfavm[k[pfjyef&\/
 194 - pnfolausmfxif 2-a,mufqifpD;csif;wdkufykH

yJ;ul;pnfolausmfxif pD;aomaygufausmfaZ,sqifonf tcsuft&mrsm;aomaMumifh tom;

wdkUonf ,yf,yf&dS&dSa<uusacsonf/ rdk;aomufvQif aygufausmfaZ,semvSaomaMumifh "EkjzLpm;
qifudk pD;&onf/ qifajcbkH;vSH&SnfudkokH;axmifç jrif;okH;&mausmfESifh wyfuxGufonf/ pvif;pnfol
ausmfxifvnf; qifcspfjrwfuJ;udkpD;í &Sifrefatmifukef ukef;v,fwifonf/ qifajcbkH;vSH&Snfudkif
okH;&mç jrif;okH;&mESifh xGufvSm\/ qD;tkyfwGif ppfqkdifíwdkufMuonf/ qifajcbkH;csif;wbufwcsuf
ckwfMu&mwGif &Sifarmufausmfudkckwfrdí yGJ;wGifyifqkH;avonf/ qifajcbkH;wdkUvnf; &SifarmufausmfqkH;
vQif u&J;uoDuGJ;av\/ qifajcbkH;wdkUa½GUonfudk yJ;ul;pnfolausmfxifjrifvQif qifESifhtjyif;xdk;í
pvif;pnfolausmfxifwdkufqifudkwdkufav\/ pvif;rif;vnf; tyef;wBuD;qD;ícHonf/ qiftm;
rwefí pvif;rif;pD;aomqifvnfíajy;av\/ yJ;ul;pnfolausmfxifvnf; qifESifh tjyif;vdkufxyfí
igyJ;ul;pnfolausmfxifvdkufonfudk pvif;pnfolausmfxifb,fodkUajy;rnfenf;[líqdk\/ qifcsif;eD;
vQif pvif;rif;pnfolausmfxif ukH;v,fpD;&Sifrmefatmifxdk;avonf/ yJ;ul;pnfolausmfxifarSmufvl
arSmufwdkabmufí ebl;wGifpyg;waxmufcefU&dSacs\/ rsufESmwGif aoG;jzmjzmpD;í &dSaomfvnf; r&yf
raevdkufíwdkufvQif pvif;pnfolausmfxifrcHEdkifí ajy;av\/ ukH;v,fpD;&Sifrmefatmifvnf;
qifuavsmusí udk,fudktvGwfcGav\/ ,if;odkUvQif pvif;ppfonftvkH;ysufí &J;rufawmfwdkU
NrdKUwGif;odkU0ifíwdkufav\/ pvif;pnfolausmfxifvnf; qifwpD;wnf;ESifhom aus;uRefwpkHw
a,mufrQryg avmif&SnfaMumif;ajy;av\/ awmt&yfodkUa&mufvQif a&iwfawmfrlaomaMumifh qifu
qif;ía&aomufonfudk pD;qifyifvdkufía0SUav\/ rif;vnf; 0g;½kHyifMum;odkU ajy;0ifívGwfav
onf/ qifukdbrf;aomfvnf; r&vGwfav\/
pnfolausmfxifrlum;- udk,fwckwnf;awmwGifaeonfudk csif;½dkif;wdkUawGUvQif brf;írdk;n§if;
pvkHodkUqufav\/ rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;vnf; aoG;aomufjzpf&avonf/ rnfonfudkrQrpdk;&drfESifh t0udk
&atmifwdkufíigeef;wifrnfqkd\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; wvdkif;qHjzwfawmfrlíwvdkif;rif;wdkUtvdk
ordeftiGwf[laom OD;aAmifudkaqmifawmfrlonf/
 195 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;wvdkif;qHjzwfjcif;taMumif;

qHjzwfawmfrlaomtaMumif;um; - [Hom0wDwGif wvdkif;ol<u,fwa,muf&dS\/ xdkol<u,f

wGif EGm;ig;axmifausmfcefU&dSonf/ xdkjcHwGifEGm;rwckonfy#doaE¨&dSíaeUvaphvQiftqif;t*Fg vu©
PmBuD;i,fESifh jynfhpkHaom oli,frwa,mufudkbGm;onf/ ,if;odkUbGm;vQif trdEGm;rvnf; tjcm;
EGm;rsm;jcHuxGufoGm;aomfvnf; rxGufroGm;aeav\/ xdktaMumif;ukdjrifí Munfh½Iaomftjyiftvsm
ESifh jynfhpkHaom oli,frudkjrifí ol<u,f,líarG;av\/ t½G,fodkUa&mufvQif acrdaem[laomtrnfudk
orkwfí ol<u,fwGif om;orD;r&dSaomaMumifh orD;jyKíwef;qmyvmtxdkuftavQmuf qif,if0wf
pm;vQif tqif;oP²mefewforD;uJhodkUxifukef\/ xdkoli,fr ckESpfESpft½G,fodkUa&mufaomf rif;w&m;
a½TxD;O,smOfxGufawmfrl&mwGifjrifawmfrlí tolorD;enf;ar;awmfrlonfudk wvdkif;ol<u,frBudKufwdkU
orD;[líem;awmfavQmuf\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; a&SUay;bl;aomuHaphpyfonfjzpfí tvGefwdrf;ruf
awmfrlonf/ jyefawmfrlvQif ol<u,forD;udk,lí eef;wifawmfrlav\/ xdkoli,frudk oem;awmfrlí
tyg;awmfwGifrjywfapyg;awmfrl\/ xdkoli,frvnf; wvdkif;wdkUvufwGifBuD;aomaMumifh wvdkif;wdkU
bmomtjyKtrludk BudKufESpfoufonfjzpfí wvdkif;rif;wdkUwef;qmwifhw,fonf/ jrefrmrif;wdkU\
wef;qmrwifhw,f[líavQmufbefrsm;vwfaomf oabFmom;b,ifusDudkeef;wGif;odkUrjywf ac:awmfrl
vsuf apygawmfrl&mwGif aomufpm;awmfrlacsonfESifh wvdkif;qHjzwfawmfrlonf[líqdkonf/ tcsdKUpm
rSm wvdkif;jynfrSm jrefrmOD;pGef;txGufrjyK&acs/ wvdkif;wdkUrif;jyKvrnf usdef;cef;odkufedrdwfonf[lí
ynm&dSwdkUavQmufaomaMumifh wvdkif;qHjzwfonf[lívnf;qdkavonf/
 196 - OD;uif;zGifhbGJUtrnfay;tcrf;tem;rsm;

ouú&mZf(907)udk;&mhckESpfckwGif wyifwdkifjymom'faqmufawmfrlí &mZbdaoucHawmfrlonf/

,if;aomtcg &wemudk;yg;jzifhNyD;aom toGef;waxmif&dSaom ordefwiGwf[laom rudk#fudk aqmif;
awmfrlí wvkH;wnf;aom jrem;a×mif;udk0wfawmfrlonf/ e0&wfudk;yg;jzifhNyD;aom r[mrPd[laom
'k,ifudkvnf; 0wfawmfrlonf/ xD;jzLvusfmav;pif; ç vuf0J;av;pif; ç rif;'ufwGifrm&bif ½GufokH;
qifhjcL;Advm; tcsuft½dk;wHç &wemtwdNyD;aom xD;jzL&Spfpif; ç txG#ftcsufywÅjrm;pDaom a½Ttwd
jyD;aom usdKif;csuf&Spfpif; ç jrefrmrif; {u&mZfwdkU\ taqmifta,mifç rif;crf; ç rif;em;tukef
wvdkif;rif;{u&mZfwdkU\ taqmifta,mifç rif;crf; ç rif;em;tukef vuf0J;awmfvusfmawmfusif;yí
xm;&onf/
ausmfxifaemf&xm crnf;awmf awmifilbk&if rif;&J;oD[oludkvnf; rif;aqmifç rif;a,mifç
rif;crf; ç rif;em; tpkH a0ga½Tcsufav;pif;ESifh xGufpnf0ifpnf ay;awmfrl\/ vufsmawmfu,SOfíae&
onf/
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmudkvnf; uGrf;cGuf&Spfajr§mifhç ywåjrm;w&pfpDçuGrf;vdyfuGrf;avmifç
uGrf;bl; ç ywåjrm;pDaomufawmfwaumif;bkH;&Spfajr§mifhç ywåjrm;pDa&Taomufa&wifç a&Ttdk;yspftajymuf
csnfç qifa&TBudK; ç a&Tuaygif;0ef; ç jrif;a&TBudK;a&Tua0gyvma&TcsufESpfpif; ç pnfudk;vkH; çaiGESJ;aiGc&m
ig;pif;ay;awmfrlonf/ ae&mvnf;tdrfa&SUrif;wdkU\ae&mwGif csdKifhae&mESifh tkH;0ef;okH;qifhay;awmfrlí
ae&onf/
ausmfxifaemf&xmnDawmf oD&daZ,sausmfxifudkvnf; a½TuGrf;cGuf&Spfajr§mufwGif tyGwft
ñGwfç uGrf;bl; ç uGrf;vdyfç uGrf;avmifç aomufa&waumif;bkH;&Spfajr§mifhç a½TaxG;cHç oHvsif; ç wvJ;
udk;0ef;a&Tcsufwpif; ç qifaygif;0ef; ç a&TBudK;uç xGufpnfckESpfvkH; ç ESJ;okH;pif; ç c&mESpfpif;ay;awmf
rlonf/ ae&mvGwfvnf;ae&onf/ 'Gg&m0wDtdrfjzL&Sifb,eE´rdwfom;awmf ouf&SnfausmfxifBuD;
orD;awmfESifhvnf; pkHbufawmfrlonf/
ausmfxifaemf&xmnDvwf eE´a,mf"mudkvnf; a&TuGrf;cGufwGiftyGwftnGwfç uGrf;bl; ç
uGrf;vdyftpkHç waumif;bkH; ç vbuftdk; ç rdk;BudK;axG;cHç oHvsif; ç &yf0ef;ç qifaygif;0ef; ç
a½Tcsufwpif; ç pnfig;vHk; ç ESJokH;pif; ç c&mESpfpif;ay;awmfrlonf/ ae&mvGwfae&onf/ jynfbk&if
axG;orD;awmf pvif;pnfolausmfxifrdbk&m;ESifhvnf; pkHbufawmfrlonf/
ausmfxifaemf&xmnDawmf aZ,seE´udk uGrf;cGufç vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç axG;cHç qif
aygif;0ef; ç usdKif;csufç pnfig;vkH; ç ESJ;okH;pif; ç c&mESpfpif;ay;awmfrlí ae&mvGwfae&onf/ jynf
bk&ifaxG;aemufrdbk&m;wGifjrifaom orD;awmfav;uRef;rdbk&m;ESifhvnf; pkHbufawmfrlonf/
xdkrSwyg; rif;aqGpdk;rsdK;rª;awmf rwfawmf wvdkif;&Srf;a'gAnm;taygif;wdkUudkvnf; t&nf
toGm;tavsmufuGrf;cGufç vufbuftdk; waumif;bkH; ç axG;cHç oHvsif; ç wvJ;ig;0ef; ç udk;0ef; ç
xD;anmif½Guf wqifhESpfqifhokH;qifhusdKif;csufç qifaygif;0ef; ç pnftxdkuftavsmufoem;awmfrlí
vuf0J;vufsmae&mrSwftwdkif;ae&onf/
þokdU qdkcJhNyD;aom tpDtpOfvQifjzifh OD;uifo&mZmyv’ifüaeawmfrlaomtcg ok"r®mewf
obifü odMum;rif;\toa&uJhodkU tvGefwifhw,fawmfrlonf/ ckESpf&ufwdkifwdkifobifcHawmfrlí
*gr0goDyk*¾dKvf? t&n0goDyk*d¾KvfwdkUtm; y&du©&m&Spfyg;ESifh qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlívªbG,f vªcif;trsm;
vªawmfrlonf/ &mZbdaoucHí wv&dSvQif &wema½TazmifawmfpD;í ppft*Fgav;yg;ESifh a&tm;Munf;
tm; '*kHbk&m;&SifodkUtzl;tjrifxGufawmfrlonf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif a½Ttdk;udk av;axmifhrsufyg;cwf
apí xD;cs&m;oD;uonf ajrwdkifatmifa½Txnfhawmfrlonf/ &ufvnfatmifobifcHawmfrlonf/
 197 - &cdkifjynfodkUppfulcsDwufykH

xdkouú&mZf(907) udk;&mhckESpfckwGif wvdkif;okH;&yf tvGefpnfyifom,mvSonf/ xdkouú&mZf

wGif &cdkifbk&ifvGefí om;tdrfa&SUOy&mZmrif;jyKonfudk &cdkifbk&ifnDoHwGJ;pm;onf pdwfrnDí rusdK;
rEGHjyKaomaMumifh&efppfjzpfMuaomf &cdkifbk&ifnDtm;rwefíb0&Sifrif;w&m;ajc&if;awmfodkUvufaqmif
vufeuftrsm;ESifh ppfulawmfrlyg[lí trwfESpfa,mufudkavQmuf&\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf;
ppfwl&*folwwyfç ordeftJ;y&J;wwyfç ordefjzwfpwwyfç ordefarmcGifwwyfç onfav;wyfwdkUudk
wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç ppfonfol&J;av;aomif;ESifhwuG ppfuloHwGJ;odkUcsD&avonf/ &J;ruf
awmfwdkUra&mufcif &cdkifbk&ifom; a&aMumif;Munf;aMumif;oHwGJ;odkUcsDvSmíwdkufavaomaMumifh
&cdkifbk&ifnDa½Tb0g;awmfatmufodkUa&mufvsm\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; &cdkifbk&ifnDoHwGJ;pm;
udk rpdk;&drfESifh igudk,fawmfrí olaumif;jyKawmfrlrnf[k rdefUawmfrl\/ ppfulcsDvSmaom ordefjzwfp
wdkUav;wyfom;udkvnf; vdkufíac:&av\/
 198 - &cdkifodkUudk,fawmfwdkifxyfrHcsDwufykH

,if;odkUrS bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmavQmufonf/ a&tm;Munf;tm;csDawmfrlí awmifurf;

BuD;onfESifh c&D;vrf;aMumif;cufvSonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;ukd,fawmf a&aMumif;csDawmfrlrSta&;awmf
oifhrnf/ waMumif;rSmvnf; &cdkifom;wdkUonf avSt&mü usifhvnfvSonf/ avSwyftm;BuD;rSoifh
rnf[kem;awmfavQmufvQif oifhatmifpD&ifav[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg a&aMumif;csD&aom
wyfpOfum; - ykodefpm;ordefjAydkufwwyfç oHvQifpm; eE´ausmfxifwwyfç "EkjzLpm; ordef&J;oif&H
wwyfç 'vpm; oD&daZ,saemf&xm wwyfç cJ;aygifpm; ordefoHus,fwwyfç 0ef;NrdKUpm; ordeftJ;e&J;
wwyfç ojrif;wkHpm;eE´a,mf"mwwyfç onf 7-wyfudka&SUcsD&onf/ ,if;urSb0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;
rSm bkHwq,fhwqifh&dSaom jymom'fESifhwuGa½TabmifawmfpD;ícsDawmfrlonf/ a½Tabmifawmfudk a½T
avSmfum;a&SU&Spfpif; aemuf&Spfpif;iif&onf/ avSmfum; pufuGif;ESpf&mwGif rif;aqmifç rif;a,mif ç
rif;crf; ç rif;em;wdkUudkwifí abmifawmf0ef;usifvdkuf&onf/ Zvmuyif;ul½GwforÁefwGif a½T'dkif;ç
a½TvTm; ç a½Tumç a½TvSHpdkufítajrmufBuD;jrwyludkwifNyD;vQif 0if;awmfav;rsufESmom;wdkUudk vuf0J;
vufsm a&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ wyfrawmfwGif eE´oMuøudkwyfrª; b,eE´oludkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
0if;rª;av;OD;wdkUudkvnf; rdrdwdkU&onfhavSmfum;avSrSwfESifhvdkuf&onf/ aemufawmfucsD&aom wyfpOf
um;-Z½GJ;tkHNrdKUpm; oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyfç wdkufukvm;pm; ordefaZmfu&yfwwyfç ppfawmif;pm;
r[mBuD;wwyfç ,Gef;pvif;pm; ordefZdwfyGefwwyfç v,mpm;b,ausmfolwwyfç 0ifa,mfpm;
tJ;rGefw,mwwyfç a,;NrdKUpm; eE´ausmfolwwyfç onf 7-wyfudkaemufucsD&onf/ wyfrawmfESifh
wuG wyfaygif; 15-wyfwGifygonfh Zvmuyif; paomwdkufavSckESpf&mç avSmum;oHavSig;&mç &du©m
wifukefavSig;&mç ppfonfol&J;okH;odef;ig;aomif;ESifh pnfBuD;cGufcGif;c½koif;wdkUjzifhjrpfvkH;yJhwifxyfrQ
csDawmfrlonf/
Munf;aMumif;rSmwk&ifodef;pnfjrif;wwyfç wk&ifa,mf"mjrif;wwyfçwk&ifAvjrif;wwyfçonf
aemuf vif;yaw;pm;oa&pnfolwwyfç w½kyfarmfpm;ysHcsDwwyfç pvif;pm;pnfolausmfxifwwyfç
rif;wkHwdkif;wmudkpm;aom rif;ausmfxifwwyfç om,m0wDpm; aemf&xmwwyfç pvif;pm;ordefy&H
wwyfç ajrmif;jrpm; pwkumrPdwwyfç v0ef;jynfpm;eE´ol&d,wwyfç tpkwfNrdKUpm; ordeftJ;y&J;
wwyfç '*kHNrdKUpm; Anm;usef;axmwwyfç onfaemufrS bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmwyfrjyKícsDawmf
rlonf/ jrif;wyfç av;wyfESifhwuG wyfaygif;ESpfq,fwGifygonfh wkdufqifajcmuf&mç jrif;ESpfaxmifç
ppfonfol&J; av;aomif;ESifh vif;yawhaMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wDaejynfawmfudk b,umrPd
ESifh Anm;tdefudk tvkH;t&if;ESifhtapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wDta&SUbufwvTm;udkvnf;
armfvNrdKifpm;apmAnm;OD;ESifh oHvdkufudktvkH;t&if;ESifhtapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/ awmifilrif; rif;&J;
oD[oludkvnf; ta&SU&Srf;ESifheD;onfudkaMumif;jyKíawmifilNrdKYwGif tcdkiftvkHae&onf/ yk*Hudkpm; aom
pkuúaw; ç pavudkpm;aom b,ausmfolç awmifwGif;BuD;udkpm;aom em;awmif;rsm; ç onfrif;
rsm;udkvnf; t0ESifheD;onfudktaMumif;jyKí rdrdwdkUpm;onfNrdKUwGiftvkHae&onf/ jynfrif;owdk;"r®
&mZmudkvnf; jynfNrdKUwGiftcdkiftvkHae&onf/
þodkUaom EdkifiHawmftvkH;udkpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí ouú&mZf(908)udk;&mh&Spfck wefaqmifrkef;v
qef;av;&uf 2-vmaeU a&aMumif;Munf;aMumif;csDawmfrlonf/
rif;w&m;a½TxD;csDaMumif;udk &cdkifbk&ifMum;vQif oHwGJ;aeapaom uwåKvGef;usifESifhBudKíwdkuf
vSm&onf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD; &J;rufawmfa&SUzsm;csDaom ykodefpm;ajrmif;wlpm;wdkUESifhawGUí wdkufMu
vQif &cdkifom;wdkUtrf;í&dSav\/ ,if;okdUpOfwGif &J;rufawmfa&wyfom;wdkUa&mufíwdkufvQif &cdkifom;
wdkUrcHEdkifíoHwGJ;odkUtvsifqkwfav\/ &J;rufawmfa&wyfom;wdkUaemufxyfvdkufíwdkufonf/ avS
wuftrsm;&awmfrl\/ &cdkifom;wdkUvnf; oHwGJ;NrdKUucHíwdkufrnfjyKpOfwGif bk&ifaemifawmfwdkU Munf;
aMumif;csDvSmonf/ ppftiftm;rsm;vSonf[kMum;vQif oHwGJ;NrdKUwGifrcH0Hhí&cdkifNrdKUodkUqkwfcGgav\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; oHwGJNrdKUudk&awmfrlvQif oHwGJ;NrdKUaus;vufom;wdkU½GmwGif rae0hHíawm
odkUajy;avukefaomolwdkUudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;ajcawmf&if;wGif &cdkifbk&ifnDoHwGJ;pm;ygaMumif;udk
pma&;í oHwGJ;pm;uRefwdkUudkyif apawmfrlíac:&av\/ aus;vufom;wdkUvnf; oHwGJ;pm;ygaMumif;udk
twwfodvQif 0ifpm;vSmukef\/ aus;vufom;wdkUa&mufvQif&cdkifbk&ifnD rif;ausmfxifudkxm;cJhí
oHwGJ;wGifae&onf/
 199 - &cdkifbk&ifuBudKíwdkufvSmykH

,if;odkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS a&tm;Munf;tm; &cdkifodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ &cdkifodkUra&mufcif

ESpfpcef;avmufwGif &cdkifbk&ifu a&aMumif;Munf;aMumif; qifvkH;jrif;&if; avSwyftrsm;ESifhBudKvSm
onfudk Munf;aMumif;udk Munf;aMumif;csif;/ a&aMumif;udka&aMumif;csif; awGUMuav\/Munf;aMumif;
rSm jrif;wyfav;wyfESifh vif;yawhaMumif;csD&onf/ ppfzsm;csif;wdkufrdvQif taMumuft½GHUr&dS½Gyf½GyfcRHcRH
vdkufíwdkufav\/ &cdkifppfom;wdkUvnf;cHíwdkufonf/ renf;MumvQif qifcif; ç jrif;cif;romaom
aMumifh jrif;awmfonfwdkU vGifv[modkUxGufí aeukef\/ ,if;odkUpOfwGif vif;yawhpm;udkolu pdef
ajymif;jrwylESifh vTwfvdkufonf/ MunfaphoifhíqkH;acsonf/ vif;yawhpm;qkH;cJhvQif wyfom;wdkU qkwf
acsonf/ xdkodkUqkwf&mwGif bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmwdkU txyfxyfa&mufvSmí wdkufawmfrlvQif
&cdkifom;wdkUysufav\/ qifjrif;okHUyef;vlol&awmfrlonfrsm;\/ vufeufud&d,mvnf;rsm;pGm&awmf
rl\/ aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/ Munf;wyfom;ysufvQif a&aMumif;om;rcH0Hhí &cdkifodkUtjyif;qefav
\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a&TxD;vnf; &cdkifodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif NrdKUudka&tm;Munf;tm; wufaponf
r&acs/ &cdkifNrdKUonf awmifxdyfrSmvnf;jzpfonf/ jrdKUvnf;cdkifonf/ usHK;ajrmif;vnf; us,fonf/
vufeufud&d,mvnf; xlxyfvSonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh tBudrftbefrsm;pGmvkyfMuHawmfrlaomf
vnf;NrdKUudkr&acs/ ,if;odkU&awmfrrlvQif NrdKUudkMunf;a&0ef;&Híaeawmfrlonf/ aemufvQif &Hwyfudk
opfNrdKUpdkufapí jyvuf&ef;aqmufapNyD;vQif pdefajymif;jrwylBuD;wdkUudk jyvuf&ef;xdyfupDpOfí aeUpOf
&ufqufrD;aygufrdk;½Gmap\/ ,if;odkUvkyfBuD;MuHrpD&ifawmfrlvQif &cdkifbk&ifom;vnf; igrif;jzpfonf
rMum;ao; trª;trwfwdkUonf ighudknDnGwfoolvnf;&dSonf oludknDnGwfoolvnf;&dSonf/ ,ckrif;
w&m;a½TxD;csDvSmonfvnf; qifjrif;Adkvfygtm;BuD;vSonf/ &SnfMumaomfcHEdkifrnfr[kwf/ ta&;NyD;
vG,frSoihfrnftMuH&dSí ½dkaoc,rf;pGmaompum;jzifhpmpDí yPÖmum&trsm;ESifhtrwfESpfa,mufudk
wyfawmfodkUapíavQmufvSm&\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; oHwGJ;pm;udk igríolaumif;jyKrnft
rdefUawmf&dSacsonf/ igta&;ray;omrdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif &cdkifbk&ifoHwdkUudk wyfwdkif;tpDtrHwdkUudk vSnfh
íMunfhapNyD;rS vTwfawmfrlíNrdKUwGif;okdU0if&av\/ oHwdkUa&mufí wyfawmifwmcdkifvkHaMumif; &J;ruf
Adkvfygrsm;aMumif; vkyf&nfMuH&nf tpDtrHcJ,Of;aMumif;udk &cdkifbk&ifMum;vwfaomf tom;pm;vwHh
odkUaMumuf½GHUjyif;pGmjzpfav\/
 200 - &cdkifbk&ifu ta&;awmif;apvTwfykH

q&mawmfav;yg;udk ta&;NyD;vG,fatmifrdefUawmfrlyg[líavQmuf\/ &cdkifbk&ifq&mav;yg;

vnf; ydwf&rwdç ywåKeDç o[Hç ok*E¨&mç cgomç u&yfç aZmfw&yfç rl&D paomtkyfrsdK;xnfrsdK;wdkUudk
rsm;pGm vlwaxmifausmfxrf;apí qufvSm&onf/ t&Sifbk&ifaemifawmfausmfxifaemf&xmwyfodkUoGm;
í r[m"r®&mZfrif;jrwfudk zl;awGUcsifygonf[lírdefUawmfrlonf/ bk&ifaemifawmfwyfu b0&Sifrif;
w&m;wyfodkU a&mufítpDtrHudkjrifvQifh tHhMoukef\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; bkef;BuD;wkdUxGufvSm
aomtaMumif;um;-yodkUenf;[líar;awmfrlonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;uvnf; taMumif;ig;yg;ESifhtnD
a&mufvSmygonf[líavQmuf\/ taMumif;ig;yg;[lonf tokdUenf;[líar;awmfrl&onfudk &cdkifrif;
q&mawmfav;yg;avQmufonf/
 201 - &cdkifq&mawmfqdktaMumif;ig;yg;

(1) taMumif;ig;yg;[lonfum; - ,ckomoe'g,umawmfr[m"r®&mZfrif;jrwfonf &cdkif

bk&ifom;ESifhnDrMunf&dSíwdkufvHMu&mwGif &cdkifbk&ifhnDonf r[m"r®&mZfw&m;rif;jrwfxHawmfodkU
0ifavaomaMumifh tvkH;t&if;qifjrif;trsm;ESifh a&tm;Munf;tm;csDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ &cdkif
NrdKUudk om;qufírif;jyKaomxkH;pHtpOf&dSonf/ ,ck &cdkifbk&ifr&dSvQif xkH;pHESifhtnDom;rif;jyKonfudk
&cdkifbk&ifnDoHwGJ;pm;onf xkH;pHudkzsufíaomif;usef;ykefuefavaomaMumifh &cdkifbk&ifom;ucsnf;tkH
nDí wdkufvHMuavonfESifh r[m"r®&mZfw&m;rif;jrwfxHawmfodkU rcHEdkifíwdk;0ifavonfudk igrí
olaumif;jyKrnftrdefUawmf&dSí ,ckcsDawmfrlvSmonf/ &cdkifjynfBuD;udk tvdkawmfjynfhvQif &cdkifbk&if
om;udkeef;csí &cdkifbk&ifnDudk eef;wifawmfrlacsaomf &cdkifjynfBuD;wGif tpOft½dk;xkH;pHudkzsufawmfrl
onfrjzpfacsavm/ onfvnf;ta&;waMumif;yifjzpfonf/
(2) waMumif;vnf; "n0wDjynfBuD;onf ppfonfAdkvfygqifvkH;jrif;&if;rsm;vSonf/vufeuf
ud&d,mvnf;xlxyfvSonf/ taqmwvsifvkyfMuHawmfrlaomfvnf; &awmfrlEdkifcsdrfhrnfr[kwf/ t&Snf
tMumvkyfMuH&rnfvnf; &cdkifbk&ifESifh jrHKbk&ifonf orD;a,mufz&if;jzpfonf/ &cdkifNrdKUudk &Hawmfrl
onftaMumif;udk jrHKbk&ifMum;avaomf Munfhíaernfr[kwf/ a&tm;Munf;tm;jrHKbk&ifcsDvSmí vkyf
MuHacsonf&dSaomf &J;rufawmfwdkU ppfESpfbufn§yfr&dSacsNyDavm/ ,if;odkU okH;jynfaxmif&efppfBuD;pGmjzpf
írsm;pGmaom owå0gwdkUonf ab;b,odkUa&mufrnf/ aoaMuysufpD;rnftaMumif;udk Mum;vQifjrif
vsuf&[ef;awmfwdkUravQmufMum;acsonf&dSaomf oAÁnKbk&m;&Sifa[mawmfrltyfaom 0denf;yd&d,wåd
üvmaomynyfawmfESifh rnDr&dSacsNyDavm/ onfvnf;waMumif;jzpfonf/
(3) waMumif;vnf; omoemh'g,um r[m"r®&mZfw&m;rif;jrwfonf [Hom0wDjynfBuD; ç
ykodefç ajrmif;jrjynfBuD; ç oa&acwå&mjynf pvif; ç yk*HjynfBuD; onfjynfBuD;rsm;udk tvdkawmfjynfh
onfrMumacsao;/ jynfol½Gmom;wdkUvnf; r,nfrrdSefrNidrfroufMuao;jzpfonf/ ajrmuf&Srf;jynfç
,Gef;jynfç awmif,dk;',m;ESifhta&;t&mrNyD;acsao;/ ,ck"n0wD&cdkifNrdKUodkUcsDvSmaomtaMumif;udk
&Srf;rif;wdkUMum;avíEdkifiHawmf&yfpGefjynfem;xdyg;onf&dSaomf tvsifwaqmjyefawmfrlí a&mufEdkifcsdrfh
rnfr[kwfonfvnf;ta&;waMumif;yifjzpfonf/
(4) waMumif;vnf; 0gqdk0gacgifa&mufvwfaomf awmifavjyif;paom rkefwdkif;av½l;wdkU
onf jyif;jypGmvmvwHhonf/ ,if;aomtcg EdkifiHawmfudk olwyg;vkyfMuHonf[lí Mum;awmfrlaomf
vnf;avSaMumif;jyefEdkifcsdrfhrnfr[kwf/ arm"uF&mZfaMumif;vnf; wHydk;wHq,fBuD;vSonfjzpfonf/
a&aMumif;jyefawmfrrlEdkifíMunf;aMumif;jyefawmfrl&rnfvnf;&cdkif"n0wDESifhaejynfawmftMum;awmif
urf;BuD;vSonfjzpfonf/ rdk;BuD;avapG&dSaomtcg acsmif;ajrmif;jynfhvQHí qifaMumif; jrif;aMumif;
rom&dSvwåHonf/ ,if;odkUvQif rvpfrvwfcJhacsavm/ onfta&;vnf; ta&;waMumif;yifjzpfonf/
(5) ,if;okdUjzpfaomaMumifh bkef;vuf½kH;tmPmESifh jynfhpkHawmfrlaom r[m"r®&mZfrif;jrwf
onf oAÁnKwnmPfESifhwlaom ynmawmfjzifh axmuf½IawG;a&mfqifjcifawmfrlí &cdkifbk&ifnDoHwGJ;
pm;pnf;pdrfqifjrif;wdkUudk &cdkifbk&ifom;vk,líxm;avonfudk &cdkifbk&ifom;u r[m"r®&mZfw&m;
rif;jrwfudkqufapí &cdkifbk&ifnDoHwGJ;pm;ESifhwuGawmifpOfckESpfc½dkifudk ay;awmfrlonf&dSaomf om;
baxG;ESpfOD;udk cspfMunfawmfrlvsufolaumif;jyKawmfrlonfrjzpfygavm/ r[m"r®&mZfw&m;rif;jrwf
wGiftrIaumif;aomtcgvnf; om;baxG;ESpfOD;onf trIawmfudk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfí rxrf;&
avavm/ onfvnf;ta&;waMumif;yifjzpfonf/
 onfta&;taMumif;ig;yg;udkjrifí &[ef;wdkU r[m"r®&mZfw&m;rif;jrwfudk&yfcHygonf/onf;
cHawmfrlyg[líavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a&TxD;vnf; &[ef;wdkUavQmufaom pum;udkMum;awmfrl
vQif þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ ,ckZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f uREfkyfcsDívkyfMuHonfudk b,frif;{u&mZfonf
uREfkyfvufuvGwfEdkif&maomoabmr&dS/ q&mawmfwdkUavQmuf&mwGif om;baxG;ESpfOD;onf a&SUodkU
uREfkyftrIudkxrf;rnfqdkaompum;ompum;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfaxmufxm;qifjcifOD;rnf/ ,ckq&mawmf
wdkUjyefavOD; a&SUw&ufESpf&ufrS ta&;NyD;rNyD;udkod&rnf[lírdefUawmfrlonf/ &cdkifbk&if q&mwdkUvnf;
vbufacsmif cgom oum xef;vsuf vªawmfrlíjyefavaponf/
 202 - ta&;awmif;pum;t&wdkifyifajr§mfwif;ykH

(b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf;bk&ifhaemiftp&dSaom rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrl
íþodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ,ck"n0wDodkU igcsDvSmaMumif;vnf; &cdkifom;wdkU)onf igwdkUaus;pGef½Gm
em;teD;wdkUudkwdkufzsufí vloluRJ;EGm;wdkUudk brf;qD;,liifvSmonf tBudrfrsm;NyD/ waMumif;vnf;
ukvm;yef;ao;wdkU oabFmESifh ykodefajrmif;jrodkUvm0ifaomtcg qD;qí wdkufavaomaMumifh oabFm
om;wdkUtrSefra&muf&&dSonf/ odkUomvnf;r[kwf txufujynfNrdKUudk igvkyfMuHawmfrlaomtcg jynf
rif;acgifu ulrnf[lí om;baxG;ESpfa,muf a&tm;Munf;tm;csDvSmonf/ igwdkUvkyf&nfMuH&nfudk
rwefíom atmifjrifawmfrlacsonf/ ,ckvnf; &cdkifbk&ifbaxG; oHwGJ;pm;onf ighajc&if;awmfa&muf
vSmvQif igudk,fawmfrí olaumif;jyKawmfrlrnf trdefUawmf&dSacsonf/ trdefUawmf&if;twdkif; &cdkifNrdKU
udktvdkawmfjynfhvQif &cdkifbk&ifudkeef;csíbaxG;awmfoHwGJ;pm;udk eef;wifrnfcsDawmfrlvSmonf/
q&mawmfav;OD;xGufí &yfcHvSmonfrSmvnf; &cdkifbk&ifudkeef;csí oHwGJ;pm;udk eef;wifvQif
&cdkifNrdKUxkH;pHudk zsufonfrnfawmhrnf/ om;baxG;ESpfOD;udk csrf;omay;í om;baxG;ESpfOD;trIawmfudk
xrf;ygaprnf trsufawmfajzícsrf;omrnftaMumif;udk &yfcHonf/ trIawmfudk xrf;ygrnfqdkonfom
vQif pum;jzpfonf/ OmPfawmfESifhaxmuf½I qifjcifawmfrlOD;rnf[lí rdefUawmfrlvdkufonftaMumif;
rSmum;-tbr&dSvQif om;tpOfxkH;pH&dSonfudk om;udkeef;csí nDudkeef;wifacsaomf tpOft½dk;xkH;pHudk
igzsufawmfrlonf rnfcsdrfhrnf[lírdefUawmfrlonf/
trdefUawmfudk eE´a,mf"mMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ ,ckwyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkU
onf trdefUawmfudk OD;xdyf½Gufí a&tm;Munf;tm; NrdKUodkUcsDí jyawmifwm vuf&rf;vkyfaqmifonf
vnf;cdkifcefUvkHjcHKvSonf/ xdkodkUvkyf&nfMuH&nfudk jrifí&cdkifbk&ifom; ausmuf½GHUaomaMumifh ta&;
avQmufvSm&onfjzpfonf/ ta&;ay;awmfrrloifhao;/ a&SUodkUtrIawmfudk xrf;rnf[lí eIwfao
wefusdK;avQmufrSta&;awmfay;oifhonf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
eE´a,mf"mavQmufaompum;udk bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmMum;awmfrlvQif þodkUem;awmf
avQmufjyefonf/ &cdkifbk&ifq&mbkef;BuD;wkdUta&;awmif;onfudk tvG,fwulta&;ay;acsaomf ig
ukd,fawmfrí olaumif;jyKawmfrlrnf[laom trdefUawmf rysufacsNyDavm/ ,ckvnf; vkyf&nfMuH&nf
udkjrifí aMumuf½GHUaomaMumifh ta&;awmfawmif;vSmonfjzpfonf/ odkU&mwGif &cdkifbk&ifnD pnf;pdrf
csrf;omrysuf&dSrnfESifh a&SUodkUom;baxG;ESpfOD; trIawmfudkxrf;rnf avQmufaompum;omjzpfonf/
odkUjzpfaomaMumifh qifaumif; ç jrif;aumif; wdkUudktvsifxGufvSmapí &cdkifbk&ifnDudktyfawmfrlNyD;
vQif rif;aqmif ç rif;a,mif ç tpD;teif;ESifhwuG oHwGJ;paom awmifpOf 7-c½dkifwdkUudkay;awmfrl&
rnf/ ,if;odkU oem;awmfrlonfjzpfrS igudk,fawmfrí olaumif;jyKawmfrlrnf trdefUawmf&dSonftwdkif;
wnfcsdrfhrnf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; aemifawmfavQmufaom ta&;udk
BudKufawmfrlonf/
 203 - &cdkifrif;udkta&;ay;awmfrlykH

ESpf&ufokH;&uf&dSvQif &cdkifbk&ifq&mav;yg; xGufvSmjyefí wJ;awmfOD;odkUa&mufvSm\/

b0&Sif rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; bkef;awmfBuD;wdkUa&mufvSmí om,mpGmaompum;wdkUudk ajyma[mawmf
rlNyD;vQif waeUu avQmufaompum;rSm a&SUodkUtrIawmfudkxrf;rnfavQmufaompum;ompum;jzpf
onf/ uREfkyfvnf; bk&m;qkudkawmif;awmfrlaom {u&mZfjzpfonf/ ighq&mwdkU&yfcHvSm&mrSm om;
baxG;ESpfOD; trIawmfudk xrf;rnfrSefvQif &cdkifbk&ifpnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk rzsufNyD/ onf;cHawmfrlawmh
onf rdefUawmfrlvQif &cdkifbk&if q&mav;yg;u a&S;odkUtrIawmfudk xrf;rnfrSefaomaMumifhom &yfcH0hH
onf avQmufNyD;vQif ,if;odkUrSefvQif &cdkifNrdKUwGif;wGif&dSaom qifaumif;ESpfpD;ESifh &cdkifodkUa&mufav
aom wvdkif; ç jrefrm ç &Srf; ç uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUudk ppfaMumítukeftpifqufvSmap/ ,if;odkUrS &cdkif
bk&ifnD oHwGJ;pm; aus;uRefqif ç jrif; ç Opöm ç a½TaiGwdkUudkrusef&atmif qufvSmap/ &cdkifbk&ifnD
udkvnf; oHwGJ;ESifhwuG igay;awmfrlrnf[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/
&cdkifbk&ifq&mav;yg;vnf; þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ omoe'g,umawmf r[m"r®&mZf
w&m;rif;jrwf trdefUawmfcGef;udkMum;&jcif;onf tvGefjzpfcJ;vSonf/ r[m"r®&mZf w&m;rif;jrwf
onf oAÁnKwtavmif;awmfjzpfí olrcHEdkifonfudkonf;cHawmfrlonf jzpfawmhonf/ rif;\ w&m;
q,fyg;wGif taum"HyXfESifhtnD onf;cHawmfrljcif;onfum; jrwfaomqkBuD;udk tvQifjynfhawmfrl
rnf[lí em;awmfavQmufNyD;vQif NrdKUwGif;odkU0ifav\/ &cdkifbk&ifrif;q&mNrdKUwGif;odkU 0ifa&mufvQif
b0&Sif rif;w&m;a½TxD; trdefUawmfcGef;udk &cdkifbk&ifom;Mum;vQif trª;trwftaygif;wdkUudkac:í wdkif
yifMuNyD;vQif txufu [Hom0wDudkrif;w&m;a½TxD;vkyfMuHawmfrlaomtcg ajy;0ifvSmaom wvdkif;
trwf jywåy ç ordefpnfol onfESpfa,mufESifh wvdkif;jrefrm &Srf;vlig;axmifausmf ç qifaumif;
ESpfpD; ç o[HywåKeD ç yl&DaZmfu&wf ç cgom ç ok*E¨&m ç ouúvyfpaom vufaqmifawmf tkyfrsdK;
xnfrsdK;wdkUudk rsm;pGm,lítrwfav;a,mufwdkUudkqufvSm&onf/ &cdkifbk&ifnD qifjrif;aus;uRef
wdkUudkvnf; tukeftpifqufvSm&onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; &cdkifom;ppfonf&orQudk ppf
aMumívTwfawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmudk &cdkifbk&ifeef;odkU0ifí trdefUawmf
jyefacsapawmfrlonf/ bk&ifaemifawmfvnf; rif;aqmifrif;a,mifusif;yvsuf qifpD;í&cdkifNrdKUwGif;odkU
0ifawmfrlonf/ eef;awmfodkUa&mufvQif aumapmay:wGif oifjzL;tem; a½TcsnfuGyfwGif xuf0,fzGJUí
aeawmfrlonf/ &cdkifbk&ifvnf; a½ToifjzL;wGifxuf0,fzGJUíaeawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS bk&ifaemif
ausmfxifaemf&xmtrdefUawmfjyefonf/
 204 - &cdkifbk&ifodkUjyeftrdefUawmf

]]bkef;awmftvGefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom a&ajrocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&dS

onf .. &cdkifwGiftpnf;tbr&dSvQif om;rif;jyKonf t½dk;xkH;pH&dSonf xdkokdU&dSonfxkH;pHudk igzsuf
awmfrrlNyD;/ &cdkifbk&ifom;udkyif igaqmifESif;awmfrlawmhrnf/ &cdkifbk&ifbaxG;oHwGJ;pm;udkrif;ajr§muf
wefqm ig;yg;ESifhwuG awmifpOf 7-c½dkifudkay;awmfrlonf/ aemufaemiftrIawmfaumif;vQif om;
baxG;ESpfOD;ightrIawmfudkBudK;pm;tm;xkwfxrf;&rnf/ om;baxG;ESpfOD;wGif trItcif;xGufvQifvnf;
igrpawmfrlrnf/ om;baxG;ESpfOD;vnf; MunfompGma½Twjym;wnf;uJhodkU aus;qdk;uRefqdk;pum;emcHí
taESmifht&Sufr&dSMuapESifh jynf½Gmom,maptyfaom ty&d[med, w&m; 7-yg;udkESvkH;oGif;í rif;\
w&m;q,fyg;ESifhtnDrif;jyKukeftrdefUawmf&dSonf}}[lí trdefUawmfjyefonf/
 205 - trdefUawmftwdkif;om;baxG;ESpfOD;udk e,fy,fcGJ;a0ay;ykH

&cdkifbk&ifuvnf; OD;&D;awmf trdefUawmfudk wnfatmifusifhaqmifygrnf[líavQmufonf/

,if;odkUrS okc'ku©ajyma[mNyD;vQif bk&ifaemifawmfudk &cdkifbk&ifu qifaygufESpfpD; ç jrif;ESpfpD; ç
ykqdk;ç cgompaom tkyfrsdK;xnfrsdK;rsm;ESifh a½TESpfydóm ç aiGESpfq,fhig;ydómay;onf/ &cdkifbk&ifu
vnf; OD;&D;awmf[líac:onf/ bk&ifhaemifawmfuvnf; wlawmf[líac:onf/ renf;Mumajyma[m
awmfrlNyD;vQif &cdkifbk&ifu þodkUqdkonf/ aemifawmf OD;&D;awmfrif;jzpfawmfrlvQif wlawmfudkrpyg/
OD;&D;awmfwGif trItcif;&dSvQifvnf; wlawmfulnDygrnf[líqdkvQif bk&ifhaemifawmfuvnf; tcsuft
wdkif;rSefapawmh[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/ odkUaomaMumifh bk&ifaemifawmfrif;jzpfawmfrlvQif &cdkifudk
vkyfMuHawmfrrl/ aemifrS &cdkifom;wdkUaus;pGef½Gmem;udk zsufqD;onf[líavQmuf&mwGifrS om;awmf
oCF'wåudkcsD&onfESifh ewfjynfpHawmfrlaomaMumifh vdkufíac:&avonf/
tcsdKUrSwfykHrSm rif;w&m;a½TxD;tvsif&cdkifodkUcsDaomtcg bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmudk ol
u0ef;rdav&mwGif &cdkifudkonfjzifrcsDNyD[lí opöm&dSaomaMumifh txGuftjrwfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif
&cdkifudkrvkyfMuH aeawmfrlonf[lívnf; qdkavonf/
bk&ifaemifausmfxif aemf&xmvnf; jyefawmfrlí wyfawmfodkUa&mufvQif &cdkifbk&ifu
ay;urf;aMumif;udk rif;w&m;a½TxD;udkavQmufaomf oifhNyD;[lírdefUawmfrlonf/ igwdkUudk &cdkifbk&if
aMumufvSay\/ tpOfxkH;pHrysufavaumif;[lí igonf;cHawmfrlonf[k rdefUawmfrlonf/ rdk;aomuf
vQif &cdkifbk&ifu jrif;aumif;ESpfpD; ç uwåDygrnfo&Douúvyf tpdef;teDykqdk;aumif; ç ok*E¨m ç
cgomu&wf ç aZmfu&yfrl&DywåKeD ç o[Hpaom tkyfrsdK;xnfrsdK;eHUomjzLeDpaom tausmfu&rufpaom
tarT;rsdK; ç Zm'dydæKvf ç av;n§if;paom y,aq;rsdK;þodkUqdkcJhNyD;aom rsm;pGmaom yPÖmum&wdkUudk vl
waxmifausmfudkifapí &cdkifbk&ifOD;&D;eE´ol&d,udk qufvSm&onf/ xdkrSwyg; &cdkifwGif &dSaom rif;nD
rif;om; rª;BuD;rwfBuD; ola|;ol<u,ftaygif;wdkUuvnf; toD;toD;vufaqmifquf&onf/
 206 - &ckdifjynfrS rif;w&m;BuD;jyefvnfawmfrlykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m; a½TxD;odkUvnf; rif;{u&mZfESifhxdkufwefaom rif;aqmif ç rif;a,mif ç rif;

0wf ç rif;pm;wdkUudk oGif;jyef&avonf/ &cdkifbk&ifvnf; BudKUiJhaompum;jzifh om,macsiHpGmavQmufí
Zvmuyif;BuD;ESpfpif;udk awmif;aomaMumifh ay;awmfrlonf/ ta&;awmfNyD;í okH;&uf&dSvQif wyfpOft
wdkif; tajrmuf ç aoewfabmufapíajrBuD;atmuftxuf jyefrQ(9908)udk;&mh&SpfckwykdUwGJ;vqef;
12-&ufaeU [Hom0wDaejynfawmfokdUjyefawmfrlonf/ oHwGJ;odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif &cdkifbk&ifnD
aus;uRef qifjrif;wdkUudktyfawmfrlí oHwGJ;NrdKUESifhwuG rtd ç wvrlpaom awmifpOfckESpfc½dkifudkay;
awmfrlonf/ uGrf;cGuf ç &Spfajr§mifh vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç a½TcsufESpfpif; ç a0gyvmay;awmfrl
onf/
rif;ausmfxifwwyf ç tJ;rGefw,mwwyf ç onfwyfrsm;udkvnf; Nidrf0yfatmifoHwGJ;wGif
okH;vcefUae&pf[lí xm;awmfrlcJhonf/ ,if;odkUrS oHwGJ;ujyefawmfrlí (908) udk;&mh&Spfck wefcl;v
qef;ig;&ufaeU [Hom0wDaejynfawmfodkU a&mufawmfrlonf/
 207 - ,dk;',m;wdkU-a,;-'0,fudka&mufvmí wdkufckdufapvTwfykH

,dk;',m;rif;vnf; rif;w&m;a½TxD; &cdkifodkUcsDawmfrlavonf[lí Mum;vQif ordefuHyl&d ç

ordefwa'gu onfppfolBuD;ESpfa,mufwdkUudk wdkufqif ESpf&m ç jrif; waxmif ç ppfonfol&J;ajcmuf
aomif;ESifh '0,fNrdKUudkvkyfMuHav[k apícsDvSm\/ '0,fpm;vnf; qifjrif;tvkH;t&if;ESifhNrdKUucH
onf/ rcHEdkifacsí a,;NrdKUudkqkwfíaevSmonf/ xdktaMumif;rsm;udk armfvNrdKifpm; Anm;OD;uavQmuf
vSmíMum;awmfrlvQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; ta&SUbufwvTm;wGif &dSaomNrdKUpm;taygif;wdkU&dS
avNyD;onf/ ajc&if;awmfu tjcm;rcefUomNyDtrdefUawmf&dSNyD;vQif rkwårNrdKUudkpm;aom vuGef;tdefudk
Adkvfrª;cefUawmfrlí Zvmuyif;BuD;w&m ç Zvmuyif;i,fokH;&m ç ppfonfol&J; av;aomif;ESifh
'0,fodkUa&aMumif;csD&onf/
Munf;aMumif;rSm ordefa,;wwyf ç ordefarmfvNrdKifwwyf ç ordefv0efwwyf ç ordefwdkuf
ukvm;wwyf ç ordef ppfawmifwwyf ç ordeftpkwfwwyf ç ordefvuGef;Asnf;wwyf ç ordef;usef;
wwyf ç onf&Spfwyfudk wdkufqifESpf&m ç jrif;ESpfaxmif ç ppfonfol&J;&Spfaomif;ESifh '0,fodkUcsD&
onf/ '0,fNrdKUwGifaeaom ,dk;',m;om;wdkUonf rif;w&m;a½TxD;&J;rufawmfwdkUcsDvSmaponf/ tvkH;
t&if;qifjrif;rsm;vSonf [kMum;vQif '0,fNrdKUwGifrcH0hHí weoFm&DodkUqkwfíaeav\ '0,fNrdKUudk
&vQif '0,fpm;udkyiftvkH;t&if;ESifhtcdkiftvkHae&onf/ ordefarmfvNrdKifwdkUMunf;aMumif;csD&mrSm
vnf; '0,fNrdKUudk&vQif '0,fuonfawmifybkHodkUcsD&onf/ awmifybkHwGifaeaom ordefuHyl&dvnf;
qifjrif;tvkH;t&if;ESifh NrdKUuxGufícHvSm\/ ,if;odkUpOfwGifa,;NrdKUudk pm;aom rif;&J;ocF,mqifpD;
í ordefuHyl&Dudkwdkufav\/ renf;MumwdkufMuvQif ordefuHyl&DpD;aom qifrsufESmokefíajy;av\/
rif;ocF,mvdkufxyfí wdkufonf/ rDSvQifrif;&J;ocF,mukH;v,fpD;vSHESifhxdk;onf/ ordefuHyl&DudkvSHxdk;rd
ítemtusif&dSav\/ pD;aomqifudkvSHcsuftrsm;usí a[mifa[mifMunfMunfjrnfíajy;av\/
ordefuHyl&dvnf; qifuonfjrif;pD;íajy;avaomaMumifhvGwfav\/ pD;onf qifudk&vdkuf\/
,dk;',m;trwfatmufjAvuGef;tdefrm;qifESifhcHvSmonfudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;uRef ordefoHvdkuf qif
udkcRef;bGifhíwdkufonf/ oHvdkufpD;aom qifrkefESifhjzpfí rkefeHUudk&vQif atmufjAvuGef;tdefrm;
pD;aomqifrsufESmokefíajy;\/ xyfívdkufvQif ,if;wGifyifvnf;av\/ atmufjAvuGef;tdefrm;
udkvnf;&vdkuf\/ ,if;okdUvQif ,dk;',m;ppfonfwdkUtukefysufav\/ qifjrif;okHUyef;&onf rsm;\/
awmifybkHpm;udkyiftvkH;t&if;ESifhtcdkifae&\/
rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; ,dk;',m;om;wdkUudkatmifjrifawmfrlvQifwyfrª;ppfuJ;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí
jyef&onf/ a&mufvQifyGJ;vrf;&oolwdkUudktrnft&nftaqmifta,mifpm;aus;pm;vuf txdkuft
avsmufay;awmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(909)udk;&mhudk;ckwGif tdrfrkwfbDaqmufawmfrlonf/ taemufbuf awmifajc&if;rSm
vnf; ausmif;BuD;ausmif;av;&yf aqmufawmfrlonf/ waumbk&m;&Sifudkvnf;rsdKí vkyfawmfrlNyD;vQif
xD;wifawmfrlonf/ yOöif;okH;&mudkvnf;cHawmfrlonf/
 208 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;,kd;',m;udk,fawmfwdkif csDwufodrf;ykH

ouú&mZf (910) udk;&mhwq,fwGif ,dk;',m;odkUcsDrnf[lí &J;rufAdkvfyga&wGufawmfrlonf/

ta&SUbufwvTm;NrdKUpm;wdkUudk a&mufaomufuoHa&muf/ onfNrdKUrsm;odkU &du©mESifhydkU&onf/ ,if;odkUrS
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; NrdKUpm;jypm;taygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí ta&mufnDvQif cefU&efawmf
rlonf/ wk&if&mZm jrif;wwyf ç wl&ifa,mf"mjrif;wwyf ç wk&ifAvjrif;wwyf ç wk&ifausmfoljrif;w
wyf ç onfjrif;wyfav;wyfudka&SUcsD&onf/ qifwyfrSm awmifybkHNrdKUudkpm;aom apmb,wwyf ç
0efjrdKUudkpm;aomordefoHvdkufwwyf ç wdkufukvm;jrdKUudkpm;aom ordefaZmfu&yfwwyf ç pvyfNrdKUudk
pm;aom ordefy&Hwwyf ç jrif;wyfav;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 14-wyfudk a&S;csD&onf/
,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD; wyfrawmfwGif 0if;av;rsufESmom;wdkUudk 0if;rª;av;OD; ç
ppfuJ;av;OD; ç trwfav;usdyf ç wdkufqif&Spfq,f ç jrif;&Spf&m ç Adkvfav;aomif;ESifh vuf0J;vufsm
a&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ wyfrawmfwGif &mZoMuøudk wyfrª;tcsKyf ç eE´oludk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
aemufcsD&aom (wyfwdkUum;-wk&ifrPdjrif;wyf ç wk&ifyknmjrif;wyf ç vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç
vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wyf ç qifwyfrSm) Z½GJ;bkHNrdKUpm;aom oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyf ç awmifilrif;&J;
oD[olwwyf ç jynfowdk;"r®&mZmwwyf ç om,m0wDNrdKUudkpm;aom OZemwwyf ç ojrif;wkHNrdKUudk
pm;aom eE´a,mf"mwwyf ç ajrmif;jrNrdKUudkpm;aom Anm;avmwwyf ç ykodefNrdKUudkpm;aomordefjAydkuf
wwyf ç cJ;aygifNrdKUudkpm;aom ordefoHus,fwwyf ç jrif;wyfav;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 12-wyfwGif yg
onfh wdkufqifESpf&m ç jrif;&Spfaxmif ç ppfonfol&J;av;aomif;ESifhcsDawmfrlonf/
'vNrdKUudkpm;aom oD&daZ,saemf&xmESifh yef;udkNrdKUpm;aom Anm;£E´udk [Hom0wDaejynf
awmfudkapmifh&onf/ pvif;pm; ç yk*Hpm; ç awmifwGif;BuD;pm;wdkUudkvnf; rdrdwdkUNrdKUwGif tvkH;t&if;ESifh
wuGtcdkiftvkHae&onf/ ta&SUbufwvTm;udkvnf; armfvNrdKifudkpm;aom Anm;OD;udk0efcHapíqif
jrif;tvkH;t&if;ESifh tcdkiftvkHae&onf/ þodkUEdkifiHawmftvkH;udk tESHUtpyfpD&ifawmfrlcJhí ouú&mZf
(910)udk;&mhwq,fjynfh wefaqmifrkef;vqef; wq,fhokH;&ufaeU rkwåraMumif; b0&Sifrif;w&m;
a½TxD;,dk;',m;odkU csDawmfrlonf/ odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif rkwårESifharmfvNrdKifudk avSwHwm;ypfapí
Adkvfygjrif;EGm;wdkUudkavQmuf&onf/ pD;awmfqifrsm;udkrlum;-abmifESifhul;&onf/ onfjyifwdkufqif
rsm;udk jrpfnmusOf;&mu ul;&onf/ qif ç jrif; AdkvfygwdkU wbufodkUtukefa&mufvQif awmifybkHu
onf uHyk&DudkwdkufícsDawmfrlonf/ uHyk&Duonf vmjrJ;c&D;udkcsDawmfrlonf/ pcef;cswdkif; obif
cHawmfrlonf/
 209 - ,kd;',m;wdkUESifhwyfOD;csifwdkuf&m,dk;',m;ysufykH
,dk;',m;bk&ifvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;csDvSmNyD[lí Mum;vqifqifjrif;trsm;EsifhBudKvSm\/
,dk;',m;rif;BuD;BudKvSmaMumif;udk v0wdkUavQmufí Mum;awmfrlvQif jynfrif;owdk;"r®&mZmwwyf ç
oD&daZ,aemf&xmwwyf ç ordefjAydkuf wwyf ç ordefarmcGifwwyf ç ordefy&Hwwyf ç onf 5wyfudk
wkdufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif çAdkvfyg 5-aomif;ESifhtv,faMumif;csDí BudK&onf/
bk&ifaemifausmfxif aemf&xmwwyf ç oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyf ç apmvuGef;tdefwwyf ç
ordef&J;oif&Hwwyf ç ordefoHus,fwwyf ç onf 5-wyfudk wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvf 5-
aomif;ESifh vuf0J;bufudkqD;BudK&onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;wyfawmfESifh wyfaygif;wdkUrlum; vufsm
aMumif;csDawmfrlonf/
bk&ifaemfausmfxifaemf&xmwdku vuf0J;aMumif;csD&mrSm Adkvfygqifjrif;wdkUudk awmwGifcsnf;
ae&onf/ tv,faMumif;csDaom owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUrSm qifjrif;Adkvfygudk taetxm;oifhatmifpD&ifí
jrif;onfrsm;udk ppfa&;iif&onf/ ,dk;',m;ppfonfwdkUvnf; [Hom0wDjrif;onfwdkUudkjrifvQifppfrsuf
ESmjzefUí qifcRef;bGifhumvdkufvSm\/ jrif;awmfonfwdkUudkvnf; ajy;onft[efESifh qkwfvSm\/
,dk;',m; ppfonfwdkUvnf; xyfívdkufvSm\/ tvdkufuRefvQif bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm 5-
wyfom;wdkU awmuxGufíwdkufvSmonf/ aemufwyfrjyKícsDvSmaom ,kd;',m;bk&ifqkefav\b0&Sif
rif;w&m;wdkUwyfaygif;om;rDSvSmí xyfíwdkufawmfrlvQif ,dk;',m;ppfysufav\/ ,dk;',m;bk&ifom;
ESifhnDudk&awmfrl\/ qifjrif;okHUyef;vnf; uRefvSmorQudk&awmfrl\/ avavonfrsm;\/ ,dk;',m;
bk&ifrlum;-½kH;rdorQaom &J;rufAdkvfygESifhtvQifqkwfí NrdKUucHíaeav\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;
ppfonfawmfokH;aMumif;om;wdkUvnf; ,dk;',m;NrdKUwdkifatmif xyfívdkufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;
a&mufawmfrlvQif wyfrcsbJ;NrdKUudkwufaponf/ NrdKUvnf;jrifhonf/ a&vnf;NrdKUudk&pfvnf0ef;&Hí&dS
avonf/ vufeufud&d,m pdefajymif;jrwyludkifaom ukvm;yef;ao;NrdKUpD;jypD;xlxyfvSaomaMumifh
r&acs/ &Híomaeawmfrl&acsonf/
 210 - urefydkuf ç aomufuwJ; ydóavmufNrdKUrsm;udk wdkuf,lykH

wvcefU&dSvQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;vnf; bk&ifaemifawmftp&dSaom rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkU

udkac:awmfrlí þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ igwdkUonf ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk t&SnftMumaeívkyfMuHacsaomf
tvkyftMuHrsm;csdrfhrnf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUudkcGgí urefydkuf ç aomufuwJ; ç ydóavmufonfNrdKUrsm;udkcsD
í vkyfMuHOD;rnf/ onfNrdKUrsm;udk&vQif ,dk;',m;NrdKUvufawmfuvGwf&rnfavm[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; onfta&;onfoifhvSonf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/ rdk;aomuf
vQif wyfawmfudkEkwfí urefydkufodkUcsDawmfrlonf/
,dk;',m;bk&ifESifh orufMo,m;vuGeftdefrm;wdkU b0&Sifrif;w&m;wyfudkEkwfí csDaMumif;udk
odvQif ,dk;',m;bk&ifnD Mo,modóavmufESifh MoufjApuúDudk qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh waMumif;
vdkuf&onf/,dk;',m;bk&iforufMo,m;vuGeftdefrm;ESifhMo,m;&HwdkUwaMumif;vdkuf&onf/,dk;',m;
bk&ifrSmvnf; qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifhwaMumif;vdkufvSmonf/ ,if;odkU ppfokH;aMumif;cGJ;í ,dk;',m;
bk&ifvdkufvSmaMumif;udk urefydkufodkUra&mufcif okH;pcef;wGifMum;awmfrlvQif ,if;wGifyif wyfcsí
aeawmfrlonf/
 211 - ,dk;',m;bk&ifwyfvdkufvm&m BudKíwdkuf,lykH

,if;odkUrS rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUESifh wdkifyifawmfrlíbk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmwwyfç

r[mBuD;wwyf ç eE´ausmfxifwwyf ç ordefy&Hwwyf ç ordeftJ;y&J;wwyf ç onfig;wyfudk wkduf
qifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfig;aomif;ESifh tv,faMumif;csDíBudK&onf/
apmvuGef;tdefwwyf ç rif;&J;ocF,mwwyf ç ordefoHvdkufwwyf ç ordefaZmfu&wfwwyf ç
Oygaumif;wwyf ç onfig;wyfudk wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfig;aomif;ESifh vufufsm
aMumif; csDíBudK&onf/
ordef&Jo&Hwwyf ç eE´oMuøwwyf ç Anm;avmwwyf ç ordefoHus,fwwyf ç ordefarmcGif
wwyf onfig;wyfudk wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfig;aomif;ESifh vuf0JaMumif;csDíMudK&
onf/
,if;odkUrS b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;rSm t&yf 7-awmif&dSaom aZ,s'dom[laomqifudk &wem
twdNyD;aom a½TBudK;a½TEG,f a½Tvdefa½Tyef;qif,ifí udk,fawmfrSm uwDåygpdrf;rGrf;aom e0&wfudk;yg;
jzifhjc,fvS,fpDrHaom tbdk;twdkif;rodaom ywåjrm;xdyfüwyfaom arSmufwdkaqmif;awmfrlí uwDåyg
pdrf;rGrf;aom ywåjrm;twdpDaomcsyfudk0wfawmfrlí &wemtwdNyD;aomcRef;udk pGJ;awmfrlvsuf aZ,s'd
omqifOD;wGif pD;awmfrlonf/ aZ,seE´oludk ukH;v,fwifawmfrlonf/ aZ,sAvudk aemufawmfxdkif&
onf/ olaumif;om;w&mudk a½Txm;pGJ;apí vufsmawmfu ig;usdyf ç vuf0J;awmfu ig;usdyf eHyg;ESpf
bufvdkuf&onf/ olaumif;om;w&m a½Tumudkifapí qifawmfa&SUuvdkuf&onf/ ukvm;okH;&m
udka½TOD;&pfaqmif;apí a½TemoefESifh vSHr½dk;&SnfpGJ;apí qifawmf0ef;usifvdkuf&onf/ a½TOD;&pfa½Tcg;
pnf;ywfapí a½TZ0g ajymif;aoewfudkifapaom ukvm;yef;ao;w&mwdkUudkvnf; qifawmfa&SUtaemuf
eHyg;ESpfbufvdkuf&onf/ 0if;awmfav;rsufESmwdkUudk a½T'dkif;av;axmif ç a½Tumav;axmif ç a½TvTm;
av;axmif ç vSHokH;pif;pDukdifaom vSHxdk;ool av;axmifwdkUudkvnf; qifawmfvuf0J;vufsm a&SU
aemufvdkuf&onf/ a½TarSmufwdk aqmif;apí a½Tcsyf0wfaom a½Txdyfa½TukH;ESifhjrif;awmfonfav;&mwdkU
udkvnf; qifawmfvuf0J; vufsma&SUaemufwifhw,fpGm tJ;armif;vSHwdk vSH&Snfudkifí vdkuf&onf/ qif
ulvuf0J;awmfu ESpfpD; ç vufsmawmfu ESpfpD; ç a½TBudK;a½TuESifh tajrmufwpif;pDwifívdkuf&onf/
,if;odkUrSudk,f&Hawmfjrif;onf ESpf&mudka&SUzsm;csD&onf/ onfaemufrS rª;rsdK;rwfrsdK;aus;pm;oifrI&Spf
usdyfudk a½Tcsyfa½TrsOf;ESifh a½TarSmufwdkaqmif;apí ukH;v,faemufyJhESifhwuG wdkufqif&Spfq,fcsD&onf/
qifwpD;wGif qifajcbkH;rdk;eJ;a½TvSHw&mpD vdkuf&onf/ onfaemuf a½T'dkif;a½TvTm;a½TumvSHtMum;t
Mum;wGif a½Txm;om;wdkUxm;&Snfudkifí vdkuf&onf/ onfaemufa&SUawmfajy; atmifpnfxGufpnf
a½Tc&m ç aiGc&m ç a½TESJ;tpkHvdkuf&onf/ ,if;urS rª;om;rwfom;olaumif;om;wdkUudk a½Txm;ESifh
vdkuf&onf/ ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;udk,fawmf odMum;rif;\toa&uJhodkU tvGefwifhw,fprÜ,fpGm
csDawmfrlonf/
awmifilrif;&J;oD[olrSm em*g0&[laom qifudkpD;í wkdufqifig;q,f jrif;okH;axmif ç Adkvf
ygwaomif; 5-axmifESifh vuf0J;uvdkuf&onf/
jynfowdk;"r®&mZmrSm rif;&J;xGwfr*Fvm[laom qifudkpD;í wdkufqifig;q,f ç jrif;okH;
axmif ç Adkvfygwaomif; 5-axmifESifh vufsmawmfu vdkuf&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;aemuf&if;wGifrlum;- ordefjAydkufudk &Hurdef[laom qifudkpD;í wdkufqif
ig;q,f ç jrif;okH;axmif ç Adkvfwaomif; 5-axmifESifhvdkuf&onf/
 csDawmfrlí wwdkifcefUa&mufawmfrlvQif &J;a,mf"mudkjrif;ESifh bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmodkU
oludkawGUvQifrwdkufESifh ighudkiHhOd;/ iga&mufawmfrlrS wdkufawmfrlrnf[líapawmfrlonf/ &J;a,mf"m
vnf; jrif;ESifhtjrefajy;í trdefUawmfudkjyefonf/ bk&ifaemifudk ppfokH;aMumif;vnf; tif;BuD;wckudk
awGUvQif wdkufqifrsm;udk a&wGifpdrfí Adkvfygudkjznfhwif;apíaeap\/ jrif;awmfonf okH;&mudkrlum;-
olppfudk(iifacs[kapawmfrl\/ olUwyfzsm;)onfbk&ifaemifawmfwdkUppfjzmcsDvSmaom jrif;wyfESifhawGU
vQif wdkufrnft[efjyKí ppfa&;iifcJh\/ ,kd;',m;ucsDvSmaom ppfokH;aMumif;vnf; xyfívdkufvSm
\/
 212 - bk&ifhaemifawmfwdkU ,dk;',m;EsifhwdkufykH

bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xm ppfonfawmfwdkUvnf; qifjrif;udka&uwufapí uNyD;vQif

toifhtajrmuf aoewfpDpOfí b0&Sifrif;w&m;udkiHhae\/ ,dk;',m;ppfonfokH;aMumif;wdkU csDvSmonf
eD;vQif vufsmbufu apmvuGef;tdef rPDaZmu&wf[laom qifudkpD;onf/ rif;&J;ocF,m puúeD&J;[l
aomqifudkpD;onf/ ordefoHvdkuf *Zol&[laomqifudkpD;onf/ Oygaumif; uGef;jAv [laomqifudk
pD;onf/ 5-wyfvkH;u wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvf 5-aomif;ESifh vufsmbufu ,Gef;íwuf
av\/ vuf0J;bufuvnf; ordef&J;oif&H ½GwfoEdIufESJ;[laomqifudkpD;onf/ eE´a,mf"mq'´efajymif
rGef[laom qifudkpD;onf/ eE´oMuø&J;jrwfpGm[laom qifudkpD;onf/ oD&d"r®&wf uGefwa&mf[laom
qifudkpD;onf/ onf 5- wyfudkwdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfig;aomif;ESifh vuf0J;u,Gef;í
wuf\/
&J;rufawmfvuf0J; ç vufsm,Gef;í wufMuonfudk bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmjrifawmfrl
vQif r&J;íaeonf[lí oltrSwf&dSvdrfhrnfudkvnf;aumif;/ olyGJ;&vdrfhrnfudkvnf;aumif;/ ESvkH;xm;
awmfrlí b0&Sifrif;w&m;udkriHh? aZ,syvif[laom qifpD;awmfrlípnfawmfwD;apNyD;vQif qifawmfudk
tjyif;wdkUí[l;[l;vTwfawmfrl\/ rif;w&m;aemifawmf qifESifhtjyif;vTwfawmfrlvQif rif;r[mrmwif
ajymifrGef[laom qifudkpD;í eE´ausmfxif ZrÁLwHqdyf[laom qifudkpD;íordefy&rf;aZ,sowå½k[laom
qifudkpD;í ordeftJ;y&J;yvif[laomqifudkpD;í ig;wyfvkH;udkwdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfyg
ig;aomif;ESifh tjyif;xyfíwdkufav\/ bk&ifaemifawmf &J;rufwdkU½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHwdkufvQif ,dk;',m;bk&if
orufMo,m;vuGef;tdefrm;vnf; t&yf 7-awmif&dSaom aZ,sEkbwf[laomqifudkpD;ítjyif;vTwf
vSmonfudk bk&ifaemifawmf qifulukH;v,fxufutajrmufESifhvTwfvQif Mo,m;vuGef;tdefrm;
uHk;v,f udkrSefí qifxufuusav\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;aemifawmfvnf; aZ,syvif[laom qifudk
pD;íwdkufawmfrlonf/ Mo,m;vuGef;tdefrm;pD;aomqiftmabmifudk tpG,fESifhxdk;rdav\/ qiftm;
rwefí &yfonfudkbk&ifaemifom;awmf aZ,soD[,if;aomtcg oufawmfwq,fhokH;ESpfywåjrm;
Muufawmif a½TarSmufwdkudkabmufíaqmif;awmfrlonf/ &J;vkvif[laom qifudkpD;íwdkufawmf
rlonf/ Mo,m;vuGef;tdefrm;pD;aom qifaZ,sEkbwfrkeftdk;udkxdk;rdvQif rsufESmokefav\/ ,if;odkU
pOfwGif bk&ifhaemifawmf ukH;v,fpD;u vSHESpfpif;ESifhvTwfonf/ aZ,sEkbwfem;wGifwef;&&ef;Nidí&dS
av\/ ,if;odkUvQif aZ,sEkbwfrsufESmokefíajy;av\/
,dk;',m;trwf,kdu&wf w½kHokHYyef;[laom qifudkpD;í bk&ifaemifawmfqifawmfaZ,syvifudk
tjyif;vTwfíwdkufvSmonfudk rif;r[mrmwifajymifrTefESifhcRef;bGifhíwdkufonf/ w½kHokHUyef;ESifhrenf;
Muma0SUonfudk rif;r[m qifajcbkH;wdkUvSHESifhxdk;onf/ w½kHokHUyef;tmabmif udkxdk;rdav\/ vSHcsuf
trsm;usvQif w½kHokHUyef;rsufESmokefav\/ w½kHokHYyef;rsufESmokefonfudkjrifvQif ppfonfawmfwdkU
xyfívdkufvQif Mo,m;vuGeftdefrm; ppfonfwdkUysufav\/
vuf0J;uaeaom Mo,mydóavmufppfonfwdkUvnf;cHíae\/ ,if;aomcgMo,mydóavmuf
t&yf 7-awmif&dSaom BudK;puú0wf[laom qifudkpD;ícHonfudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;uRefawmf apmv
uGef;tdef rPdaZmu&wf[laom qifudkpD;ítjyifwdk;íwdkufonfudk ,dk;',m;trwfMoxJ;eHonf ykHpuf
[laomqifudkpD;íBudKvSmonfudk apmvuGef;tdefpD;aom rPdaZmu&wftpG,fESifhxdk;rDSvQif MoxJ;eHpD;
aom ykHpufrsufESmokefíajy;av\/ MoxJ;eHuvnf;&vdkuf\/
 a,;NrdKUudkpm;aom rif;&J;ocF,mpuúed&J;[laom qifudkpD;íwdkufonfudk ,dk;',m;trwf
Mo,m;aoOfem {uwGef[laomqifudkpD;ícHonf/ qifESpfpD;renf;Muma0SUMuvQifrif;&J;ocF,mpD;aom
puúeD;&Jtmabmifudk Mo,m;aoOfempD;aom{uwGeftpG,fESifhxdk;rdí ,if;wGifyifvnf;acsonf/ ,if;
odkUpOfwGif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;ppfonfawmfwa,muftajrmufESifhypfonf/ Mo,m;aoOfemqifOD;wGif
yifqkH;av\/ Mo,mydóavmufonf qifcRef;iifum vnfíqkwfav\/
vufsmbufu ,dk;',m;trwf MoufjApuúd ½GwfwNydwfwl[laom qifudkpD;ívTwfonfudk
b0&Sifrif;w&m; uRefawmf ordef&J;oif;&H½GwfoEdIufESJ;[laom qifudkpD;ícHonf/ ½GwfwNydwfwl rkef
ESifhjzpfí rkefeHUudk&vQif ½GwfoEdIufESJ;rqdkif0hHí wBudrfrsufESmokefonfudk ordef&J;oif&HcRef;ESifh
wcsufESpfcsuf aygufvQif ½GwfoEdIufESJ;a0SUjyefav\/ ,if;odkUpOfwGif eE´a,mf"mq'´efajymifrGef[l
aom qifudkpD;í wdkufonf/ ½GwfwNydwfwl,if;wGif vnf;av\/ MoufjypuúD[laom trwfvnf;qkH;
av\/
,dk;',m;trwf Mo,m;wDZdjAwfydkufZ[laom qifudkpD;í vTwfvSmonfudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;
uRefawmfoD&d"r®&mwf uGef"a&m[laom qifudkpD;í wdkufonf/ jAwfydkufZudktpG,fESifhxdk;rdí aemuf
qkwfacG;wdkif&dSav\/ vdkufxyfíwdkufvQif a[mifa[mifusnfusnfjrnfíajy;av\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; uRefawmfeE´oMuø&J;jrwfpGm[laom qifudkpD;ívTwfonfudk ,dk;',m;
trwf Mo,m;&H MudK;puú0wf[laom qifESifhcHonf/ rcHEdkifí ,if;wGifyifvnf;av\/ ,if;odkUvQif
,dk;',m;ppfokH;aMumif; ysufíajy;av\/
,kd;',m;bk&iforuf Mo,m;vuGef;tdefrm;vnf; aZ,sEkbwfudkpD;íajy;av\/ tif;wckudk
awGUvQif csdwfiifírEdkif a&odkUqif;aeav\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;ppfonfawmfjrif;onfwdkUrDSvQif tif;udk
0ef;&Híaeav\/ Mo,m;vuGef;tdefrm;um; qifrSqif;íajy;rnfjyKonfudkbrf;rdí aZ,sEkbwfESifh
wuG&awmfrl\/
Mo,mydóavmufvnf; qifrpD;bJ;ajy;avívGwfav\/ pD;qifBudK;puú0wfudk&vdkuf\/
Mo,m;½dku&wfvnf; jrif;pD;íajy;avonf vGwfav\/ pD;qifw½kHokHUyef;udk&vdkuf\/ &J;rufawmf
wdkUvdkufíxdk;ckwfypfcwfonf/ ,kd;',m;ppfonftrsm;yifaoav\/ qifjrif;okHUyef;&awmfrlonf
vnf;rsm;\/ bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; jrif;onfwdkUvdkufíac:&aomfrdk;csKyfrSa&mufvSm\/
 213 - atmifyGJ;&olrsm;udk qkay;awmfrlykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; tajrmufaoewfoHMum;awmfrlvQif wdkufavNyD[ktrSwfawmf&dS

awmfrlí tjyif;xyfícsDawmfrlvSmonf/ rGef;,def;tcsdefudka&mufawmfrlvSmvQif ,if;wGifyifwyfcsí
aeawmfrl\/ bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmwdkU ppfokH;aMumif;om;vnf; rdrdwdkU&onf trª;trwfqif
jrif;okHUyef;vufeufxm;vSHud&d,mwdkUudkqufMuonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; nOfhwJ;awmfOD;
odkUrif;&J;oD[olowdk;"r®&mZm ç bk&ifaemifawmfpaom jrefrmtrwf ç wvdkif;trwfwdkUudkac:awmfrlí
þodkUrdefUawmf&dSonf/ olUudkawGUvQif rwdkufESifh ighudkihHOD;/ iga&mufrSwdkufawmfrlrnf[lí &J;a,mf"m
udkapawmfrlonf/ yodkUaomaMumifh ighyGJ;udkysufoenf;[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg bk&ifaemifawmfausmfxifaemf&xmavQmufonfum;- uRefawmfwdkU trdefUawmf
twdkif; qifjrif;AdkvfygpDpOfí ppftifusif;NyD;vQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;udkiHhíaepOf ,kd;',m;ppfonfa&muf
vSmí vuf0J;bufuRefawmf&J;oif;&HESifh ig;wyfvkH;,Gef;íwufonf/ vufsmbufuvnf; uRefawmf
apmvuGef;tdrfESifh ig;wyfvkH;,Gef;íwufonf/ odkUvuf0J;vufsmwufonfudk uRefawmfjrifvQif
]]t&SiftrdefUawmfudkaMumufíum;-aeonfr[kwf/ r&J;íaeonf[lí}}trsm;qdkvwHhonfudkpdk;ítuGyf
awmfudkcHaomfvnf; cHawmhrnf/ oltoGrf;aoG;udk rcHNyDtrSwf&dSí uRefawmfwdkufayonf[lí
em;awmfavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; ightrdefUawmfudkqefvGefonfum;rSef\/ ta&;
awmfrvpfrvyf ppfa&;vSonfudk igtjypfawmfwifwGuf&dSoavm[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif ywåjrm;pD
aom OD;aygif;oif;uspf av;rsufESm ywåjrm;okH;&pfpD uGrf;cGuf ç ywåjrm;pDvbuftdk; ç ywåjrm;pD
waumif;bkH; ç a½Tcsufav;pif; ç 0wfawmfrlaom wk,ifwyfaomuwåDyg0wfvkH ç vufawmfESpfbuf
wGif0wfawmfrlaom ywåjrm;vufaumuf ç ywåjrm;vufpGyf ç oOÆvDuESifh wuGpD;awmfrlaom
qifem*g0& ç a½TuESifh pD;awmfrlaomjrif; b0&Sifrif;w&m;aemifawmfudkay;awmfrlonf/
bk&ifaemifom;awmf ]]aZ,soD[}},if;aomtcg oufawmf 13-ESpfcrnf;awmfuqifulí
wdkufaomaMumifh Mo,m;vuGef;tdrfrm;udkatmifjrifonf[lí tm;&awmfrlaomaMumifh]]rif;&J;ausmfpGm}}
[laomtrnfESifh a½TuGrf;cGuf ç vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç rdk;BudK;axG;cH ç a½Tcsufwpif; ç aygif;0ef;
a½TcGufay;awmfrlonf/ trª;trwfyGJ;vrf;&oolrsm;udkvnf; uGrf;cGuf ç uGrf;usyf ç waumif;bkH; ç
vbuftdk; ç axG;tif ç usdKif;csufpm;aus; ç pm;vwf wdkif;c½dkif txdkuftavsmufay;awmfrlonf/
wdkufyGJ;wGif&aom qifjrif; tajrmufaoewfudkom,lawmfrlonf/ xdkrSwyg; vloluRJ;EGm; a½TaiGt0wf
tpm;&orQudk &ool,l&onf/
 214 - ppfa&;udkwdkifyifawmfrlykHtaMumif;

,if;odkUpD&ifawmfrlNyD;vQif rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUtm; þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ,ck

,dk;',m;u csDvSmaomppfokH;aMumif;udk tvdkawmfjynfhonf/ ,dk;',m;odkUjyefí vkyfMuHawmfrl&aomf
vnf;oifhrnfavm/ urefydkuf ç ydóavmuf ç aomufuwJ;onfNrdKUrsm;udkwdk;í ,l&aomfvnf; oifh
rnfavm[lí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonfudk r[mBuD;avQmufonfum;- txufu,dk;',m;bk&ifcsD
vSmí uRefawmfwdkUudkwdkufvSmaomtcg &mZodef[laomt&yfwGif ysufcsufemvSavonf/ ,kd;',m;
bk&ifvnf; qifrajcvQifpD;íajy;avaomaMumifhom vGwf&avonf/ ,dk;',m;bk&ifom; nDwdkUESifhw
uGtrª;trwfAdkvfyg qifjrif;vnf; trsm;&awmfrlonf/ t&Ste taotaysmufvnf; rsm;vSav
onf/ ,ckysuf&mwGifvnf; ,dk;',m;bk&iforufudk qifESifhwuG&awmfrlvdkufonf/ a'gAnm; ç trª;
trwfwdkUudkvnf; trsm;yif&awmfrlonf/ qifBuD; ç jrif;BuD; ç qifcdkif ç jrif;cdkifrsm;udkvnf; &awmfrl
onf/ trª; ç trwftp&dSaom Akdvfygrsm;vnf; t&S ç te ç tao taysmufrsm;vSavonf/
,dk;',m;bk&ifrSpí wNrdKUvkH;vnf; xdyfwufaoG;udkaomufvwHhouJhodkU tvGefaMumuf½GHUjcif;jyif;pGm
jzpfavNyD/ ,ck,dk;',m;NrdKUwdkifatmif csDawmfrlívkyfMuHawmfrlonf&dSaomf tvG,fom&awmfrlrnf xif
onf[líem;awmfavQmufonfudk apmvuGef;tdefESifh &J;oif&Hu uRefawmfppfawmif;pm;r[mavQmuf
onf ta&;oifhvSayonf[líem;awmfavQmuf\/
jynfrif;owdk;"r®&mZmvnf; uRefawmfwdkUavQmufaom ta&;onfppfa&;&dSonfrSefayonf/
odkU&mwGif ,dk;',m;NrdKUvnf; wyg;NrdKUuJhodkUr[kwf/ acsmif;ywfukH;0ef;&Hí &dSavonf/ NrdKUvnf;cdkifcefU
vSonf/ tajrmufBuD;jrwylvnf;rsm;avonf/ &J;rufAdkvfyg qifvkH;jrif;&if;vnf;rsm;vSonf/ jrpfrSm
vnf; ukvm;yef;ao;wdkUoabFmESifh qD;umícHavonf/ a&S;txufuvnf;w&HwqpfrQ rzsufqD;bl;
avjzpfonf/ olUNrdKUudk tcdkifjyKícHaecsdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkUNrdKUudktvsifwdkufí r&vQif wyfwnfí
jyvuf½kH;aqmufapí vkyfMuD;MuHrBudK;pm;tm;xkwfívkyfMuHawmfrl&csdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkUvQif ta&;awmf
Mumcsdrfhrnf/ ta&;MumvQif &J;rufAdkvfygrsm;onfESifh &du©mrsdK;aphqGHU&Sm;csdrfhrnf/ ta0;odkUcGgí&Smpm;
&rnfvnf; olwdkUuqD;cHí wdkufvQifcGgí r&Smpm;om&dScsdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh onfwBudrf
aejynfawmfodkU jyefawmfrlí tnmwvTm;ü&dSaom t0 ppfudkif;paom &Srf;jynfwwef;udk udk,fwdkifcsD
í,lOD;rnf/ ,if;odkUrS wvdkif; jrefrm &Srf;vufeufawmfjzpfrS wBudrfcsDawmfrl&vQif ,dk;',m;NrdKUonf
vufawmfurvGwfEdkifNyD[lí owdk;"r®&mZmem;awmfavQmufonfudk eE´oMuøþodkUem;awmfavQmufjyef
onf/
owdk;"r®&mZm avQmufaomta&;onf ppfa&;jzpfayonfudkyif uREfkyfpdwfwGifrlum;-
,dk;',m;om;wdkU ESpfBudrfBudKí wdkufvSm&mwGif ppfysufom;emvSavonf/ ,dk;',m;bk&if,kHMunf
jrwfEdk;vSpGmaom orufnDwdkUudk&awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,dk;',m;bk&if acsiHom,mpGm
EdSrfcsaompum;jzifh em;awmfavQmufvSmvrnfrcRwf/ ,if;odkUyifravQmufvSmaomfvnf; ,ckppfcsdef
umv&dSao;onf/ urefydkuf ç aomufuwJ; ç ydóavmuf onfNrdKUrsm;udkcsDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrl
oihfonf/ ,dk;',m; om;orufnDwdkUrQrcHEdkifí ysufavNyD;onfudk ,if;onfNrdKUpm;wdkUcH0Hhrnfavm/
rcH0Hhí NrdKUudk&awmfrlvQif oifhwifhaom trª;trwfwdkUudk tvkH;t&if;ESifh tcdkiftvkHaeapí rsdK;&du©m
rsm;atmifonfwrdk;wGif; v,fvkyfpDrHrnf/ urefydkufwGifvnf; &du©mwifp&mavSvkyfpdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkU
pD&ifawmfrlNyD;rS jyefawmfrlíwBudrfcsDawmfrl&vQif,dk;',m;NrdKUonfvufawmfurvGwf&mNyD[líem;awmf
avQmuf\/
 bk&ifaemifawmfvnf; eE´oMuøavQmufaom ta&;udkBudKufawmfrlonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;
a½TxD;vnf; onfta&;onf oifhvSonf[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif wyfawmfudkEkwfí urefydkufaMumif;
csDawmfrlonf/ urefydkufpm;vnf; rif;w&m;a½TxD;csDvSmNyD[lí Mum;vQif NrdKUwGifrcH0Hhí tvkH;t&if;ESifh
awmodkUajy;av\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m; urefydkufodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif aomufuwJ; çydóavmufNrdKUwdkU
udkwdkufpdrfhrnf[lí &J;rufAdkvfygqifvkH;jrif;&if; pD&ifawmfrlpOfwGif ,dk;',m;bk&ifu om,macscHpGm
aomavQmufpmESifh oHtrwfESpfa,mufvSm\/ &mZoHwGifygonfum;-
 215 - ,dk;',m;rif;uoHapí avQmufvSmykH

'Gg&0wDrnfaom ,dk;',m;NrdKUudkpm;aom jAom"d&mZoHawmfOD;wif0Hhaom b0&Sifrif;

w&m;csDvSmNyD[lí Mum;vQif qifpD;csif;wdkufrS oifhrnf[ktvkH;t&if; qifjrif;Adkvfygudkjznfh
wif;í uREfkyfuRefaeonf/ bkef;BuD;aom rif;jzpfawmfrlí qifcsif;,SOfí rwdkuf0Hh&dSonf/
om;orufnDwdkUudk qD;BudKícHapaomfvnf; bkef;BuD;aomrif;\ rª;rwfawmfwdkUudkrQrcHEdkif
acs ysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufonf/ bkef;BuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;oem;awmfrlygí uREfkyfom;
orufnDwdkUudk vTwfawmfrlygvQif opömawmfcHí wESpfudk wdkufqif 30-aiG 300 weoFm&D
oabFmtaumuftcGefudkqufygrnf/ ,ckvnf; ysyfBuD;ysyfi,fudk&dScdk;vufaqmifawmf quf
ygrnf[lí pmwGifygonf/ vufaqmifawmfvnf; uwåDygpdrf; ç uwDåygeD ç ouúvyfpdrf; ç
ouúvyfeD ç ykqdk;aumif;{ueH ç o[H ç rl&DywåKeD ç zufcefU ç aZmfu&wf ç ydwf&rxD ç eHYom
u&rwf ç tausmfprÜm ç ESif;a&rsm;pGmqufonf/
 216 - ,kd;',m;bk&ifukd,fpm;nD 2-a,mufudkopömay;ta&;NyD;aomtcg taqmifta,mifay;yk
H
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; ,dk;'&m;bk&ifu avQmufvdkufaom &mZoHudkMum;awmfrlvQif
eE´oMuøudkjrifvSayonf[lícsD;rGrf;awmfrlNyD;vQif vufawmfESpfbufwGif0wfaom vufaumuf ç
vufpGyf ç qifrwpD;qkay;awmfrlonf/ aomufuwJ; ç ydóavmuf odkUcsDpdrfhrnf [lí pD&ifawmfrl
aom ppfudkvnf; ½kwfawmfrlonf/
,dk;',m;oHwdkUudkvnf;ac:awmfrlí ,dk;',m;pm;uavQmufpmwGif opömawmfudkcHí trIawmf
udkxrf;ygrnfavQmufonfta&;omta&;jzpfonf/ igvnf;bk&m;qkudkawmif;awmfrlaomrif;jzpfonf
rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif oHwdkUudk ,kd;',m;odkUvTwfawmfrlí jyef&av\/ ,dk;',m;bk&ifvnf;oHwdkUa&mufí
b0&Sifrif;w&m; trdefUawmfcGef;udkMum;vQif ysyfBuD;ysyfi,f qifawmfESpfpD;udk a½TBudK;a½TEG,fESifhwuG
tjypfvGwfaom qifaygufESpfpD;udkvnf; oOÆmvDuESifhwuG vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifh ,dk;',m;
bk&iforuf Mo,mydóavmufESifh Mo,mok0PÖavmufwdkU ,dk;',m;bk&ifukd,fpm; b0&Sifrif;w&m;
ajc&if;awmfodkUvSmí vufaqmifqufNyD;vQif opömcHvSmonf/b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf;vufaqmif
awmfudkodrf;,lNyD;vQif ,dk;',m;bk&ifnD Mo,mydóavmuf Mo,mok0PÖ ESpfa,mufwdkUudk opömawmf
ay;ap\/
,if;odkUrS wdkufyGJwGif &awmfrlaom ,dk;',m;bk&ifom;orufnDtvwfudkxm;&muvTwfawmf
rlí t0wftpm;wef;qmyvmqif,ifapíwJ;awmfOD;odkU ac:awmfrlNyD;vQif ,dk;',m;bk&ifom;a½TuGrf;
cGuf&Spfajr§mifh ywåjrm;okH;&pfpD a½Twaumif;bkH;ywåjrm;pDç vufbuftdk;ywåjrm;pDç a½TaxG;cHç ywåjrm;pD
xm; ç a½TBudK;a½TuESifh qifrwpD; ç a½Tcsuf 4-pif; ç pnfudk;vkH; ç a½TESJ;ESpfç a½Tc&mESpfç aiGc&mESpfay;
awmfrlonf/
,kd;',m;bk&ifnDudk a½TuGrf;cGufajcmufajr§mifh ywåjrm;w&pfpDç vufbuftdk;ywåjrm;w&pfpDç
waumif;bkH;ywåjrm;w&pfpDç rdk;BudK;axG;cHç qifaygufwpD;aygif;0ef; ç a½TuoOÆmvDuESifh qifrwpD;ç
a½TcsyfESpfpif; ç pnf 7-vkH; ç a½TESJ 3ç a½Tc&m 3-ay;awmfrlonf/
,dk;',m;bk&iforufudkvnf; a½TuGrf;ajcmufajr§muf ywåjrm;w&pfpDç waumif;bkH; ç ywåjrm;
w&pfpDç rdk;BudK;axG;cHç qifaygufwpD; ç aygif;0ef;a½TuGyfç oOÆmvDuESifh qifrwpD;ç a½TcsufESpfpif; ç
pnf 7-vkH; ç a½TESJ; 3-a½Tc&m 3-ay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS opömawmfcH&onf/
opömawmfcHvSmaom ,dk;',m;bk&ifnD Mo,mydóavmufudkvnf; ,dk;',m;bk&iforufenf;
wl taqmifta,mif xD; ç pnfay;awmfrlonf/ nDwa,muf Mo,mok0PÖavmufudkvnf; - a½T
usyfç vufbuftdk; ç jrif;BudK;utpkH ay;awmfrlonf/
onfjyif&awmfrlaom a'gAnm;wdkUudkvnf; xdkolwdkUESifh txdkuftavsmuftaqmifta,mif
pm;cGufpm;a,mufay;awmfrlonf/ ,dk;',m;ppfonf&awmfrlorQudkvnf; vTwfawmfrlonf/ ,kd;',m;
om;wdkUjyefaví 8-&uf&dSvQif b0&Sifrif;w&m; wyfpOftwdkif;"m;avmif;c&D;udkjyefawmfrlonf/ c&D;
jyif;írvdkufEdkifaom Adkvfygqifjrif;wdkUudkvnf;armfvNrdKifpm;Anm;OD;udktyfíxm;awmfrlNyD;rSarmfvNrdKif
ucsDawmfrlí(910) udk;&mhwq,fjynfh wefcl;vqef;okH;&ufaeU [Hom0wDaejynfawmfodkU jyefawmfrl
onf/
 217 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;ay:wluDukvm;ESifh aygif;í ysufpD;&ykHtaMumif;

þodkU bkef;vuf½kH;tmPmynmtjrifawmfESifh jynfhpkHawmfrlaom rif;onf raygif;abmftyf

aom ed,wrdpäm'd|djzpfaom ukvm;b,if*sDwa,mufESifh aygif;abmfawmfrlaomaMumifh jrwfaomrif;
\w&m;rSa½GUvsmawmfrlacsonf/
xdkukvm;b,if*sDtaMumif;um; - ydpö&mZfrif; wljzpfaom ukvm;wa,mufudk OD;&D;jzpfaom
ydpö&mZfrif;onf oabFm 7-pif;ul½Gufw&mESifh tpnfNrdKUudkwdkufav[lí apvdkuf\/ ydpö&mZfrif;wl
vnf; rmvdPNrdKUodkUa&mufvQif tajrmufaq;usnfaphrsm;pGmwifcJhí tpnfNrdKUudkwdkufav\/ tpnf
rif;vnf; oabFmul½Gwftrsm;ESifhqD;íwdkufvQif ydpö&mZfrif;wlysufí ul½Gwfwq,fç vlokH;&mcefUESifh
rkwårqdyfodkUa&mufvSm\/ rkwårpm;vnf; ydpö&mZfrif;wlESifhvlokH;&mcefUudkbrf;íqufvSm\/ b0&Sif
rif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; jrifawmfrlvQif tjyiftvsmodrfarGUEl;nHUonfESifhoem;awmfrlíaep&mtdrfaumif;
rGefpGmay;awmfrlí ae&onf/
waeUoü b0&Sifrif;w&m;awmupm;awmfrl&modkU ukvm;udkac:awmfrlí vdkuf&onf/ awm
odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif pufawmfwGifpum;yGifhudkxm;íukvm;udkaoewfypfaponf/ tcsufwdkif;ypfrSef
aom[l\/ ,if;odkUvQif twdkif;xuftvGefoem;awmfrlí twGif;apudk,fvkyfawmfwa,mufESifh pkH
bufawmfrlonf/ ae&mvnf;ay;awmfrlonf/ udk,fvkyfawmfvnf; ukvm;ESifhusifvnfMuvQif ukvm;
wdkUokH;aqmifpm;aomufaom trJ;tqm;pm;bG,faomuf&mwdkUudk tyGwftñGwfaumif;rGefpGmvkyfíb0
&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;udkrjywfqufonf/ xkdrSwyg;vnf; ,pf0apwwfaompjypf&nfudk pD&ifíquf
onf/ xdkpjypf&nfonfum;-aomufvQifcsdKjrufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;vnf; tvGefESpfodrfhawmfrlí
ukvm;udkeef;xufodkUac:awmfrlNyD;vQif tyg;awmfwGifaeapíaomufpm;&\/
þodkUaomufpm;awmfrlbefrsm;vwfaom ukvm;wdkUbmomt&ufudkaumif;vSatmifjyefícsuf
NyD;vQif ysm;&nfESifha&mícsufjyef\/ xdkt&ufudkaomufawmfrlvQif t,lawmfabmufjyefí þolr,m;
udkxdkoludk/ xdkolr,m;udk þoludkay;í þodkUrtyfr&maom taMumif;t&mudk pD&ifawmfrlbd\/
olrvdkí þolonfroifhrwifhaomtMuHudk MuHonf[lí acsmavQmufonfudk [kwfr[kwfudk pDppf
awmfrrlNyD/ iifíomuGyfrsufawmfrlonf/
xdkodkUjyKbefrsm;vwfaomf bk&ifaemifawmf ausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; onftusifhonf{u&mZf
rif;wdkU\tusifhr[kwf/ okH;pGJ;awmfrlonfudk y,fawmfrlrSoifhrnf[lí tbefwvJ;vJ;avQmufaomf
vnf; aoESifhtuRrf;0ifNyD;jzpfí jynftvkH;udk bk&ifaemifawmfompD&ifav/ ighudkravQmufESifhawmh/
igrlum;-a½Teef;awmfwGifpHaysmfawmfrlí aeawmfrlrnf rdefUawmfrlonf/ &HbefnDvmcHxGufawmfrlEdkif
onf/ &Hbefvnf;xGufawmfrrlEdkif/ þuJhodkU &dSbefrsm;vwfaom bk&ifaemifawmfausmfxifaemf&xm
vnf; twGif;awmfwGif apygawmfrlaom rif;nDrif;om; rif;rª;rwfwdkUudk cefUjim;awmfrlí tyg;awmf
wGifudk,fESifh ruGm nOfh 2-csufwD;ausmf okH;csufwD;atmifapmifhí aeawmfrlonf/ pufawmfac:í
aysmfawmfrlrS ,kHMunfaumif;aom trª;trwfwdkUudktapmifhtaecefUawmfrlí tdrfodkUjyefawmfrlonf/
rdk;aomufvQifvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;pufawmfac:&murEdk;cif eef;awmfodkU wufawmfrlíjynfa&;½GmrI
udk pD&ifawmfrlonf/
þuJhodkUudk,fawmfESifhruG MuyfrpD&ifaomaMumifh trª;trwfwdkUwGifowfavtrdefUawmf&dSonf
rsm;udk 0Sufxm;awmfrlí toufudkvGwfaponf/ bk&ifaemifawmfrodaomolwdkUomaoavonf/ þ
uJhodkU jzpfbefrsm;vwfaomf wvdkif;trwf jrefrmtrwfwdkUonf ½kH;pkwdkifyifí bk&ifaemifawmfudkþuJh
odkUavQmufukef\/ ,ckonfjynf½GmNidrf0yfEdkifrnfta&;r&dSNyD/ nDawmfbk&m;udk vkHjcHKatmifxm;NyD;vQif
bkef;BuD;onfht&Sifeef;wufawmfrlawmfh uRefawmfwdkUt&SiftrIawmfxrf;ygawmfrnf[líavQmufukef\/
rif;w&m;aemifawmfvnf; tudkwdkUighwdkUb0&Sifaus;Zl;awmf opömawmfESpfyg;&dSacsonf/ onfpum;udk
igomMum;ap/ tjcm;rMum;apESifhoAÁnKwbk&m;w&m;awmfrSmvnf;rawmfrrSefrapmifhusifhaomolonf
tESpfw&myifae&jim;aomfvnf; awmfrSefajzmifhrwfoolwaeUae&onfudk rwef[lía[mawmfrlonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;pdwfawmfudk rsOf;ajzmifhítusdK;taMumif;udkavQmufygOD;rnf/ odkUavQmufonfudk
,lawmfrrlEdkifaomfvnf; tudkwdkUigwdkUapmifríom trIawmfudkxrf;Mu&rnf/ roifhrwifhaom tMuH
udk MuHíroifhacs/ tudkwdkUudk,fa&;rSmvnf; ig&dSavNyD;onf/ rnfonfrQrpdk;&drfESifhtudkwdkUpm;jrJ;aom
pnf;pdrfESifh jidrfoufpGmaeMu[lí rdefUawmfrlvQif rif;rª;rif;rwftaygif;wdkUvnf; txl;ravQmuf0Hhukef/
OD;csíqdwfqdwfaeMuukef\/
,if;odkUrS b0&Sifaemifawmf þodkUrdefUawmfrljyefonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;onf a&SUü jyKbl;
aomtukodkvfuHESifhavsmfpGmr&yfrwnf½ª;oGyfíyif&dSawmfrlaomfvnf; tudkwdkUighwdkUMuyfríydwfqdkUqD;
um&rnfudk jynf½Gmpaemifpeif&dSrnfavm[k rdefUawmfrlonf/ rª;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkUvnf; t&Sif
rSwyg;udk;uG,f&mr&dSNyD[lí avQmufukefonf/ bk&ifaemifawmfvnf; xdkaeUrSpí jynfa&;½GmrIudk rvpf
rvyf&atmif pD&ifawmfrlonf/ ydpö&mZfrif;wl ukvm;bk&if*sDudkvnf; oabFmwpif;ESifh t&if;tESD;a½T
aiGay;í ukvm;jynfodkUjyef&avonf/
 218 - awmifiludkoD[oltm;ay;ykH

ouú&mZf(910) udk;&mhwq,fhjynfhwGif awmifiludkrif;jyKaom bk&ifaemifcrnf;awmf rif;&J;

oD[oltedpöa&mufawmfrlí om;awmftvwfudk oD[ol[laomtrnfESifh auwkrwDjrdKUudkay;awmfrl
onf/
,if;odkUaomtcg rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUu b0&Sifrif;aemifawmfonf vdIifNrdKUESifhrxdkuf
wef/ auwkrwDNrdKUudkay;awmfrlaomf oifhrnfxifoonf[l avQmufMuonfudk udk,fawmfudkvufñdS;
ñTefí jyawmfrlonf/ bk&ifaemifonf ighudk,fawmfjzpfawmhonf[lívnf; trdefUawmf&dSonf/
 215 - ,dk;',m;rif;uoHapí avQmufvSmykH

'Gg&0wDrnfaom ,dk;',m;NrdKUudkpm;aom jAom"d&mZoHawmfOD;wif0Hhaom b0&Sifrif;

w&m;csDvSmNyD[lí Mum;vQif qifpD;csif;wdkufrS oifhrnf[ktvkH;t&if; qifjrif;Adkvfygudkjznfh
wif;í uREfkyfuRefaeonf/ bkef;BuD;aom rif;jzpfawmfrlí qifcsif;,SOfí rwdkuf0Hh&dSonf/
om;orufnDwdkUudk qD;BudKícHapaomfvnf; bkef;BuD;aomrif;\ rª;rwfawmfwdkUudkrQrcHEdkif
acs ysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufonf/ bkef;BuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;oem;awmfrlygí uREfkyfom;
orufnDwdkUudk vTwfawmfrlygvQif opömawmfcHí wESpfudk wdkufqif 30-aiG 300 weoFm&D
oabFmtaumuftcGefudkqufygrnf/ ,ckvnf; ysyfBuD;ysyfi,fudk&dScdk;vufaqmifawmf quf
ygrnf[lí pmwGifygonf/ vufaqmifawmfvnf; uwåDygpdrf; ç uwDåygeD ç ouúvyfpdrf; ç
ouúvyfeD ç ykqdk;aumif;{ueH ç o[H ç rl&DywåKeD ç zufcefU ç aZmfu&wf ç ydwf&rxD ç eHYom
u&rwf ç tausmfprÜm ç ESif;a&rsm;pGmqufonf/
 220 - bk&ifhaemifawmfoHvsifodkUcsD&jcif;

b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; xdktaMumif;udkMum;awmfrlvQif bk&ifaemifcsDrSom ta&;awmfNyD;

vG,frnftrdefUawmf&dSonfudk bk&ifaemifþodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ ,ckolykefudkvnf; aus;pGef½Gm
vufwdkUudk zsufqD;í wcsufwvufxnf;jzpfMuvQif tiftm;BuD;í tvkyftMuHrsm;&rnfrSmvnf; t
rSefjzpfawmhonf/ bk&ifudk,fawmfucGgí csD&rnfvnf; tcufyifjzpfawmfhonf[lí avQmufonfudk
olykefwdkUtiftm;BuD;vSonf[lí igMum;awmfrlonf/ rnfrnf&m&m trª;trwfwdkUudkcefUawmfrlíta&;
tvQifrNyD;acs/ aemifawmfcsDrSom ta&;awmfNyD;vG,frnf/ ightyg;awmfwGifvnf; awmifilpm; oD[olç
rkwårpm; apmvuGef;tdefçordefapmxGwfwdkU&dSavNyD;onf/ tvsifcsDrSoifhrnf[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/
bk&ifaemifausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; tmPmudk rqefEdkifí nDawmf oD[olç apmvuGef;tdefç ordefapm
xGwfwdkUudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;tyg;awmfwGif tapmifhtaecefUxm; pDrHawmfrlí oHvsifodkUcsDawmfrlonf
udk pD&ifawmfrlonfum; - nDawmf eE´a,mf"mwwyfç OZemwwyfç ordef;&J;oif;&Hwwyfç nDawmf
oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyfçoD&d"r®&wfwwyfçoD&daZ,saemf&xmwwyfçordefjAydkufwwyfçordefoHus,f
wwyfç eE´ausmfxifwwyfç ordefaZmu&wfwwyfç eE´oMuøwwyfç ordefoHvdkufwwyfç ordefy&rf;
wwyfç Anm;£E´wwyf onfaemufrS bk&ifaemifawmf t&yf 7-awmif&dSaom ]]Oaygoxm}}qifawmf
udka½TBudK;a½TuwifípD;awmfrlonf/ wyfrawmfwGif eE´yMuHudkwyfrª; aZ,sAvudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrl
onf/ vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç wk&ifa,mf"mjrif;wyfç a'0ol&jrif;wyfç onfjrif;wyfav;wyfESifh wyf
aygif; 19-wyfwGifygonf wdkufqifESpf&mç jrif;av;axmifç Adkvf&Spfaomif;ESifh csDawmfrlonf/ oHvsif
odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif ppfrsufESmokH;aMumif;jzefUí wdkufawmfrlonf/ ordefaxm&mr ppfonfAdkvfyg
qifjrif;vufeufud&d,m enf;aomaMumifh ysufav\/ ordefaxm&mrvnf; ½kH;rdorQaom tvkH;
t&if;ESifh taemuf aus;pGefodkUajy;av\/
bk&ifaemifawmfvnf; oHvsifudkatmifawmfrlí ordefaxm&mrajy;avaMumif;udk avQmufapí
Mum;awmfrlvQif bk&ifaemifawmfudk 'vNrdKUwGif tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG tcdkiftvkHaeav[lí apawmfrl
onf/ bk&ifaemifawmfvnf; 19-wyfom;ESifh 'vwGifaeawmfrlonf/
 221 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;yef;wa&mfwyfodkU ,m,Dajymif;pHykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; ouú&mZf(911)udk;&mhwq,fhwckwydkUwGJ;vwGif Zmwmawmf

roefU,m,D&dSonf[k ynm&dSwdkUavQmufí wdkufqifw&mç jrif;ESpf&mç ppfonfol&J;av;aomif;ESifh
[Hom0wDuonf yef;wa&mfwyfawmfodkUajymif;íaeawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg awmifilpm;oD[oludk
[Hom0wDwGifae&onf/ ppfawmif;NrdKUudkvnf; rif;a[mvGefí ordefapmxGwfudkay;awmfrlonf/
ordefapmxGwfESifh ordefapmvuGef;tdefudk tyg;awmfwGif nOfhaeae&onf/ ordefapmxGwf nDESpf
a,mufudkvnf; vuf0J;xm;rª; vufsmxm;rª;cefUawmfrlonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;vnf; yef;wa&mf
wyfawmf wGifwvcefUaeawmfrlNyD;vQif &cdkifwyfodkUajymif;íaeawmfrljyefonf/ &cdkifwyfwGif aeawmfrl
pOfwGif ta&SUbuf uom[laomt&yfwGif qifjzLay:onf[k ppfawmif;pm; ordefapmxGwf avQmuf
onfudk ,kHMunfawmfrlí uomodkUul;awmfrlonf/ tifvdwfbk&m;teD;wGif wyfrcsíaeawmfrlonf/
apmvuGef;tdefudkvnf; igqifjzL&Hawmfrlrnf/ rkwårNrdKUrS &JrufAdkvfyg½kH;pkacs[lí rkwårNrdKUudk
apawmfrlonf/ apmvuGef;tdefvnf; udk,fawmfESifh uRefawmfudkruGmapESifh bk&m;aemifawmfrSmonf
[lítBudrfBudrfavQmufaomfvnf; ordefapmxGwf&dSavNyD oGm;avawmhtrdefUawmf&dSvQif tmPmudk
rqef0Hhí rkwårokdUcsD&avonf/
 222 - rif;w&m;a½TxD;ewf½GmpH&jcif;taMumif;

apmvuGef;tdeftyg;awmfwGif r&dSvQif ppfawmif;pm; ordefapmxGwfvnf; nDawmf vuf0J;

"m;rª; vufsm;"m;rª;ESifhtxufu wdkifyif&if;&dSonfjzpfí ouú&mZf(912)udk;&mhwq,fhESpfck uqkefv
jynfhausmf w&uf 4-[l;aeUodkU t0ifnOfh 3-csufwD;ausmfwGif b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;pufawmfac:pOf
vuf0J;"m;rª;nOfhudk rdrdpGJaom "m;jzifhvkyfMuHavonf/ Oau©mif;jywfí ovGefawmfatmufodkUpOfus
avonfudk rdk;aomufrSMunfh½IMuaomf touf&dSaom oluJhodkUrsufawmifwcwfcwf&dSonf/ aeU
wcsufwD;ausmfrSNidrf;aom[l\/ xdktaMumif;udk aZmwd,m,Hq&mawmfMum;vQif [Hom0wDjynfBuD;
udk wvdkif;wdkUOD;pGef;rjyK&acs/ jrefrmOD;pGef;jyKvrnf[lí bwfav\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;tavmif;
awmfudkvnf; q&mawmfBuD;awmif;yefí aumif;rGefpGmoN*ØK[fNyD;vQif t½dk;awmfudk a½Ttdk;ESifhxnfhí
oefUjyefUpGmaomt&yfüjr§Kyfav\/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;um;- tdrfedrhf 15/ pnf;pdrf 20/ odkUt0ifwGifouf
awmf 35/ ESpfü ewfjynfpHawmfrlacsonf/ eHawmf 4-[lom;wnf;/
 223 - ordefapmxGwfonf ordefpuúa0gcHí rif;jyKykH

ppfawmif;pm;ordefapmxGwfvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m; vkyfMuHNyD;vQif tyg;awmfwGif&dSaom

trª;trwf olaumif;om;ajr;wdkUbrf;í owfav\/ tcsdKUvnf; [Hom0wDodkUajy;av\/ tcsdKUvnf;
awmifilodkUajy;av\/ tcsdKUvnf; rkwårodkUajy;av\/ ,if;okdUrS rif;w&m;a½TxD;wGifygaom qifvkH;
jrif;&if;wdkUudk odrf;,lí rdrdESifhtvdkwlaom trª;trwfacgif;tBuD;wdkUudk opömay;NyD;vQif ]]ordefpuú
a0g}}[laom trnfudkcHíppfawmif;NrdKUudkrif;jyKav\/ aemuf[Hom0wDudkcsDí rif;jyKav\/ b0&Sif
rif;w&m; a½TxD;ewfjynfpHawmfrlvQif tyg;awmfwGif apygawmfrlaom wk&ifoD[trwfonf wyf
awmfuajy;xGufcJhíavSi,fwpif;udk&vQif uRef&Spfa,mufESifhavSpD;í r&DpGef[laom t&yfodkUul;ínOfh
3-csufwD;ausmfudk [Hom0wDodkUa&mufvSmonf/
wk&ifoD[a&mufí taMumif;rsdK;udkbk&ifaemifawmfrdbk&m;Mum;awmfrlvQif,if;onftaMumif;
rsm;udk pma&;í ajrmufom;awmf&dS&m 'vNrdKUodkU wk&ifoD[udkyifapawmfrlonf/ bk&ifaemif nDawmf
oD[olum;- [Hom0wDwGif&dSaom qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh trª;trwfwdkUudkac:íawmifilNrdKUudk tjyif;csDí
NrdKUjyusHK;ajrmif; uwkyf&ifwm;jyifqifNyD;vQif ]]rif;acgif}}[laomtrnfudkcHíjcm;em;av\/ ordefapm
xGwfvnf; ]]ordefpuúa0g}}[laom trnfudkcHíppfawmif;wGifwvcGJ;cefUaeNyD;vQif oD[ol[Hom0wD
uonf awmifilodkUoGm;NyDMum;vQif [Hom0wDudkcsDvSmonf/ a&mufvQif a½Teef;udkwufírif;jyKav
onf/
jynfrif;owdk;"r®&mZmvnf; ]]owdk;}}[laomtrnfudkcHí jynfNrdKUudkjcm;em;av\/ ajrwJ; ç
pukç pvif; ç abmif;vif; v,fudkif; ç ykcef;i,fç pOfhulç pavç yk*Hç ioa&mufç wk½Gif;wdkifç
ausmufyef;awmif; y|e*dkç awmifwGif; ç onfNrdKUrsm;vnf; rdrdwdkUNrdKUudktcdkiftvkHcsnf;aeMuavonf/
wvdkif;jynfokH;&yfvnf; tpkpkjcm;em;av\/
 224 - bk&ifhaemifawmf 'vwGifcefU&efpDrH&ykH

bk&ifaemifawmf ausmfxifaemf&xmvnf; &Sifrdbk&m;uapvSmaom wk&ifoD[a&mufí

taMumif;rsdK;udk aphipGmMum;awmfrlvQif 'vwGif&dSaom jrefrmtrwf wvdkif;trwf &Srf;trwfwdkUudkac:
íwdkifyifawmfrlonf/ tcsdKUaom trª;trwfuvnf; [Hom0wDudktvQifwdkufawmfrlí tcdkiftvkHae
awmfrlrS oifhrnf[lí avQmufMuonf/ tcsdKUaomtrª;trwfuvnf;[Hom0wDrSm&dSavaom&Sifrdbk&m;
udk ,lawmfrlí 'vNrdKUwGif tcdkiftvkHt&yftaejyKawmfrlNyD;rS[Hom0wDNrdKUoa&acwå&mNrdKUwdkUudkvkyfMuH
awmfrlrS oifhrnf[líavQmufMuonf/ ,if;aomtcg &efatmifAv[laom trwfavQmufonfum;
,ckjynfa&;udk axmufaomf0g;tpnf;jynfouJhodkUu&J;uoDupOfhuvsm;wvdkif;jrefrm &Srf;wdkUonf
tpkpk&dSacsonf/ odkU&mwGif 'vNrdKUonf wvdkif;wdkUt&dyft&mvnf;jzpfacsonf/ wvdkif;wdkUtiftm;udk
axmufaom ysm;tkHudkvufrxdapmufouJhodkU&dSacsonf/ uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmrlum;-enf;acsonfjzpf
aomaMumifh wvdkif;trwfBuD;wdkUudk opömawmfay;í '*kHç 'vç "EkjzLç ulxGufç [oFmwç vdkifonfNrdKU
rsm;udk aus;pm;cefUawmfrlNyD;rS crnf;awmf aejynfawmfauwkrwDodkUcsDawmfrlrSoifhrnf[líem;awmf
avQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;aemifawmfvnf; onfta&;onfoifhvSonf[lírdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif trwfBuD;
wdkUudk opömawmfay;í taemufNrdKUwvTm;udkaus;pm;csnf;xnfhcJhí tvkH;t&if; qifjrif;trsm;ESifh
auwkrwDodkU '*kHu ul;awmfrlonf tjyif;nOfhaeUrqdkcsDawmfrlonf/ ,if;uonf "EkawmodkUa&muf
awmfrlonf/ ,if;uonf raumfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif [Hom0wDodkU r0ifbJ;"m;uRefawmifudkoef;í
csDawmfrlonf/ "m;uRefawmifwGif ordefpuúa0guAnm;'vudk qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh qD;BudKwdkufvSm&
onf/ xdkodkUwdkufvSmaomfvnf; &efwkefUjyKawmfrrl/ yuwdtm;jzifhcsDawmfrlonf/ tMuifOyrmum;-
awmokH;axmifudktpkd;&aom auo&mZmjcaoFhrif;onf jrL;wl;pHy,faomtcg ajracG; ç ajrmif;acG; wdkU
onf &efjyKvdkaomiSg csif;wdkUtoHjzifha[mifaomfvnf; rwkefrvIyfraMumuf r½GHUjcif;ESifh jynfhpkHpGmwnf
wHhouJhodkU trSwfrJhcsDawmfrlonf/ [ifcaEG[laomt&yfodkU a&mufawmfrlvQif &Sifrdbk&m;acgifvnf;
[Hom0wDu ta>ct&Htaygif;ESifh a½Ta0gpD;íxGufvSmawmfrlonfudkawGUawmfrl&mwGifrS nDawmfoD[
ol&bk&ifrif;acgifcHí awmifiludkjcm;em;avaMumif;udk aphikpGmodawmfrlonf/
,if;urS awmifilodkUra&mufcif q,fwdkifausmfcefU ½GmopfBuD;ta&SUvGifv[mwGifaeawmf rlí
wyfcif;wyf&m taetxm;udkMunfh½Iawmfrlaomf ta&SUvnf; aygif;avmif;jrpfESifheD;onf/ awmifil
NrdKUESifhvnf; wpcef;jcm;onf/ onft&yfonfoifhjrwfvSonf[lí ynm&dSwkdUavQmufvQif NrdKUopf½Gm
wGifwyfcsíaeawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg wk&ifawmfudkifapaom wvdkifrwrdwpfç xm; uRef;pm;
jAw¦rwpfç &Srf;trwfjzwfpwpf onfokH;a,mufonf c&D;odkUa&mufrS om;r,m;udk ,lrnf[lí [Hom
0wD odkUjyefavonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; NrdKUopfa&ykyfwyfawmfudk ]]aZ,s0wD}} [laom
trnfudk orkwfawmfrlí qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh Adkvf0ifcHíaeawmfrlonf/
 225 - ta&;t&mudkajr§mufaxmufawmfrlykH

ESpfvcefU&dSvQif nDawmfoD&daZ,sausmfxif nDawmftvwf eE´a,mf"mtp&dSaom rª;awmf

rwfawmf a'gAnm;taygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonfum; - [Hom0wDodkUjyefcsD
í t½kH;tpktnDtñGwfr&dScif vkyfMuHawmfrl&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm/ onfwGiftaetxm;usatmif
pD&ifawmfrlí taetxm;usNyD;rS auwkrwDodkUcsDawmfrl (aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm[lí ta&;t&mudk
wdkifyifawmfrlaomf? tcsdKUaom trª;trwfwdkUuvnf; [Hom0wDodkUtvsifcsDí vkyfMuHawmfrlrSoifh
rnfavQmufMuonf/ tcsdKUtrwfwdkUuvnf; wvdkif;jrefrmajy;ykef;avonfrsm;udk onfwGif pk½kH;awmf
rlítaetxm;usNyD;rS auwkrwDodkUcsDawmfrlrS) oifhrnfta&;udkavQmufMuonf/ ,if;aomtcg oD&d
aZ,saemf&xm[laomtrwfavQmufonfum;-,ckta&;udkaxmufaomf aES;aES;jznf;jznf;vkyfMuHawmf
rl&rnf ta&;r[kwf/ vsifvsifaqmfaqmfppfOD;bDvl;yg vkyfMuHawmfrl&rnfta&; jzpfonf/ nDawmf
rif;acgifvnf; awmifilae&if;r[kwf/ ,m,Domjzpfonf/ ta&;t&mrnDñGwfcif aumwkrwDodkUt
vsifcsDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrlrSoifhrnfxifonf[kem;awmfavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;
vnf;oD&daZ,saemf&xm avQmufaomta&;onf oifhvSonf[lírdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif awmifilodkUcsDawmf
rlrnfudk pD&ifcefUxm;awmfrlpOfwGif tdrfrufawmfjrifawmfrlonfum; - o&ufwcdkifwGif 5-vkH;oD;
onf tacgifqkH;o&ufoD;udkqGwfípm;awmfac:rufonf/ onftdrfruftvdkaomfum; - nDawmf
vnf; rif;acgiftrnfcHí auwkrwDudkrif;jyKonf/ rif;acgifrSm(tacgifu) o&ufoD;udkpm;awmfac:
rufonfESifhtnDnDawmfudk,fESifhwuG auwkrwDNrdKUtvkH;udk &awmfrlrnf[lí bwfawmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg [Hom0wDrSmvnf; ordefapmxGwfonf ppfawmif;ucsDí [Hom0wDrSmeef;
wufonfudk rª;BuD;rwfcdkifwdkUrnDrñGwfí okH;vcefU&dSvQif eef;ucsí rkwårrSm&dSaom ordefaxm&mr
udkcsD;yifhíeef;wifav\/
 226 - wvdkif;wdkU0ifpm;vSmykHtaMumif;

[Hom0wDwGif&dSaom tJ;rGefw&mwpfç pE´a,mf"mwpfç &J;a,mf"mwpfç wk&ifAvwpfç om&um

rª;wpfç oayghrª;wpfç Anm;z½ª;om;tdrfrGwfawmfwpfç onfvlwdkUonf wvdkif;uRefrcHNyD[líom;r,m;
wdkU,lí ta>ct&HtvkH;t&if; vlokH;axmifausmfcefUESifh b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;ajc&if;awmfodkU a&mufvSm
\/ ta&SUbufrkwåruvnf; tJ;y&J;wpfç pE´&moDwpfç ydkufujrifwpfç onfokH;a,mufESifh rª;om;
rwfom; wusdyfausmfwdkUonf om;r,m;aus;uRefvlw&mausmfcefUESifh ajc&if;awmfodkUa&mufvSm\/
awmifiluvnf; b,aZ,swpfç qifrª;Avausmfolwpfç awmifilol&J;rª;wpfç twGif;oif;rª;wpfç
onfolwdkUvnf; txufurif;w&m;a½TxD;r&dSaemuf rif;acgifawmifilodkUcsDvSmpuyif ajy;xGufíawm
rSmykef;onf/ aemufESpfvausmfcefU&dSrSajc&if;awmfodkUta>ct&HvlckESpf&mausmfESifha&mufvSmonf/b0&Sif
rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; a&mufvSmaom trª;trwfacgif;tBuD;wdkUudk qkvmbfay;awmfrlíopömawmf
cHNyD;vQif trIxrf;&onf/
 227 - awmifilodkUcsDí&HawmfrlaMumif;

,if;okdUrS auwkrwDodkUcsDrnfudk cefUxm;awmfrlonfum; - vufsm&J;wdkif jrif;waxmifESifh

wwyfç wk&ifAvjrif;waxmifESifh wwyfç onfjrif;ESpfwyfudk a&SUcsD&onf/ aemufoD&daZ,sausmfxif
wwyfç nDawmf tvwf eE´a,mf"mwwyfç nDawmf ti,frif;&J;ausmfxifwwyfç om;awmf rif;&J;
ausmfpGmwwyfç oD&daZ,saemf&xmwwyfç vuf0J;b,wwyfç ajrmufawmifrª;b,eE´olwwyfç
tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç oD&"r®&wfwwyfç eE´pnfolwwyfç ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;aemuf
wyfrjyKí csDawmfrlonf/ wyfawmfwGif eE´olukd wyfrª;ç &mZwrefudkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/ jrif;wyf
ESpfwyfESifh wuGwyfaygif; 12-wyfwGifygonfh wdkufqifESpf&mç jrif;ESpfaxmifç ppfonfol&J;
&Spfaomif;ESifhMunf;aMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ a&wyfaygif;csD&mrSm &mZAvwwyfç eE´a,mf"mwwyfç
&mZoMuøwwyfç pGefw&mwwyfç ZdwfjyJ;wwyfç b,oMuøwwyfç onfajcmufwyfwGif b,oMuøudk
Adkvfrª;cefUawmfrlonf/ om&umrª;ESifh awmifilol&J;rª;udk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/ ajcmufwyfwGifygonfh
uwåKvGef;usif w&mhokH;q,fç avSmfum;aMumhavSckESpfq,fç ppfonfol&J;waomif;ajcmufaxmif
onfavSrsm;wGif NrdKUNzdKtajrmufBuD;rsm;udk wifcJh&onf/ þodkUa&tm;Munf;tm;pD&ifawmfrlí
ouú&mZf(912)udk;&mh wq,fhESpfck awmfovif;vjynfhausmfESpf&uf t*FgaeU auwkrwDodkUcsDawmfrl
onf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif nDawmfoD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyfç nDawmfti,f rif;&J;ausmfxifwwyfç
vuf0J;b,wwyfç oD&daZ,saemf&xmwwyfç b,eE´olwwyfç onfig;wyfudk wdkufqifajcmuf
q,fç jrif;ckESpf&mç AdkvfESpfaomif;ig;axmifESifh uJ;vif;t&yfu wyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfí&H&onf/ ,if;okdU
a&tm;Munf;tm;&Hawmfrlonfudk bk&ifrif;acgifu wyfrwnf&atmif tBudrfBudrfxGufíwdkufonf/
rzsufqD;Edkifí wyfwnf& vQifNrdKUwGif;om;usOf;ajrmif;av\/
 228 qifjzLrsm;&SifawmifilwGifbdodufcHírif;jyKaMumif;

&Hí 4-vcefU&dSvQif NrdKUwGif;u rª;trwftacgif;tBuD;wdkUonfjyifwyfodkUajy;xGufvSmukef\/

ajc&if;awmfodkU a&mufvSmaom olwdkUudkvnf; opömawmfay;ítrIawmfudkxrf;&onf/trIxrf;r&dSvQif
awmifilbk&ifrif;acgifvnf; aMumuf½GHUjcif;jyif;pGmjzpfí crnf;awmfq&mbkef;awmfBuD;udkawmif;yefí
pnf;pdrfrysuftoufrao&dSygrnftaMumif;udk jyifwyfodkUxGufí avQmufvSm&onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;
BuD;bk&m;vnf; crnf;awmfq&mawmfudk þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ nDawmfrif;w&m;a½TxD;r&dSvQif uREfkyf
wdkUnDaemif ig;yg;onf wcsufwnf;½kH;pkí [Hom0wDudkae&onf&dSaomf cyfodrf;aom &efolwdkUonf
zsufqD;Edkifrnfr[kwf/ odkUudkoD[olonf trSm;udkMuHavaomaMumifh tvkyftMuHrsm;acsonf? ,if;
odkUvlrIü rvdrfrm&dSjim;aomfvnf; oD[olonf uREfkyfnDjzpfonf/ tjypfjyKomrnfr[kwf/ uREfkyf
vnf;txGwftjrwfa&mufavNyDonf/ uREfkyfaus;Zl;awmfudkcHxdkufooljzpfawmhonf[lí rdefUawmfrl
vQif ta&;[lorQukefí ouú&mZf(912) udk;&mhwq,fhESpfck wydkUwGJ;vqef; 3-&uf we*FaEGaeUta&;
awmfNyD;onf/ xdkodkUatmifjrifawmfrlvQif tvkt,ufEdkifxufpdkufuJ;rjyKapESifh[lí armifaMu;eif;ESifh
uHjrpfawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS auwkrwDwGif&dSaom rif;rª;rwfacgif;tBuD;trIxrf;taygif;wdkUudk opöm
awmfay;í trIawmfudkxrf;&onf/ ,if;odkU jynftvkH;udk pD&ifcefUxm;awmfrlNyD;rS ,m,Deef;aqmufí
bdodufcHawmfrlonf/
nDawmfoD&daZ,sausmfxifudk]]rif;&J;pnfol}}[laomtrnfESifhuGrf;cGuf&Spfajr§mifhçbufbuftdk;ç
waumif;bkH; ç ywåjrm;okH;&pfpDa½TaxG;cHç a½Tcsufav;pif; ç aygif;0ef;a½Txnfhç jrif;a½TBudK; a½Tuç a0g
yvmpnfudk;vkH; ç aiGESJ;ig;pif; ç aiGc&mig;pif; ç tpkHay;awmfrlonf/
nDawmf eE´a,mf"mudk ]]owdk;"r®&mZm}}[laom trnfESifh a½TuGrf;cGuf&Spfajr§mifhç vufbuftdk;ç
waumif;bkH; ç ywåjrm;ESpf&pfpDa½TaxG;cHç a½TcsufESpfpif; ç qifaygif;0ef;a½Txnfhç jrif;a½TBudK; a½Tuç
a0gyvmpnfig;vkH; ç a½TESJ; 3ç aiGc&m 3ç tpkHay;awmfrlonf/
nDawmf oD[oludk ]]rif;acgif}}[laomtrnfudkxyfíay;awmfrlonf/a½TuGrf;cGufajcmufajr§muf
vufbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç ywåjrm;w&pfpD a½TaxG;cHç csufESpfpif; ç qifaygif;0ef;a½Txnfhç jrif;a½T
BudK;a½Tuç a0gyvmpnfig;vkH; ç a½TESJ; 3ç aiGc&m 3ç tpkHay;awmfrlonf/
nDawmf aZ,seE´udk ]]rif;&Jausmfxif}}[laomtrnfESifh uGrf;cGufç vufbuftdk; çwaumif;bkH;ç
a½TaxGcHç a½Tcsufwpif; ç qifaygif;0ef;a½Tcsufç jrif;a½TBudK;a½Tuç pnfig;vkH;- aiGESJ;3ç aiGc&mESpfay;
awmfrlonf/
rif;aqGpdk;rsdK;rª;BuD;rwfBuD;wdkUudkvnf; trnft&nftaqmift½Guftxdkuftavsmufay;awmf
rlonf/ qifonfjrif;onf ol&J;olcuftaygif;wdkUudkvnf; txdkuftavsmuf aus;½Gma½TaiGt0wfykqdk;
ay;awmfrlonf/
aeawmfrlaom wJ;awmfudkvnf; ausmif;&H 40-ESifhwuG ausmif;BuD;aqmufawmfrlí q&mawmf
&Sifo'¨r®*k½ktm; vªawmfrlonf/ xD;w&ywf tp&dSaom y&du©&mwdkUudkvnf; teDcsnf;pD&ifí vªawmfrl
onf/ o&ax&fbk&m;nDaemifudkvnf; xD;cs&moD;uonf ajrwdkifatmifa½Txnfhawmfrlonf/
 229 - ta&;t&mudkwdkifyifñdSEdIif;ykH

,if;odkUrS auwkrwDNrdKUBuD;wGif taetxm;usatmif pD&ifawmfrlí nDawmf om;awmfrª;awmf

rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí,ck[Hom0wDodkUcsDawmfrlaomfvnf;oifhrnfavm/oa&acwå&mjynf
NrdKUudkcsDívkyfMuH&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm/ &wemyl&odkUprf;csDcsD&aomfvnf;aumif; oifhrnfavm[lí
rdefUawmfrlonfudktcsdKUaomrª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUvnf;auwkrwDwGifb0&Sifrif;w&m;aeawmfrlínDawmf
om;awmfwdkUudkt0odkUprf;csDcsDapaomf oifhrnfxifonf[líavQmufMuonf/tcsdKUaomrª;awmfrwfawmf
wdkUuvnf; [Hom0wDudktnDtñGwfr&dScif csDawmfrlrS oifhrnfxifonf[líavQmufMuonf/
,if;aomtcg eE´pnfolavQmufonfum; -,ckonfauwkrwDudktvdkawmfjynfhNyD/auwkrwD
wGifvnf; wvdkif;jrefrm &Srf;tpkpk&dSonf/ jrefrmudkaxmufaomfvnf;enf;acsonf/ jrefrmudkrsm;
atmifqnf;yl;awmfrl&OD;rnf/ [Hom0wDvnf; wvdkif;jynfjzpfí wvdkif;wdkUonfrsm;vSonf/ ,if;
odkUjzpfaomaMumifh oa&acwå&modkUtvsifcsDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrloifhao;onf/ Mumacsaomf jynf
pm; owdk;olonf tMuHtpnfrsm;ítrSDtcdk&Smcsdrfhrnf/ ,if;okdUvQif tvkyftMuHrsm;csdrfhrnf[líem;
awmfavQmufonf/
 230 - jynfNrdKUodkUcsDawmfrlí aus;vufrsm;udkodrf;,lykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; eE´pnfol avQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí oa&acwå&m

odkUcsDawmfrlrnfudk pD&ifawmfrlonf/ csD&aomwyfpOfum; vufsm&J;wdkifwwyfç &mZwrefjrif;wyfçwk&if
Avjrif;wyfç vufsma,mf"mjrif;wyfç vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wyf onfjrif;av;ig;wyfudka&SUcsD&onf/ onf
aemufnDawmfoD[olwwyfç nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmwwyfç nDawmfti,f rif;&J;ausmfxifwwyfç oD&d
aZ,saemf&xmwwyfç eE´pnfolwwyfç oD&d"r®&wfwwyfç tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç pE´a,mf"mwwyfç
vuf0J;b,wwyfç eE´ausmfxifwwyfç aersdK;ausmfxifwwyf ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;
wyfrjyKcsDawmfrlonf/ wyfrawmfwGif ouf&Snfausmfxifudk wyfrSL; &mZa,mf"mudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrl
onf/ jrif;ig;wyfESifhwuG wyfaygif; 17-wyfwGifygonfh wdkufqifESpf&mhig;q,fç jrif;okH;axmifç ppf
onfol&J;udk;aomif;ESifh ouú&mZf(912) udk;&mhwq,fhESpfck wef;cl;vqef;&Spf&uf6MumaeUoa&acwå&m
odkUcsDawmfrlonf/ om;awmf r[mOy&mZmç nDawmf rif;acgifç b,oMuøokH;yg;udk qifvkH;jrif;trsm;
ESifh tapmihftaecefUawmfrlonf/
csDawmfrlí oa&acwå&modkUa&mufawmfrlvQif tBudrfBudrfNrdKUudkcsOf;ívkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ olu
NrdKUpD;jypD;xlxyfvSí vufeufud&d,mrsm;onf ESifh avSwyfuulnDí tajrmufjrwylBuD;jypfvQif
txdtyg;rsm;aomaMumifh ta0;odkUcGgíae&acsonf/
,if;odkUvQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/,ckigwdkUjynfNrdKUudktBudrftbef
rsm;pGmvkyfMuHawmfrlonfr&acs/ &J;rufAkdvfygwdkUom yifyef;&acsonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ajrxJ;
o&uf tp&dSaom tnmNrdKUwvTm;udk odrf;,lawmfrlOD;rnf/ tnmwvTm;vufeufawmfjzpfrSa&aMumif;
Munf;aMumif; oa&acwå&modkUcsDawmfrlrnfrdefUawmfrlonfudk nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZm onfta&;oifh
vSonf[lí em;awmfavQmufvQif wyfudkEkwfíajrxJ;odkUcsDawmfrlonf/ ajrxJ;pm;rif;ausmfxifç v,f
udkif;pm; b,a,mf"mç rvGefpm;b,oMuøç pukpm;vuf0J;a,mf"mç rbJ;pm; ç jrifuGef;pm; ç rif;wkH;
pm;ç wdkif;wmpm; ç rif;wyfpm;wdkUonf om; - orD;- qifBuD;jrif;BuD;wdkUudkvufaqmifawmfqufí
ajcawmfOD;wifvSm\/ ,if;odkUrS 0ifvSmorQNrdKUpm;wdkUudk opömawmfay;í trIawmfudkxrf;&onf/
ajrxJ;NrdKUudkvnf; cdkifcefUatmifvkyfapí nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmç nDawmfti,f rif;&J;ausmfxifESifh
pukpm; ç pvif;pm; ç rauG;pm; ç rvGefpm; ç zsif;wpm; ç ykvJ;pm; onfolrsm;udk ajrxJ;wGif tvkH;
t&if;qifjrif;ESifh xm;awmfrlcJhvQif ouú&mZf(913)udk;&mhwq,fhokH;ck 0gqdkvjynfhausmfESpf&uf 4-
[l;aeU auwkrwDodkUjyefawmfrlonf/
 231 - jynfNrdKUodkU'kwd,tBudrfcsDykH

auwkrwDodkU a&mufawmfrlí wvausmfcefU&dSvQif jynfrif; owdk;oluRef ]]&mZraemf}}[laom

trwfonf jynfNrdKUu ajy;xGufvSmíauwkrwDodkUa&mufvSmonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
a&mufvSmaom &mZraemfudk ac:awmfrlíar;awmfrlaomf jynfwGif&dSaom trª;trwfwdkUonf owdk;ol
udkþodkUavQmufMuonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf; bkef;vuf½kH;tmPm ynmtjrifawmfESifh
jynfpkHaomrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;a½TxD;&dSawmfrlpOfumvuyif jrefrmtrwf &Srf;trwf
wdkUonf ,kHMunfonfjzpfí ,ckvnf; trIawmfudkxrf;Muonf/ xdktrª;trwfwdkUonfvnf;toufudk
toufrrSwfxrf;rnfolcsnf;jzpfí tnmwvTm;atmufwvTm;wGif&dSaomNrdKU½Gmtaygif;wdkUudkvnf;
odrf;,lívufeufEdkifiHjzpfavNyD;onf/ tnHUcHawmfrlrSoifhrnfavQmufMuonfudk owdk;oluigtnHUcH
wGuf &dSoavm/ ighNrdKUESifhcHEdkifatmifcHrnf? rcHEdkifvQif ol&J;waomif;ESifh ighqifem*g0&udkpD;í
&HwyfudkwdkufabmufNyD;vQif &cdkifodkUO,smOfykaMumif; 0ifrnfqdkonf/ trª;trwfacgif;tBuD;wdkUvnf;
rnDrñGwf &dSNyD/ tvsifcsDawmfrlvQif &awmfrlrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/ q&mawmf bkef;awmfBuD;
udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; oabmouefudkaxmuf½Iawmfrlaomf [kwf&monf[k t,lawmf
&dSNyD;rStvsifcsDawmfrlrnfudk pD&ifawmfrlonfum;- vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç wk&ifAvjrif;wyfç vufsm
a,mf"mjrif;wyfç wk&ifausmfoljrif;wyf onfjrif;av;wyfudk a&SUcsD&onf/ onfaemufawmifilbk&if
rif;acgifwwyfç eE´pnfolwwyfç oD&d"r®&wfwwyfç vuf0J;b,wwyfç tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç oD&d
aZ,saemf&xm wwyfç ouf&Snfausmfxifwwyfç eE´ol&d,wwyfç eE´ausmfxifwwyf ,if;urS
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;csDawmfrlonf wyfrawmfwGif &mZoMuøudkwyfrª; eE´ol&d,udkppfuJ;cefU
awmfrlonf/ jrif;wyf av;wyfESifUwuG wq,fhav;wyfwGifygonf wdkufqifESpf&mhig;q,fç jrif;okH;
axmifç Adkvfudk;aomif; ESifhcsDawmfrlonf/ nDawmfrif;pnfol om;awmf r[mOy&mZmudk auwkrwDNrdKU
wGif tapmifhtaecefU awmfrlí ouú&mZf(913)udk;&mhwq,fhokH;ck awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 6-&uf 5-
aeUoa&acwå&modkUcsDawmfrlonf/ ajrxJ;NrdKUrS&dSavaom nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmç nDawmfrif;&J;ausmf
xifwdkUudkvnf; tnmNrdKUpm;taygif;ESifh a&tm;Munf;tm;jynfodkUcsDvSnfh[líapawmfrlonf/ nDawmf
owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUvnf; trdefUawmftwdkif;jynfodkUcsDvSmía&mufvQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; yef;r
wl[laomt&yfwGifwyfr csíaeawmfrlonf/
 232 - jynfpm;owdk;oludkawmifilrif;acgifwdkuf,lykH

awmifilbk&ifrif;acgifESifU oD&daZ,saemf&xm onfESpfwyfrlum;- wyfrcsbJ;NrdKUudkcsDí (913)

udk&mhwq,fhokH;ck awmfovif;vuG,faeUnOfhESpfcsufwD;ausmfwGif apm&efESifqifESifh awmifwHcg;&uf
abmufudk wdkufabmufíwHcg;zGifhNyD;vQif owdk;oltdrfwdkifatmif 0ifíbrf;av\/ &NyD;vQif b0&Sif
rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk qufav\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; jynfpm;owdk;olonfighuRefum;
rcH/ &cdkifodkUajy;0ifí &cdkifbk&ifuRefcHrnftMuH&dSonf rapmifhr[kwfavm trdefUawmf&dSNyD;vQifuGyfrsuf
awmfrlav\/ aemufaemifw&dSawmfrljyefonf/ oa&acwå&mudk atmifjrifawmfrlvQif jynfNrdKUwGif&dS
aom trª;trwfrSpíwNrdKUvkH;udk opömay;awmfrlonf/
,if;odkUrS nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmudk rif;aqmifrif;a,mifESifhwuG a½Tcsufav;pif;xGufpnf
ay;awmfrlí jynfNrdKUudk bk&ifcHrif;jyK&onf/
nDawmf bk&ifrif;acgifudkvnf; tm;&awmfrlí vufawmfESpfbufwGif 0wfawmfrlaom ywåjrm;
vufaumufç ywåjrm;vufpGwfç 0wfawmfrlaom wk&ifwyfaom0wfvkHç a½Tcsufav;pif;qkay;awmfrl
onf/ yGJ;vrf;&ol trª;trwfwdkUudkvnf; taqmifta,mifpm;aus;pm;vuf txdkuftavsmufqkay;
awmfrlonf/
om,m0wDpm; OZemç "EkjzLpm; ordef&J;oif;&HwdkUvnf;vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifhajcawmf
OD;wifvSmonf/
,if;odkUrS oa&acwå&mwGif q,f&ufausmfcefUaeawmfrlí jynftvkH;udkpD&ifawmfrlNyD;rS pav
ykcef;i,f paom yk*HodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ a&mufawmfrrlcif pavpm;wdkUvnf; qifBuD;jrif;BuD; om;orD;
wdkUudk vufaqmifjyKí ajcawmfOD;wifvSmonf/ yk*Hpm;rlum;-tvsifcsDavaom &J;rufawmfwdkUudk cHESifh
onfudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;a&mufawmfrlí a&tm;Munf;tm;vkyfMuHawmfrlvQif t0om;ykcef;i,fom;
ajy;xGufav\/ ,if;odkUajy;xGufvQif yk*Hpm;vnf; toufaornfudkaMumufívufaqmifvufeuf
trsm;ESifh ajcawmfOD;wifvSmonf/ yk*Hudk&awmfrlonf/ yk*Hudk½kwfí OD;&D;awmfrif;pnfoludk aus;pm;
xnfhawmfrlcJhí t0odkUa&aMumif;Munf;aMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ ausmufwvkH;odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif
t0udk 0ef;&HíkvkyfMuHawmfrlrnfpD&ifpOfwGif EdkifiHawmfjzpfaom [*FaEGNrdKUudk[Hom0wDuwdkufav
aomaMumifh &J;rufawmfwdkUxGufajy;&aMumif;udk avQmufvSmíMum;awmfrlvQif ausmufwvkH;wyf
awmfujyefawmfrlí yk*HodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif qifBuD;jrif;BuD;rsm;udk abmifwGifwifí a&aMumif;tvsif
pkefawmfrlonf/ Munf;wyfom;wdkUudkvnf; tvsifaeUnOfhrqdk csDavtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ pkefawmfrlíajr
xJ;odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif nDawmfti,frif;&J;ausmfxifudk qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh awmifilodkUtvsif
csD&avonf/
 233 - oa&acwå&mwGif t0rif;rdk;jAJe&ywd0ifvSmykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rlum; - oa&acwå&modkU pkefawmfrlí [Hom0wDodkU a&aMumif;

csDpdrfhrnfudk pD&ifawmfrlonf/ ajrxJ;pm;wwyfç pukpm;wwyfç ykcef;i,fpm;wwyfç om,m0wDpm;
aemf&xmwwyfç "EkjzLpm; &J;oif&Hwwyfç nDawmfjynfrif; owdk;"r®&mZmwwyfç onfajcmufwyfwGif
owdk;"r®&mZmudk AdkvfcsKyfcefUawmfrlonf ygonfwdkufavSokH;axmifç wHpGufavSi,f w&m ç &du©mwif
ukefavS w&mç Adkvfav;aomif;csD&rnfudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUcefU&efawmfrlpOfwGif t0
udkrif;jyKaom rdk;jAJ;e&ywdonf pudkif;rif; pnfolausmfxifudk rcHEdkifí om;awmfç orD;awmfESifhwuG
qifvkH;jrif;&if;tvkH;t&if;udk,lí uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; oem;awmfrl
í pD;jrJ;eif;jrJ;aom taqmifta,mifESifhwuG om,mpGmae&\/ jynfNrdKUwGif jrodwifbk&m; Z&yfrsm;
udkrD;avmifonfudk Z&yfokH;aqmifaqmufpdrfhrnf[lí 0wfawmfrlaom ywåjrm;vufaumufç ywåjrm;
vufpGyfç pm;awmfvufbuftdk; ç aomufa&awmf waumif;bkH; ponfrsm;udkvªawmfrlonf/
 234 - qifjzL&Sif [Hom0wDodkUcsDwufykH

,if;okdUrS t0e&ywdudkac:awmfrlí auwkrwDodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif [Hom0wD

odkUcsDawmfrlrnfudk tvsifcsDawmfrlonf/ csD&aom wyfpOfum; - vuf0J;wdkif jrif;waxmifESifhwwyfç
vuf0J;eE´oljrif;waxmifESifhwwyfç eE´pnfol jrif;waxmifESifh wwyfç wk&if&mZm jrif;waxmifESifh
wwyfç wk&ifAvjrif;waxmifESifh wwyfç onfjrif; 5-wyfudka&SUcsD&onf/ ,if;urS b,ausmfxif
wwyfçw&zsm;wwyfç 'gMuHpm;wwyfç eE´ol&d,wwyfç oD&daZ,saemf&xmwwyfç rif;r[mwwyfç
pnfolausmfxifwwyfç oa&pnfolwwyfç eE´ausmfxifwwyfç b,ausmfolwwyfç em;axmif;rsm;
wwyfç OZemwwyfç nDawmfti,frif;&Jausmfxifwwyf ç onfwq,fhoHk;wyfwGif nDawmfrif;&J
ausmfxifudkwyfrª; b,eEåoludkppfuJ;/ nDawmf awmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwyf wGif vufsmysHcsDudk ppfuJ;/
nDawmfrif;&J;pnfol wyfawmfwGif vuf0Ja,smf"gudk ppfuJ;/ om;awmfr[mOy&mZmwyfawmfwGif pkuú
aw;udkppfuJ; cefUawmfrlonf/ aemufrS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; wyfrjyKícsDawmfrlonf/ wyfawmfwGif
eE´ausmfoludkppfuJcefUawmfrlonf/ jrif;wyfav;wyfESifhwuG wyfaygif; 20- wGifygonfh wdkufqif
av;&mç jrif; 5-axmifç Adkvfwodef;waomif;ESifh ouú&mZf(913)udk;&mhwpfq,fhokH;ck/ wef;cl;vqef;
6-&uf we*FaEGaeU auwkrwDucsDcJhí cJ;aygif awmifbuf ]]&efukef atmifxif}}[laom wyfawmfwGif
csawmfrlonf/ ,if;uonf &efatmifNrdKUopf[laom wyfawmfwGifcsawmfrlonf/ ,if;uonf ]]atmif
xifompnf}}[laom wyfawmfwGifcsawmfrlonf/ ,if;uonf ]]piefawmif}}[laom wyfawmfwGifcs
awmfrlonf/ auwkrwDonf [Hom0wDwdkif 13-pcef;csDawmfrlonf/ pcef;wdkif; trnf orkwfawmf
rlonf/ ]]&wem}}[laom wyfawmfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif oD&daZ,saemf&xmavQmufonf/ &mrnwdkif;
udktpdk;&aom ordefaxm&mrrif;wGif pOf;vJ;aom trª;trwfrsm;vSonf/ y&d,m,fa00kpf Oyg,f
wrsnfjzifh taxGaxGMuHrnfudkrjrifEdkif/ a&SUwyf aemufwyfcGJ;ípkHprf;aprS oifhrnfxifonf[lí
em;awmfavQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;vnf; a&SUcsDapaom jrif;-5wyfwGif OZemudk wyfrª; vufsmpnfoludk
ppfuJ;xnfhawmfrlí jrif;-5axmifESifhtvsifcsD&avonf/ oluqifwyftrsm;bdí wdkufavaom
aMumifh&J;rufawmfwdkUqkwf&acsonf/ wvdkif; ordefaxm&mrvnf; xyfícsDvSmonf/ xdktaMumif;udk
OZemu avQmufíMum;awmfrlvQif ppfrsufESmjzefUítaetxm;usatmifpD&ifawmfrlNyD;rS nDawmf
rif;&J;pnfoludk t&yf 7-awmif&dSaom &wemajymifausmf qifawmfudka½TBudK;a½TuESifhwuGxD;jzLaqmif;
apí a½T'dkif; a½TvTm; a½Tum0ef;&Hvsuf vuf0J;qifulwq,f/ vufsmqifulwq,fESifhordefaxm&mr
udk BudK&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;rSm &wemtwdNyD;aom BudK;uESifh ywåjrm;twdNyD;aomcRef;udk pGJ;awmfrlí
OaygoxqifOD;wGif pD;awmfrlonf/ ppfwk&*Foludk ukH;v,fwifawmfrlonf/ aZ,sAvudkaemufxdkif&
onf/ rdk;eJ;a½TvSHokH;axmifudk qifawmf0ef;usifvdkuf&onf/ a½T'kdif; 3-axmif/ a½TvTm; 3-axmif/
a½Tum 3-axmifwdkUudkvnf; qifawmf0ef;usifvdkuf&onf/ a½TarSmufwdkaqmif;í rsOf;eD0wfaom
aoewfvkvifav;&mwdkU qifawmfa&SUaemuf eHyg;ESpfbufvdkuf&onf/ qifulvuf0J;u 15-pD;/
vufsmu 15-pD;/ tajrmufi,fwpif;pDwifí rª;ysdK rwfysdKwdkUpD;ívdkuf&onf/ nDawmfbk&ifrif;acgif
nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxiftp&dSaom wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkvnf; rdrdwdkUtvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG ppfrsuf
ESmjzefUíae&onf/
 ,if;aomtcg qifawmfukH;v,fpD; ppfwk&*FavQmufonf/,ckordefaxm&mrcsDvSmonftcdkuf
wGif jrif;awmfonfwdkUudkcefUawmfrlí [Hom0wDNrdKUwGif;rSm tdrf&mrSrD;wdkufavaprS wvdkif;ppfonf
wdkU ppfrsufESmuGufrnf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; onfta&;oifhvS
onf[lírdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif vuf0J;&J;wdkifESifh vuf0J;rif;waxmifudk vuf0J;aMumif;0ifí rD;wdkuf&
onf/ ,if;odkUcefU&efawmfrlpOf ordefaxm&mrvnf; cspfcsif;[laomqifudk &wemBudK;uwifNyD;vQif
rif;aqmif rif;a,mifusif;yvsuf &J;rufAdkvfygrsm;0ef;&Hítjyif;vTwfvSm\/nDawmfrif;&J;pnfolvnf;
ordefaxm&mrudk pD;csif;wdkufrnf[lí qD;BudKESifh\/ ordefaxm&mrvnf; rif;&J;pnfoljrifvQif rwdkuf
bJ;b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;&dS&modkU qifudktjyif;wdkUívTwfvSm\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
ordefaxm&mr qifESifhtjyif;vTwfvSmonfudkjrifvQif a½Tu&m;ESifha&udk,lí omoemawmfjrwfpD;yGg;
jynfolwumwdkUpD;yGg;udk aqmifawmfrlEdkifaom rif;{u&mZfjzpfvQif ordefaxm&mrudkwcPjcif;
atmifjrifonfjzpfapaom[lí qifawmfOD;wGif"d|mefawmfrlí a&pufoGef;awmfrlvQif tcgr[kwfbJ; rdk;
vnf;tkHUonf/ vQyfppfvnf;ysufonf/ ajrBuD;ivQifvnf;vIyfonf/ aumif;uifu csdK;iSufZ&uf wdkU
vnf; oJ;oJ;½kyf½kyfausmfnmí qifawmfa&SUuausmfnHívdkufMuonf/a&pufoGef;aoma½Tu&m;vnf;
vufawmfuvGwfí ajrodkUusavonf/
 235 - qifjzL&Sifordefaxm&mrESifh qifpD;jcif;wdkufawmfrlykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vufawmfu a½Tu&m;usvQif rusef;rom&dSawmfrlonf/

xdktaMumif;udk ordefA½kcHaomwvdkif;trwfjrifawmfrlvQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ ,ckyifwdkuf
awmfrlawmh ordefaxm&mrudk tvdkawmfjynfhí a&ESifhajrudk tpkd;&awmfrlrnf[lí em;awmfavQmuf
onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ordefaxm&mr qifESifhvTwfvSmonfudk xdk;íwdkufawmfrlonf/
qifcsif;tm;wlí renf;Muma0SUonf/ wyg;udkwyg; ra0SUEdkif&dSonfwGif qifawmfOabmoxmudkqkwf
apítm;,lNyD;rS cRef;bGifhívTwfawmfrlonf/ ordefaxm&mrpD;aom qifudk OabmoxmtpG,fESifh
xdk;rd onf/ pG,fvkH;uRwfav\/ ordefaxm&mrpD;aom qifcspfcsif;vnf; ,if;wGifyifvnf;av\/
qifawmfOabmoxmvnf; vufsmtpG,fwawmifhav;opfusdK;acs\/ ordefaxm&mrudkvnf; cRef;ESifh
½dkufawmfrlonf/ ausmwGiftemtMuifxdav\/
ordefaxm&mruRef ordefZdyfjAJ;vnf; pG,fvref;[laom qifESifh tjyif;xdk;í b0&Sifrif;w&m;
BuD;bk&m;wdkufvSmonfudk qifawmfOabmoxm ESifhwdkufawmfrljyefonf/ ordefZdyfjAJ;pD;aom qif,if;
wGifyifvnf;av\/
ordef;tJ;e&J; ysufBuD;[laomqifudkxD;jzLwifívTwfvSmjyefonfudk nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxif
vkvif [laom qifrkefESifhqD;íwdkufawmfrlonf/ ordeftJ;e&J;pD;aomqifysufBuD;rsufESmokefí
ajy;av\/ ,if;wdkUrS &J;rufawmfqifonf jrif;onfajconftaygif;wdkUvdkufxyfíwdkufvQif
wvdkif; ppfonfysufíajy;av\/ qifjrif;okHUyef;&awmfrlonfrsm;\/ ordefaxm&mrvnf; qifu
onfjrif;odkUoufí ½kH;rdorQaom ppfonfAdkvfygESifh [Hom0wDucHrnf[lí tjyif;cGgonf/
[Hom0wDrSmvnf; &J;rufawmfwdkUrD;wdkufí NrdKUtvkH;udk avmifonfESifhjrif;onfawmfwdkUqD;í
BudK[efUwm;vQif NrdKUwGif;odkUr0if0Hhí taemuft&yfodkUajy;av\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;vnf; ordef
axm&mrudk tvdkawmfjynfhvQif [Hom0wDodkU0ifíaeawmfrlonf/ ordefaxm&mrajy;vQifwvdkif;trª;
trwftcsdKUvnf; useuGJ;NydK&pfaom qifç jrif;udk,lí ajc&if;awmfodkUa&mufvSmukef\/ a&mufvSm
ool wdkUudkvnf; qkvmbfay;awmfrlí opömawmfcHapNyD;vQif trIawmfudkxrf;&\/
ta&SUbufrkwår aus;wvTm;udkpm;aom NrdKUpm;taygif;wdkUvnf; qifBuD;jrif;BuD;om;orD;
wdkUudkvufaqmifawmfqufapí uRefcHvSmukef\/ xdkolwdkUudkvnf; opömawmfay;í txdkuftavsmuf
trnft&nftaqmifta,mifay;awmfrlí rdrdwdkUpm;aomaus; pnf;pdrfudkvnf;ay;awmfrlonf/
ordefaxm&mrESifh wdkuf&mwGif yGJ;vrf;&aom wyfrª;ppfuJ; ol&J;olcufwdkUudkvnf; trnf
t&nftaqmifta,mif pm;cGuf pm;a,muf pm;aus; pm;vuftxdkuf tavsmuf qkay;awmfrlonf/
nDawmf rif;&J;ausmfxifudkvnf; uGrf;cGuf&Spfajr§mifh ywåjrm;w&pfpDç vufbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH;
ausmufw&pfpDç a½TcsufESpfpD; ç qif;aygif;0ef;a½Txnfhpnf 7-vkH;ay;awmfrlonf/
 236 - ordefaxm&mrajy;&modkUvdkufawmfrlykH

,if;odkU [Hom0wDwGif q,f&ufcefUaeawmfrlí ordefaxm&mrajy;&modkU qifvkH;jrif;&if;t

rsm;ESifh vdkufawmfrlonf/
ordefaxm&mrvnf; "EkjzLykodefokdUajy;av\/ ykodefpm;ordefjAydkufvnf; ordefaxm&mrwGif
qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;½kH;pkícsDvSmaomaMumifhrbDrqef0Hhacs/ vufcH&av\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; "EkjzLudktvsifcsDonf/ (914) udk;&mhwpfq,fhav;ckodkUt0if
uqkefvqef; 7-&uftwmpm;oaeU "EkjzLta&SUbufodkU a&mufawmfrlonf/
jynfucsDvSmaom nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmudkrlum; - 'vwGifa&wyfaeonfudk
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u a&wyfodkUac:awmfrlí "EkjzLudkul;awmfrlNyD;vQif ykodefodkUcsDawmfrlonf/
nDawmfjynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmwdkUavSwyfudkvnf;ykodefodkUtvsifcsDcJh[lícefUawmfrlonf/ 'vNrdKUwGif
rlum; - om,m0wDpm; OZemç ajrxJ;pm; rif;ausmfxifç awmifBuD;pm; em;awmif;rsm; ç zsifwpm;
oa&pnfolwdkUudk qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifhtapmifhtaecefUawmfrlíb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;Munf;
aMumif; nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZm ordef;&J;oif&HwdkUrlum; - a&aMumif; ykodefodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ ykodefodkU
ra&mufcif wpcef;avmufwGif ordefaxm&mrNrdKUuxGufíajy;av\/ ykodefpm; ordefjAydkufvnf;
ordefaxm&mr r,lEdkifíypfxm;cJhaom wdkufqifw&mausmfESifh vufeufud&d,mudk,lí b0&Sifrif;
w&m;BuD;bk&m;udkqD;BudKívufaqmifvufeuf qufESif;\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;vnf; tm;&awmfrlí
Anm; avm[laom trnfESifh a½TuGrf;cGuf &Spfajr§mifhç vufbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç rdk;BudK;axG;cHç
qifaygif; 0ef;a½Tcufç avScifw,ifcsifydwfç a½Tcufpnf 7-vkH; ç aiGESJ; 3ç aiGc&mESpfay;awmfrlonf/
a½Ttdrfig; aqmifaqmufíae[lívnf; trdefUawmf&dSonf/ r,m;udkvnf; aygif;ysHt&yfwGif
ywif;a½Txnfhí a½TcsufESpfpif; ç a½TuGrf;cGufç vufbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç axG;tifay;awmfrlonf/
nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZm ordef&J;oif&HwdkUvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ykodefokdUa&mufNyD
Mum;vQif acsmif;udkvSnfhí aenOfhrqdkavSwyftaygif; tvsifcsDonf/ wruacsmif;wGif a&usí avS
3pif;wifonfudk ordefaxm&mrawGUvQif wdkufaví &J;avS 3-pif;om;vkH;qkH;acsonf/ordefaxm&mr
vnf; &J;avSokH;pif;udkEdkifvQif 'vNrdKUrSmaeapaom OZemwdkUudkwdkufjyefavonf ysufacs\/ OZem
vnf; qkH;acs\/
 237 - ykodefrS 'vodkUcsDívdkufykH

onftaMumif;rsm;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;Mum;awmfrlvQif nDawmfawmifilrif;bk&ifrif;acgif

wwyfç ykodefpm;Anm;avmwwyfç oD&daZ,saemf&xmwwyfç eE´oMuøwwyf onfav;wyfudkwdkuf
qifw&mç jrif;waxmif Adkvfav;aomif;ESifh ykodefNrdKUwGiftcdkiftvkHae[lí cefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS nDawmf
rif;&Jausmfxifwwyfç ordefarmcGifwwyf onfESpfwyfudk wdkufqifav;q,fç jrif;waxmifç AdkvfESpf
aomif;ESifh a½SUvGefícsD&onf/ ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;ESifh csD
awmfrlonf/
ordefaxm&mrvnf; 'vwGifaeapaom &J;rufawmfwdkUudkEdkifvQif owdk;"r®&mZmç &J;oif;&HwdkU
udkwdkufrnf[lí ykodefodkUcsDvSmjyefonf/ owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUvnf; oHNrdKUESifhtwlBuHMuHcHíaeonf/,if;
odkUpOfwGif nDawmf rif;&J;ausmfxifwdkU ESpfwyfom;a&mufvSmí½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHwdkufvQifordefaxm&mrysufí
ajy;av\/ rdbk&m;a,mu©rwdkUESifhwuG avSwuftvkH;pkHudk&awmfrl\/ ordefaxm&mrajy;vQifuRef
trª;trwfwdkUvnf; qifjrif;Adkvfygvufeufud&d,mwdkUudk,lí uRefawmfcHvSm\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
bk&m;vnf; ppfatmifí ig;&uf&dSrSa&mufawmfrlvSmonf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif uRefcHvSmaomtrª;trwf
wdkUudk opömawmfay;í taqmifta,mif pm;aus;pm;vuftxdkuftavsmufay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkU
pD&ifcefU xm;awmfrlNyD;rS [Hom0wDaejynfawmfodkU jyefawmfrlí(914)udk;&mhwq,fhav;ck0gqdkvqef;
w&ufaeU a&mufawmfrlonf/
 238 - ordefaxm&mr&[ef;jyKíajy;ykef;ykH

wvdkifrif; ordefaxm&mrvnf; &[ef;jyKí ta>ct&HwusdyfausmfcefUESifh rkwårodkUajy;av\/

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; [Hom0wDodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif rkwår 32-NrdKU/ ykodef 32-NrdKUwGif&dSaom NrdKUpm;
jypm;trIxrf;wdkUudk taetxm;usatmifcefUxm;pD&ifawmfrlonf/ ausmif;bk&m;NydKysufavonfrsm;
udkvnf; jyifqifvkyfaqmif&onf/ rif;w&m;a½TxD;ocØsKif;awmf&mrSmvnf; eE´ol&d,ESifh eE´ausmfxif
wdkUudk a½Tyef;cdkifç aiGyef;cdkifç a½TwHaqmif; ç aiGwHaqmif; ylaZmfuHawmhapí apwDwnf&avonf/
,if;odkUjynftvkH;udk cefUxm;awmfrlí xdkouú&mZf(914)udk;&mhwq,fhav;ck 0gqdkvqef;q,f&uf
Mumoyaw;aeU 0if;awmfa[mif;wGif tdrfawmfaqmufonf/ ¤if; 0gqdkvqef; wq,fhav;&uf
weif;vmaeU tdrfawmfodkUwufawmfrlonf/
ykodefNrdKUrSm&dSavaom nDawmfrif;acgif nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZm 'vNrdKUrSm&dSaom nDawmfrif;&J;
ausmfxifwdkU wyfaygif;om;udkvnf;ac:awmfrlí [Hom0wDodkUjyef&onf/
a&mufawmfrlMuvQif nDawmfrif;&J;pnfoludk rif;ajr§mufwef;qmig;yg;ESifhwuG rkwårNrdKUudk
ay;awmfrlíbk&ifcHrif;jyK&onf/
nDawmftvwf owdk;"r®&mZmudkvnf; rif;ajr§mufwef;qmig;yg;ESifhwuG jynfNrdKUudkay;í
bk&ifcHrif;jyK&onf/
nDawmfrif;acgifudkvnf; rif;ajr§mufwef;qmig;yg;ESifhwuG auwkrwDNrdKUudkay;íbk&ifcHrif;jyK
&onf/
xdkrSwyg; jrefrmtrwfç wvdkif;trwfç &Srf;trwfwdkUudkvnf; trnft&nf taqmifta,mif
pm;aus;pm;vufay;awmfrlonf/
ykodefrSmaeawmfrlaom wJ;awmfudkvnf; ausmif;&H 40-ESifhwuGausmif;BuD;aqmufawmfrlí
&Sif"r®an,stm;vªawmfrlonf/
qHawmf&Sifbk&m;&Sifudkvnf; xD;cs&m;oD;uajrwdkifatmifa½Txnfhawmfrlonf/
 239 - ordefaxm&mrrkwåruajy;jyefjcif;

ordefaxm&mrvnf; rkwåraus;rSmaeonfudk rkwårom;wdkUbrf;rnfjyKvQif rkwårwGifrae0Hhí

ua0godkUajy;av\/ ua0gpm;oG,fwdkifpm;wdkUvnf; ordefaxm&mr ajy;vmaMumif;udkodínOfhudk
acsmif;0yfMuavaomf oDwif;okH;tdrfwGif uRefig;a,mufESifhcsufjyKwfpm;aomufíaeonfudkawGUvQif
brf;av\/ vufvGwfxGufíajy;&mwGif ordefaxm&mrausmudk "m;ckwfrdavonf/ ckwf&maoG;oHw
csif;csif;ESifhyif ½Gmi,fw½Gmudkajy;íawmae&[ef;wdkUausmif;wGiftemvGwfatmifukpm;NyD;rSwdkufukvm;
odkUoGm;í vlolqifjrif; pk½kH;jyefonf/ xdktaMumif;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;Mum;awmfrlvQif eE´oMuø
wwyfç b,ausmfolwwyfç a½TavSrª;wwyfç onfav;wyfudk wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfav;
aomif;ESifhcsD&avonf/
ordefaxm&mrvnf; wdkufukvm;NrdKUuonf ppfawmif;odkUvm\/ eE´oMuøçaemf&xmwdkUvnf;
qifjrif;vufeufud&d,m enf;onfudkodvQif tqD;twm;r&dS qifcRef;bGifhum wdkufav\/
ordefaxm&mrvnf; rcHEdkifíysufav\/ ,if;odkUvQif uRefav;a,mufESifhom jrif;pD;íajy;
av\/ ppfawmif;uonf taemufawmifajc&if;rSmaeonf[lí wvcGg;wdkUavQmufvSmí Mum;awmfrl
vQif ppfwk&*FolESifh vufa½G;rª;udk&atmif brf;acsapawmfrlonf/ ppfwk&*FolwdkUvnf; &J;rufokH;&m
cefUESifh acsmif;0yfaomfnOfhudkv,fawmwJ;wGiftdyfonfudkawGUíbrf;av\/ordefaxm&mrvnf;t0wf
udkcRwfíajy;av\/ uRefESpfa,mufESifh vufpGyfausmufaumif; tuGif;ESpf&mausmf&í qufav\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; aA'ifwwfwdkUudk ac:awmfrlí ordefaxm&mronf igvkyfMuH
awmfrlítBudrfBudrfzsufaomfvnf;vufrcs/ ,ckvnf; udk,fwckwnf;om&dSavNyD;onf/ b,fumv
udk &awmfrlrnfenf;[líar;awmfrlonf/ aA'ifwwfoltaygif;wdkUonfvnf; txl;xl;taxGaxG rnf
onfumvudk&vrnf[líavQmufMuonf/ ,if;aomtcg jA[®Ptrnf&dSaom ykPÖm;avQmufonf/
 240 - ordefaxm&mrudk&rdíuGyfrsufjcif;

&wewå,H t[H 0E´mrd/ / ouú&mZf(914) udk;&mhwq,hfav;ckjymqdkvjynfhausmf 9-&uf

paeaeU 0if;awmftopfwnf&onf/ usHK;vnf;wl;&onf/
ouú&mZf(914) udk;&mhwq,fhav;ck wef;cl;vqef; 13-&uf we*FaEGaeU ordefaxm&mrudk
wvcGg;wdkU&í qufvSmonf/ aA'ifwwfykPÖm;udkvnf; a[mwdkif;rSefayonf[lí r[m"r®&mZ*k½k
[laomtrnfESifh waum½Gmudkay;awmfrlonf/ a½TudkykHívnf; ESpfBudrfMuHK;&onf/ om;awmf tdrfa&SU
rif;paom rª;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkUuvnf; a½TaiGt0wftpm;qkay;Muonf/
ordefaxm&mrudk&awmfrlvQif raumif;tMuHtpnfudkMuHool[líraumif;aom uGyfrsufjcif;
jzifhuGyfrsufawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkU&efoludkatmifjrifawmfrlvQif wvdkif;okH;&yfudka&jyifuJhodkU wcsuf
wnf;nDñGwfatmif pD&ifawmfrlítvGefom,mpnfyifonf/
jynfoltaygif;wdkUvnf; rsm;pGmaomtvªBuD;ay;Muonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
wvdkif;okH;&yfwGif&dSaomt&n0goDyk*d¾Kvfç*gr0goDyk*d¾KvfwdkUtm;yifhawmfrlía½Tarmfawmbk&m;üy&du©&m
&Spfyg;ESifhwuG qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ a½Tarmfawmbk&m; ocifudkvnf;xD;cs&moD;uonf ajrwdkif
atmif a½Txnfhawmfrlonf/ oufawmfaph yOÆif; 37-yg;cHawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wD 0ef;usif bk&m;*l
ausmif;wefaqmif p&yfNydKysufonfrsm;udkvnf; trª;trwfwdkUudkcefUxm;awmfrlívkyf&onf/
rª;awmfrwfawmf rif;aqG;pdk;rsdK;wdkUudkvnf; tuGuft&yfcs ae&onf/ jynfolvlwumwdkU
w&m;r&ygool qif;&J;í ravQmufEdkifoolwdkUudkvnf; onfacgif;avmif;udk xdk;ap[lí0if;awmfwJ;
wGifxm;awmfrlonf/
jynfbk&ifrif;acgifcH &Sifo&ufudkvnf;trª;trwfta&muftvmrsm;onf[lí Mum;awmfrl
vQif auwkrwDuonf [Hom0wDodkUac:awmfrlía&mufvQif uGyfrsufawmfrlonf/ rif;acgifrdbk&m;
]]oD&dbkef;xGwf}}udkrlum; - pE´ma'0D[laomtrnfESifh 915-ck rdbk&m;ajr§mufawmfrlonf/
 241 - qifjzL&Sifwdkif;a&;jynfa&;udk&Sif;vif;ykH

,if;okdUrS rif;nDrif;om; rif;aqGpdk;rsdK;paom rª;awmfrwfawmfa'gAnm;taygif;wdkUudkac:awmf

rlí þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ ,ckwvdkif;okH;&yfESifhwuG auwkrwDpaom oa&acwå&myk*Hwdkifatmif
vufeufEdkifiHawmfjzpfNyD/ ,dk;',m;onf nDawmfrif;w&m; vufeufEdkifiHjzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; ta&;
t&mravQmufxm;vSm/ udk,fudktcdkiftrmaeonf/ ,dk;',m;odkU tvsifcsDívkyfMuH&aomfvnf; oifh
rnfavm/ &wemyl&paom &Srf;jynfwwef;udkcsDí tvsifodrf;,l&aomfvnf; oihfrnfavm[lí pdkif;
jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg ykodefpm; Anm;avmavQmufonf/ ,dk;',m;jynfonf tvkyftMuHvnf;cufcJ;
onf/ qifvkH;jrif;&if;vnf;rsm;onf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUwGif aqGom;rsdK;om;trª;trwfwdkUvnf; touf
udkpGefUí trIudkxrf;onfolcsnf;jzpfonf/ nDawmfbk&m;wGif tvdkawmfjynfhonfvnf; NrdKUtvkH;udk
vkyfMuHawmfrlí &awmfrlrnfr[kwfacs/qD;BudKíwdkuf&mwGift&yftaeroifhíom;orufnDwdkUudk&awmf
rlaomaMumifh ,dk;',m;rif; tnHhcHvSmonfjzpfonf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk tvsifwaqmvkyfMuHawmfrlí
tvdkawmfjynfhrnfr[kwf/ t&SnftMumMuHawmfrl&rnfvnf; &wemyl&paom &Srf;jynfwwef;ESifhta&;
rNyD;acsao;jzpfonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUudk&wemyl&odkUprf;
csDcsDapoihfonf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;avmavQmufaompum;udk oD&daZ,saemf&xm Mum;vQifonfta&;onf oifhvSonf
[líem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;vnf; Anm;avmavQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrl
í t0odkUa&aMumif;Munf;aMumif;csDrnfudk cefUawmfrlonf/
 242 - tif;0odkUtprf;csDwufapjcif;taMumif;

a&aMumif;rSm tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç Anm;£E´wwyfç oD&d"r®&wfwwyfç oa&yknmwwyfç

oa&pnfolwwyfç &mZoMuøwwyfç rif;ausmfxifwwyfç Anm;usef;axmwwyfç nDawmfjynfbk&if
owdk;"r®&mZmwwyfç om;awmf r[m Oy&mZmwwyf onfq,fwyfwGif ygonfuwåKvGef;usifig;&mç
avSmfum;oHavSESpf&mç &du©mwifavS ESpf&mç ppfonfol&J; 7-aomif;ESifha&aMumif;csD&onf/
Munf;aMumif;rSm vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç &mZwrefjrif;wyfç vuf0J;a,m"mjrif;wyfç eE´odrf;
pnf;jrif;wyfç wk&ifAvjrif;wyf onfig;wyfudk a&S;zsm;csD&onf/ onfaemuf ordefoHus,fwwyfç
b,ausmfolwwyfç ordeftJ;y&J;wwyfç eE´oMuøwwyfç ordef&J;oif;&Hwwyfç eE´ol&d,wwyfç
ordefy&rf;wwyfç aemf&xmwwyfç nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifwwyfç nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgif
wwyfç jrif;wyfESifh wyfaygif;15wyfwGifygonfwdkufqifig;&mçjrif;ig;axmifçppfonfol&J;ckESpfaomif;
ESifh ouú&mZf(915)udk;&mhwq,fhig;ck 0gqdkvqef;ESpf&uf 4-[l;aeU a&tm;Munf;tm;&wemyl&odkUcsD&
onf/
t0bk&if e&ywdpnfolvnf; [Hom0wDucsDvSmrnfudkodí tkef;aygifapmfbGm; ç Aef;armf
apmfbGm; ç rdkaumif;apmfbGm; ç rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;odkUapí csDyifh&avonf/ apmfbGm;ig;OD;wdkUvnf; udk,f
wdkif qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifhcsDvSmí t0wGiftcdkiftvkHMunf;a&bufíaeonf/ ajrwl;pm; ç i&eJ;pm;
pnfykwå&mpm; ç pnfompm; ç 'DyJh,if;pm; ç urf;eDpm; ç tjrifhpm;wdkUudkvnf; tjrifhwGif qifvkH;jrif;
&if; ppfonfAdkvfygtrsm;ESifhcHíaeonf/ &rnf;oif; ç 0wDç ,if;awmfç vdIif;wufç anmif&rf; ç jrpf
anmif; ç om*&ç yif;wvJ; ç jyifpnfNrdKUom;wdkUudkvnf; w½kyfNrdKUu qifvkH;jrif;&if;ppfonfAdkvfyg
ESifhtcdkiftvkHae&onf/ &Srf;wdkUuavSwyfvnf; w½kyfNrdKUwGifcHíae&onf/
[Hom0wDucsDvSmaom om;awmfr[mOy&mZmudk yk*HodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif yk*Hrif;pnfolvnf;
þodkUr[mOy&mZmudkavQmufonf/ ,ckcsDawmfrlonf a&aMumif;rSm tm;enf;vSonf/ t0bk&if
e&ywdrSm &Srf;apmfbGm;ig;OD;ulnDavaomaMumifh a&tm;Munf;tm; cdkifNzD;vSonf/ ,ckvnf; w½kyfNrdKU
wGifa&wyfMunf;wyf tcdkiftvkHcefUíaeavonf[kavQmufaomf r[mOy&mZmuvnf; crnf;awmf
trdefUawmfrSm omvQifvnf;wdkufav/romvQifvnf;qkwfcJhtrSmawmf&dSonf/trSmawmftwdkif;omvQif
wdkufrnf romvQifvnf; cGg&rnf[lírdefUawmfrlonf/ Munf;aMumif;csD&aom bk&ifrif;acgifwdkUa&muf
vSmí ta&;t&mudk pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlMuaomf ywåjrm;wGif;ocifjzpfaomapmfbGm;ay:onf
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifhwyg;yg;wGif tcif;tcefU&dSvQif wyg;udkwyg;ulnDrnf[lí uwdopöm
&dSonfudk rdrdopömudkzsufí t0bk&ife&ywdulnDavaomaMumifh t0utiftm;MuD;avonf/ ,if;odkU
jzpfaomaMumifh onftaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh &dScdk;oHawmfOD;wif&rSoifhrnf[lí wdkifyifawmfrlBuNyD;vQif
avQmuf&av\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; om;awmfr[mOy&mZmwdkU avQmufvSmíMum;awmf
rlvQif om;awmfnDawmf a&wyfMunf;wyfudkac:awmfrlí jyefMu&onf/
 243 - qifjzLrsm;&Sifeef;opfwufjcif;taMumif;

ouú&mZf (915) udk;&mhwq,hfig;ck ewfawmfvqef; 13-&uf 6-MumaeUeef;aqmufawmfrl

onf/eef;awmfaqmuf&majrudkuarÁmZom'D[laomtrnfudkorkwfawmfrlonf/ eef;awmf0ef;usifudk
vnf; rif;rdbk&m;rsm;tdrfawmfç udk,fvkyfarmif;rwdkUtdrfç a½Twdkufç aiGwdkufç aMu;wdkufç ykqdk;wdkufwdkU
udk vkyfawmfrlonf/ xdkouú&mZf(915)udk;&mhwq,fhig;ck wydkUwGJ;vqef; 6-&ufaeUacrm'Gg&wHcg;
u0ifawmfrlí eef;wufawmfrlonf/ ]]oD&dok"r®&mZm}}[laomtrnfudkcHawmfrlonf/ rdbk&m;acgifrSm
]]t*¾ra[oD}} [laomtrnfudkcHawmfrlonf/ rª;awmfrwfawmf aqGawmfrsdK;awmftaygif;wdkUudkvnf;
txdkuftavsmufqkay;awmfrlonf/ BuD;pGmaomobifudk &ufvnf atmifcHawmfrlonf/ t&n0goD
yk*d¾Kvfç *gr0goDyk*¾dKvfwdkUudkvnf; eef;awmfodkUyifhaqmifawmfrlí &ufvnfatmifqGrf;vkyfauR;awmf
rlonf/ oDwif;okH; olawmfpiftp&dSaom rpm;&wwf r0wf&wwfaom olwdkUtm;vnf; ykqdk;
tuFsDaMu;aiG qefpyg; ig;yd wdkufawmfursm;pGmxkwfí tvªBuD;ay;awmfrlonf/
37-vH&dSaom [oFm½kyfa½Tabmifawmfudkvnf; wnfawmfrlonf/ Zvmuyif;tp&dSaom wdkuf
avSBuD;rsm; a[mif;EGrf;onfudkvnf;jyifqifvkyfaqmif&onf/ topfvnf; wdkU½kyfavSç pmr&D½kyfavSç
uRJ;½kyfavSç qif½kyfavSç jrif;½kyfavSç ig;ref;½kyfavSç ruef;½kyfavSrsm;udkvnf;tpif;okH;&mausmfvkyf&
onf/ avSmfum;ausmhavS tpif;ESpf&mausmfcefUvkyfí tcsdKUudka½Ttjynfhxnhf&onf/ tcsdKUaomavSudk
a½TpufuGif;xnfh&onf/ tcsdKUaomavSudk teD[if;ojy'g;okwf&onf/ ,if;odkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS
rkwår 32NrdKU/ ykodef 32NrdKU/ [Hom0wD 32NrdKU/ auwkrwDç oa&acwå&mç pukç pvif; ç yk*HedkifiHawmf
tvkH;ü&dSaom NrdKUpm;jypm;taygif;wdkUudkvnf; vufeufud&d,m ppf0wfwef;qmrsdK;&du©mjynfhpkHapí
aqmfbef&onf/ oa&acwå&mupí yk*Hwdkifatmif {&m0wDjrpfaMumif;wGif&dSaom NrdKUpm;taygif;wdkUudk
vnf; rsdK;&du©mpk½kH;íxm;&onf/
ouú&mZf (916) udk;&mhwq,fhajcmufck 0gqdkv &cdkifbk&ifom; baxG;ESpfOD;rMunf&dSí
&cdkifbk&iftBuD;om;awmfoHwGJ;pm;vnf; qifjrif;tvkH;t&if;udk,lí ajc&if;awmfodkUa&mufvSmonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ]]oD&d"r®maomu}}[laomtrnfudk orkwfawmfrlí nDawmfrkwårbk&if
rif;&J;pnfolorD;awmftBuD;ESifhpkHbufawmfrlonf/ &cdkifbk&ifwlawmf&Sif&J;rsdK;udkvnf;orD;awmfrsdK;jrwf
bkef;pnf ESifhpkHbufawmfrlí warmfNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/
 244 - tif;0odkUqifjzL&Sifukd,fwdkifcsDwufykH

,if;odkUrS todkUcsDawmfrlrnfudk cefU&efawmfrlonfum; - a&wyfrSm ajrmif;jrNrdKUudkpm;aom

owkd;"r®&mZmwwyf a&SUzsm;csD&onf/ onf aemufpukpm; vuf0J;a,mf"mwwyfç 0ef;odkNrdKUudkpm;aom
Anm;£E´wwyfç Asif;wNrdKUudkpm;aom oa&pnfolwwyfç cJ;aygifNrdKUudkpm;aom ordefoHus,fwwyfç
rauG;NrdKUudkpm;aom oa&yknmwwyfç tpkwfNrdKUudkpm;aom ordef;tJ;e&J;wwyfç v,fudkif;NrdKUudkpm;
aom &mZolwwyfç wdkufukvm;NrdKUudkpm;aom ordefaZmfu&wfwwyfç jrifuGef;NrdKUudkpm;aom
aZ,swdvIdifwwyf ,if;rSm nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmwyfrjyKícsD&onf/ AdkvfcsKyfvnf;cefU
awmfrlonf/ q,fwyfwGifygonf uwåKvGef;usifwdkufavSajcmuf&mç avSmum;aMumhavSokH;&mç &du©m
wifukefavSig;&mç ppfonfol&J;wodef;waomif;ESifha&aMumif;csD&onf/
Munf;aMumif;csD&aom wyfpOfum; - vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wwyfç vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wwyfç
&mZwrefjrif;wwyfç wk&if&mZmjrif;wwyfç eE´odrf;pnf;jrif;wwyfç wk&ifAvjrif;wwyfç pwk&*Fol
jrif;wwyfç wk&ifa,mf"mjrif;wwyfç onfjrif;&Spfwyfudk a&SUzsm;csD&onf/ ,if;urS (NrdKifNrdKUpm; ordef
oHvdkufwwyfç rvGefNrdKUpm;&mZoMuøwwyfç "EkjzLpm; ordef&J;oif&Hwwyfç 'vpm; oD&daZ,saemf&
xmwwyfç vufsm;pm;b,ausmfolwwyfç ykodefpm; Anm;avmwwyf) pvif;NrdKUudkpm;aom pnfol
ausmfxifwwyfç p&yfNrdKUudkpm;aom ordefy&rf;wwyfç oHvsifNrdKUudk pm;aom bm&umrPdwwyfç
armfyDNrdKUudkpm;aom Anm;usef;axmwwyfç om,m0wDNrdKUudkpm;aom aemf&xmwwyfç
abmif;vif;NrdKUudkpm;aom eE´ol&d,wwyfç vdkifNrdKUudkpm;aom eE´ausmfxifwwyfç '*kHNrdKUudkpm;aom
oD&aZ,sausmfxifwwyfç nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifwwyfç nDawmf awmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwwyfç
,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;wyfrjyKícsDawmfrlonf/
wyfawmfwGif0if;awmfav;rsufESmom;av;axmifudka½TvTm;a½Tuma½TvSHcsnf;udkif&onf/ukvm;
av;&mudkvnf; tkyfxkyfaqmif;apí a½Tem;oHaAmif;bDESifh aoewfudkifapí qifawmfa&SUaemuf eHyg;
ESpfbufvdkuf&onf/ udk,f&Hawmfjrif;oHk;axmifwdkUudkvnf; qifawmfa&SUaemufeHyg;ESpfbufvdkuf
&onf/ wdkufqifav;q,fudkvnf; trwfav;usdyfpD;apí vuf0J;vufsma&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/
rª;om;rwfom;wdkUudkvnf; a½Tumudkifapí a&SUaemufESpfbufvdkuf&onf/ wyfawmfwGif ouf&Snf
ausmfxifudkwyfrª; &mZeE´a,mf"mudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/ jrif;wyf&SpfwyfESifhwuGwyfaygif; 25-
wyfwGifygonf wdkufqif&Spf&mç jrif;udk;axmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;&Spfaomif;ESifhMunf;aMumif;csD
awmfrlonf/ aejynfawmf [Hom0wDwGif tapmifhtaecefUxm;awmfrlonfum; om;awmfr[mOy&mZm
ESifh eE´oMuøudkcefUawmfrlonf/ ta&SUbufrkwår 32-NrdKUudkrlum; - Zif;r,fjynfBuD; ,dk;',m;jynf
BuD;ESifh eD;avonfudk taMumif;axmufawmfrlí nDawmfrkwårrif;BuD;rif;&J;pnfolESifh armfvNrdKifpm;
Anm;OD; awmifyykHpm;aZmu&wfç a,;NrdKUpm;rif;&J;ocF,mwdkUudk qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifhtcdkiftvkHapmifhae
&onf/ &cdkifoHwGJ;pyfwdkUudk vif;yawhpm; a';yoG,fpm;wdkUudk qifjrif;tvkH;t&if;ESifhtapmifhtaecefU
awmfrlonf/
þodkUjynftvkH;udk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS ouú&mZf(916)udk;&mhwq,fhajcmufck eawåmfvqef;
4-&uf 4-[l;aeU [Hom0wDaejynfawmfu Munf;aMumif;csDí ]]jynfvkH;atmifxif}}[laom wyfawmf
wGifcsawmfrlonf/
,if;uonfawmifilNrdKUudkav;pcef;csDawmfrlonf/auwkrwDodkUa&mufawmfrlvQifnDawmfbk&if
rif;acgifþodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ &wemyl& tif;0jynfBuD;onf &Srf;jynfwvTm;apmfbGm;wdkUulnD
avaomaMumifh tvkH;t&if;qifjrif;rsm;avonf/ ,if;odkUomr[kwfNrdKUrSmvnf; a&onf&pfvnf0ef;&H
í &dSavaomaMumifh tvkyftMuHcJ;cufavonf/ av;ig;vwGifta&;awmfNyD;vG,fatmif½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyf
MuHawmfrlrSoifhrnf/ a&SU0gqdk0gacgifa&mufía&jynfvQrf;onf&dSaomf tvkyftMuHrsm;csdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkU
omr[kwf &rnf;oif; ç 0wDç ,if;awmfç vdIif;wufç anmif;&rf;paomNrdKUrsm;wGifvnf;tvkH;t&if;ESifh
csnf;jzpfonf/ ajrmufbufwwef;wGif&dSaom NrdKUjywdkUwGifvnf; tvkH;t&if;ESifhcsnf;jzpfonf/BudK;BudK;
yrf;yrf;vkyfMuH&rS ta&;awmfNyD;vG,frnf/ ,ckcsDawmfrl&mrSmvnf; okH;pkcGJ;ícsDaprS awmifbuf0,f&dS
aomNrdKU½Gmtaygif;wdkUudkodrf;,lawmfrlrdrnf em;awmfavQmufonf/
 245 - awmifilNrdKUudka&mufrSppfokH;aMumif;t0odkUcsDwufykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmfrif;acgifavQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí eE´odrf;

pnf;jrif;wyfç wk&ifAvjrif;wyfç pnfolausmfxifwwyfç ordef&J;oif&Hwwyfç b,umrPdwwyfç
ordefoHvdkufwwyfç nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwwyfç jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifhwyfaygif; 7-wyfudk
ta&SUaMumif;csD&onf/
ppfwk&*foljrif;wwyfç wk&ifa,mf"mjrif;wwyfç &mZoMuøwwyfç Anm;usef;axm wwyfç
oD&daZ,saemf&xm wwyfç ordefy&rf;wwyfç nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifwwyfç jrif;wyfESpfwyf
ESifhwyfaygif; 7-wyfudk tv,faMumif;csD&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm jrif;wyf 4-wyfESifhwyfaygif;q,fwyfudktaemufaMumif;csDawmf
rlonf/ pcef;cswdkif; obifcHawmfrlonf/ awmifwGif;BuD;uonf ausmufyef;awmif;udkwdkufí yk*HodkU
qif;awmfrlonf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif yk*HajrmufwGif wyfcsíaeawmfrlonf/ a½Tpnf;ckHbk&m;&Sifudkzl;jrif
awmfrlonf/ bk&m;&SifwGif xD;awmf t*Fawysufavonfrsm;udk vkyfpdrfhrnf[lí OD;&D;awmfrif;pnfol
udkaiGESpfq,fhig;ydómtyfawmfrlonf/
nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwdkU 7-wyfta&SUaMumif;csD&mrSm &rnf;oif;udkwdkufícsDawmfrl
onf/ &rnf;oif;pm; ç 0wDpm; ç ,if;awmfpm; ç vdIifwufpm; ç anmif&rf;pm;wdkUvnf; NrdKUwGifrcH0Hhí
tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuGxGufajy;í t0odkUaygif;Muav\/ bk&ifrif;acgifwdkU 7wyfom;vnf; qifjrif;
vloluRJ;EGm;wdkUudkodrf;,lí aemufxyfcsDawmfrlonf/ yif;,awmif&efatmifjrifwyfawmfodkUa&mufvQif
wyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;udkiHhíaeawmfrl\/
nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifwdkU tv,faMumif;csD&mrSmvnf; yif;wvJ;pm; ç jyifpnfpm;wdkUrcH0Hhí
tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG t0odkUaygif;av\/ rif;&J;ausmfxifwdkUwyf 7-wyfom;onf&orQqifjrif;Adkvfyg
vloltaygif;wdkUudkodrf;,lawmfrlí aemufxyfcsD&onf/ yif;,awmif&efatmifjrifwyfodkUa&mufvQif
aemifawmfESifhawGUíwyfcsawmfrlonf/
nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifwdkUa&mufvQif aemifawmfbk&ifrif;acgifvnf; wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkU
udkac:íþodkUrdefUawmfrl\/ ,ckvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;taemufaMumif;csDawmfrlí yk*HodkU
qif;awmfrlonf/ nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmwdkU avSwyfESifhaygif;ítaemufwvTm;ajrmufwvTm;udk vkyfMuH
awmfrlcsdrfhrnf/ igwdkUESpfaMumif;csD&oolwdkUudkvnf;ac:awmfrrl/ onfwGifvnf;t&Snfaernfr[kwf/
,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh &wemyl&NrdKUodkUvkyfMuHoifhvnf; vkyfMuH&rnf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;&dS&m
csDoifhvnf;csD&rnf/ tpfudkwdkUpdwfwGifb,fodkUxifMuoenf;[kar;awmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifavQmufonfum; -,ckuREfkyfwdkUudkcefUawmfrlonf
vnf; &efolwdkUudkwdkufpdrfhrnf[lícefUawmfrlonf/ aepdrfhrnf[lícefUawmfrrl/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh
t0odkUcsDíwdkuf&rnf[kavQmufonf/
rif;&J;ausmfxifavQmufaompum;udk Anm;usef;axmMum;vQif þodkUavQmufonf/ ocif
avQmufaomta&;onf ppfa&;yifjzpfawmhonf/ odkU&mwGif ,ckvkyfMuHawmfrlrnfrSm tvsifwaqm
ppfOD;bDvl;yg vkyfMuH&rnfta&;r[kwf/ t0e&ywdpnfolvnf; &Srf;udk;jynfaxmifudk trSD&avaom
aMumifhqifjrif;Adkvfygrsm;avonf/vufeufud&d,mvnf;NrdKUwGif;uxlxyfrSonf/b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
bk&m; a&mufawmfrlí a&wyfMunf;wyf ½kH;½kH;pnf;pnf;vkyfMuHawmfrlrS ta&;awmfoifhrnf/ ,if;okdUjzpf
aomaMumifh onfwGif wyfcdkifwyfvkHESifh aernfolxGufíwdkufvSmvQifvnf; wdkufrnf/ olrxGufvm
vQifvnf; &J;rufAdkvfyg qifjrif;wdkUudkjznfhwif;íaernf[kavQmufonf/ Anm;usef;axmavQmufaom
pum;udkwyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUBudKufnDMuonf/ bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; BudKufawmfrlí ,if;wGifyifae
awmfrlonf/
 246 - t0NrdKUwGif;uxGufíwdkuf&matmifjrifykH

,if;odkUaeawmfrlonfudk t0bk&ife&ywdu wdkufqifw&mç jrif;ESpfaxmifç ppfonfol&J;

av;aomif;ESifhcsDvSmonfudk nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifwdkU 7-wyfom;BudKíwdkufonf/ t0u jrif;wyf
ysufav\ jrif;wyfysufvQuf qifwyfBudKcHonfudk rif;&J;ausmfxif oHjrifpGmudkpD;awmfrlí wdkufawmf
rlonf/ wyfOD;ysufav\/ wyfOD;ysufvQif &mZoMuøç Anm;usef;axmç oD&daZ,saemf&xmçordefy&rf;
wdkUav;wyf bdíwdkufonf/t0utvsifcGgav\/jrif;okH;q,fausmfESifhrdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;trwf]]ywvkH}}
udk&awmfrlonf/ aemufwBudrf qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifhxGufvSmí yif;,wdkifatmif a&mufvSmonf
udk bk&ifrif;acgif rif;&J;ausmfxifwdkUjrif;wyfav;wyf qifwyfq,fwyfESifhBudKawmfrlonf/ ppftifudk
jrifvQif &Srf;wdkUrcH0Hhí tjyif;cGgav\/ wHwm;OD;wdkifatmifxyfí vdkufawmfrlonf/ t0NrdKUwdkifatmif
vdkufav\/ NrdKUwGif;u vufeufud&d,mxlxyfvSaomaMumifh rcsOf;Edkifacs/ wyfawmfodkUjyefíaeawmf
rlonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmwdkUavSwyfa&mufvQifajrmif;wl;ykcef;BuD;
udk vkyfMuHavtrdefUawmf&dSí avSwyfom;wdkUqefESifh&onf/ ,if;odkUrS yk*Huonf vufxkyfodkUcsDawmf
rlíuGrf;½Gmudkul;awmfrlonf/ uGrf;½Gmuonf ykcef;BuD;udk csDawmfrlonf/ ykcef;pm;vnf; b0&Sifrif;
w&m;BuD;a&tm;Munf;tm; csDawmfrlvSmonf/ &J;rufAdkvfygrsm;vSonf[líMum;vQifNrdKUwGifrae0Hhí
tvkH;t&if;udkNrdKUwGifcefUxm;NyD;vQif rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;odkUajy;0ifav\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmwdkU avSwyfudkcsif;wGif;odkU0ifí tjrifhç
A'kHç urf;eD onfNrdKUrsm;udkvkyfMuHacs[líapawmfrlonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rlum;- ykcef;NrdKUudk
taqmwvsifvkyfMuHapí &awmfrlvQif &efatmifbDvl;ESifh a½TavSrª;udk tvkH;t&if;ESifh tapmifhtae
cefU awmfrlí ykcef;BuD;uonf Mucwf0&modkU ul;awmfrlonf/ ,if;urS y&dr®wGif ckepf&ufcefUaeawmf
rlí nDawmfwdkUa&wyfudkrpawmfrlonf/
nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUonf csif;wGif;0udk0ifí tjrifhudkvkyfMuHrnfpD&ifawmfrlpOf tjrifh
pm; ocF,monf; ajy;aomfvnf;rvGwf&mtMuH&dSí qifBuD;jrif;BuD;om;orD;wdkUudk vufaqmifawmf
qufí uRefawmfcHvSmonf/A'kHpm;&mZoMuørlum;tvkH;t&if;ESifhNrdKUwGif;cHESifhonfudknDawmfjynfbk&if
owdk;"r®&mZmwdkU avSwyfa&mufí ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyfMuHawmfrlvQif NrdKUpm;ESifhwuG wNrdKUvkH;udk&awmfrl
onf/ ,if;odkUvQif om;r,m;ESifhwuG &mZoMuøudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;wyfawmfy&dr®odkUqufvSmonf/
,if;odkUrS A'kHwGiftapmifhtaecefUí rdk;aomufvQif urf;eDodkUtjyif;csDawmfrlonf/ urf;eD;pm;
toufaornfudkaMumufí qifBuD;ESpfpD; om;orD;wdkUudk vufaqmifawmfqufí uRefawmfcHvSm\/
nDawmfjynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmvnf; urf;eD;pm;ESifhwuG om;orD;wdkUudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;odkU
tvsifqufvSm&onf/ ,if;odkUrS urf;eDwGif oa&yknmESifh pE´a,m"mudktvkH;t&if;ESifhtapmifhtae
cefUawmfrlcJhí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u ac:awmfrlonfESifh tvsifvdkufawmfrlonf/ ajrmif½GmodkU
a&mufrSawGUawmfrlonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;vnf; nDawmfwdkUrDSvmvQif Munf;a&bufí jrif;rludk
wdkufí ajrmufbufaMumif;ppfudkif;odkUcsDawmfrlonf/
jrpfudkul;awmfrlrdvQif ppfudkif;pm;vnf;rcH0Hhí rdk;n§if;odkUajy;av\/ ppfudkif;odkUa&mufawmfrl
vQif a&wyfç Munf;wyftaetxm;oifhatmif pD&ifawmfrlNyD;rS nDawmfbk&ifrif;acgif nDawmfrif;&J;
ausmfxifwdkUwq,fhav;wyfom;wdkU&dS&modkUapawmfrlonf/ ap[efum;-rnfonfhaeU&ufudk t0odkU
Munf;a&vkyfMuHawmfrlrnf/ tudkwdkU 14-wyfom;ppfrsufESmjzefUíwufap[kapawmfrlonf/
 247 - awmifilrif;acgifrif;&J;ausmfxifwdkUt0udkwdkufykH

nDawmfbk&ifrif;acgif nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifwdkUvnf; rSmawmfrlonfaeU&ufa&mufvQif qif

jrif;uapí ppfonfAdkvfygwdkUudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;vQif ppfrsufESmjzefUí t0odkUcsDawmfrlMuonf/
,if;aomtcg bk&ifrif;acgifrSm apm&efESif[laomqifudkpD;awmfrlonf/ ordefoHvdkufrSm i&ufEG,f[l
aomqifudkpD;onf/ pnfolausmfxifrSmem*g0&[laom qifudkpD;onf/ ordef;&J;oif&HrSm pG,fvref[l
aomqifudkpD;awmfrlonf/ ordefy&rf;rSm yvifpG,f[laom qifudkpD;onf/ oD&daZ,saemf&xmrSm
&wemajymifausmf[laom qifudkpD;onf/ Anm;usef;axmrSmaZ,sowå½k[laom qifudkpD;onf/
&mZoMuørSm &Jvkvif[laomqifudkpD;onf/ jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifh 7-wyfrSmtaemufaMumif;csDí rusnf;
qifwJ;uonft0odkUcsDonf/ ,if;odkUrSjrif;wyfESpfwyfudk tvsifcsDapíppfa&;iif&onf/ t0bk&ife
&ywd uvnf; wdkufqifw&mç jrif;okH;axmifausmfudk NrdKUu xGufapí rif;&J;ausmfxifjrif;wyfom;
wdkUudkwdkufvSmonf/ jrif;awmfonfwdkUuvnf; cHírenf;MumwdkufMuonf/ ,if;odkUpOfwGif ordef
y&rf; yvifpG,fol[laomqifudkpD;ívTwfonf/ Anm;usef;axm aZ,sowå½k[laom qifudk
pD;ívTwfonf/ t0&Srf; wdkUppfonftrf;í aeav\/ ,if;odkUpOfwGif rif;&J;ausmfxif oHjrifpGmudk
cRef;bGifhíqifajcbkH;vSH&SnfudkifokH;axmifESifh tjyif;wdkufawmfrlonf/ &Srf; wdkUppfonfESpfpkuGJ;av\/
xdkodkUESpfpkuGJ;onfudkjrifvQif oD&daZ,saemf&xm &wemajymifausmfudkcRef; bGifhívTwfonf/ &mZoMuø
&J;vkvifqifudkcRef;bGifhívTwfonf/ &Srf;wdkUppfysufí NrdKUwGif;odkUajy;0ifav\/ qifckESpfpD; ç jrif;okH;
q,fausmfç okHUyef;vlav;&mausmf&awmfrl\/ ,if;odkUrS vkH;awmfaygufudkywfí wyfwnfawmf
rlonf/
bk&ifrif;acgifwdkUrSmvnf; wdkufqif&Spfq,fç jrif;ESpfaxmifESifh wHwm;OD;uBudKvSmonfudk
ordefoHvdkufi&ufEG,fESifh pnfolausmfxifem*g0&ESifhcRef;bGifhumvTwfonf/ &Srf;wdkUjrif;ykHodkUa&mufí
jrif;av;pD;ig;pD;vnf;av\/ &Srf;wdkUqifwyfvnf;&yfav\/ xdkodkUpOfwGif bk&ifrif;acgifapm&efESifh
ordef&J;oif&HpG,fvref[laomqifESifh b,umrPdwifajymifrGefESifh cRef;bGifhumvTwfvQif &Srf;wdkUppf
onfy&rf;ywmtpkpkuGJ;av\/ jrif;awmfonfwdkUvdkufíwdkufvQif ysufjyefav\/jrif;ig;q,fausmfç
okHUyef;vlESpf&mausmf&awmfrlonf/ rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;trwf uyfBudK;pm;vnf; qifESifhwuG&awmfrl
onf/ ,if;okdUrS awmifbDvl;y&uúrudkywfíwnfawmfrlonf/
 248 - t0udkwdkufzsufodrf;,lawmfrlykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ppfukdif;uonfa½TMuuf,ufudkul;awmfrlí t0ta&SUbufu

t&yftaejyKawmfrlonf/ nDawmfjynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmwdkUavSwyfom;udkvnf; ppfudkif;ut0odkUul;
apí Munf;a&0ef;&Hawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUvQif t0bk&ife&ywdpnfolrSpí wNrdKUvkH;onf jr§HK;wGif;
ig;uJhodkU xdwfvefUjcif;jyif;pGmjzpfav\/ &J;jcif;ESifhjynfhpkHaom ppfonftaygif;wdkUonf t0NrdKUudkcsOf;
íqifonfqifESifhNrdKUwHcg;udkwdkufukef\/ jrif;onfvnf; jrif;ESifhcsOf;íavSum;ESifhcsOf;íavSum;ESifh
NrdKUudkwufukef\/ ajconfvnf;wl½Gif;udkifíNrdKUudkwl;ukef\/ ,ifodkUvkyfMuHawmfrlvQif &wemyl&t0
trnf&dSaom jynfBuD;onfrcHEdkifí ouú&mZf(916)udk;&mhwq,fhajcmufck wydkUwGJ;vjynfhausmfav;&uf
we*FaEGaer0ifcifwGifNrdKUtvkH;udk&awmfrlonf/ t0bk&if e&ywdpnfolrlum; - n&Dwa&mudkuRefig;
a,mufESifh NrdKUuxGufajy;í tkef;abmifapmfbGm;ppfulvmonf/ ra&mufcifqifacgif;wGifwyfcsíae
onfMumaomaMumifh xdkwyfodkUoGm;onf/ ru©&mwGif ol0ifwdkUawGUvQifbrf;í b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
bk&m;&dS&m qufvSm\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; e&ywdpnfoludk jrifawmfrlvQifoem;awmfrlí
opömawmfay;NyD;vQif tvkyftauR;rdef;r a,mufsm;okH;q,fausmfay;awmfrlí aumif;rGefpGmxm;awmfrl
onf/
e&ywdpnfoludkbrf;í qufvSmaomol0iftBuD;udkvnf;tm;&awmfrlí ]]jrif;onfvS}}[laom
trnfESifh zeef;½Gm"m;ig;ywfcHwGif; ykqdk;aumif;0wfvkH;aMu;pyg;ay;awmfrlonf/ nDawmfrif;&J;
ausmfxifudktyfívnf; trIawmfudkxrf;&onf/
,if;odkUrS awmifbDvl;t&yfwGif tdrfawmfaqmufíaeawmfrlonf/ tdrfawmfNyD;vQif Munf;wyf
a&wyfwyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlíyGJ;vrf;&oolwdkUudkar;jref;pDppfawmfrlítxdkuftavsmuf
trnft&nf pm;aus;pm;vufpm;cGufpm;a,muf ay;awmfrlonf/ nDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxifudkvnf;
]]owdk;rif;apm}}[laomtrnfESifh t0NrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/ a0gyvma½Tcsufav;pif; qifaygif;0ef;a½T
xnfhç pnf7-vkH;ESJ;c&mtpkH ay;awmfrlonf/ t0wGif&dSaom qifjrif;AdkvfygwdkUudkvnf;ay;awmfrlonf/
zsifwpm;oa&pnfoludkvnf; ajrmufbuf jrif;ESpfaxmifoif;udkrª;apí ppfudkif;NrdKUudkay;awmf
rlonf/
tkef;aygifapmfbGm;vnf; qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh t0e&ywduppfulrnf[kcsDvSmonf/ rif;w&m;
BuD;bk&m; t0udk0ef;&Hí vkyfMuHonf/ ysufNyD[líMum;vQif rqif;vSm0Hhí qifacgif;0uf0ifwGifwyfcsí
aeav\/ aemufvnf;b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;csDvSmonf/ ppftifrsm;vSonf[lí Mum;vQif wyfudkEkwfí
tkef;aygifodkUjyefav\/
 249 - pOfhul;NrdKUudkodrf;,lykH

tkef;aygifapmfbGm;BuD;ckHrIdif;om;rlum; -tvkH;t&if;ESifhpOfhul;NrdKUudkpm;onf/t0ysufvQifpOfhul;
odkUajy;av\/ NrdKUjyusHK;ajrmif;uwkwf&ifwm;jyifqifjyefav\/ xdktaMumif;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
Mum;awmfrlvQif nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmESifh Anm;avmç Anm;usef;axmç Anm;'vwdkUudka&aMumif;
qefípOfhul;NrdKUudkvkyfMuHacsapawmfrlonf/ nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUvnf; avSwyftaygif;ESifhjrp
wGif;jynfhrQqefí pOfUul;odkUa&mufvQif avSwyfw0uf&J;rufudkMunf;odkUwufapí taMumuft½GHr&dS
½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHMunf;a&vkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ rcHEdkifíysufav\/ r,m;ESrESifhwuG om;orD;wdkUudk&awmf
rlonf/ NrdKUtvkH;udk&awmfrlvQif &J;rufawmftaygif;wdkUvnf; qifjrif;vlola½TaiGaMu; oHt0wftpm;
wdkUudkodrf;,lMuonf/ wa,mufrQ vufcsnf;r&dS[l\/ xdkodkU&&mwGif qifjrif;vlolvufeufudk
um;odrf;,lawmf rlonf/ xdkrSwyg;&ool ,laptrdefUawmf&dSí ,l&onf/ ,if;odkUrS oufawmf&Snfudk
pOfhul;NrdKUudk tvkH;t&if;ESifhay;awmfrlí nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmwdkUavSwyfudkac:awmfrlí t0odkUjyef
&onf/
 250 - jynfxJ;ta&;udkwdkifyifawmfrlykH

rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; ç rdk;n§if;apmfbGm; ç uav;apmfbGm;wdkUvnf; t0u ppfulrnf[lí qifjrif;

Adkvfyg trsm;ESifhcsDvSmonf/ om0wdåNrdKUodkUa&mufvQif t0ysufaMumif;udkMum;vQif xdkt&yfwGifyifwyf
csí(aeonfhtaMumif;rsm;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;Mum;awmfrlvQif nDawmfom;awmfrª;awmfrwfawmfwdkU
udkac:awmfrlí) apmfbGm;okH;OD;wdkUom0wådNrdKUwGif ,ckcHaeonfudk udk,fwdkifcsDívkyfMuHaomfvnf;oifh
rnfavm rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUudkom csDapí vkyfMuHap&aomfvnf;oifhrnfavm[lí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;
awmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg ykodefpm; Anm;avmavQmufonfum; - ,ckapmfbGm;okH;OD;ppfonfAkdvfygrsm;
ESifhcsDvSmí om0wådwGifaeonfudk nDawmfom;awmfrª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUudkom csDapíroifhacs/ olwdkU
t&yft&mvnf;jzpfonf/ rdk;a&usawmhrnfvnf;eD;NyD/ bkef;BuD;onfbk&m;ukd,fawmfcsDawmfrlí ½Gyf½Gyf
cRHcRHvkyfMuHawmfrlrS nDawmfom;awmfwyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkU tm;wufoa&m trIawmfudkxrf;aqmif
rnf/ waMumif;rSmvnf; &Srf;wdkUvkyf&nfMuH&nfudkvnf; txufujynfNrdKUudk nDawmfbk&m;&Hawmfrl
onf umvuyif tBudrfBudrfod&avNyD;onf/ csDawmfrlaomfvnf; ppfNydKifícH0Hhrnfrxif/ ,if;odkUjzpf
aomaMumifhnDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUavSwyfudk txufprÜ,fe*dk&fMuHn§yfwdkifatmifqefíaepdrfhrnf/
,if;odkUpD&ifawmfrlvQif apmfbGm;rsm;ppfrsufESmuGufvdrhfrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;avmavQmufaompum;udk nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmMum;awmfrlvQif onfta&;onfoifhvS
onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;csDawmfrlrS ta&;awmfNyD;vG,frnf/uRefawmfwdkUavSwyfom;vnf;prÜ,fe*dk&f
MuHn§yfwdkifatmifqefí ta&;awmfomvQifvnf;avSwyfu aernf? ta&;awmfromvQifvnf; avS
wyfuMunf;wyfodkU aygif;rnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; Anm;avm
avQmufaom ta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí qifjrif;AkdvfygwdkUudkabmifESifh pudkif;bufodkUul;&onf/ Adkvfyg
qifjrif;ul;rdvQif bk&ifrif;acgifwdkUjrif;wyfESifh 7-wyfudkrlum;-taemufaMumif;csD&onf/
nDawmft0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmrSmjrif;ESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif; 7-wyfudkrlum; ta&SUbufaMumif;
csD&onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;rSm jrif;wyfav;wyfudka&SUcsDaponf/ wyfrawmfESifhwuG wyfaygif; 7-
wyfrSmtv,faMumif;csDawmfrlonf/ nDawmfjynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZm wdkUavSwyfrsm;udkvnf; tnmodkU
rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESifh waeUwcgwnf; ouú&mZf(916) udk;&mh wq,fhajcmufck waygif;vqef; 9-
&uf paeaeUcsDawmfrlonf/ pudkif;uonf pma&;wGifcsawmfrlonf/ pma&;uonf jrif;uef½GmwGif
csawmfrlonf/ jrif;uefuonf tif;zJ;wGifcsawmfrlonf/ tif;zJ; uonf [vif;wGifcsawmfrlonf/
[vif;uonf om0wdåNrdKUudk 5-pcef;csDawmfrlonf/ pcef;cswdkif; obifcHawmfrlonf/
 251 - apmfbGm;okH;OD;wdkUudkwdkufcdkufodrf;,lykH

om0wådNrdKUodkU ra&mufcif wpcef;wGifaeawmfrlí vuf0J;&J;wdkifwdkUjrif;wyfom;udk jrif;av;

axmifESifhprf;csDcsD&av\/apmfbGm;okH;OD;wdkUuvnf;jrif;av;axmifausmfcefUESifhBudKvSmonf/vuf0J;&J;
wdkif wdkUuvnf; &Srf;wdkUBudKvSmonfudkawGUvQif tqD;twm;r&dS okH;pkcGJ;íwdkufonf/ &Srf;wdkUppf
ysufav\/ qifig;pD; ç jrif;w&mausmfç vlokH;&mausmf&vdkufonf/ aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/ jrif;
awmfonfwdkUvnf; om0wådNrdKU&if;wdkifatmifxyfívdkufav\/ (apmfbGm;okH;OD;)wdkUvnf;jrif;wyfysuf
vQif om0wdåNrdKUwGif rcH0HhNrdKUuxGufítjyif;cGgav\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; xyfícsDawmfrlvSmonfESifh nDawmfESpfyg; taemufaMumif;
csD&m(ua&mufvQif ppfokH;aMumif;csDawmfrl\/ rrDSacs/ qifjrif;vlol usef&pfonfrsm;udk ,lawmfrlí
,if;wGif wyfcsíaeawmfrlonf/ xdktcg ykcef;pm;ajy;avoolvnf; qifBuD;jrif;BuD; om;orD;wdkUudk
vufaqmifawmfqufíuRefawmfcHvSmonf/)(rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;) a,mufz'DyJ;,if;pm;vnf; om;orD;
qifBuD;jrif;BuD;wdkUudk vufaqmifawmfqufí uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ pnfykwå&mpm;vnf; (vufaqmif
vufeuftrsm;ESifh om;orD;wdkUudk,lí uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;)
uav;apmfbGm;wdkUrlum; om0wådNrdKUuxGufajy;í ajr;wl;NrdKUodkUa&mufvQif wyfawmifwnftcdkiftvkH
aeavonf/ rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;wl 0ef;odkpm;rlum; wq,f½GmwGif qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifhcHaeonf/
onftaMumif;rsm;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;Mum;awmfrlvQif om0wdåuonf ajrwl;odkUcsDawmfrl
onf/ tifywfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif wq,fwGifcHíaeaom 0ef;odkpm;udkwdkufav[lí nDawmfowdk;
rif;apmwdkU 7-wyfom;udk (rdefUawmfrlonf/ owdk;) rif;apmwdkUvnf; wq,fodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif
tqD;twm;r&dS ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyfMuHawmfrlonfrcHEdkifí ysufvQif apmfbGm;okH;OD;wdkU&dS&m ajrwl;odkUaygif;
av\/
nDawmft0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmvnf; awmifilbk&if rif;acgifwdkU 7-wyfom;a&mufvSmonfESifh
xyfívdkufawmfrlMuvQif apmfbGm;okH;OD;wdkUonf cHa,mifjyKí ajrwl;utjyif;cGgav\ t0bk&if
owdk;rif;apmwdkU q,fhav;om;vnf; trDSvdkufawmfrlí qifcRef;bGifhumwdkufawmfrlonf/ apmfbGm;okH;
OD;ysufav\/ qif 7-pD; ç jrif;oHk;&mausmfç vlokH;axmifausmf&awmfrlonf/aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; xyfícsDawmfrlvSmonfudk ajrwl;odkUa&mufawmfrlvQif wyfrcsíae
awmfrl\/
 252 - ajrmufbufwvTm;udkNrdKUpm;xnfhykH

nwJ;awmfOD;odkU nDawmfbk&ifrif;acgif tp&dSaom rª;awmfrwfawmfwyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudk

ac:awmfrlí rdk;aumif; rdk;ñSif; uav;wdkifatmif vdkufawmfrl&aomfvnf;oifhrnfavm/ ,ckigwdkU
jrefrmwjynftvkH;udk odrf;jref;NyD;onfjzpf\/ odrf;rdorQNrdKUjywdkUudk tvkH;t&if;ESifh aus;pm;xnfhí
tcdkiftvkHaeapNyD;rS jyefawmfrl&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm[lí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonf/ oD&daZ,s
aemf&xmavQmufonf/ ,ckvnf;rdk;tcgeD;NyDjzpfonf/ &Srf;jynfwvTm;wdkUonfvnf;awmifurf;acsmif;
ajrmif;BuD;onf/ rdk;usvQif qifaMumif; jrif;aMumif; rom/ ,if;odkUvQif tvkyftMuHrsm;csdrfhrnf/ ,ck
atmifawmfrl&mrSmvnf; &wemyl&tp&dSaom jrefrmEdkifiHvkH;udkatmifawmfrljcif;onf tvGefjzpfcJ;vS
onf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifhjrefrmEdkifiHjzpfaomajrmufbufwvTm;wGif&dSaomNrdKUBuD;wdkUudktvkH;t&if;
ESifhtcdkiftcefUNrdKUpm;xnfhawmfrlí onfwBudrfudkjyefoihfao;onf/ ,if;odkUjyefawmfrlí qifjrif;
Akdvfygudkjznfhwif;awmfrlNyD;rS a&SUrdk;pJ;avomodkU csDawmfrlvQif apmfbGm;okH;OD;vufawmfu vGwfEdkifrnf
oabmr&dS[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
oD&daZ,saemf&xmavQmufaompum;udk Anm;'vMum;vQif uRefawmfoD&daZ,saemf&xm
avQmufaomta&;onf oifhvSayonf/ uRefawmfwdkU vuf½kH;&nfudkvnf; &Srf;wdkUuodMuNyD/ &Srf;wdkU
vuf½kH;&nfudkvnf; uRefawmfwdkUodavNyD;onf/ a&SUrdk;vif;yGifhudk csDawmfrlvQif apmfbGm;okH;OD;vuf
awmfu vGwf&rnfavm[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; oD&daZ,saemf&xmavQmufaomta&;udk BudKufawmfrlí qif
ESpfq,fç jrif;ESpf&mç AdkvfokH;axmifESifh wuGouf&Snfausmfxifudkajrwl;NrdKUudkay;awmfrlí tcdkiftvkHae
&onf/ ajrwl;ESifheD;pyfaomNrdKUudkvnf; ouf&SnfausmfxifESifht&if;tcsmwdkUudkay;awmfrlonf/
rdk;ñSif;pm;a,mufz 'DyJ;,if;pm;udkvnf; opömawmfay;NyD;vQif ]]oD[yawh}}[laom trnfESifh
vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç axG;cHç xD;eDç anmif½GufokH;qifhESifhwuG ykcef;BuD;udkay;awmfrlonf/
ykcef;BuD;pm;udkvnf; opömawmfay;NyD;vQif uGrf;cGufç vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç axG;cHç
xD;eDç anmif½GufESpfqifhESifhwuG ]]aZ,soMuø}}[laomtrnfudk orkwfawmfrlíajrwJ;NrdKUudkay;awmfrl
onf/
rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;wl pnfykwå&mpm;udkvnf; opömawmfay;NyD;vQif ]]ocF,m}}[laomtrnfESifh
uGrf;cGufç vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç axG;cHç xD;eDç anmif½GufESifhwuG y'kHNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/
pnfykwå&mNrdKUudkrlum; - ]]aZ,sxD;vdIif}}udkwdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfwaomif;ESifh
wuGay;awmfrlítcdkiftvkHae&onf/
urf;eDpm; tjrifhpm;wdkUudkrlum; - rdrdwdkUpm;jrJ;urf;eDtjrifhudkopömawmfcHapíay;awmfrlonf/
,if;odkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmwdkUav;wyfudkac:awmfrlonf/ nDawmf
owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUvnf; prÜg,fe*dk&fMuHñSyfpaomwaumif; ç cRefawmifç jrawmifwdkUudk tjyif;vkyfMuH
awmfrlí xD;usdKif;odkUa&mufvQif xD;usdKif;pm;cHESifhonfudkvkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ xD;usdKif;pm;vnf;ao
av\/ wNrdKUvkH;udk,lcJhí t0odkUa&mufvQif &cJhonfhqifjrif;vlolwdkUudk vufaqmifawmfqufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ajrwl;uonf jyefawmfrlí ouú&mZf(917) udk;&mhwq,fhckESpfck
uqkefvqef; ESpf&ufpaeaeU t0odkUa&mufawmfrlonf/ awmifbDvl;wJ;awmfwGifaeawmfrlí a&wyf
Munf;wyfwGif yGJ;vrf;&ooltrª;trwfwdkUudktrnft&nf taqmifta,mif pm;aus;pm;vuf txdkuf
tavsmufay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS ¤if;ouú&mZf(917)udk;&mhwq,fhckESpfck
uqkefvjynfhausmf ESpf&uf 5-aw;aeU aejynfawmf[Hom0wDodkU t0ujyefawmfrlonf/ e,kef
vjynfhausmf w&uf 6-MumaeU [Hom0wDa½Teef;awmfodkUa&mufawmfrlonf/
]]ta&;awmfykHwGif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; &wemyl&udkvkyfMuHawmfrlaomtcg
om;awmf r[mOy&mZmcrnf;awmfbk&m;ESifh twlygonft[efqdkavonf/ rygav/
ordkif;awmfus,frSm NrdKUapmifhcefUawmfrlonf[k qdkavonf}}/
&wemyl&t0udk tvdkawmfjynfhvQif rif;w&m;a½TxD;om;awmf rif;vufsmudk NrdKUapmifhcefUawmf
rlonf[lí ykPÖm;&mZjA[®&mZ0ifwGifqdkonf/ r[kwfav/ atmifjrifawmfrlvQifnDawmfrif;&J;ausmfxif
udk owdk;rif;apmtrnfESifh ouú&mZf(916)udk;&mhwq,fhajcmufck wydkUwGJ;vjynfhausmf 12-&uf
t*FgaeU &wemyl&NrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf[lí ouú&mZfykHwGifqdkonf/
 253 - aumif;rIawmfjyKrlykHrsm;

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; [Hom0wDudk a&mufawmfrlvQif auwkrwDrSm crnf;awmf aumif;rI

awmf &wemjrpnf;ckHbk&m;&Sifudk xD;wifpdrfhrnf[lí a½Tcsdef 5-ydóm okH;q,fhig;usyf nDawmf bk&if
rif;acgifudk tyfawmfrlí vkyf&onf/ crnf;awmf q&mawmf&Sifo'¨r®ygvudk aZw0efa½Tausmif;/
ausmif;&H 30ESifhwuG aqmufívªawmfrlonf/ xdkouú&mZf 917-ck wefaqmifrkef;vwGif oD[dkVfuRef;
udktpdk;&aom "r®ygvrif;uomoemawmfudk jyKpkawmfrlyg[lí vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifh avQmuf
vSmaomaMumifh yd#uwfokH;ykHESifhwuG pG,fawmfjrwfylaZmf&m a½Toydwfç aiGoydwfç a½T[if;cGufç
aiG[if;cGufç a½Twaqmifç aiGwaqmifç a½Tyef; ç aiGyef; ç a½TxD; ç aiGxD; ç ywåjrm;aygufaygufrsm;pGm
aomvªbG,fvªcif;wdkUudk oabFmwGifwifítrwf&ZrEkudkydkU&avonf/ pG,fawmfjrwfudkvnf;qGrf;0wf
[if;0wf qDrD;0wf aeUwdkif;rjywfwifapjcif;iSg aiGw&mbdk;oD[dkVfrif;rSmajr0,fívª&onf/
ouú&mZf(917) udk;&mhwq,fhckESpfck waygif;vjynfhausmf 3-&uf 3-t*FgaeU £od,dkbk&m;
xD;awmfwifonfudk qifawmfrlaom ywåjrm;OaAmif;awmfudkzsufí a½Tcsdef 75-udk xD;a½Tpavmif;vkyf
awmfrlNyD;vQif e0&wf 9-yg;jc,fvS,fpDrHí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ppft*Fgav;yg;ESifhwuG <u
awmfrlonf/ obifBuD;pGmvnf;cHawmfrlonf/
ordefaxm&mrudk vkyfMuHawmfrluwnf;u igatmifjrifawmfrlvQif onft&yfNrdKUwnfrnf
trdefUawmf&dSonftwdkif; ouú&mZf(917) udk;&mhwq,fhckESpfck yXrNrdKUwnfawmfrlonf/ aZw0efa½T
ausmif;awmfausmif;&H 40-ESifhwuG aqmufawmfrlí r[moCF&mZmtm; vªawmfrlonf/ yd#uwfokH;ykH
udkvnf; ygVdt|uxm#Dumusrf;wdkUESifhwuG a&;ul;apíjrefrmq&mawmfç rGefq&mawmfç ,Gef;q&m
awmfwdkUtm; tyfawmfrlí oifMum;ydkUoawmfrl&onf/ /
 254 - yk*He,fü ewfylaZmfykHrSm;,Gif;csufudkuHjrpfykH

jrefrmEdkifiHjzpfaom yk*Hç ½Gmomç pavç ykcef;i,fç ioa&mufç wk½Gif;wdkifç ausmufyef;awmif;

onft&yfrsm;wGif aeaomolwdkUonf ykyÜg;ewfudk uRJ;EGm;0ufMuufowfí wESpfudkwBudrfyoNyD;vQif
uRJ;acgif;EGm;acgif;Muufacgif;0ufacgif;wdkUukd BudK;ESifhoDí tdrfa&SUewfwdkifwGifqGJ;xm;Muonf/
þodkUr[kwfr&maom rdpäm'd|dt,ludk ,lMuonfrsm;udkvnf; tyg,f 4-yg;ü &Snfvsm; jrifhjrJ;pGmcH&
rnfaMumif;jzpfEdkifonf[lí Edkifatmifjrpfwm;&onf/
NrdKUNyD;í eef;wufawmfrlaomtcg aqGawmfrsdK;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUtrnft&nft
aqmifta,mifpm;cGufpm;a,mufpm;aus;pm;vuf txdkuftavsmufay;awmfrlonf/
xdkouú&mZf(917)udk;&mhwq,fhckESpfckwGif nDawmfrkwårpm;rif;&J;pnfol tedpöa&mufawmfrl
onf/ rif;&J;pnfol om;awmforD;awmfum; - om;awmf rif;&J;eE´rdwfcHwyg;/ ESrawmf&cdkifbk&if
nDawmf oD&d"r®aomum rdbk&m;wyg; trawmfvGefvQif nDrawmfESifhoifhjyefonfwyg; ç om;awmf
wpf/ orD;awmf 2-aygif;okH;yg;/
 255 - nDawmfowdk;rif;apmESifh orD;awmfBuD;udk vufxyfawmfrlykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ousomuD0ifrif;wdkUonf trsdK;rjym;apjcif;iSm armifESrrsdK;

csif;&SufouJhodkU twkvoD&dr[m&mZa'0D&Sifrdbk&m;acgifwGif jrifaomorD;awmfESifh nDawmft0bk&if
owdk;rif;apmudk pkHbufawmfrlonf/
pkHbufaomtpD&ifum; - eef;awmfwGifa½Tjzifh cs,fvS,ftyfaom jymom'fokH;aqmifaqmufap
NyD;vQif jymom'fudktjzLcsnf;rdk;onf/ uGrf;pnfwdkifudk uwDåygajymuf&pfonf/ onf&Hudk Zmy,if&pf
onf/ jyifwdkifudk bJ;pdrf;&pfonf/ twGif;udktjzLrsufESmMuuf/ tv,fwGifrsufESmMuufzsifvSZm ½GJ;
okH;qifa½Tanmif½GufqGJ;onf/ onfatmufb@dKifa½Ta&;xnfhonf/ b@dKifwGif uwDåygarGU&mtvsm;
5-awmif 2-rdkufç teH 2awmifwqkyfç rif;orD;arGU&mxuf rif;om;arGU&mxyfícif;onf/ arGU&m
atmufwGif aiGwydómxkyfíxm;onf/ arGU&mxuftkH;ESpfxyfç wvkH;um;-tkH;wm; ç wvkH;um;-
tkH;Z&m; ç ovGefudkaea&mifumwifwdrfç uefUvefUumwif;wdrf um&onf/ jymom'f0ef;usifudkMuHiSuf
aysmpdkuf&onf/ tkef;oD;cdkifiSufaysmcdkifvnf;qGJ;onf/ jymom'fatmufü EGm;rdom;arG;wlxm;onf/
jymom'fxufxm;onfum; ta&SUpl;pl;üqefwifrdr,fjzLxm;onf/ ta&SYawmifaxmifhü qifcRef;av;
jr§m;"m;xm;onf/ awmifpl;pl;ü r[mydEéJ;½kyfausmufjyifausmufoGm;xm;onf/ taemufawmifaxmifh ü
qifpG,fESpfacsmif;xm;onf/ taemufpl;pl;ü orD;unma½TaiGydkufíaeonf/ taemufajrmufaxmifhü
pm;bG,faomuf&mjynfhpkHpGmaom xrif;yGJ;xm;onf/ ajrmufpl;pl;ü c½koif;a&jynfhxm;onf/ ta&SU
ajrmufaxmifhüa&csrf;tdk; 7-vkH;a&jynfhxm;onf/ tv,fü bk&m;½kyfxkESifh yd#uwfxm;onf/
 256 - r*Fvma&cyfaomtpDt&ifESifhvufxyfykHrsm;

,if;odkUpD&ifawmfrlNyD;rS a&awmfcyfrnftpDt&ifudk pD&ifawmfrlonfum; - ykPÖm;ckESpfa,muf

wdkUudkxrf;pifESifhvdkuf&onf/ onfaemuf 12-ESpf½G,f&dSaom rdpkHbpkHtrwforD;ckESpfa,mufwdkUudkpk
vnf;xkH;apía½TukH;ESifhvnfrSm b,ufvufaumuf vufMuyfqif,ifapNyD;vQif ywåjrm;tem;t&pfpD
onf/ a½TjrLwmydkufapíxrf;pifESifhtbwdkU&onftaqmifta,mifESifhwuGvkviforJ;rsm;jcH&Hvsuf
]]ur®modkuf}}rnfaom r*Fvma&uefokdUBuD;pOfi,fvdkufoGm;&onf/ eef;awmfu onfa&uefwdkifvrf;
ESpfajrmifudk&ZrwfumapNyD;vQif iSufaysmyifMuHyifpdkuf&onf/ tkef;cdkifuGrf;oD;cdkif,jrm;vnf; qGJ&
onf/ a&tdk; pifMumoGwftdk;xnhf&onf/ ,if;odkUrS a&SUzsm;pajrmif av;a,mufç onfaemufjrif;awmf
onfjrif;waxmifESifh onfaemufrª;rsdK;rwfrsdK;w&m ç onfaemufobifpkç onfaemufaoG;aomufpk
jrif;awmfonfykqdk;aumif;em;axmif;jzLESifh waxmif onfaemufola|;av;usdyfç onfaemuf&dSylaZmf
ykPÖm;wudsyfav; ç qkawmif;awmf pmudkifqkawmif;awmfpmbufç onfaemufvkvifw&m&Spfa,mufudk
jrLwmw&m&SpfvkH;udkxrf;ívdkuf&onf/
onfaemufrS rif;nDrif;om; rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUtaqmifta,mifusif;yvsuf jrif;ESifh
vdkuf&onf/ a&uefokdUa&mufvQifa&uefü ewfom;oP²ef oHvQufudkifí apmifhESifhaomolonf rwdkif
rMum; a&udkvmía&cyfvSmonf tb,frnfaomolenf;[líar;ESifhonfudk yka&m[dwfykPÖm;wdkUu
r[m"r®&mZf orD;awmfudkxdrf;jrm;rnf acgif;aq;r*Fvma&cyfvSmonf[lí qdkNyD;rS a½TaiGay;onf/
,if;odkUrS jrwfaomrif;\ orD;awmf r*Fvmacgif;aq;a&cyfapawmhcGifhjyKonf/
xdkodkUcGifhjyKNyD;vQif aygufaygufwefaqmifESifh ylaZmfí owdk;orD;ckESpfa,mufoufía&udkcyf
onf/ a&&vQif tpOftwdkif;jyef&onf/ a&mufvQif jyom'fOD;jAJ;í a'gif;jcHig;xyf&Hí wxyfü&Sif
rsufESifESif AmvdewfpmN*dK[fpmay;onf/ ,if;odkUrS ig;xyfü "m;xrf;vSHxrf;tapmifhta&Smufvnf;
xm;onf/ rsufESmMuufwGifa&usonf qDutif;uGufvnf;a&;onf/ &wemudk;yg;twdpDí a&Tyef;
qdkif;qGJ;onf/ odMum;½kyfc½koif;wGif; a½TjrLwmESifhoGif;í rsufESmMuufu a&us&onf/ atmufurif;
orD;ae&onf/ &wem 9-yg;pDaom a½TcGufwGif wa&mf&nfwnfí eef;awmfoifhonf owdk;orD;ESifh
oGef;&onf/ onfaemufrSykPÖm;oGef;&onf/ ,if;wGifpnfwbefwD;&onf/ rdef;rapmif;rdef;rji§if;
wD;&onf/ ya'om üqGwfíylaZmfonf/ vª'gef;onf/ apmifha&Smufonf? a&S;enf;csnf;/ ,if;odkUrS
eef;awmfuawmfpdk;rif; wdkUudkaqmifa,mif0wfpm;vsufudkifrí jymom'fwaqmifodkUul;&onf/ xdkwGif
vnf; ylaZmfuefawmh&onf/ trwforD;wdkUcyfonfha&udk ,if;wGifcsdK;rS t0wfpGwfudkvJ;í t0w
acsmuf0wf&onf/ eHoifhool0wfvJ;awmfquf&onf/ t0wfvJ;aomtcg pnfwwef wD;&onf/
xdküvnf; ylaZmfvª'gef;onf/ xdkjymom'fü &wemtwdNyD;aomjrwfaomt0wfudk eHoifhol quf&
onf/ xdküvnf; a&S;enf;vª'gef; ylaZmfrS r*Fvmr@yfodkUul;&onf/ ykPÖm;wdkU½Gwfref;í b@dKifodkU
wufawmfrlonf/ txufwGif rif;ESpfyg;wdkUae&onf/ ,if;odkUrS ya'omüqGwfí vª'gef;ylaZmf
jyefonf/
 257 - vufxyfykHtcrf;tem;rsm;

vufxyftpDt&ifum; raemvifyef;ü a&Txrif;um;OD;rsdK; 7-yg;ESifhcsufonf/ aiGxrif;um;

EGm;EdkUaxmywf ponfjzLrsdK; 7-yg;ESifhcsufonf/ xrif;ay:wGif a½TMuufO opfwysufç a½TrIHç aiGrIHESifh
wuG pm;yGJ;opfwGifxm;rS eHoifhool 7-vkyfaphcGHU&onf/ cGHUrnfaomcg a½Trdk;aiGrdk;ykqdk;rdk;½Gmonf[k
MuJ;ajr§mufívª'gef;ylaZmfvQifpnfwD;&onf/ atmufuvnf; ywåjrm;pD raemvifyef;cHonf/ txuf
uvnf; ywåjrm;pDzvm;ESifh trwforD;wdkUcyfonfha&udk oD&daZ,saemf&xmuawmfç wvkyfrdbk&m; ç
rkwårrdbk&m;wdkUpD&ifí oGef;onf/ ,if;odkUrS pkvsm;a½TBudK;ywfonf/ ywfNyD;vQif pnfwD;onf/
pnfowfvQif ykPÖm;onf jA[®mBuD;t[efjyKí igwdkUurÇmOD;u jA[®mjzpfonf/ rif;{u&mZf wdkUorD;
udk vufxyfvQif toufw&mywfvkH; vlwumwdkUpD;yGg;udkaqmifí Nidrf;csrf;ouJhodkU ,ckrif; ESpfyg;
vnf; oufawmfw&m&Snfí omoemawmfwGif vlwumwdkU\pD;yGg;udkaqmifí Nidrf;csrf;om,m
apaom[lí vufsm&pfc½koif;ESifh bdodufajr§muf&onf/,if;odkUvQifpnfwD;onf/xdkodkUbdodufajr§muf
aomc½koif;udk &wemyef;awmif;wGifxnfhí om;orD;ESifhjynfhpkHaom oD&daZ,saemf&xmuawmfrif;
ESpfyg;udkquf&onf/ ,if;aomtcg qifpnfç jrif;pnfç &J;rufpnf0ef;&H&onf/ obifpkH&ufvnf
atmifcH&onf/ ,if;odkUrS orD;awmfESifh nDawmfudk pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif trwfom;wusdyfç wdkufqif
ESpfq,fç jrif;ESpf&m vufzGJUawmfrlonf/ orD;awmfudkvnf; a½Ta0gç a½Tcsuf 4-pif;ywåjrm;okH;&pfpDç
uGrf;cGuf&Spfajr§mifh ywåjrm;pDç vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç a½TaxG;cHç trwforD;wudsyfausmfay;awmfrl
onf/ t0odkUa&mufvQifpaMumokH;xyfMurfjzwftrdk;tjzLae[lívnf;trdefUawmf&dSonf/
ouú&mZf(918) udk;&mwq,fh&SpfckwGif tkef;aygifudk 0efbufjyKaomapmfbGm;ay:aocJhvQif
nDpqdkifvkHonf tpfudkt&mapmfbGm;jyKonfudk apmfbGm; ckHrIdif;BuD;om; pnfhul;pm;onf ipnfhul;udk
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; vkyfMuHawmfrlí pnfhul;ysufvQif tkef;aygifodkUajy;av\/tkef;aygifapmfbGm;
vnf; ipnfhul;udkrdk;eJ;udkay;íapmfbGm;jyK&onf/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;onf tkef;aygifudk pqdkifvkHrif;jyKonf/
rif;jyKonfudk jyK&rnfavm[lí qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh tkef;aygifodkUcsDvSmíwdkufav\/ tkef;aygif
apmfbGm; pqdkifvkHvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESihfc,rf;½dkaopGmaom
pum;jzifh ppfulawmfrlyg[líem;awmfavQmufvSmonf/ aemufrdk;eJ;apmfbGm;wdkufaví tkef;aygifvnf;
ysufacsonf/ pqdkifvkHvnf; aoacs\/
 258 - &Srf;jynfwvTm;udk odrf;,l&efpDrHykH

xdktaMumif;rsm;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;Mum;awmfrlvQif om;awmfr[mOy&mZm tp&dSaom

rª;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlí ,ckonf wvdkif;okH;&yfESifhwuG auwkrwDjynfBuD; ç
oa&acwå&mjynfBuD; ç t0jynfBuD;tp&dSaom jrefrmEdkifiHawmf wvdkif;EdkifiHtvkH;udkodrf;,lawmfrlNyD;rS
&Srf;apmfbGm;udk;jynfaxmifESifh ,Grf;jynfç *kHjynfç vl;jynfç uonf;jynfç onfjynfrsm;udkvkyfMuHawmfrl
&rnf/ onfta&;rSm yodkUxifMuoenf;[k cifusif;pdkif;jyif;awmfrlonfudk Anm;'vavQmufonf/
,cktkef;aygifapmfbGm;u avQmufvSmonfta&;rSm nDawmfç om;awmfç rª;awmfç rwfawmfwdkUudkomcefU
íroifhacs/ &Srf;udk;jynfaxmifonf qifjrif;vnf;rsm;vSonf/ vufeufud&d,mppfonfAdkvfygvnf;
rsm;vSonf/ t0jynfBuD;ESifhvnf; teD;tpyfjzpfonf/ t0udkvnf;&Srf;wdkUu eef;wifbl;avonf/
,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk,fwdkif csDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrlonfjzpfrS
nDawmfç om;awmfç rª;awmfç rwfawmftaygif;wdkUonftoufudkpGefUvsufBudK;pm;tm;xkwfí trI
awmfudk½Gufaqmifxrf;Murnfjzpfonf/ waMumif;rSmvnf; tkef;aygifudkom vkyfMuH&rnfr[kwf/
tkef;aygifudktvdkawmfjynfhvQif wEG,fiifwpifygqdkouJhodkU rdk;rdwfç Aef;armfç rdk;aumif; ç rdk;ñSif; ç
uav;onf&Srf; jynfrsm;udkvnf; &efpjzwfawmfrlonfjzpfrS om;awmftpOfajr;awmftquf jrpfawmf
tñGefUwdkifatmif ysyf0yfusdK;EGHrnfjzpfonf[lívnf;em;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;'vavQmufaompum;udkAnm;avmMum;vQifuRefawmfAnm;'vavQmufaomta&;onf
oifhvSayonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSma&aMumif;nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmESifhom;awmfr[mOy&mZm
nDawmfbk&ifrif;acgif orufawmf owdk;rif;apmwdkUESifh uRefawmftrª;trwfwdkUrSmrlum; - ESpfaMumif;
okH;aMumif;cGJ;í ajrjyifESHUrQcsDrnf/,if;odkU pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí csD&vQif &Sr;fjynfapmfbGm;rQudkxm;bdOD;
w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;yifjzpfaomfvnf; cHEdkifrnfr[kwf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/ om;awmf r[mOy&mZm
tp&dSaom rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om toD;oD;trIawmfudkBudK;pm;tm;xkwf
rnftaMumif;udkavQmufMuonf/
 259 - &Srf;jynftkef;aygifodkUcsDwufykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;avQmufMuonfta&;udk BudKufawmfrlíqifvkH;jrif;&if;zszs
pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg csDaomwyfpOfum; vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç &mZwrefjrif;wyfç
wk&if&mZmjrif;wyfç eE´odrf;pnf;jrif;wyfç vufsma,mf"mjrif;wyfç onfaemufrS qifwyfrSm eE´ausmf
xifwwyfç Anm;&Hwwyfç eE´ol&d,wwyfç Anm;oHvdkufwwyfç b,umrPdwwyfç Anm;'vw
wyfç b,ausmfolwwyfç ordefaZmfu&wfwwyfç eE´oMuøwwyfç nDwmfawmifilbk&ifwwyfç
om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwwyf jrif;ig;wyfESifhwyfaygif; 16-wyfwGifygonf qifvkH;jrif;&if;um; -
wdkufqifokH;&mç jrif;ajcmufaxmifç ppfonfwodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh [Hom0wDu auwkrwDodkUcsD&onf/
auwkrwDuonf vdIif;wufudkwdkufí uif;wm;&iHaMumif;csDonf/
waMumif;rSm vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç wk&ifAvjrif;wyfç pwk&*foljrif;wyfç b,ausmfoljrif;
wyfç wk&ifod'd¨jrif;wyfç onfaemufrS qifwyfç b,ausmfxifwwyfç ordef&J;oif;&Hwwyfç rif;r[m
wwyfç Anm;usef;axmwwyfç oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyfçordefoHus,fwwyfç oa&pnfolwwyfç
ordeftJ;y&J;wwyfç pnfolausmfxifwwyfç Anm;avmwwyfç orufawmf t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmw
wyfç jrif;ig;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 16-wyfwGif ygonfqifvkH;jrif;&if;um; - wkdufqifokH;&mç jrif;
ajcmufaxmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh(twl) b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; t0odkUavSwyf
a&mufawmfrlrS t0uonf qifacgif;aMumif;tkef;aygifodkUcsD&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&aMumif;csDawmfrl&mrSm csD&aom wyfpOfum;-vuf0J;a,mf"mw
wyfç tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç &mZolwwyfç ordefZdwfyGefwwyfç &mZoMuøwwyfç ordefaigcGifwwyfç
oD[yawhwwyfç ordefvuGef;tdefwwyfç eE´ausmfolwwyfç ordeftJ;jAydkufwwyfç ocF,mwwyfç
ordefz½kwwyfç eE´a,mf"mwwyfç ordefjAydkufwwyfç vufsmeE´olwwyfç onfurS b0&Sifrif;w&m;
BuD;bk&m;bkH 11-qifh&dSaom jymom'fESifhwuG tvsm; 42-vH&dSaom [oFm½kyfa½TabmifawmfwGif &Sif
rdbk&m;acgifESifhwuG orD;awmf t0rdbk&m;wdkU twlpD;&onf/ a½Tabmifawmfudk avSmfum;&Spfpif;iif&
onf/ a½TavSmfum; 28-pif;udkrlum; - rif;aqmifç rif;a,mifç rif;crf;rif;em;wifí abmifawmfa&SU
wGifvdkuf&onf/ 0if;awmfav;rsufESmom;wdkUudkvnf; qif½kyfavSç pmr&D½kyfavSç uRJ;½kyfavSç rdausmif;
½kyfavSç iref;½kyfavSç ruef;½kyfavSç onfavSESifhwdkufavSBuD;rsm;wGif a½T'kdif; a½TvTm;a½Tuma½TvSHwdkUudk
pDpOfí cifusif;NyD;vQif tajrmufpdefajymif;wifí pnfarmif;ywfom c&m ESJ;a`rGjrpfvkH;yJhwifxyfrQ
wD;rIwf apí vuf0J;vufsma&SUaemuftpif;okH;&mvdkuf&onf/
aemufawmfucsD&aom wyfpOfum; - b,oMuøwwyfç ordefodku&wfwwyfç b,ausmfxif
wwyfç oD&d"r®maomuwwyfç vuf0J;eE´rdefwwyfç nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmudk aemuftkyf&
onf/ wyfrawmfESifhwuG a&wyf 22-wyfwGifygonf qif½kyfjrif;½kyftp&dSaom uwåKvGef;usif ul½Gyf
orÁmefxuf&yf &J;avSaygif;waxmifig;&mç avSmfum;oHavSokH;&mç &du©mwifukefavSwaxmifç ppfonf
ol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ygonf/ jrefrmtrwfç wvdkif;trwfç &Srf;trwfwdkU uawmfwdkUudkvnf; avSESifh
csnf;vdkuf&onf/ ywfpnfapmif;ji§if;uacsobifwdkUudkvnf; yGJ;pkHvdkuf&onf/
rkwår 32-NrdKUudkrlum; - rkwårpm; armfvNrdKifpm;wdkUudkqifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh tcdkiftvkHae&onf/
[Hom0wDaejynfawmfudkrlum; - taemf&xmouf&Snfausmfxifç Anm;pufç Anm;&HwdkUudk tapmifht
aecefUawmfrlonf/ taemufykodef 32NrdKUudkvnf; cJ;aygif;pm; ç a'yoG,fpm; ç vif;yawhpm;wdkUudk
qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/ þodkUqdkcJhNyD;aom wyftaygif;wGif pnfBuD;cGufcGif;
c½koif;paom aoewfoHç tajrmufoHwdkUjzifh jrpfvkH;yJhwifxyfrQ odMum;rif;\ toa&uJhodkUtvGef
wifhw,fpGm ouú&mZf(918) ukd;&mhwq,fh&Spfck ewfawmfvqef;&Spf&uf weif;vmaeU aejynfawmf
[Hom0wDu csDawmfrlonf/ pcef;cswdkif; obifcHawmfrlonf/
'*kHodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif '*kHqHawmf&Sifbk&m;udk &Sifrdbk&m;acgifpaomom;awmf orD;awmf
udk,fvkyfarmif;rESifhwuG wufawmfrlí txl;xl;aom vªbG,fvªcif;wdkUjzifh ylaZmfawmfrlí '*kHucsD
awmfrlí oa&acwå&modkUa&mufawmfrlvQif jroDwifa½TqHawmfudk a0gjymom'fpD;awmfrlí &Sifrdbk&m;
acgifESifhwuG om;awmforD;awmf udk,fvkyfarmif;rwdkUudkac:awmfrlí tzl;tjrifwufawmfrlonf/
oufawmfaphyOÆif;av;q,fhig;yg;cHawmfrlonf/ *lausmif;p&yfNydKysufavonfrsm;udkvnf; vkyfaqmif
jyifqifpdrfhrnf[lí aiGig;q,fNrdKUapmifhwdkUudkcefUawmfrlí vkyf&onf/
oa&acwå&m qefawmfrlíyk*HodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif a½Tpnf;ckHbk&m;odkU a0gjymom'fpD;awmfrlí
rdbk&m;acgifESifhwuG tzl;tjrifwufawmfrlonf/ oufawmfaphyOÆif;cHawmfrlonf/ obifvnf;cHawmf
rlonf/
 260 - rdk;ñSif;pm;a,mufzwdkU0ifpm;vSmykH

yk*HucsDí w½kyfNrdKUqdyfodkUa&mufvQif rdk;ñSif;pm;a,mufz 'DyJ;,if;pm;uonf ykcef;BuD;udkpm;

ool rdk;ñSif;pm;/ pnfykwå&muonf A'kHudkpm;ool þolESpfa,mufwdkUonf b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;odkU
vmí rdk;ñSif;pm;a,mufzBuD;0ef;odkpm;udk uRefawmfwdkUbrf;í vufaqmifawmfqufygrnf[k em;awmf
avQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; &atmifbrf;avtrdefUawmf&dSí qkvmbfay;NyD;vQif
qefawmfrlonf/ a&mufvQif t0awmifawmifbDvl;t&yfwGifobifeef;awmfaqmufí rdbk&m;acgiftp
&dSaom om;awmforD;awmf udk,fvkyfarmif;rESifhwuG aeawmfrlonf/ uawmfpdk;rif;taygif;wdkUudkvnf;
eef;awmf0ef;usif wJ;tdrfcsnf;aqmufíae&onf/
,if;aomtcg okH;q,fudkpm;aomolonf qifBuD;ESpfpD; orD;udkvufaqmifawmfqufí uRef
awmfcHvSmonf/ tkef;aygifapmfbGm;BuD; ajr;apmfbGm;ckHrdIif;rdkif;vkHpm;vnf; vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;
ESifh orD;udkvufaqmifqufí uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ om;udkvnf; ajc&if;awmfwGifjrJ;ygap[líquf
onf/ xdkNrdKUpm;ESpfOD;udk opömawmfay;NyD;vQif qkvmbfrsm;pGmay;í trIudkxrf;&onf/
t0wGifaepOf ppfudkif;ykn&Sifbk&m;udk xD;cs&moD;uonf ajrwdkifatmifa½Txnfhonf/
oufawmf aphyOÆif;vnf;cHonf/
,if;odkUrS r[mOy&mZm nDawmfbk&ifrif;acgifwdkU wq,fhajcmufwyfom; uif;wm;&iHaMumif;
csDavonfudk okH;q,fpm;a&SUzsm;csDaptrdefUawmf&dSícsD&onf/ orufawmft0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwdkU
16-wyfrSmvnf; vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç wk&ifAvjrif;wyf onfjrif;ESpfwyfESifhqifwyfrSm b,ausmf
xifç ordef;&J;oif;&Hwwyfç oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyfç Anm;usef;axmwwyf onfajcmufwyfudk
okH;q,f uonfrdk;n§if;udkwdkufí rdk;rdwfodkUrdkif;vkHpm;udka&SUwnfícsDavtrdefUawmf&dSícsD&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; pD;awmfqifESifh wdkufqifw&mhig;q,fç jrif;waxmifudk
b,eHolESifh a'0ur®mwdkUudk tBuD;cefUawmfrlí{&m0wDjrpf taemufbufaMumif; prÜm,fe*dk&fwdkifcsD&
onf/ ,if;odkUrS &wema½TabmifawmfpD;í rª;rwftaygif;jcH&Hvsufpnfarmif;ywfom c&mwefydk;
jrpfvHk;yJhwifxyfrQ wD;rIwfí odMum;rif;toa&uJhodkU tvGefwifhw,fprÜm,fpGm &wemyl&ucsDonf/
,if;aomtcg udk,fvkyfawmfokH;usdyfygonf/
&wemyl&uonf cdkawmifwGif csawmfrlonf/ cdkawmifuonf tkefwpnf;wGif csawmfrlonf/
tkefwpnf;uonf/ ipnfhudkif½GmwGifcsonf/ ipnfhudkifuonf opfqdrfhwGifcsonf/ ,if;uonf
ipnfhul;wGifcsonf/ ,if;uonf uyGwfwGifcsonf/ ,if;uonf oD[awmwGifcsonf/
 261 - rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;BudKíwdkufvSmykH

oD[awmbk&m;&Sifudkvnf; a½Twefaqmif;aiGwefaqmif; a½Tyef;aiGyef;ylaZmfawmfrlonf/ oD[

awmuonf rSefomacsmifwGifcsonf/ ,if;uonf prÜm,fe*d&fwbufrvnfwGifcsonf/ qifjrif;
ul;p&mabmifyef;vkyf&onf/ qifjrif;udkul;apí wbufodkUa&mufvQif avSwyfpOftwdkif;Munf;wyf
bGJUawmfrlí prÜm,fe*dk&fuonf rdk;rdwfodkUcsDonf/ rdk;rdwfodkUra&mufcif wpcef;avmufwGif rdk;rdwfapmf
bGm;uwdkufqifig;q,fç jrif;ESpfaxmifç Akdvfav;aomif;cefUESifh om;orufnDwdkUBudKvSmonf/ b0&Sif
rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u a&SUcsDapaomjrif;wyfESifhawGUíwdkufMuvQif jrif;awmfonfwdkUtm;rwefícGg&acs
onf/ &Srf;wdkUvnf; trSDxyfívdkufvSmonf/ ,if;odkUpOfwGif tJ;rGefw&mpG,fvref[laom qifESifh
cRef;bGifhumvTwfonf/ eE´a,mf"mem*g0&qifESifhcRef;bGifhumvTwfonf/ ordefjAydkufaZ,sEkbwfqif
ESifhcRef;bGifhívTwfonf/ ordefaigcGifw½kHokH;zef;qifESifhpD;ívTwfonf/ onfwyfrª;ajcmufa,mufpD
qifESifhpGef;pGef;wnfívTwfvQif wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUqifESifhcsnf; cRef;bGifhumwufonfESifh &Srf;wdkU
qiftm;rwefí 5-pD;ajcmufpD;vnf;av\/ ,if;odkUpOfwGif qifonfjrif;onftaygif;wdkUvdkufvQif
&Srf;wdkUppfonfrcHEdkifíysufav\/ qifvnf; 6-pD;&awmfrlonf/ jrif; 70-ausmfç vl800ausmf&awmf
rlonf/ aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/
rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;vnf; NrdKUucHí wdkufrnfpD&ifpOfwGif Anm;avmç Anm;usef;axm xdkajcmuf
wyfom;rdk;ñSif;uonf rdk;rdwfudka&mufvSmonfESifhNrdKUucHaomfvnf;rcHEdkifacs trSwf&dSítkef;aygifodkU
aygif;rnf[kNrdKUuxGufíajy;av\/ ,if;odkUapmfbGm;ajy;0ifvqif qifjrif;vlol&awmfrlonfrsm;\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; rdk;rdwfNrdKUwGift&yftaejyKawmfrl\/
nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmwwyfç Anm;avm wwyfç Anm;usef;axmwwyfç pnfolausmfxifw
wyfç vuGef;tdefwwyfç eE´a,mf"mwwyfç ordef&J;oif&Hwwyfç jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifhwyfaygif; udk;wyf
udkwdkufqifw&mhig;q,fç jrif;ESpf&mç Adkvf&Spfaomif;pD&ifawmfrlí rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;ajy;av&modkUvdkuf
av\/
om;awmf r[mOy&mZmç nDawmfbk&ifrifacgifç orufawmft0bk&ifowdk;amwdkUtkef;aygifodkU
csDav&mrSmtkef;aygifodkUra&mufcif ESpfpcef;avmufwGif aygif;rdawmfrlMuonf/ ,if;aomtcg r[m
Oy&mZmvnf; þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ ,ck&J;rwfawmftaygif;wdkuwpkwnf;csDíroifhacs/ okH;pkcGJ;í
0if&rSta&;awmfNyD;vG,frnfrdefUawmfrlonfudkbk&ifrif;acgifuonfta&;oifhvSonf/ okH;pkcGJ;ícsD&rS
vrf;aMumif;aMumif;qD;ydwfrdrnfrdefUawmfrlvQif r[mOy&mZmwdkUrS jrif;wyfokH;wyfaygif;&SpfwyfrSm
tv,faMumif;csDawmfrlonf/
 262 - tkef;aygifapmfbGm;BudKíwdkuf&mwGifatmifykH

bk&ifrif;acgif (wdkUjrif;wyf 2-wyfESifh wyfaygif; &SpfwyfrSm vufsmaMumif;csDawmfrlonf/

tif;0bk&if) / owdk;rif;apmwdkUjrif;ESpfwyfESifhwyfaygif; 9-wyfrSm vuf0J;aMumif;csDawmfrlonf/
bkef;aygifodkUra&mufcif okH;wdkifausmfcefUt&yfwGif tkef;aygifapmfbGm;u om;orufnDwdkUudk wdkufqif
w&mhig;q,fç jrif;okH;axmifç ppfonfol&J; 7-aomif;cefUESifhBudKvSm&onf/ r[mOy&mZma&SUzsm;csD
aomjrif;wyfokH;wyfESifhawGUMuvQif vuf0J;&J;wdkifç &mZwrefç wk&if&mZmwdkUjrif; (3000)okH;axmifESifh
tqnf;twm;r&dS ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvdkufí wdkufav\/ &Srf;wdkUvnf;jrif;3000ESifhcHonfrcHEdkifíqkwfav\/
aemufcsDvSmaom qifwyfESifhaygif;av\/ &mZwrefwdkUvnf; xyfívdkufonf/ qifwyfudkjrifvQif
tkef;aygifapmfbGm; om;orufwdkUvnf; qdkufqif 10cefUESifh vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wyfudk vdkufodyfíwkduf
vSmonf/ vuf0J;&J;wdkifwdkUvnf; jrif; 3000 ESifhcHírenf;MumwdkufMuonf/
,if;odkUpOfwGif r[mOy&mZmwdkUrSDvmvQif r[mOy&mZmrSm aZ,s'dom[laom qifudkpD;awmfrl
onf/ eE´oMuørsm &wemajymifausmf[laom qifudkpD;onf/ ordefaZmu&wfrsm i&ufEG,f[laom
qifudkpD;onf/ b,ausmfolrSm aZ,syvif[laomqifudkpD;onf/ Anm;'vrSm ewfoajymifausmf[l
aomqifudkpD;onf/ onf 5-wyfvkH;qifcRef;bGifhum vTwfvQif &Srf;wdkUqifi,fomjzpfírsufESmokef
av\/ Oy&mZmvdkufxyfíwdkufvQiftkef;aygifapmfbGm;om;pD;aomqifESifhwuGqifokH;pD;vnf;av\/
tkef;aygifapmfbGm;om;vnf; jrif;pD;ítjyif;cGgav\/ tkefaygifapmfbGm;nDpD;aomqifudk Anm;'v
ewfoajymifausmfESifhwdkufonf/ tkef;aygifapmfbGm;nDpD;aomqiftmaygifudk tpG,fESifhxdk;rdí,if;wGif
yifvnf;av\/ tkef;aygif;apmfbGm;nDrlum;-jrif;pD;íajy;avaomaMumifhvGwfav\/ ,if;odkUrS qif
onfjrif;onf ajconftaygif;wdkUxyfívkduf&onf/ bk&ifrif;acgifwdkUa&mufonfESifh xyfívdkufvQif
&Srf;wdkUppfysufav\/ t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwyfom;rlum; - vuf0J;aMumif;awmifcsDí tkef;aygifNrdKU
udk½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ tkef;aygifapmfbGm;rcHEdkifí ysyfvQif apmfbGm;udk,fESifhwuG wNrdKUvkH;udk
&awmfrl\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; rdk;rdwfwGif aeawmfrlcdkuf rdk;rdwfwyfaygif; rdk;vpm; ç rdk;0ef;pm; ç
pum;awmifpm;()wdkUonf qifBuD; ç jrif;BuD; ç om;orD;wdkUudk vufaqmifawmfqufí uRefawmfcHvSm
onf/ xdkolwdkUudk opömawmfay;NyD;vQif qkvmbfay;awmfrlí trIawmfudkxrf;&onf/
 263 - rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;ajy;onfudk&rdykH

rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;vnf; rdk;rdwftkef;aygifodkUaygif;rnf[lí qifvkH;jrif;&ifESifhomr,m;wdkUudk ,lí

ajy;avonf/ yef;nm[laomt&yfodkUa&mufvQiftkef;aygifysufaMumif;udkMum;í,if;wGifaeonftcdkuf
nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUawGUvQif wdkufav\/ rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;vnf; vufrxl0HhbJ;tnHhcHí
apmfbGm;udk&vQif qifjrif;AdkvfygtvkH;udkodrf;í rdk;rdwfodkUjyefvSmonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;
vnf;rdk;rdwfwGif taetxm; usatmifpD&ifcefU&ef awmfrlNyD;rS tkef;aygifapmfbGm;BuD;ajr;rdkif;vkHpm;uRef
awmfcHvSmonfudk wHqdyfESifhwuG rdk;rdwfNrdKUudkay;awmfrlí apmfbGm;jyK&onf/ txufupnfhul;udk
vkyfMuH awmfrlaomtcg &awmfrlonfhom;r,m;a,mu©rwdkUudkvnf; [Hom0wDrSm,líay;tyfawmf
rlonf/
ywåjrm;cGefç a½TcGefç aiGcGefç odk;cGefç uwdk;cGefç rdkif;vkHcGefç jrif;cGefwdkUudkvnf;ESpfpOfrjywfquf&
onf/
tkef;aygifNrdKUudkvnf; okH;q,fpm;udk apmfbGm;BuD;wdkU\ taqmifta,mifESifhwuG wHqdyf
vufsmESifhay;awmfrlí apmfbGm;jyK&onf/ om;awmfr[mOy&mZm nDawmfrif;bk&ifrif;acgiforufawmf
owdk;rif;apmwdkUudkvnf; tkef;aygifuonfrdk;rdwfodkUac:awmfrlí jyef&onf/
 264 - &Srf;wdkUt,lrSm;udkqkH;ruHjrpfawmfrlykH

tkefaygifrdk;rdwf tp&dSaom &Srf;jynfwwef;wGif rSm;aom rdpäm'd|dt,ljzifh apmfbGm;wdkUaovQif

apmfbGm;pD;onfqifç apmfbGm;wdkUpD;onfjrif; cspfaomuRefwdkUudkowfí wGif;ütwlxnfhvdkufonf/ þ
odkUraumif;t,ljzifh tpOfokH;aqmifMuaom tusifhudk jrpfawmfrlonf/ y&d,wdåomoemawmf rwnf
av[lí rdk;rdwfrSm wqlç tkef;aygifrSmwql apwDwnfawmfrlí 0wåK uH rdk;ajrvªawmfrlonf/ ausmif;
vnf; aZ0wefausmif;&H wq,fESifhwuG rdk;rdwfwGif w&yfaqmufawmfrlíygVdçt|uxmç#Duuseaom
t&d,m oCFmwdkUudkawmif;yefawmfrlí oDwif;okH;ae&onf/ apmfbGm;rSpí trª;trwfacgif;tBuD;wdkU
udkvnf; wvav;oDwif; yOöoDç t|'oDcHí w&m;em&onf/ yd#uwfokH;ykHudkvnf; tkef;aygifrSm
w0ufrdkrdwfrSmw0uf xm;awmfrlonf/ NrdKUol½Gmom; wdkUudkvnf;ppfuJ;awmfwdkUuaqmfbefíwvav;
oDwif; w&m;em&onf/ tokH;taqmifrSmvnf; wif;cGJ; ç p½Gwfç jynftp&dSonfwdkUudkvnf;aumif; ç
rl; ç yJ; ç usyfç wq,fç ydómtp&dSaom pOf;av;csdefcGifav;wdkUudkvnf;aumif;[Hom0wDa½Tjynfawmf
Esihfwcsufwnf;xm;awmfrlonf/
 265 - rdk;aumif;rdk;ñSif;odkUcsDwufykH

þodkUypöKyÜefpD;yGg; ç oHom&mpD;yGg;wdkUudk pD&ifawmfrlí taetxm;usNyD;vQif om;awmfç

nDawmfç rª;awmfç rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí rdk;aumif;rdk;ñSif;odkU csD&aomfvnf;oifhrnfavm/
rdk;eJ;anmifa½TodkUjyefícsD&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm[lípdkif;yif;cif;usif;awmfrlonf/ xdktcg om;awmf
r[mOy&mZmwdkUavQmufonfum; -rdk;eJ;anmifa½Tudk&dSESifhapOD;rdk;aumif;rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;wdkUonftxuf
jrefrmEdkifiHtvkH;udk EdSyfES,fouJhodkUarTaESmufzsufqD;bl;avonf/ t0a½Teef;udkvnf; ZvkHom;odk[ef
bGm;udkvnf; eef;wifbl;avonf/ jrefrmwdkUcefUjim;Muacsonf/ okdcsnfbGm;odkiHbGm;wdkUvufxuf
vnf; w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;udk 12-ESpfwdkifwdkifppfNydKifíxdk;bl;avonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifhrdk;aumif;
rdk;ñSif;udk&awmfrlvQif rdk;eJ;anmifa½Ttp&dSaom awmif&Srf;jynfwwef;onf vufawmfuvGwf&monf
oabmr&dS[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
om;awmf r[mOy&mZm avQmufaompum;udk Anm;'vMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyef
onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;om;awmfavQmufaomta&;onf tvGefoifhvSayonf/ ,ckvnf;rdk;avus
awmhrnfeD;NyD/ tvsifcsDawmfrlívkyfMuHawmfrlrSta&;vSrnf/ rdk;usvQif acsmifajrmif;jynfhvQrf;í qif
aMumif;jrif;aMumif;rom&dScsdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkUvQiftvkyftMuHrsm;&acsrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;'vavQmufaompum;udk Anm;avmMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/om;awmf
r[mOy&mZm Anm;'vwdkuavQmufaomta&;onf ppfa&;yifjzpfayonf/ odkU&mwGifrdk;aumif;rdk;ñSif;
onfqifaumif; jrif;aumif;vnf;rsm;onf/ ol&J;olcuf trIxrf;aumif;vnf;rsm;onf/ taMumif;rSm
rlum;- &Srf;wdkUvuf&nfudkvnf; uRefawmfwdkUod&NyD/ uRefawmfwdkUvuf&nfudkvnf; &Srf;wdkUodavNyD;
onf/ csDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrlvQif ppfrsufESmqdkifí cH0Hhrnfrxif/ NrdKUuomtcdkiftvkHjyKícHrnfxif
onf/ ,if;odkUNrdKUucHvQif tawmfNyD;cJrnf wcsufomjzpfawmhrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; om;awmfwdkU avQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí rdk;aumif;
rdk;ñSif;odkUcsDawmfrl&rnfudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlonf/ vuf0J;&Jwdkifjrif;wyfç &mZwrefjrif;wyfç onf
aemuf eE´ausmfxifwwyfç Anm;&Hwwyfç eE´ol&d,wwyfç b,umrPwwyfç om;awmfOy&mZmw
wyfç jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifhwyfaygif; ckESpfwyfudk vufsmaMumif;csD&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç ppfwk&if*Foljrif;wyfç b,&mZjrif;
wyf onfjrif;okH;wyfudk a&SUzsm;csD&onf/ onfaemuftJ;rGefw&mqifwwyfç &mZol&wwyfç
&mZoMuøwwyfç ordefaigcGifwwyfç oD[yawhwwyfç ordefvuGef;tdefwwyfç eE´ausmfolwwyfç
ordeftJ;jAydkufwwyfç ocF,mwwyfç ordefz½l;wwyfç eE´a,mf"mwwyf onfaemufrS b0&Sifrif;
w&m;BuD;bk&m;wyfawmfwGif wdkufqifav;q,fç jrif;av;&mç udk,f&Hawmf 0if;awmfom;av;aomif;
udka½T'dkif; ç a½TvTm; a½Tum a½TvSHESifhvdkuf&onf/ wyfawmfwGifb,eE´oludk wyfrª&mZa,mf"mudkppfuJ;
cefUawmfrlonf/ jrif;wyfokH;wyfESifh wyfaygif; wq,fhajcmufwyf aemuftkyfícsDawmfrlonf/
wk&ifod'd¨jrif;wwyfç wk&ifypönf;jrif;wwyfç qifwyfrSm ordefjAydkufwwyfç vufsmeE´ol
wwyfç b,oMuøwwyfç ordef,dku&ufwwyfç vuf0J;eE´rdwfwwyfç eE´ausmfxifwwyfç oD&d"r®
aomuwwyfç nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwwyfç jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif;q,fwyfudkb0&Sif
rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;aemufawmfucsD&onf/
 266 - rdk;aumif;rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;wdkUppfysufykH

þodkUcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS tkef;aygifapmfbGm; rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;wdkUudkvnf; om;r,m;ESifhwuG

[Hom0wDodkUydkU&avonf/ prÜg,fe*d&fwGifavSwyftaygif;udkvnf; prÜg,fe*d&fuonf tnmtif;½Gm
om*&odkU tvsifqefawmfrl&onf/ ,if;odkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí ouú&mZf(918)udk;&mhwq,fh&Spfck
waygif;vqef; 11-&ufaeU rdk;rdwfuonf rdk;aumif;rdk;n§if;odkUcsDawmfrlonf/ wDuspfodkUa&mufawmfrl
vQif avSudkwHwm;zGJUí qifjrif;uRJ;EGm;ppfonfAdkvfygwdkUudkavQmufapí wbufodkUa&mufvQif wyf
pOftwdkif;csD&onf/
rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;wdkUvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;qifvkH;jrif;&if;ppfonf
Adkvfygtrsm;ESifh ajrjyifjynfhrQcsDvSmNyD[líMum;vQif rdk;ñSif;NrdKUwGifrcH0Hhí rdk;n§if;ajrmuf ]]EG,fywfyk}}[l
aomawmwGif apmfbGm;ESpfOD;wGif&dSaom qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh wyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfícHESifhonff/ om;awmf
r[mOy&mZm nDawmfjynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmorwfawmfowdk;rif;apmwdkUvnf;rdk;aumif;rdk;n§if;ajrmuf
]]EG,fywfyk}}awmwGif wyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfí cHonf[lMum;awmfrlvQif taMumuft½GHUr&dS olxufigt
vsifcsDí t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmtvsifa&mufvQif ½Gyf½GufcRHcRH tqnf;txm;r&dSwdkufav\/ apmfbGm;
wdkUvnf; rcHEdkifíysufav\/ ,if;odkUrS r[mOy&mZmowdk;"r®&mZmwdkUa&mufvSmonf/ odkUa&mufvSm
vQif okHUyef;brf;aponf/ qifjrif;Adkvfygtrsm;&awmfrl\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;ajrmufc&D;
odkUwufawmfrlí awmifudkausmfícsDawmfrlonf/ rdkif;aemuftem;wGif wyfcsawmfrlí aeawmfrlonf/
nDawmfom;awmfwdkUwdkufí apmfbGm;ESpfOD;ysufaMumif;udkMum;awmfrlvQif &J;rufawmfwdkUudkqD;
íwdkufaponf/ qifvloltrsm;&awmfrlonf/ nDawmfom;awmf orufawmfwdkUvnf; &onfqifjrif;
vlolwdkUudkqufukef\/ ,if;aomtcg om;awmfr[mOy&mZmwdkUavQmufonfum;av;q,fhig;vkH;rdkif;
udktpdk;&aom rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; okH;q,fhig;vkH;rdkif;udktpdk;&aom rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;wdkUonf w½kyfOD;
wnfbGm;udk 12-ESpfwdkifwdkifppfNydKifíxdk;bl;onfMum;aomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkUa&mufvQif qifpD;csif;
jrif;pD;csif;OD;vnfpGefí wdkuf&rnfomrSwfonf/ ,if;odkUum; rwdkuf&/ pkH&*kH ap;jypfjrdKif*Edkif ykyfaygif
wdkUxlxyf&m a&SmifvTJ;ykef;vQdK;aeawmhonf[k em;awmfavQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; igodkUaomig;yg;ESifhjynfhpkHaom rif;{u&mZfcsDawmfrlonfudk
apmfbGm;wdkUrQonfrsufESm,SofícH0Hhrnfavm/ ,if;odkUrcH0Hhí ajy;ykef;avjim;aomfvnf; ig\&efoludk
ZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f b,fjynfaxmifrif;onfvufcH0Hhrnfenf;trdefUawmf&dSonf/ ,if;odkUrS om;awmf
r[mOy&mZm nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmorufawmft0bk&if owdk;rif;apmwdkUudk apmfbGm;wdkU
ajy;av&modkUokH;aMumif;cGJí vdkufavtrdefUawmf&dSaomaMumifh ajrjyifjynfhrQvdkuf&avonf/ b0&Sif
rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; aemufwyfrjyKí wjznf;jznf;csDawmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcgrdk;aumif;apmfbGm;udkrdrdtrwfwdkUþodkUem;awmfavQmufukefonf/,ck[Hom0wD
rif;w&m;csDawmfrlvSmonf qifjrif;Adkvfygvnf;rsm;vsonf/ vufeufud&d,mvnf; xlxyfvSonf/
rif;w&m;BuD;wGif nDawmfom;awmf orufawmfrSpírª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUonfvnf; toufpGefU
ítrIxrf;rnfolcsnf; jzpfonf/ qD;BudKícHaomfvnf; cHEdkifcsdrfhrnfr[kwf/ rEdkifí ajy;ykef;a&SmifvTJ;
aomfvnf;vGwfEdkifrnfr[kwf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ]]udk,frcsdonf trdom;udkrxm;Edkif}}qdkbdouJh
odkU rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;udk om;r,m;ESifhwuGbrf;ívufaqmifawmf quf&rS pnf;pdrfrysuf toufrao
&dSrnfxifonf[líem;awmfavQmufMuonf/ rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;vnf; trwfwdkUavQmufaompum;udk
Mum;vqif onfta&;oifhvSayonf[líqdkNyD;vQif rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;rSpí om;r,m; qifjrif;AdkvfygwdkU
trSwfrJhaeonftcdkufbrf;í qufvSm\/ ,if;aomtcg trwfwdkUavQmufonfum; - b0&Sifrif;
w&m;BuD;bk&m; csDawmfrlvSmí rdk;rdwfudkvkyfMuHuwnf;uyif opömawmfchí trIawmfudkxrf;&rSoifh
rnf/ uRefawmfwdkU qdkygonfudk rdk;n§if;apmfbGm; olUuRefcHwGuf&dSoavm/ olcsDvSmvQifvnf; qD;BudKí
wdkufrnfqdkaomaMumifhuRefawmfysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufacsonf/,ckopömawmfcHítrIawmfudkxrf;ygrnf
[kem;awmfavQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; &mZ*kPfESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaomrif;jzpfí rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;udk
rnfodkUrQ trsufawmfr&dSrdk;aumif;odkUcsDapawmfrlía&mufvQifnDwmfom;aomforufawmfwdkUudkac:awmf
rlí rdk;aumif;odkUcsnf;pk&onf/ ta&mufnDvQif rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;udk,fupí trª;trwftaygif;wdkU
udk opömawmfay;NyD;vQif rdk;aumifapmfbGm;udkyif wHqdyfvufsmESifhwuG rdk;aumif;NrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/
apmfbGm;om;ESpfa,mufç orD;wa,mufç ajr;a,mufsm;wa,mufç ajr;rdef;ra,mufudkrlum; ,lawmfrl
íajcawmf&if;wGifjrJ;&onf/ a½TcGefç aiGcGefç y,if;cGefç odk;cGefç uwdk;cGefç zJ;cGefç atmif;cGefç jrif;cGefwdkU
udkvnf; ESpfpOfquf&onf/
rdk;n§if;NrdKUudkrlum; - apmfbGm;a,mufztxufu uRefawmfcHvSmool'DyJ;,if;pm;udkZvkHtrnf
ESifhapmfbGm;jyK&onf/ apmfbGm;BuD;wdkU\ taqmifta,mifudkvnf; tukefay;awmfrlonf/ om;ESifh
orD;udkrlum; ajc&if;awmfwGifjrJ;&onf/ a½TcGefç aiGcGefç odk;cGefç uwdk;cGefç wif&ef;cGefç bJ;cGefç jrif;cGef
wdkUudkvnf;ESpfpOfppfuJ;awmfwdkUuaqmfí quf&onf/ rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;udkrlum; - opömawmfay;NyD;
vQif 0efpifcHrdefudkay;ípm;&onf/ rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;om;udkvnf; ]]rdk;vkH}}[laomtrnfESifh 'DyJ;,if;NrdKU
udkay;ípm;&onf/ om;wa,muforD;wa,mufudkvnf; ajcawmf&if;wGifjrJ;&onf/
 267 - &Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;ü omoemjyKykH

rdk;aumif;rdkn§if;paom &Srf;jynfwvTm;onf rdpäm'd|dt,ludk,lukefonfrsm;udkvnf; or®m'd|d

jzpfapí *Eå"l& 0dyóem"l& yk*d¾KvfwdkUudkvnf; awmif;yefí oDwif;okH;ae&onf/ ygVd t|uxmp
aom usrf;*efwdkUudka&;ul;apí rdk;aumif;rSm wykH rdk;n§if;rSmwykH xm;awmfrlonf/ awmif;wif;tav;
csdefcGifwdkUudkvnf; [Hom0wDaejynfawmfESifh wcsufwnf; xm;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkU&Srf;jynftvkH;udk
pD&ifawmfrlí ouú&mZf(919) udk;&mhwq,fhudk;ck uqkefvqef;ESpf&ufaeU rdk;aumif;ucsDawmfrlí
uqkefvjynfhausmfw&ufaeU wD;MunfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif &wema½TabmifawmfpD;awmfrlí jyefawmfrl
onf/ uqkefvjynfausmfwq,fhav;&ufaeU t0odkUa&mufawmfrlonf/ t0awmifawmifbD;vl;eef;
awmfwGif ckESpf&ufcefUaeawmfrlí tkef;aygifç rdk;rdwfç rdk;aumif; ç rdk;n§if;wGif yGJ;vrf;&oolwdkUudk
trnft&nf taqmifta,mif pm;aus;pm;vufay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS 0gqdkvqef; 6-&ufaeU
tmu[Hom0wDodkU a&tm; Munf;tm;jyefawmfrlonf/ 0gacgifvqef; 13-&ufaeU [Hom0wDaejynf
awmfodkUa&mufawmfrlonf/
 268 - rdk;eJ;odkUcsD&efwdkifyifcefU&efykH

rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;onf b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;ESihf auwkrwDuyif a½TwHwpfç aiGwHwpfç oHwH

wpfxm;í jrJjrHpGm opömawmfxm;awmfrlMuonf/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm; uwdudkzsufí EdkifiHawmfjzpfaom
oDaygudkwdkufav\/ oDaygysufvQif apmfbGm;udk&íowfavonf/ om;r,m;upí qifaumif; jrif;
aumif;wdkUudkvnf;,lavonf/ okH;q,fwdkifatmif xdyg;zsufqD;vSmonf/ xdktaMumif;rsm;udk oruf
awmf t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmuavQmufvSmí Mum;awmfrlvQif om;awmfr[mOy&mZmtp&dSaomrª;awmf
rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlíþodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ,ckrdk;eJ;apmfbGm;onf txufu igESifh
qdkaom uwdopömudkzsufí auo&mZjcaohFrif;a&SUudk ,kef'&,foef;í oGm;ouJhodkUighEdkifiHjzpfaom
oDaygokH;q,fudkxdyg;zsufqD;avonf/ nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUudkom csDívkyfMuHap
aomfvnfoifhrnfavm/ igudk,fawmfcsDívkyfMuH&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm[lí EdIif;&Snfawmfrlonfudk
Anm;avmavQmufonf/ ,ckrdk;eJ;anmifa½TNrdKUrsm;udk udk,fawmfcsDívkyfMuH&rnfr[kwf/ uRefawmfwdkU
trª;trwfESifhnDawmfom;awmfwdkUudkcefUawmfrlaomfvnf; ta&;awmfNyD;rnfyifjzpfonf[lí em;awmf
avQmufonf/
Anm;avmavQmufaom; pum;udk b,ausmfolMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/
rdk;eJ; ç anmifa½Tç a,mufapmufç aemifrGefonf qifvkH;jrif;&if;vnf;rsm;onf/ vufeufud&d,m ol&J;
olcufvnf; xlxyfvSonf/ Zif;r,fjynfBuD; ç usdKif;wkHjynfBuD; ç odef;eDjynfBuD;ESifhvnf;eD;avonf/
trDSo[J;r&dSbJ; EdkifiHawmfaus;pGef½Gmem;udk xdyg;zsufqD;0hHrnfr[kwf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh nDawmf
om;awmfwdkUudkomcefUawmfrlíroifhacs/ qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;pD&ifawmfrlí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;
ukd,fawmfcsDawmfrlonfjzpfrS ta&;awmfNyD;vG,frnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
om;awmfr[mOy&mZmvnf;uRefawmfb,ausmfolavQmufaomta&;onf oifhvSayonf[lí
em;awmfavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; b,ausmfolavQmufaomta&;udk BudKufawmf
rlí qifjrif;AdkvfygwdkUudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlonf/ csD&aom wyfpOfum; vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç &mZw
refjrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm eE´ausmfxif wwyfç Anm;y&Hwwyfç eE´ol&d,wwyfç Anm;oHvdkufwwyfç
b,umrPwwyfç Anm;'vwwyfç b,ausmfolwwyfç om;awmfr[mOy&mZmwwyfç jrif;ESpfwyf
ESifh wyfaygif;q,fwyfwGif wdkufqifokH;&mç jrif;okH;axmifç ppfonfol&J;&Spfaomif;ESifh vufsmaMumif;
csD&onf/
wk&if&mZmjrif;wyfç eE´odrf;pnf;jrif;wyfç qifwyfrSmb,ausmfxifwwyfç ordef;&J;oif&Hw
wyfç rif;&J;ausmfxifwwyfç Anm;usef;axmwwyfç oa&pnfolwwyfç ordefoHus,fwwyfç
eE´oMuøwwyfç nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwwyfç jrif;ESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif;q,fwyfwGifygonf
wdkufqif okH;&mç jrif;okH;axmifç ppfonfol&J; &Spfaomif;ESifhvuf0J;aMumif;csD&onf/
wk&ifAvjrif;wyfç b,&mZoljrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm &mZoMuøwwyfç ordef,dku&wfwwyfç
eE´ausmfolwwyfç vuf0J;eE´rdefwwyfç tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç ordefZdwfyGefwwyfç rif;r[mwwyfç
nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmwwyfç jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif;q,fwyfwGifygonf wkdufqif
okH;&mç jrif;okH;axmifç ppfonfol&J;&Spfaomif;ESifhtv,faMumif;csD&onf/
wk&ifAvjrif;wyfç vufsma,mf"mjrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm aersdK;ausmfxifwwyfç oD&daZ,sausmf
xifwwyfç rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;wwyfç rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;wwyfç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;wwyfç orufawmf
t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apm wwyfç jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif;&SpfwyfwGifygonf wdkufqifokH;&mç
jrif;okH;axmifç ppfonfol&J;&Spfaomif;ESifh qifacgif;aMumif;csDap[lí okH;q,fuonf oDaygudkcsD&
onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç vuf0J;b,jrif;wyfç ppfwk&*Foljrif;
wyfç wk&ifo'd¨jrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm eE´ausmfxifwwyfç ordefvuGef;wwyfç oD[yawhwwyfç ordef
tJ;jAydkufwwyfç b,oMuøwwyfç oD&"r®&wfwwyfç vufsmeE´olwwyf ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;
BuD;bk&m;wyfrawmfwGif wdkufqifESpf&mudkapmfbGm;apmfuefwdkUrª;rsdK;rwfrsdK;qifpD;vdrfrmolwdkUudk pD;ap
ívuf0J;vufsma&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ udk,f&Hawmfjrif;ESpfaxmifwdkUudkvnf; a½TBudK;a½TuESifh a½TukH;a½T
xdyfqifí vuf0J;vufsm a&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ 0if;awmfav;rsufESmom;wdkUvnf; a½Txdyfa½TvTm;
a½Tum a½TvSHESifhcsnf;vdkuf&onf/ jrif;wyfav;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 12-wyfwGifygonf wdkufqifig;&mç
jrif;ajcmufaxmifç ppfonfol&J;waomif;ygonf/ wyfrawmfwGif ouf&Snfausmfxifwyfrª;&mZa,mf"m
udkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
 269 - rdk;eJ;odkUqifjzLrsm;&SifcsDawmfrlykH

[Hom0wDaejynfudkrlum; - rif;ocF,mESifh Anm;z½l;wkdUudk qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifhtapmifhtae

cefUawmfrlonf/ ykodefajrmif;jrtp&dSaom wvdkif;jynftaemufwvTm;udk oD&daZ,saemf&xmESifh Anm;
avmudktvkH;t&if;ESifh tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/ rkwår armfvNrdKiftp&dSaom wvdkif;jynfta&SU
wvTm;udkvnf; Anm;OD;ESifh pwkumrPdudktvkH;t&if;ESifhtapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/ þodkUqdkcJhNyD;
aom qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh ouú&mZf(919) udk;&mhwq,fhudk;ck wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 9-&uf4-[l;aeU
[Hom0wDaejynfawmfucsDawmfrlí av;uRef;xdyfeif;[laom wyfawmfwGifcsaeawmfrlonf/auwkrwD
wdkif½kH 11 - pcef;csDawmfrlonf/
auwkrwDuonf om;awmfr[mOy&mZm nDawmfjynfrif; awmifilrif; t0rif;wdkUudktuGJ;uGJ;
ajrjyifjynfhrQ csD&avonf/
rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;vnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; csDawmfrlvSmonf[líMum;vQif rdk;jAJ;pm; pum;
pm;udk qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh a,mufapmufwGif tcdkiftvkHcefUíae&onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;bk&m;rl
um; ta&SUaMumif;csDawmfrlí empkHawmfwGif wyfrcsíaeawmfrlonf/
nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;rif;"r®&mZmvnf; a,mufapmufodkU tvsifcsDí wdkufrnfpD&ifpOfwGif
rdk;jAJ;pm; pum;pm;a,mufapmufpm; aemifrGefpm;wdkUonf NrdKUwGif;ucHaomfvnf; rcHEdkifí qifjrif;udk
ypfí rdk;eJ;odkUajy;av\/ ypfcJhaom qifjrif;vlolwdkUudk rsm;pGm&awmfrl\/ ,if;odkUrS ppfav;aMumif;
vkH; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;&dS&m aygif;awmfrlMuavukef\/
 270 - rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;qD;BudKíwdkufykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmf om;awmf orufawmfwdkUta&mufnDvQif empkHawmif

udkwufawmfrlí ppfig;aMumif;jzefUícsDawmfrlonf/
rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;vnf; qifjrif;Adkvfygtrsm;ESifh qD;BudKvSm\/ jynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmwdkU a&SU
zsm;jrif;wyfESifh awmifMum;wGifawGUíwdkufMuaomf jrif;awmfonfwdkUtm;rwefí qkwfcJh\/ vGifv[m
odkUa&mufvQif jynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmwdkUqifwyfESifh &SpfwpfvkH;cRef;bGifhumvTwfvQif rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;wdkU
ucsDvSmaom&Srf;[lorQysufíajy;av\/ qifjrif;vlolum;&onfrsm;\/ ,if;odkUrSrdk;eJ;NrdKUwdkifcsDawmf
rlí atmifwdkufr*Fvm[laom wyfawmfwGifcsawmfrlonf/
 271 - rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;wdkUuRefcHvSmykH

rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;vnf; qifjzL;rsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;csDawmfrlvSmonf qifjrif;t

vkH;t&if; ppfonfAdkvfygrsm;vSonf[lí Mum;vQif rdk;eJ;NrdKUwGifrcH0hHíxGufajy;av\/ ppfonfawmf
wdkUvnf; xyfívdkufonf/ qifjrif;vloltrsm;&awmfrl\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmf
om;awmf taygif;wkdUudk tuGJ;uGJ;&Sm&onf/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;vnf; ajy;aomfvnf; rvGwfEdkif&mtrSwf&dSí
om;rdkif;udkif;pm;udk vufeufrdkif;vkH; ç Zmy,if; ç a½TysifZm ç odk; ç uwdk; ç atmif;wif&ef vufaqmif
awmftrsm;ESifh uRefawmfrwwfrvdr®mí jypfrSm;rdonf/ toufudkcGifhjyKawmfrlyg[lí em;awmfavQmuf
onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; &mZ*kPfESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaom rif;{u&mZfjzpfawmfrlí rdkif;udkif;
pm;udk ay;bG,furf;bG,fay;awmfrlonf/ rdkif;udkif;pm;jyefítaMumif;rsdK;udkMum;vQifrdk;eJ;apmfbGm;vnf;
qifaygufwq,f ç a½Tig;ydóm ç aiGig;q,f vufaqmifawmf,lcJhíajc&if;awmfodkUa&mufvSmonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;udka&SUawmfodkUac:awmfrlíþodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ rdk;eJ;
apmfbGm;i,fvnf;ighEdkifiHawmfjzpfaom oDaygokH;q,fwdkUudk xdyg;zsufqD;avaomaMumifh ra&wGufEdkif
aomqifvkH;jrif;&if;ppfonfAdkvfygESifh igudk,fwdkifawmfcsDvSmonfudk xdyg;zsufqD;onfESifhtnD cHír
wdkuf/ a½Smif;vTJ;ajy;ykef;íaeonf/ ,if;odkUajy;jim;aomfvnf; igh&efoludk ZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f b,fjynf
axmifrif;onf vufcH0Hhrnfenf;/ ,ckrdk;eJ;apmfbGm;i,fonftwuftvdr®mynm tajrmftjrifr&dSírSm;
jim;avaomfvnf; igbk&m;qkudkawmif;awmfrlaomrif; {u&mZfjzpfawmfrlonf/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm; pnf;pdrf
toufudk zsufqD;awmfrrlNyD/ igvTwfawmf rlawmhonf[lí nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUa&SU
wGif trdefU&dSonf/
,if;odkUrS rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;udk,fupí om;orwf ç trª;trwfwdkUudk om;awmftpOf ajr;awmft
quf jrpfawmftnGefU rabmufrjyefraoGrzD0HhNyD[lí opömawmfay;NyD;vQif rdk;eJ;NrdKUudkyif ay;awmfrlí
apmfbGm;jyK&onf/ anmifa½TapmfbGm; ç a,mufapmufapmfbGm; ç rdk;jAJ;pm; ç pum;pm; ç aemifrGefpm;wdkU
onf qifBuD;jrif;BuD; ç om;orD;wdkUudkqufí toufudkcGifhawmif;vSmonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
bk&m;vnf; xdkoludk opömawmfay;í pm;jrJ;aom aus;pnf;pdrfwdkUudkay;awmfrljyefonf/ xdk&Srf;jynf
wwef;wGif rSm;aomrdpäm'd|dt,lrsm;udkvnf; or®m'd|djzpfatmif qkH;rawmfrlí ausmif;bk&m;wnfxm;
onf/ usrf;*efuseawmfrlaom t&d,myk*d¾KvfwdkUudkvnf; awmif;yefawmfrlí yd#uwfpmayESifhwuG
oDwif;okH;ae&onf/ 0wåKuHrdk;ajrudkvnf; vªawmfrlonf/
 272 - jynfxJ;a&;ajr§mfwif;MuHpnfykH

,if;odkU rdk;eJ;anmifa½Ttp&dSaom &Srf;jynftvkH;udk pD&ifcefUxm;awmfrlNyD;rS om;awmf r[m

Oy&mZmtp&dSaom nDawmf om;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí þodkUtrdefUawmf&dS
onf/ uarÇmZHwdkif;jzpfaom rdk;eJ;anmifa½Tudktvdkawmfjynfhí vufeufEdkifiHawmfcsnf;jzpfNyD/ tb,f
odkU pD&ifaomf oifhrnfenf;[lí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonfukd om;awmfr[mOy&mZmavQmufonf/
,ckonf oHvGifjrpftaemufbGufwGif&dSaom &Srf;jynfBuD;rsm;udk tvdkawmfjynfhívufeufEdkifiH
awmfcsnf;jzpfNyD/ oef;eDwNrdKUum; - ta&;ta&maomfvnf; ravQmufvSm/ w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;udk trDSjyK
ítcdkiftvkHaeavonfudk vkyfMuHawmfrlrS &Srf; 9-jynfaxmifvkH; wcsufwnf; vufeufEdkifiHawmf
csnf;jzpfrnf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
r[mOy&mZm avQmufaompum;udk Anm;y&HMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/bk&m;om;
awmfavQmufaomta&;onf ppfa&;yifjzpfawmfhonf/ odkU&mwGif rdk;eJ;anmifa½Tpaom &Srf;jynfBuD;rsm;
udktvdkawmfjynfhavNyD;onf/ odef;eDNrdKUrQonfa&SuodkU vufawmfuvGwf&maomoabmr&dS/ ,if;odkU
jzpfaomaMumifh odef;eDNrdKUudk &dSESifhapOD;/ [&drkOöwdkif;jzpfaom ok0PÖbkrd®Zif;r,fjynfBuD;onfrª;aumif;
rwfauif; jrif;aumif; vufeufud&d,mvnf; xlxyfvSonf/ NrdKU&H 57-NrdKUvnf; tvkH;t&if;ESifhcsnf;
tcdkiftNzD;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkU wvdkif;jynfESifhvnf; aus;pyfjzpfonf/ a&S;umvüvnf; wBudrf
wcgrQ rysufrpD;bl;ao;jzpfonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,Gef;jynfjzpfaom Zif;r,fodkUtvsifcsDawmf
rlíodrf;,lawmfrloifhonf/ Zif;r,fudk&awmfrlvQif Zif;r,fwGift&yftaejyKawmfrlí nDawmf
om;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkUudk r[me*&wdkif;jzpfaom usdKif;½kH; ç acrm0&wdkif;jzpfaom
usdKif;xkHpaom ,Gef;jynf *kHjynfodkU tuGJ;uGJ;csDapí uRefawmfwdkUvkyfMuH&onf&dSaomf vufeufEdkifiH
awmfcsnf;jzpfrnf/ waMumif;rSmvnf; uRefawmfwdkUcsD&vQif qifpD;csif; jrif;pD;csif;,SOfíwdkuf0Hhrnf
rxif/ ,if;odkUuRefawmfavQmufaMumif;vnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; csDawmfrlav&m&m &efolt
aygif;wdkUonf aoaMuysufpD;í&dSaMumif;udk ZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f wdkif;BuD;jynfBuD;taygif; xD;aqmif;rif;
wumwdkU xif&Sm;odavNyd;onf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;y&HavQmufaompum;udk Anm;'vMum;vQif uRefawmfAnm;y&HavQmufaomta&;onf
oifhvSayonf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/ nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmpaom rª;awmf rwfawmf
taygif;wdkUonf Anm;y&HavQmufaomta&;udk BudKufMuonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;BudKuf
awmfrlí Zif;r,fodkUcsDawmfrlrnf/ zszspD&ifawmfrlonf/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;rlum; udk,frusef;rtDí&dSaom
aMumifhaemufawmfrvdkufEdkif/ anmifa½TapmfbGm;vnf; aemufawmfvdkufrnf[líwyfaygif;umwmaygif;
wdkUudk pk½kH;rnf[líanmifa½TodkUjyefavonf/
rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;om; rdkif;udkifpm; ç usdKif;awmif;pm; om;ti,fparmfcefa,mufz odkcHESifh vJ;jcm;
pm; ç rdk;jAJ;pm; ç aemifrGefpm;wdkUrlum; aemufawmfwGif tvkH;t&if;ESifhvdkuf&onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;
BuD;bk&m;vnf; om;awmfr[mOy&mZmwdkUrSm jrif;wyfESpfwyfESifhwyfaygif;q,fwyfudk a&SUzsm;csDap
onf/
onfaemuf orufawmft0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwdkUjrif;wyfESpfwyfESifhwyfaygif;&SpfwyfcsD&onf/
nDawmfjynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmwdkUjrif;ESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif;q,fwyfcsD&onf/
onfaemufrS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; jrif;wyfav;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 12-wyfcsDawmfrl
onf/ aemufnDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgiifwdkUjrif;wyfESpfwyfESifh wyfaygif; q,fwyfcsD&onf/
 rdk;eJ;uonf oHvGif"m;0ifqdyfwdkifESpfq,fhav;pcef;csDawmfrlí aZ,sompnf[laom wyfawmf
wGifcsawmfrlonf/ "m;0ifqdyfwGif abmifyef;bGJUapí qifjrif;vlolwdkUudkul;&onf/ oHvGifwbufodkU
a&mufawmfrlvQif om;awmfr[mOy&mZmwdkUqifwyfudk vufsmaMumif;csD&onf/ nDawmfjynfbk&ifwdkU
q,fwyfudktv,faMumif;csD&onf/ orufawmf t0bk&ifwdk;rif;apmwdkU&Spfwyfudkvnf; vuf0J;
aMumif;csD&onf/ ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; 12-wyfESifhcsDawmfrlonf/ aemufawmfu
awmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwdkUq,fwyfcsD&onf/
 273 - Zif;r,fodkUcsDí&HawmfrlykH

þodkUqdkcJhNyD;aom ra&rwGufEdkifaom qifvkH;jrif;&if; ppfonfAdkvfygESifh ajrjyifjynfhrQcsDawmf

rlonf/ xdktaMumif;udk Zif;r,fbk&ifjAoHMum;vQif qD;BudKíwdkufrnf[k qifjrif;AdkvfygpD&ifpOfwGif
Anm;ioOfvkH;[laom trwfZif;r,fbk&ifudk þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ ,ck [Hom0wDrif;w&m;
wGifygaom &J;rufAdkvfygwdkUudk axmufaomf tjynfjynfaxmifaom xD;aqmif;rif;wdkUESifhwuGjzpfí
qifvkH;jrif;&if;ppfonfAdkvfyg tvGefrsm;vSonf/ olUuRef wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUonfvnf; touf
udkpGefUí trIawmfudkxrf;rnfolcsnf;jzpfonf/ qD;BudKí wdkufaomfvnf; atmifEdkifcsdrfhrnfr[kwf/
,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh NrdKUjyusHK;ajrmif;uwkyf&ifwm;jyifqifí NrdKUudkomcHawmfrloifhonf/ ,if;odkUNrdKU
ucHíta&;rvSacsvQif tnHhcHrSom cyfodrf;aom jynfolESifhwuGcsrf;omrnfxifonf[líavQmuf
onf/ Zif;r,fbk&ifvnf; Anm;ioOfavQmufaom pum;udkMum;vQif ighNrdKUudkpGefESifhMuufrlí okwfEdkif
rnfavm[líqdkNyD;vQif qD;BudKíwdkufpdrfhrnfpD&ifaom wyfudk½kyfí NrdKUjycdkifvkHatmifpD&ifNyD;vQif pdef
ajymif; jrwyl NrdKUxdyf0ef;usifpDpOfítoifhxm;av\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ [&drkOöwdkif;Zif;r,fjynfudktpdk;&aom
rif;onf igodkUaomtm;ig;yg;ESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaom {u&mZfcsDawmfrlonfudk ta&;t&mawmfvnf;r
avQmufvSm/ NrdKUcdkifonfESifh trª;trwf qifvkH;jrif;&if;rsm;onfudk,kHíaeonf/ Zif;r,fjynfudkrQrqdk
ESifhOD; w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;yifcHaomfvnf;igvkyfMuHawmfrlonfudkcHEdkifrnfavm[lírdefUawmfrlonf/"m;0if
qdyfuonf Zif;r,fNrdKUudk 21-pcef;csDawmfrlí Zif;r,fajrmuf&wematmifwif[laom wyfawmfwGifcs
awmfrlí t&yftaejyKawmfrlonf/om;awmfOy&mZmnDawmfjynfrif;awmifilrif;t0rif;apmfbGm;apmfuef
trª;trwftaygif;wdkUonf raMumufr½GHUewfppfonfuJhodkU Zif;r,fNrdKUudk 0ef;&Hí EGm;udkjcHavSmifouJh
odkUwyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfí &Hav\/
Zif;r,fwGif&dSaom trª;trwf jynfoltaygif;vnf; tom;pm;vwHhodkUaMumuf½GHUukef\/
tnHhcHawmfrlrS oifhrnf[líavQmufMuukef\/ Zif;r,fbk&ifvnf; igtnHhcHwGuf&dSoavm/ ighNrdKUudk
zsmrlí vdyfí,l&rnfavm/ ighNrdKU&H 57-NrdKUom;wdkUonf ,ckra&mufMuao; ta&mufnDvQif igxGuf
íwdkufawmfrlrnf/ rif;wdkUaMumifhMuonfavm[lírdefUawmfrlonf/
 274 - Zif;r,fNrdKUudkwdkufodrf;awmfrlykH

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; a&mufawmfrlí qifjrif;AkdvfygwdkUudkjznhfwif;NyD;vQif nDawmf

om;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmf ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí eufbefonf Zif;r,fNrdKUudk vkyfMuHawmfrl
rnf/ qifonfvnf; qifESifh? jrif;onfvnf;jrif;ESifh?NrdKU&if;odkUa&mufap/ajconfvnf;avSum;wl;½Gif;
udkifí NrdKUukdwl;wufap/ odkUtrdefUawmf&dSvsuf ighrdefUawmfudkrwnfvQif BuD;pGmaomtuGyfawmfcH&vdrfh
rnf[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/ wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUvnf; taMumuft½GUHr&dS NrdKU&if;odkUcsOf;í wNrdKUvkH;
udkwl;ukefonf/ wcsdKUavSum;axmifíwufukefonf/ þodkUvkyfMuHawmfrlvQif NrdKUjydKíNrdKUNydK&mu qif
onfjrif;onf ajconftaygif;wdkU 0ifrdvQif Zif;r,fwNrdKUvkH;udk&awmfrlonf/
]]þodkU [&drkOöwdkif;jzpfaom Zif;r,fjynfBuD;udk tvdkawmfjynfhvQif omoemawmf\ wnf&m
jzpfonf/ okHUyef;rbef;rqD;apESifh brf;qD;rdorQudkvnf; vTwfap}}[líarmif;aMu;eif;cwf&onf/ a½T
aiGt0wfylqdk;udkrlum; - &ool,l&onf/ Zif;r,fbk&ifvnf; NrdKUwjcrf;ysufvQif xdyfwufaoG;udk
aomufvwHhodkUaMumuf½GHUjcif;jyifpGmjzpfí txl;xl;aom w½kyfykqdk; ç rdkif;vkH; ç Zmy,if; ç zJ; ç odk; ç
uwdk; ç atmif; ç wif&ef;rsm;pGmvufaqmifawmf,lí qifBuD;ESpfpD;ESifhwuG NrdKUuxGufí toufudkcGifh
jyKawmfrlyg[k em;awmfavQmufvSmonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; wJ;awmfOD;odkUac:awmfrlí igodkU rif;{u&mZfvkyfMuHawmfrl
onfudk Zif;r,fNrdKUrQudkxm;í w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;yifcHaomfvnf; cHEdkifrnfavm[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif
Zif;r,fbk&ifrSpí trª;trwf ioOfvkH oHvHwdkUudk om;awmftpOfajr;awmftqufjrpfawmftnGefUwdkif
atmif rabmufrjyef raoGrzD[lí opömawmfay;NyD;vQif ]]aus;Zl;awmfudkvnfodap/ omoemawmfudk
vnf; csDajr§muf}}[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/ Zif;r,fNrdKUudkvnf;ay;awmfrlí rif;jyK&onf/
tcGefawmfudkvnf; qifwq,f ç jrif;wq,f ç aiGw&m ç rdkif;vkH; ç Zmy,if; ç a½TAsif; ç zJ; ç
armfa&mf ç atmif; ç wif&ef; ç odk; ç uwdk; ç ,Gef;yl ç ,Gef;wm EspfpOfrjywf quf&onf/ Zif;r,fwGif
&dSaom qifaumif;jrif;aumif; ç ol&J;olcufaumif;paom yef;csD ç yef;yk ç yef;yGwf ç yef;awmh çyef;yJ;ç
yef;wdrf ç yef;wnf; ç yef;&ef ç oapö;orm; ç t*Faworm; ç qifaq;orm; ç qifwwfool ç jrif;
aq;orm; ç jrif;wwfool ç yef;qdke,fEkwwfool tvkH;tNrdwfwwfool ç txkHeUHomwwfool ç
tausmftavSmftaygiftuspfwwfool þolwdkUudka½G;awmfrlí om;r,m;ESifhwuG [Hom0wDaejynf
awmfodkU toD;oD;ra&mr&Sufap&atmif ydkUawmfrlí tuGuft&yfcsae&onf/
bk&m;ykxdk;*lausmif;NydKysufonfrsm;udkvnf; jyifqifvkyfaqmif[líaiGw&mZif;r,frif;udktyf
awmfrlí vkyfaqmifjyifqif&onf/ vbkH;bk&m;&Sifudkvnf; xD;cs&m;od;uonf ajrwdkifatmif a½Txnfh
awmfrlonf/ Zif;r,fNrdKUwGif yd#uwfokH;tpkHr&dSav[k [Hom0wDrSm,lawmfrlí usrf;*efwwfawmfrl
aom t&d,myk*d¾KvfwdkUtm; tyfawmfrlí ydkUooifMum;&onf/ Zif;r,fNrdKU&H 57-NrdKUpm;wdkUudkvnf; ac:
awmfrlí a&mufvQif opömawmfcHapí rdrdwdkUpm;jrJ;wdkif;aom aus;½GmNrdKUjyudkyifay;awmfrljyefonf/
 275 - Zif;r,fjynfrif;quftaMumif;

ok0PÖbkrd®rnfaom Zif;r,fjynfBuD;taMumif;um; - bk&m;ocifxif&Sm;&dSawmfrlonf

umvrSpí bkef;BuD;aomrif;wdkU\ ae&mjzpfonfudk t&dr'´emayguúm&mrudktpdk;&aom taemf&xm
rif;apmvkyfMuHawmfrlí ouú&mZf 388-cked*krf;jzpfavonf/ouú&mZf(656)ajcmuf&mhig;q,fhajcmufck/
yk*Heef;usausmfpGmvufxufAnm;apmrdkif;&J;wGif EdkifiHjcm;írif;jyKavonf/ Anm;apmrdkif;&J;pnf;pdrf
37/ ouú&mZf 693-cktedpöa&mufvQif om;awmfioOfylcRefMuH rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ ioOfylcRefMuHpnf;
pdrf 2-ESpf/ ouú&mZf 695-cktedpöa&mufvQif Anm;&Hom;cRefw½kHrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ cRw½kH pnf;pdrf
3-ESpf/ ouú&mZf 698-ck tedpöa&mufvQif om;awmfempkHw½kHrif;jzpfawmfonf/ empkHw½kHpnf;pdrf4ESpf/
ouú&mZf 702-ck tedpöa&mufvQif om;awmfioOfylrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ om;awmfioOfylpnf;pdrf5-
ESpf/ ouú&mZf 707-ckwGif tedpöa&mufvQif om;awmfcJ;jzLrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ cJ;jzLpnf;pdrf 12/
ouú&mZf 719-ck tedpöa&mufvQif om;wmfapmbm,krif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ apmbm,kpnf;pdrf 13/
ouú&mZf 732 - tedpöa&mufvQif om;awmfapmupdk rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ apmupdkpnf;pdrf 7/ ouú&mZf
739-ck tedpöa&mufvQif orufawmf ioOfrdkif;rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ ioOfrdkif;pnf;pdrf 3/ ouú&mZf
742-ck/ tedpöa&mufvQif om;awmfoHbd rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ oHbdpnf;pdrf 40/ ouú&mZf 782 tedpö
a&mufvQif om;awmfpmvkHrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ apmvkHpnf;pdrf 35-ESpf/ ouú&mZf 817-ck/ tedpöa&muf
vQif om;awmf apmnyfrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ apmnyfpnf;pdrf 8/ ouú&mZf 825 cktedpöa&mufvQif
om;awmf Anm;usef;rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ Anm;usef;pnf;pdrf 40/ ouú&mZf 865 tedpöa&mufvQif
om;awmf rdkif;tJ;rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ rdkif;tJ;pnfpdrf 34/ ouú&mZf 899 cktedpöa&mufvQif
om;awmf Anm;pJ;rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ Anm;pJ;pnf;pdrf 5-ESpf/ ouú&mZf 904-cktedpöa&mufvQif om;
awmf apmrdkif;rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ apmrdkif;pnf;pdrf 2/ ouú&mZf 906-ck tedpöa&mufvQif apmrdkif;rd
bk&m;ZvAÇm/ oD&dok"r®r[ma'0DESifh vif;Zif;bk&ifjApJ;ppf rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ 7-ESpfZif;r,fwGifae
í jApJ;ppfvif;Zif;odkUajy;avvQif Anm;usef;om;jAoHudk r[ma'0Drif;ajr§mufawmfrlonf/ jAoHrif;
jzpfí 7-ESpf/ ouú&mZf 920ckwGif wdkif;BuD;taygif; rif;wumwdkUt&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom a&ajrocif
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;csDawmfrlívkyfMuHawmfrlvQif NrdKU&H 57-NrdKUESifhwuG ok0PÖbkrd® Zif;r,fjynf
BuD;udktvdkawmfjynfhonf/
 276 - Zif;r,frSjyefvnfawmfrlykH

Zif;r,fjynfBuD;udk tvdkawmfjynfhvQif ,kd;',m;aus;pyf vif;pif; aus;pyf Zif;½kHaus;pyf odkU

uif;wdkU uif;&Snfxm;awmfrlonf/ Anm; 'vwwyf ç Anm;pufwwyf onfESpfwyfudkwdkufqifw&m
jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif;ESifh Zif;r,fwGif tapmifhtaexm;awmfrlcJhí rdk;eJ;aMumif; &wemyl&odkU
wyfpOftwdkif;jyefawmfrlonf/ oHvGif"m;0ifqdyfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;vnf; aus;Zl;opöm
awmfudkrapmifhESifh "m;0ifqdyfwGifxm;aom wHwm;udkzsufavonf/ rdk;eJ;wGif&dSaom &J;rufawmfokH;&m
ausmfudkvnf; owfavonf/ ,if;odkUaomif;usef;í rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;a,mufapmufapmfbGm;wdkUonf
aemufawmfvdkufrnf[efESifh rdk;eJ;odkUcsDvSmí a&mufvQif Zif;r,fodkUum;aemufawmfrvdkufrdk;eJ;apmfbGm;
ESifhwcsufwnf;jyKí ykefuefaomif;usefav\/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; "m;0ifqdyfodkUa&mufawmfrlrS rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;ykefuefaMuif;udk
odawmfrlí "m;0ifqdyfuonf usdKif;awmif;qdyfodkU nDawmfom;awmftaygif;ESifhcsDawmfrlí oHvGifjrpf
udkul;awmfrlonf/ wbufodkUqifjrif;Adkvfygtukefa&mufvQif rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;vnf;vufaqmifvufeuf
trsm;ESifh b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;udk uRefawmfb0g;jyif vuf0g;rusifhyg anmifa½TapmfbGm; a,mufapmuf
apmfbGm;wdkUom &J;rufawmfwkdUudk qD;wm;írEdkif owfn§pfí wHwm;udkzsufavonf[kem;awmfavQmuf
onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; rif;wdkU\ Oyg,f 4-yg;ESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaom rif;{u&mZfjzpf
awmfrlí rnfodkUrQtrdefUawmfr&dS/ aemufawmfwGifygaom rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;om;nDwdkUudk tMuyfxm;írdk;eJ;
apmfbGm;udkac:&av\/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;vnf qifaumif;ESpfpD; jrif;aumif;ESpfpD vufaqmifawmf,lcJhí
ajcawmf&if;odkUa&mufvSmonf/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;wdkUa&mufvQif tMuyfxm;awmfrlí usdKif;awmif;qdyfu
onf rdk;eJ;a&mufcsDawmfrlonf/
a&mufawmfrlvQif &J;rufawmfwdkUudk tolowfn§pfavaMumif;udkppfar;awmfrlí twwfod
awmfrlvQif anmifa½TapmfbGm;a,mufapmufapmfbGm;wdkUudk om;r,m;ESifhwuG ,lacs[líom;awmfr[m
Oy&mZmwdkUq,fwyfESifhwuG orufawmft0bk&if owdk;rif;apm&SpfwyfudkapawmfrlícsD&avonf/
anmifa½TapmfbGm;vnf; om;awmfr[mOy&mZm orufawmfwdkUcsDvSmNyD[lí Mum;vQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;
BuD;bk&m;udk uRefawmfwdkUrykefuefyg/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;om &J;rufawmfwdkUudk owfn§pfíwHwm;zsufav
onf[k vufaqmifyPÖmum&ESifh qD;íavQmufonf/ om;awmfr[mOy&mZmorufawmfowdk;rif;apm
wdkUvnf; anmifa½Ta,mufapmufodkUta&mufcsDawmfrlíapmfbGm;NrdKUpm;wdkUudk,frSpí om;r,m; trª;
trwf qifaumif;jrif;aumif;wdkUudk tukefodrf;,lawmfrlí rdk;eJ;odkUjyefawmfrlonf/
a&mufawmfrlMuvQif anmifa½TapmfbGm; a,mufapmufapmfbGm;wdkUtMuHtpnfudk twwfod
awmfrlvQif þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm; anmifa½TapmfbGm; a,mufapmufapmfbGm;wdkUonf
EdkifiHawmfjzpfaom oDaygokHq,fudk xdyg;zsufqD;avaomaMumifh ra&wGufEdkifaom qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh
igcsDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrlvQif NrdKUwGif;rQr&yfrae0Hhajy;ykef;a&SmifvTJ;íaeavonfudk ac:awmfrlí
pnf;pdrfESifhtoufrysufavaumif;[lí igolaumif;jyKawmfrlonfudk aus;Zl;awmfudkrapmifhESifh auo
&mZmjcaoFhrif;a&Suudk ,kef'&,fwdkuonf oef;íoGm;ouJhodkU igh&J;rufawmfwdkUudkxdyg;avonf/
aoaumif;vSavNyD/ igbk&mqkudkawmif;awmfrlaom rif;jzpfawmfrlí toufudkvTwfawmfrlonf[k
trdefUawmf&dSNyD; rdk;eJ;apmfbGm; ç anmifa½TapmfbGm; ç a,mufapmufapmfbGm;wdkUukd,frSpí omr,m;
nDorufwdkUudk odrf;,lawmfrlíaemufawmfwGifyg&onf qifaumif;jrif;aumif;ol&J;olcufaumif;wdkU
udkvnf; a½G;aumufodrf;,lawmfrlonf/
 rdk;eJ;NrdKUudkrlum; txufapmfbGm;BuD;om; odkcJ;udkapmfbGm;BuD;wdkU\ taqmifta,mifESifhwuG
ay;awmfrlí apmfbGm;jyK&onf/anmifa½Tudkrlum;apmfbGm;cifom;parmfcef;udkapmfbGm;i,fwdkU\taqmif
ta,mifESifhwuG ay;awmfrlí apmfbGm;jyK&onf/ aemufawmfwGif Zif;r,fodkUygaom rdk;jAJ;pm; ç pum;
pm; ç aemifrGefpm; ç vJ;jcm;pm; ç wDuspfpm; ç usdKif;awmif;pm; ç rdkif;ywfpm;wdkUudkvnf; opömawmfcH
apNyD;vQif qkvmfbfay;awmfrlí rdrdwdkupm;jrJ;aom NrdKUjywdkUudkyifpm;&onf/ rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;om; rdkif;
udkif;pm;udkrlum; ac:awmfrlíaemufawmfwGifyg&onf/ rdkif;udkif;NrdKUudkrlum; apmfbGm;BuD; odkcJ;nD
parmfcef;udk ay;awmfrlonf/ tcGefawmfrsm a½TcGef ç aiGcGef ç zJ;cGef ç uwdk;cGef ç atmif;cGefwESpfudk
rnfrQquf[lí pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rSqifBuD;jrif;BuD;om;orD;wdkUudk,lawmfrlínDawmfom;wmfrª;awmf
rwfawmftaygif;jcH&Hvsuf &wemyl&odkUjyefawmfrlonf/
 277 - odef;eDapmfbGm;opömawmfcHvSmjcif;

wDuspfodkU a&mufawmfrlvQif odef;eDapmfbGm;vnf; txl;xl;aom w½kyfykqdk; ç uwdk; çatmif;ç

wif&ef; ç jrif;aumif;wq,f ç qifayguf ESpfpD;vufaqmifawmf,lí ajcawmfOD;wifvSmonf/ b0&Sif
rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; wJ;awmfOD;odkUac:awmfrlí om,mpGmajyma[mawmfrlNyD;vQif uGrf;cGuf ç
vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH;ywåjrm;pD ç a½TaxG;tifay;awmfrlonf/ odef;eDaus;½Gmrsm;udk rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;t
xufu odrf;,lavonfrsm;udkvnf; ppfaMumíay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS wDuspfuonf t0odkUqif;
awmfrlí ouú&mZf 920-jynfh0gacgifvqef; 12-&ufaeU t0odkUa&mufawmfrlonf/ t0awmif awmif
bDvl;eef;awmfwGif ESpfESpfcefUaeawmfrlí ppfudkif; ç yif;, ç t0 wGif&dSaom bk&m;ykxdk;rsm;udk&Srf;wdkU
zsufqD;íNydKysufavonfrsm;udk vkyfapíxDwifawmfrlonf/
ykn&Sifbk&m;wGif a½Tp&yfaqmufawmfrlí cJ;rjzL tkyf<uyfvkyfawmfrlí rdk;awmfrlonf/ppfudkif;
t&yfü q&mawmfwdomoe"Ztm; a½Tausmif;aqmufívªawmfrlonf/ yd#ywfokH;ykHudkvnf; t|uxm
#DumESifhwuG q&mawmfudktyfí Munfh½IoifMum;ydkUoawmfrlaponf/ yif;,ajrmuf aZobifbk&m;
wGifvnf; &Sifo'¨r®'d0gu&tm; a½Tausmif;aqmufí ausmif;&HESifhwuG vªawmfrlonf/ yd#ywfokH;ykHudk
vnf; ygV t|uxm #DumESifhwuG tyfawmfrlí Munfh½IoifMum;ydkUoawmfrlap&onf/ t0NrdKUawmif
&SifAk'¨aCmoudkvnf; paMumESpfxyfausmif;&HESifhwuG aqmufívªawmfrlonf/ bk&m;qif;wk ½kyfxk
awmfysufpD;usdK;yJhavonfrsm;udkvnf; vkyfjyefqufjyefí a½Txnfhawmfrlonf/ aMu;pifwaxmifudk
vnf; acgif;avmif;BuD;oGefapí a½Tpnf;ckHrSmvªawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUt0wGif ypöKyÜef oHo&m pD;yGg;ESpf
yg;udk aqmifawmfrlpOf Zif;r,fjynfrSm taMumif;&dSonf[lí Zif;r,fuavQmufvSmonf/
 278 - t0rS Zif;r,fodkUcsDykH

taMumif;rSmrlum; - vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfonf qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifhcsDvSmí jAJ;teef;

vuGefwk½dkifavm aAsmZif;acgif onfNrdKUpm;rsm; vif;Zif;odkUaygif;avaomaMumifh b0&Sifbk&m;uREfkyf
wdkUudk olaumif;jyKawmfrlonf ESpfvkH;rNidrfyg[líavQmufvSmonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmf om;awmf tp&dSaom rª;awmf rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk
ac:awmfrlí yodkUxifMuoenf;[kpdkif;jyif;awmfrlonfudk om;awmf r[mOy&mZmavQmufonf/Zif;r,f
NrdKUwGif xm;awmfrlaom Anm;'v ç Anm;pufwdkurSmvnf; tvkH;t&if;ESifhcsnf;&dSavNyDonf/Zif;r,f
wGifvnf; tvkH;t&if;qifjrif; &dSavNyD;onf/ ajc&if;awmfu pkH&mcefUawmfrlí rdk;eJ;apmfbGm; çanmifa½T
apmfbGm;ESifh NrdKUpm;taygif;wdkUudkcefUawmfrlaomf oifhrnfxifhygonf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
r[mOy&mZm avQmufaompum;udk nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmMum;awmfrlvQif þodkU
em;awmfavQmufjyefonf/ ,ckjAJ;pm;teef;pm;wdkUESifh wcsufwnf;jyKí vif;Zif;bk&ifonf xD;aqmif
rif;wyg;yifjzpfonf/ qifjrif;Akdvfygvnf;rsm;onf/Zif;r,fNrdKUudkatmifjrifawmfrlonfvnf;rsm;rMum
acsao;/ Zif;r,fwGif&dSaom trª;trwfwdkUudkvnf; r,kHMunfom/ ajc&if;awmfu rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkU
udkomcefUíroifhacs/ nDawmfom;awmfwdkUudk tvkH;t&if; qifjrif;trsm;ESifh t0Seft0g&dSatmif csDap&rS
ta&;awmfoifhrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmavQmufaom ta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí
Zif;r,fodkUcsD&rnfudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlonf/ vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyf çwk&if&mZmjrif;wyfçvufsma,mf"m
jrif;wyf ç &mZwrefjrif;wyf ç eE´odrf;pnf;jrif;wyf ç qifwyfrSm Anm;usef;axmwwyf ç b,ausmf
xifwwyf ç &mZoMuøwwyf ç eE´ausmfxifwwyf ç ordefoHvdkufwwyf ç oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyfç
tJ;rGefw&mwwyf ç aersdK;ausmfxifwwyf ç ordefZdwfyGefwwyf ç anmifa½TapmfbGm;wwyf ç rdk;eJ;apmf
bGm;wwyf ç orufawmf t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apm wwyfç orufawmfudk Adkvfrª;cefUawmfrlonf/ jrif;
ig;wyfESifh wyfaygif;wq,fhckESpfwyfwGif ygonf wdkufqifig;&m ç jrif;ajcmufaxmif ç ppfonfol&J;
wodef;av;aomif;ESifh ouú&mZf(920)udk;&mhESpfq,fjynfh ewfawmfvqef; 7-&uf 4-[l;aeU t0u&iH
aMumif;csD&onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rlum; - t0awmifbDvl;eef;awmfü pMu0aw;rif;\
toa&uJhodkU nDawmf om;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;jcH&Hvsuf omoemawmfjrwfpD;yGg; udk,fawmf
jrwfpD;yGg;udk aqmifawmfrlí wifhw,fprÜ,fvsufaeawmfrlonf/
orufawmf t0bk&ifwdkUcsDav&mrSm &iHuonf anmifa½Tudkwdkufírdk;eJ;okdUcsDawmfrlonf/
rdk;eJ;uonf "m;0ifqdyfudkul;í Zif;r,fodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif Zif;r,fwGifaeapaom
Anm;'v ç Anm;pufwdkUESifh wdkifyifí ioOf oHvH taygif;wdkUudk ½kH;pkí Zif;r,fuonf w½dkif;odkUcsD
awmfrlonf/
vif;Zif;rif;rlum; - Zif;ioOfwGif t&yftaejyKítrª;trwfESifhwk½dkif;pm;udk wk½dkif;NrdKUwGif
tcdkiftvkHqifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifhcHíae&onf/
 279 - wk½dkif;NrdKUudkwdkuf,lykH

t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmonf wk½dkif;odkUa&mufvQif tqnf;twm;r&dS ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkufMuHawmf

rlonf/ wk½dkif;NrdKUysufí wk½dkif;pm;ESifhwuG wNrdKUvkH;udk&awmfrlonf/ vif;Zif;rif;ppfolBuD; Anm;uif
ESifh ppfuJ;ioOfpkwfoif0ifwdkUudkvnf; t&Sifyif&awmfrlonf/ qifaumif;jrif;aumif; vufeufud&,m
trsm;&awmfrlonf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; wk½dkif;ysufvQif Zif;ioOfwGifrae0Hhí vif;Zif;odkUajy;av\/
teef;pm;jAJpm; Zif;ioOfpm; Zif;acgifpm;wdkUvnf; rdrdwdkUNrdKUudkypfí om;r,m;ESifhwuG vif;Zif;rif;
ESifhtwlajy;av\/ ,if;odkUvQif Zif;r,fwdkif;EdkifiHtvkH;nDñGwfpGmjzpfav\/
xdktaMumif;udk t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmuavQmufvSmí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;Mum;vQif teefNrdKU
udk Anm;ioOfvkH;udkay;awmfrlonf/ Zif;ioOfNrdKUudk Anm;jAudkay;awmfrlonf/ jAJ;NrdKUudk Anm;oJ;udk
ay;awmfrlonf/ þodkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS orufawmfowdk;rif;apmpaom wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkU
udkac:awmfrlíjyef&onf/
 280 - w½kyfrdk;0ef;apmfbGm;udkif;rm;vmompE´m;wdkUopömawmfcHvSmykH

t0wGifaeawmfrlcdkuf w½kyfrdk;0ef;apmfbGm;vnf; txl;xl;aom w½kyfykqdk; ç rdkif;vkH;çZmy,if;ç

a½TAsif; ç odk; ç uwdk; ç atmif; ç wif&ef;vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;,lí ajc&if;awmfodkUa&mufvSm
onf/
udkif;rm;uvnf; nDAnm;ckHrIdif;udk vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifh a½Tb0gawmfatmufvmí
opömawmfawmif;vSm&onf/
w½kyfvmomapmfbGm;vnf; nDpqdkifvkHudk vufaqmiftrsm;ESifh opömawmfcHygrnf[líavQmuf
vSm&onf/
pE´m;apmfbGm;uvnf; nDrdk;n§if;pm;udk vufaqmifyPÖmum&trsm;ESifhuRefawmfcHygrnf[lí
avQmufvSm&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; xdkokdUavQmufvSmaom nDom;wdkUudk opömawmfay;NyD;vQif
trnft&nf taqmifta,miftxdkuftavQmufay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS okH;q,fpm;ESifh oD&d"r®&wf
udkapmfbGm;nDwdkUESifhvdkufí opömawmfay;avonf/ taqmifta,mifvnf;tyf&avonf/ rdpäm'd|djzpf
atmif qkH;r&onf/ oDwif;okH;aevdkaom yd#ywfusrf;*efESifhwuG oDwif;okH;aevdkaom t&d,myk*d¾Kvf
wdkUudkvnf; awmif;yef;awmfrlí yd#uwfusrf;*efESifhwuG oDwif;okH;ae&onf/ xdkapmfbGm;wdkUudkvnf;
wESpfokH;Budrfa½Tbm; jrif; bJ; uHawmh&onf/ okH;ESpfwBudrfvnf [Hom0wDaejynfawmfodkUvmíajc
awmfOD;wdkuf&onf/ tav;awmif;wif;wdkUudkvnf; aejynfawmfESifh wcsufxnf;xm;awmfrlonf/
apmfbGm;wdkUudkvnf; wvav;oDwif;o&P*kHyOöODt|'oDaqmufwnfaponf/ jynfol½Gmom;wdkUudk
vnf; wvav;oDwif;w&m;em&onf/ þodkU ypöKyÜefoHo&mpD;yGg;ESpfyg;udk aqmifawmfrlí ouú&mZf
(921)udk;&mhESpfq,fhwck uqkefvqef; 12-&uf 2-vmaeU &wemylU jyefawmfrlí e,kefvjynfhausmf
5-&uf 5-aw;aeU [Hom0wDa½Teef;awmfodkU a&mufawmfrlonf/
 281 - aumif;rIawmfwnf&efpDrHjyKpkHykH

aejynfawmfodkUa&mufvQif aumif;rIawmfr[mapwD wnfawmfrlrnft&mwGifawmtkHwdkUudkckwf

apí rdk;ajrrnDrñGwfonfrsm;udk zdkU&rnf[lívnf; vlp&dwfaiG av;&may;awmfrlonf/ ,if;aom
tcg0ef;í pD&if&onfum; - Anm;avm ç Anm;'v ç Anm;y&H ç Anm;usef;axm ç oD&daZ,saemf
&xm ç oD&daZ,sausmfxif ç aersdK;ausmfxif ç eE´ausmfxif ç onftrwf&Spfa,mufwdkUudk wyfom;ESifh
wuG0efjyKívkyf&onf/ ausmufwl;pdrfhrnf[lívnf; vlp&dwfaiGav;&may;awmfrlonf/ tk|frSmrlum;
t0rSmaeawmfrlpOfuyifzkwfí tNyD;&dSESifhonf/ajrzdkUnDñGwfíNyD;vQifaumif;rIawmftaemufwGifjymom'f
eef;awmufawmfrlí rNyD;rcsif;aeawmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(921)ukd;&mhESpfq,fhwck0gqdkvqef; 5-&uf 5-aw;aeUaumif;rIawmfr[mapwD
bdeyfawmf&mwGif;wl;onf/ ausmufcif;onf/ oHCmawmf 1000 yifhí qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/
¤if;0gacgifvjynfhausmf 2-&uf 5-aw;aeUaumif;rIawmf r[mapwDudk a½TtkXf ç aiGtkXfpDawmfrlonf/
aZmwd,mo,Hausmif;udkvnf; ausmif;&H 40ESifhwuGaqmufawmfrlonf/ xdkouú&mZfwGif; yef;vkvif
obifcHawmfrlrnf/ udkaeawmfrlp&m jymom'fESifhwuG a½Ttdrfaqmufawmfrlonf/ auwkrwDrSm
vnf; crnf;awmfbk&m;udk oN*ØK[f&mwGif *lvkyfawmfrrlíaMu;pifwaxmifudk yOöavm[moGef;íxm;
awmfrlonf/ xdkouú&mZfewfawmfvqef; 14-&uf 1aEGaeU "mwfawmfudk obifBuD;pGmcHí rif;nDrif;
om; rif;aqGpdk;rsdK;rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;Muyfrí a½Teef;awmfuonf aumif;rIawmfodkUydkU&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; aumif;rIawmfr[mapwDta&SUwGif rif;wJ;BuD;pGmaqmufí rif;rdbk&m;
udk,fvkyfarmif;rtaygif;ESifhMunfhawmfrlonf/
,if;onfaeUyif &mZa'0D&Sifrdbk&m;rSm orD;awmfrsufESmjyifonf/ "mwfawmfydkUoaeUzGm;awmf
rlonfudktaMumif;jyKí ]]&mZ"mwkuvsm}}[laomtrnfudkorkwfawmfrlonf/
xdkouú&mZfewfawmfvjynfhausmf 2-&ufAk'¨[l;aeU obifBuD;pGmcHíaumif;rIawmfr[mapwDudk
|myemawmfrlonf/ txufwdkUudkvnf;aemufig;Budrf |myemawmfrlonf/ ajcmufvESifhNyD;onf/ bdeyf
awmfoHawmifw&m t&yfawmfw&mhig;q,f/
,if;onfvwGifyif rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;u orD;udka>ct&HESifhwuGajc&if;awmfodkUqufvSmonf/
 282 - aumif;rIawmf|myemoGif;ESHykH

&wewå,H t[H 0E´rd/ /r[mapwDwGif |myemaom "mawmfarGawmf½kyfxkawmf ta&twGuf

um; - a½Ttqif;ESifhwlaom o&D&"mwfawmf 60/ ykvJ;tqif;ESifhwlaom o&D&"mwfawmf&SpfaxmifhESpf
&mwq,fh&Spfql/ þodkUqdkcJhNyD;aom o&D&"mwfawmfaygif;&SpfaxmifESpf&mwq,fh&SpfqlwdkUudk ywåjrm;
apwDwGifhxnfhawmfrlonf/ ywåjrm;apwDudk a½TapwDNrdKonf/ a½TapwDudk rdk;BudK;apwDNrdKonf/ rdk;BudK;
apwDudk aiGapwDNrdKonf/ aiGapwDudkaMu;apwDNrdKonf/ pG,fawmfyGm;wqludk ywåjrm;apwDwGifxnfh
awmfrlonf/
rdk;BudK;tqif;ESifhwlaom "mwfawmf 41-ql/ qHawmf"mwfawfwaxmifudk;&mhav;q,fhckESpfql/
waumif;"mwfawmf okH;axmifav;&mav;q,fhudk;ql/ yifwif"mawmfajcmuf&mhokH;q,fhajcmufql/
qwfoGm;"mwfawmfwql/ arm*¾vmef"mwfawmf ajcmufaxmifav;&mwql/ a½Tul "mwfawfm 3-ql/
odef;Cdk7f "mwfawmf waomif;ESpfaxmifhajcmuf&ig;ql/ OD;aESuf"mwfawmf 40/ OrSif"mwfawmf 46 ql/
pMuø"mwfawmf 91-ql/ ta&SU"mwfawmf waomif;waxmifhwq,hfudk;ql/ "mwfawmfaygif; ig;aomif;
okH;axmifajcmuf&mudkqlwdkUudkvnf; a½TMuKwf ç rdk;BudK;MuKwf ç aiGMuKwfwGifcsnf;xnfhawmfrlonf/
ta&SU"mwfawmf 11a'geESifhwemVdu/ waumif;"mwfawmf3a'geESifhwemVduonfrsm;udkvnf;a½TapwD
aMu;eDapwDwGifxnfhawfrlonf/
ywåjrm;qif;qk 13 ql/ jrqif;wk 45 ql/ eDvmqif;wk 5-ql/ oEåmqif;wk ESpfql/
Oób,m; qif;wkESpfq,fhwql/ aMumifrsuf½GJ;qif;wkESpfql/ e*g;oGJUqif;wk 9-ql/ y,if;qif;wk
13-ql/ a*:rdwfqif;wk 2-ql/ zefqif;wk 58ql/ jrwfpGmbk&m;crnf;awmfoka'¨g"erif; ç r,fawmf
oD&dr[mrm,m ç rdaxG;awmfa*gwrD ç ,aomf"&m ç om;awmf&m[kvm ç vufsm&H &Sifom&dykwå&m ç
vuf0J;&H &Sifarm*¾vmefwdkU½kyfwkawmfESifhwuG t|0Do 28-ql/ owåXme 7-ql/ toDwd&[Eåm&Spf
q,f ½kyfwkawmfwdkUudkvnf; a½TudkoGef;í½kyfwkawmftaygif;waxmifh ig;&mig;q,fhig;ql/ aiGqif;wk
aygif;&Spf&m okH;q,fajcmufql/ rdk;BudK;qif;wkaygif; 47 ql/ yOöavmuqif;wkaygif; ckESpf&mh&Spfq,fh
ig;ql/ aMu;qifwl waomif;ESpfaxmifhokH;&mig;ql/ ausmufovif;qif;wk 82-ql/ onfjyif&[Eåmt
aygif;½kyfwkawmf aMu;udkoGef;onf 238ql/ ywåjrm;pDaom "mwfawmftdrf 45/ "mwfawmfa½Ttdrf 80/
"mwfawmfaiGtdrf 95/ "mwfawmf y,if;apwD 30/ "mwfawmfrdk;BudK;tdrf 20/ "mwfawmfaMu;apwD 5/
onfrsm;udk|yemawmfrlonf/ xdkrSwyg; tbd"r®usrf;OD; ç okwfusrf;Od; ç 0denf;usrf;OD;wdkUudkvnf;
a½Tay aiGaywGifa&;í a½GpmaxmufaiGpmaxmufESifhwuGwnfawmfrlonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ½kyfwkawmfudkvnf; rif;aqmifrif;a,mifESifhwuG wefaqmifwdkif
udkifí &dSckd;awmfrl[efaiGudkoGef;í xnfhawmfrlonf/ crnf;awmfbk&m;½kyfwk ç r,fawmfbk&m;t½kyf ç
twkvr[m&mZma'0D&Sifrdbk&m;t½kyf ç orD;awmf t0rdbk&m;t½kyf ç ajr;awmfewf&Sifr,fawmft½kyf
om;awmf r[mOy&mZmt½kyf ç ajr;awmfrif;BuD;ausmfpGmt½kyf ç &mZa'0D&Sifrdbk&m;t½kyfç om;awmf
rif;om;ppft½kyf ç orD;awmf&mZ"mwkuvsmt½kyf ç pE´a'0Drdbk&m; t½kyf ç orD;awmfcifapmt½kyf
onfrsm;udkvnf; a½TudkoGef;íwefaqmifwdkifudkifvsuf bk&m;&dScdk;[efxnfhawmfrlonf/
xdkrSwyg; tdrfedrfhwGifjrifaom om;awmft½kyf ç nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmt½kyf ç rdbk&m;t½kyf ç
nDawmf rif;acgift½kyf ç om;awmf 2 yg; ç orD;awmf 2 yg; ç nDawmf owdk;rif;apmt½kyf ç oem;awmf
rlaomrª;BuD;rwfBuD;wdkUt½kyfonfrsm;udkvnf; wefaqmifwdkifudkifí &dScdk;[efaiGudkoGef;íxnfhawmfrl
onf/
 283 - uonfjynfrsOf;wJ;NrdKUodkUcsDwufyk
H
ouú&mZf(921)udk;&mhESpfq,fhwckwGif &wemyl& t0aus;vufjzpfaom ajrmufbufrif;cif;
atmufaus;rsm;udk uonf;apmfbGm;uxdyg;zsufqD;vmonf[lí uav;apmfbGm;u em;awmfavQmuf
onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ighEdkifiHawmf aus;pGef½GmvufwdkUudk rsOf;wJ;pm;i,fonf auo
&mZmjcaoFhrif;udkajracG;wdkUonf &efp&S,fouJhodkU xdyg;vSmonfudk t0rif;uav;apmfbGm;wdkUu
vdkufvHí rbrf;rqD;avonfavm[k rdefUawmfrlonfudk t0bk&if uav;apmfbGm;wdkUuavQmufonf/
uonf;wdkUonf ausmuf½dk;awmifusyfwGif aeíw&mwpk ESpf&mwpkawmMuufiSufuJhodkUawmtkHuaeí
[if;cl;xif;acGudkbrf;,lavonf/ onftaMumif;rsm;udk odí uRefawmfwdkuu vdkufvHbrf;qD;vQif
awmtkHawmifurf;odkU ajy;ykef;a&SmifvTJíaeavawmhonf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; auo&mZm jcaoFhrif;wdkUonfBuD;aomowågi,faomowå0g
[lí tm;udkr,kwfrvGefap/ tjrJ;omvkHUvjzifhzrf;pm;ouJhodkU nDawmfom;awmfrª;awmfrwfawmft
aygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonfudk eE´Muø[laom trwfavQmufonfum
uonf;rsOf;wJ;NrdKUonf tif;tm;&dSonfr[kwf/ a&SUtxufu rdk;aumif;aus;vufjzpfíeef;NrdKUvkyf½dk;
vkyfpOfrQomjzpfonf/ &J;rufawmfwdku yifyrf;&rnftaMumif;r[kwf/,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifhrdk;aumif;
apmfbGm; ç uav;apmfbGm; ç pE´m;apmfbGm;wdkUudk wyfaygif;wmaygif; NrdKUpmESifhcsDavapaomfoifhrnf
xifonf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
eE´oMuøavQmuffaompum;udk Anm;'vMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/uonf;NrdKU
onf w&mhwyg;aomvlwdkUwGif wyg;aom vlrsdK;jzpfonf/ xD;wpif;aqmif;rif;jzpfavonf/ ,if;odkU
jzpfaomaMumifh &Srf;apmfbGm;wdkUudkom cefUawmfrlíroifhacs/ ajc&if;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUudk tvkH;
t&if;ESifhcefUawmfrlonfjzpfrS t0Seft0gtausmftapmjzpfí &efoltaygif;wdkU tvGefaMumuf½GUHjcif;jyif;
pGmjzpfvdrfhrnf[líem;awmfavQmufvQif
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; Anm;'vavQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí ppfwk&*Folw
wyf ç Anm;odk½Gwfwwyf ç Anm;avmwwyf ç Anm;pufwwyf ç Anm;'vwwyf onf 5-wyfwGif
ygonfh wdkufqifokH;&m ç jrif;okH;axmif ç ppfonfol&J;ig;aomif;ESifhMunf;aMumif;csD&onf/a&aMumif;
rSm pavpm;wwyf ç yk*Hpm;wwyf ç wvkyfpm;wwyf ç ykcef;BuD;pm;wwyf ç ppfudkif;pm;wwyf ç
tjrifhpm;wwyf ç y'kHpm;wwyf ç uEéDpm;wwyf onf&SpfwyfwGifygonf ul½GyforÁefwdkufavSig;&m ç
ppfonfol&J;ig;aomif;ESifh ouú&mZf (921) udk;&mESpfq,fhwck jymodkvqef;ig;&ufaeU [Hom0wDu
uonf;odkUcsD&onf/
rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; ç rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm; ç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm; wdkUvnf;wyfaygif;ESifhwuGcsDí pE´m;
aMumif;0if&onf/ [Hom0wDu csDaom a&wyfMunf;wyfwdkUa&mufvQif avSwyfu&J;rufwdkUudk Munf;
wyfbGJUíuav;apmfbGm;ESifhwuG uav;aMumif;wpk ç aMomfpm;udka&SUwnfí ,laMumif;wpk ç wyf
aygif;apmfbGm;wdkU pE´m;aMumif;rSonf awmifxGwfodkU0if&onf/ okH;aMumif;vkH;0ifí rsOf;wJ;NrdKUteD;
wGif c&D;usOf;onfESifh wyfwnfíae&onf/
 284 - rsOf;wJ;apmfbGm;xHAnm;'voHapykH

Anm;'vwdkU,l;aMumif;csD&mu uonf;apmfbGm;odkUoHapvdkufonf/ &mZoHwGifrSmonfum;

a&ESifhajrudk tpdk;&awmfrlaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf ZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f twkr&dSAom bkef;
vuf½kH;tmPmawmfESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaom rif;{u&mZfjzpfawmfrlonf/ ,ckb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u
t*¾r[maoemywdkU ajrBuD;txkESifhwlaom qifjrif;AdkvfygESifh trsufawmf&dSí csDvSm&onfudk uonf;
apmfbGm;onf ta&;t&maomfvnf; ravQmufvSm/ NrdKUcdkifonfudktaMumif;jyKíae&onf/ uonfNrdKU
rQxm;bdOd; *E¨v&mZfwdkif;jzpfaom w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;NrdKUyif jzpfaomfvnf; igwdkuvkyfMuH&onfudk
cHEdkifrnf;r[kwf/pnf;pdrfrysuftoufraovdkvQifqifBuD;jrif;Bud;om;orD;wdkUudkvufaqmifawmfquf
í uRefawmfcHvSmonfjzpfrS jynfoltaygif;ESifhwuGcsrf;omrnf[líaponf/
uonf;apmfbGm;vnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;u ra&wGufEdkifaom &J;rufAdkvfygwdkUudk cefU
awmfrlícsDvSmNyDMum;vQif NrdKUwGif;ucHaomfvnf;rcHEdkif&macs/ yifv,fwdrfwbufudkul;íaerS oifhrnf
tMuH&dSí avSwyfpD&ifpOfwGif oHa&mufvSmíoHa&mufvSmí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udkuREfkyftefrwk
yg/ &yfpGefjynfem;ü aeaom ucsift½dkif;wdkUom uRJ;EGm;wdkUudkcdk;,lavonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh
opömawmfcHí uREfkyforD;udkvufaqmifawmfqufygrnf/ uREfkyfNrdKUodkU&J;rufawmf taygif;a&mufcsDvQif
ysufpD;ausrG avawmhrnf[lí uonf;apmfbGm;u vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifh apmfbGm;a,mufz
ckH;pJ;ur®m[laom trwfudk Anm;'vudkapvSmonf/ Anm;'vvnf; onfuJhokdUrsOf;wJ;apmfbGm;
avQmufonfta&;onf pnf;pdrfrysuftoufraornftaMumif;jzpfawmhonf[lí qdkNyD;rS xD;aqmif
rif;wumwdkU\ ocifjzpfawmfrlaom igwdkut&Sifb0&Sifrif;bk&m;odkU trsufawmfajyrnfhtaMumif;udk
qufbG,fuyfbG,fwdkUudktvsifpD&if[lírSmvdkufonf/
 285 - uonf;apmfbGm;tnHhcHí orD;unmqufykH

uonf;apmfbGm;a,mufz ckH;pJ;ur®jyefavíta&;NyD;aMumif;udk uonf;apmfbGm;Mum;vQif cspf

vSpGmaom orD;udktaqmifta,mifESifhwuGta>ct&Hay;p&mpD&ifpOfwGif Anm;'vvnf; wyfom;ESifh
wuGta>ct&Hay;p&mpD&ifpOfwGif Anm;'vvnf; wyfom;ESifhwuG ckESpfwyfvkH;,l;aMumif;0ifí
uonf;NrdKUwdkifcsDav\/ a&mufvQifuonf;apmfbGm;udkac:í opömawmfcH&onf/ rnfonfhaeU&ufudk
qufygrnf[lívnf; qdk&onf/ ,if;odkUrSuonf;wNrdKUvkH;udk xdwfvefU½GH&Smatmif qifa&; jrif;a&;
'dkif;a&; vTm;a&; uma&; upm;&onf/ tajrmufaoewfwdkUudkvnf; NrdKUvkH;yJhwifxyfrQ ypf&onf/
uonf;NrdKUwGif; raumif;aom rdpäm|dt,lwdkUudk y,fapí or®'d|djzpfatmif qkH;rNyD;rS vufaqmifyPÖm
cHí uonf;ujyefí aMomfodkUa&mufvQif avSmfum;ESpfpif;udkabmifvkyfapNyD;rS om,mvSpGmaom
'0,faqmifwJ;awmf aqmufí pwk&*Folwwyfç Anm;pufwwyfç uav;apmfbGm;wwyf onfokH;wyf
udkaMomfwGifaeapí ppfonfAdkvfygtaygif;wdkUonf tpm;taomufcJ;cufaomaMuifh uEéDç A'kHç tjrifh
odkUqkwfíaeMuonf/
uonf;apmfbGm;vnf; csdef;csufonfhaeUa&mufvQif orD;udkta>ct&Hrsm;pGm 0ef;&Hvsuf t
aqmifta,mifusif;yíaMomfodkUydkUvmonf/uonf;trwfav;a,mufwdkUudkvnf;vufaqmifvufeuf
trsm;ESifh [Hom0wDodkUwdkifatmifvdkufíquf&onf/ ,if;odkUa&wyf Munf;wyfjyefcJhí ouú&mZf(922)
udk;&mhESpfq,fhESpfck 0gqdkvqef; 4-&ufaeU [Hom0wDodkUa&mufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
uonf;apmfbGm;orD;udk eef;wGifom,mvSpGmaom tdrfESifhtxdef;tcsDay;awmfrlíae&onf/ uonf;
apmfbGm;odkUvnf; omoemawmf wnfapjcif;iSg Zdwfoif&Hudk ydkU&avonf/ txl;xl;aomykqdk;aumif;ç
cgomç rl&Dç aZmfu&wfç bufcefUwdkUudkvnf; vufaqmifwkHUí uonf;oHwdkUudkvTwfawmfrlonf/
 286 - r[mapwDudkxD;awmfwifawmfrljcif;

ouú&mZf(922) udk;&mESpfq,fESpfck jymokdvjynfhausmf 2-&ufaeUaumif;rIawmf r[mapwDudk

xD;wifawmfrlonf/ aqmif;awmfrlaom rudk#fawmfudkvnf; vªawmfrlonf/
,if;odkUaomtcgtjynfjynfaxmifaom rif;ESifhwuG rsm;pGmaom tvª0wåKwdkUudk vªawmfrl
onf/ aMu;pifwaomif;udkvnf; aMu;rdk;½Gmonf o@mefMuJ;ívªawmfrlonf/ obifNyD;vQif aumif;rI
awmfr[mapwDa&SuwGif O,smOfvkyfawmfrlí wm0wðom[laom trnfudkorkwfawmfrlonf/
,if;onfESpfwGif tkef;aygifckHrIdif; om;baxG;rMunf&dSí xD;jzLrudk#fESifhwuG ajc&if;awmfodkU
ESpfa,mufpvkH;yifa&mufvSmonf/
,if;onfESpfwGif ioOf0DbGm;u cspfMunfav;jrwfvSpGmaomorD;udktaqmifta,mifESifhwuG
om;tdrfa&SUrif;udkajc&if;awmfodkUvmíqufvsm&oonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; eef;awmfwGif;wGifaumif;rGefom,mvSpGmaomtdrfawmfaqmuf
apíxm;awmfrlonf/
 287 - eef;awmfudkzsufíaumif;rIawmftrsm;jyKawmfrlykH

xdkouú&mZf(922) udk;&mhESpfq,fhESpfckwGif NrdKUeef;a½Teef;awmfudk zsufíaumif;rIawmfr[mapwD

wGif aZw0efausmif;BuD;av;ausmif;ausmif;&Hw&mESifhwuG aqmufawmfrlíausmif;r av;ausmif;udk
a½Ttjynfhxnfhawmfrlonf/ 0ef;usifeH&HwGifvnf; ig;&mig;q,fZmwfudka&;ap&onf/ r[mapwDta&SU
wHwdkif;wGif;wGifvnf; ok"r®ma½Tp&yfaqmufawmfrlí bk&m;ausmif;0ef;usifonfrsm;udk a½Txnfhp&m
udk,fawmfav;a½Tig;q,fhokH;ydóm ig;usyfwrwfvªawmfrlonf/ a½Teef;awmf0ef;usifwGif aeawmfrlp
&m a½TtdrfaqmufapNyD;vQif waygif;vul;awmfrlí a&Ttdrfwufawmfrlonf/ aumif;rIawmfr[mapwD
vkyfaomcg aeawmfrlaom jymom'f okH;aqmifeef;awmfudk ausmif;&HESifhwuGausmif;BuD;aqmufawmfrlí
r[m&Hvkyfawmfrlonf/ a';ylaZmfausmif;udk oDwif;okH;aom *kP0efyk*¾dKvfudk vªawmfrlonf/ yd#uwf
okH;ykHudkvnf; tyfawmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(923) udk;&mhESpfq,fhokH;wGif yk*HrSm rdkñSif;rif;w&m;aumif;rIawmf ukvm;ausmif;NydK
ysufavonfrsm;udkvnf; OrSifa&Tausmif;okH;xyfaqmufívªawfrlonf/ aumif;rIawmfr[mapwDodkU
"mwfawmfydkUaomcg aeawmfrlaom wJ;awmf&mwGifvnf;bk&m;½kyfwkawmftaygif;xm;p&m a½Tp&yf
aqmufawmfrlí bk&m;½kyfwkawmfokH;axmifvkyfíNyD;vQif xm;awmfrlonf/ a&uefvnf;wl;&onf/
a&Teef;awmfajrmuftwmw&mwGif qef;Mu,fvSpGmaom a&TtdrfawmfESifhwuG qifusHK;udkwnfawmfrl\/
NyD;vQif oCFmawmfajcmuf&myifhíwJ;awmf0ef;usifav;rsufESmwGif qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ w&m;
awmfvnf;emawmfrlonf/ vªbG,fvªcif;rsm;vnf; rsm;pGmvªawmfrlonf/ q&mawmfwdkUtm; AswdåAv
ESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaom omraPwdkUudk awmif;awmfrlí ouú&mZf(923) udk;&mhESpfq,fhokH;ck wef;cl;v
jynfhausmf 9-&uf 3-*FgaeU yOöif;waxmifcHawmfrlonf/ xdkaeU aewufwy[dk&fwGif &mZa'0D&Sif
rdbk&m;om;awmfudk rsufESmjrifonf/ oCFmawmfwdkUpnf;½kH;cdkufrsufESmjrifonfudk taMumif;jyKawmfrlí
om;awmftm; oCfm'w¦[laomtrnfudk orkwfawmfrlonf/ ,if;onfaeUyif udk,fav;awmfa&Tig;
q,fhokH;ydóm tusyfav;q,f aumif;rIawmfr[mapwDudk a&Trsufyg;xnfhp&mvªawmfrlonf/ ,if;
onfhvyif bk&m;okH;axmifxm;aom p&yfudk avmifrD;oifhíavmifavonf/
ouú&mZf(924) udk;&mhESpfq,fhav;ck 0gqdkvjynfhaeU '0,fNrdKUudkwnfawmfrlonf/ xdkvwGif
wvdkif;jynf jrefrmjynftvkH;wGif&dSaom ½kyfwk qif;wkysufpD;avonfrsm;udkvnf; qufvkyfawmfrlí
pm;awmfuGrf;cGufç pm;awmfvbuftdk; ç aomufa&waumif;bkH;udk rsufyg;cwfapí a&Ttjynfhxnfh
awmfrlonf/
 288 - [dkomvmomrdk;em;pE´m;odkUcsD&ykH

(924) udk;&mhESpfq,fhav;ck 0gacgifvwGif rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;u aus;pGef½GufvufwkdUudk rdkif;armç

pnf;cGifç [dkomvmomç rdk;em;pE´;uxdyg;zsufqD;vSmonf[líavQmufvSmonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
bk&m;vnf; nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlírdkif;armpnf;cGifpaomNrdKUrsm;
onfw½kyfOD;wnfbGm;udktrDSjyKí ,ckxdyg;vmvwfonf yodkUMuH&aomf oifhrnfenf;[lí pdkif;jyif;
cif;usif;awmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg Anm;'vavQmufonf rdkif;armpnf;cGiftp&dSaom þNrdKUrsm;onf yk*Haumif;
onfhumv uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmEdkifiHawmfcsnf;jzpfonf/ yk*HodkUw½kyfa&mufvQif jynf½GmrNidrfr0yf&dS&m
wGif rBudK;rEGH½dkif;jyefí vif;EdkUcGefawmif;vQif<uuf/ <uufcGefawmifvQif vif;EdkUqdkouJhodkUusifhí ae
avonfomjzpfonf/ ,if;onfNrdKUrsm;udkodrf;,lawmfrlí vufeufEdkifiHawmfjyKonfjzpfrS a&Suyk*H
aumif;onfumvuJhokdU EdkifiHawmfwcsufwnf;jzpfrnf/ uRefawmfwdkUEdkifiHawmfjzpfbl;í odrf;,lawmfrl
onfudk w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;udkulnDíwdkufrnfqdkvQif uRefawmfwdkUEdkifiHjzpfbl;aMumif;udkoHaprnf/
oHapvQufyifulnDíwdkufvQifw½kyfudkyifEdkifatmifvkyfMuHrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;'vavQmufaompum;udkMum;awmfrlvQif igudk,fawmfESifhwuG csDawmfrl&rnfvnf;oifh
rnfavm/ nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUukdom csDap&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm[lí rdefUawmfrl
onfudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;a&Teef;awmfwGif pMu0aw;rE¨mwfrif;\ toa&uJhodkU wifhw,fpGmpHy,f
pGmaeawmfrl/ uRefawmfwdkutrª;trwfESifhnDawmfom;awmfwdkUcsD&vQif ta&;awmfvSvdrfhrnf[líem;
awmfavQmufjyefonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;bk&m;vnf; Anm;'vavQmufaom ta&;udkBudKufawmfrlíqifvkH;jrif;&if;cefU
awmfrlonfum; - rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;wwyfç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;wwyfç oDaygapmfbGm;wwyfç Anm;puf
wwyfç ouf&Snfausmfxifwwyfç Anm;jzwfpwwyfç orufawmf t0bk&if owdk;rif;apm wwyf
onfwyfaygif; 9-wyfwGif ygonfh wdkufqifav;&mç jrif;ig;axmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh
rdk;rdefaMumif;csD&onf/
eE´ausmfxifwwyfç ordef&J;oif&Hwwyfç eE´ol&d, wwyfç Anm;y&Hwwyfç b,ausmfxif
wwyfç ordefZdyfyGefwwyfç ordeftJ;y&J;wwyfç vufsmeE´olwwyfç tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç oD&d"r®maom
uwwyfç nDawmfawmifilrif;acgifwwyfç onfwq,fhwwyfwGifygonfh wdkufqifav;&mç jrif;
ig;axmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh &iHaMumif;oDaygudkwdkufícsDonf/
b,ausmfolwwyfç ordefoHus,fwwyfç eE´oMuøwwyfç Anm;usef;axmwwyfç oD&daZ,s
aemf&xmwwyfç ordefoHvdkufwwyfç ocF,mwwyfç ordefarmcGifwwyfç oa&pnfolwwyfç Anm;
avmwwyfç oD&d"r®&wfwwyfç nDawmfjynfrif;owdk;"r®&mZmwwyfç onf 12-wyfwGifygonfh wdkuf
qifav;&mç jrif;ig;axmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh &iHaMumif;oDaygudkwdkufícsDawmfrl
onf/
&mZoMuøwwyfç ordef,dku&wfwwyfç b,umrPwwyfç aersdK;ausmfxifwwyfç Anm;
jzwfpwwyfç rif;r[mwwyfç ordefz½l;wwyfç pnfolausmfxifwwyfç ordefjAydkufwwyfç vuf0J;eE´
rdwfwwyfç Anm;'vwwyfç om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwwyfç onf 12-wyfwGifygonfhwkdufqif
av;&mç jrif;ig;axmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh ouú&mZf(924)udk;&mESpfq,fhavlck waygif;
vqef;av;&ufaomMumaeU[Hom0wDu rdk;rdwfaMumif;csD&onf/
 rdk;rdwfonf rdk;0ef;i,fodkUa&mufvQif &J;rufawmfav;aMumif;vkH;aygif;rdí om;awmfr[m
Oy&mZmç nDawmfjynfrif; ç awmifilrif; ç t0rif; ç apmfbGm; ç apmfuefç rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wkdU
wdkifyifMuonf/
,if;aomtcg Anm;'vavQmufonfum; - ,ck&J;rufawmfav;aMumif;vkH;aygif;í vkyfMuH
acsonf&dSaomf tvkyftMuHrsm;csdrfhrnf/ tpm;taomufvnf;&Sm;vdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh
av;oG,fcGJ;í ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyfMuH&onfjzpfrS ta&;awmfNyD;vG,frnf[lí Anm;'vavQmufonf/ rif;
av;yg;vnf; Anm;'avQmufaomta&;udk BudKufawmfrlMuí r[mOy&mZmwdkU 12-wyfrSm rdk;em;odkU
csDawmfrlonf/ t0bk&if owdk;rif;apmwdkU 12-wyfrSm pE´m;odkUcsDawmfrlonf/ rdkif;armç pnf;cGifç
[dkomvmomç rdk;em; ç pE´;ç rdk;0ef; ç rdkif;vsOf;apmfbGm;wdkUvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;u nDawmf
om;awmfwdkUudk ra&wGufEdkifaom qifvkH;jrif;&if; ajrjyifjynfhrQ csDvSm&onf[líMum;vQif rdkif;aoOfudk
ppfulawmfrlyg[lí apmfbGm;wdkUuoHaponf/ rdrdwdkUNrdKUjywdkUudkvnf; cdkifvkHatmif pD&ifíaeMuonf/
Oy&mZmwdkU w,fhESpfwyf rdkif;armodkUa&mufvQif raMumufr½GHU&J;&ifhjcif;ESifhjynfhpkHaom &J;ruf
awmfwdkU aus;vuf½Gmvuftaygif;wdkUudk rD;wdkufí okHUyef;brf;,lav\/ vufajcwlorQudkvnf;
wa,mufrvGwfowfav\/ ,if;odkUvkyfMuHawmfrlí EGm;udkjcHavSmifouJhokdU NrdKudk0ef;&HawmfrlvQif
rdkif;armwNrdKUvkH; tom;pm;vwHhodkUaMumuf½GHUukefonf/
jynfbk&ifç awmifilbk&ifç t0bk&ifwdkUvnf; pnf;cGifç rdk;em; ç pE´m; ç NrdKUrsm;udk aeUnOfh rod
tjyif;csDawmfrlMuí a&mufawmfrlvQif 0ef;&HawmfrlMuonf/
 289 - [dkomvmomrdkif;armpnf;cGifrdk;em;pE´m;apmfbGm;wdkUoHudkzrf;rd&müpDrHykH

,if;aomtcg apmfbGm;wdkuu rdkif;aoOfodkUapaomoHudk t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwdkUwyfom;

wdkUawGUvQif brf;íqufav\/ owdk;rif;apmvnf; pmESifhoHudk r[mOy&mZmwyfodkUydkUvSm&onf
avQmufvQif pmudkMunfhapaomf OD;wnfbGm;u tvsifppfula&mufygrS uRefawmfwdkUolUuRefrjzpfygrnf
[lí pmwGifygaMumif;udkMum;vQif Anm;'v r[mOy&mZmudk þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ OD;wnf
bGm;udkaMumufí oHwdkUudkcsKyfxm;ouJhodkU&dSrnf/ oHwdkUudk ,ckvTwfawmfrlí rdkif;aoOfodkUoGm;avap/
rdkif;aoOfpm;u w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;odkUavQmufap/ ,if;odkUrSbkef;vuf½kH;tmPmvkyf&nfMuH&nfudkodrnf
[líem;awmfavQmufonf/ r[mOy&mZmvnf; apmfbGm;wdkUoHudk rdkif;aoOfodkUvTwfawmfrlonf/ oHwdkU
a&mufvQif rdkif;aoOfpm;vnf; w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;odkUtaMumif;udk avQmuf&onf/ OD;wnfbGm;vnf;
rdkif;armç pnf;cGifç [dkomvmomç rdk;em; ç pE´m; ç rdkif;0ef; ç udkif;rm; ç rdkif;vsOf;onfNrdKUrsm;udk yk*H
aumif;pOfumvuyif olvufeufEdkiiHjzpfyavonf/ odkUolEdkifiH&if;jzpfí odrf;,lavonfudk igwdkUu
olUukd&efjyKwGufr&dS/ ]],kHcGifç ,kHqifhç w,fvDç acGç qlç rdkifpH}}onfNrdKUwdkUudkxdyg;zsufqD;vmaomfrlum;
tvsifavQmufvsmap[líOD;wnfbGm;upmwkHUom[l/
 290 - rdkif;armapmfbGm;opömawmfcHykH

rdkif;armapmfbGm;uvnf;&Hí q,f&ufausmfcefU&dSvQif vufaqmifvufeuf rdIif;vkH; ç Zmy,if;ç

a½Tzsifç odk; ç uwdk; ç atmif; ç wif&ef;trsm;ESifhopömawmfudkcHí uRefawmftjzpftrIawmfudk xrf;yg
rnf[lír[mOy&mZmodkUavQmufvSm&onf/ r[mOy&mZmvnf; apmfbGm;udkxGufapí trª;trwfESifh
wuG opömawmfay;NyD;vQif orD;udkAef;armfwGifabmifvkyfapí vufeuftrsm;ESifh apmfbGm;orD;udk
ta>ct&H0ef;&Hí [Hom0wDodkUydkU&avonf/
rdkif;armapmfbGm; opömawmfudkcHí om;orD;wdkUudk vufaqmifawmfqufaMumif;udk pmESifh
pnf;cGifodkUapawmfrlonf/ rdk;em;odkUvnf;apawmfrlonf/ pE´m;odkUvnf;apawmfrlonf/ rdkif;armpm;\
trwfokH;a,mufwdkUudkvnf; pnf;cGifodkUwa,mufç rdkif;em;odkUwa,mufç pE´m;odkUwa,mufxnfhawmf
rlonf/ oHwdkUa&mufí rdkif;armapmfbGm; opömawmfcHí om;orD;qufaMumif;udk Mum;vQif apmfbGm;okH;
OD;wdkUxdwfvefUjcif;jyif;pGmjzpfí qifBuD;jrif;BuD;om;orD;wdkUudk vufaqmifawmfqufí toufudkcGifh
awmif;vSmukefonf/
jynfbk&ifç awmifilbk&ifç t0bk&ifwdkUvnf; trª;trwfESifhwuG apmfbGm;wdkUudkxGufapí
opömawmfay;NyD;vQif om;orD;wdkUudk,lír[mOy&mZmwyfokdUydkU&onf/ r[mOy&mZmvnf;apmfbGm;wdkU
om;orD;udkAef;armfqdyfwGif om,mvSpGmaomabmifvkyfapí a>cta½TavSwuftrsm;0ef;&Hí[Hom0wD
odkUtoD;toD;ydkU&avonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; xD;aqmifrif;w&m;wdkU orD;wlrudkeef;awmfwGif om,mvSpGm
aom tdrfaqmufapí ae&onf/
 291 - [kdom vmom rdkif;0ef; udkif;rm; rdkif;vsOf;odkUcsDwufodrf;,lykH

r[mOy&mZmç jynfrif; ç awmifilrif; ç t0rif;wdkUvnf; rdkif;armç pnf;cGifç rdk;em; ç pE´m; þ

av;NrdKUwdkUukdatmifjrifawmfrlvQif [dkomvmomç rdkif;0ef; ç udkif;rm; ç rdkif;vsOf;odkUcsDí vkyfMuHrnfudk
wdkifyifawmfrlMuonf/ ,ckav;NrdKUvkH;udk tvdkawmfjynfhNyD/ [dkomvmom&Srf;w½kyfwdkUonf w½kyf
OD;wnfbGm;udk trDSjyKí vif;EdkUcGefawmif;vQif <uufcGef/ <uufcGefawmif;vQif vif;EdkUcGefqdkouJhodkUae
avonf/ wEG,fiifwpifygvkyfMuH&onfjzpfrS rdkif;armpnfcGifpaom tvsifatmifjrifaomNrdKUwdkUvnf;
ysyf0yfusdK;EGHrnf[lí jynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmrdefUvQif onfta&;oifhvsonf[lí oabmwlawmfrlMu
í[dkomodkU r[mOy&mZmcsDawmfrlonf/ vmomodkUvnf; jynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmcsDawmfrlonf/
rdkif;0ef;odkUvnf; awmifilbk&ifrif;acgifcsDawmfrlonf/ rdkif;vsOf;odkUvnf; t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apm csD
awmfrlonf/
apmfbGm;wdkUvnf;&J;rufawmfwdkUcsDvSmawmfrlNyD[lí Mum;vQifNrdKUwGif;rcH0Hhí awmtkHawmifurf;
BuD;&modkUajy;0ifav\/ &J;rufawmfwdkUvnf; a&mufvQif awmtkHawmifurf;ESHUrQ&SmMu&onf/ xdkodkU&Sm
MuaMumif;udk apmfbGm;wdkUMum;vQif [dkomapmfbGm;u qifBuD;ESpfpD; ç jrif;aumif;ESpfpD; ç rdIif;vkH; ç
Zmy,if; ç odk; ç uwdk;rsm;pGm vufaqmifawmf,lí uRefawmfopömawmfcHí trIawmfudkxrf;ygrnf[l
í om;udkqD;BudKí avQmufvSm&onf/ r[mOy&mZmvnf; þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ onfuJhodkUavQmuf
jcif;onf apmfbGm;pnf;pdrfrysuf toufraornftaMumif;jzpfonf[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif apmfbGm;
om;udk qkvmbfay;í tbapmfbGm;udkac:&avonf/ apmfbGm;vnf; om;r,m; ta>ct&HwdkUudk,lí
a&mufvSmonf/
 292 - [dkomapmfbGm;opömawmfcHí vmomrdk;0ef; rdkif;vsOf;apmfbGm;0ifa&mufopömcH,lykH

r[mOy&mZmvnf; apmfbGm;udk opömawmfay;NyD;vQif opömcHaMumif;udk [dkomapmfbGm;u

vmomapmfbGm; rdk;0efapmfbGm;rdkif;vsOf;apmfbGm;odkU pmESifhap&onf/ apmfbGm;wdkUvnf; [dkomapmfbGm;
opömcHaMumif;udk Mum;vQif ajy;aomfvnf;rvGwfomacstMuH&dSí qifESpfpD; ç jrif;ESpfpD; ç rdIif;vkH; ç
Zmy,if; ç odk; ç uwdk;rsm;vufaqmifESifh opömcHí trIawmfudkxrf;ygawmhrnf[lí qkvmbfrsmpGmay;
awmfrlí tbtapmfbGm;udkac:&avonf/ apmfbGm;vnf; om;r,m;ESifh tvkH;t&if;udk,lí a&muf
vQifopömawmfudkcHaponf/
rdk;0ef;apmfbGm; rdkif;vsOf;apmfbGm;wdkuvnf; ajy;aomfvnf; rvGwfEdkifacst,l&dSí qifBuD;jrif;
BuD; om;orD;wpkwdkUudk,lí vufaqmifawmfqufí uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ r[mOy&mZm jynfrif
t0rif; awmifilrif;wdkUvnf; apmfbGm;wdkU om;orD;wdkUudk Aef;armqdyfwGif aumif;rGefom,mvSpGmaom
abmifvkyfí xdkabmifESifhta>ct&HavSwuftrsm;0ef;&Hapí [Hom0wDodkUydkU&onf/ a&mufvQif xdk
xdkaom apmfbGm;wdkUorD;udk aumif;rGefom,mpGm tdrfaqmufíapmfbGm;wdkUnDom;orufwdkUudkvnf;
tuGuft&yftdrf&may;awmfrlí rjywfjrJ;pGJ;&onf/
r[mOy&mZmjynfrif; ç t0rif; ç awmifilrif;wdkUonf [dkomvmomç rdkif;0ef; ç rdkif;vsOf;
onfNrdKUpm;wdkUudk opömawmfay;í taetxm;oifhatmifpD&ifawmfrlNyD;vQif raumif;aom rdpäm'd|dt,l
udky,fapíaumif;aom or®m'd|dt,lü wnfaponf/ xdkxdkodkUaom NrdKUjywdkUü ausmif;bk&m; aumif;rI
jyKNyD;vQif yd#ywfusrf;*efESifhwuG t&d,moCFmwdkUtm; awmif;yefí oDwif;okH;ae&onf/ wv
av;oDwif;vnf; o&P*kHç yOöoDç t|'oDaqmufwnfí w&m;em&onf/ rjrwfvnf;oGef;oifqkH;r
&onf/ tcGefawmfrSm jrif; ç rdIif;vkH; ç Zmy,if; ç odk; ç uwdk; ç atmif; ç wif&ef; wESpfokH;Budrfquf
&onf/ okH;ESpfwBudrfvnf;apmfbGm;wdkU udk,fwkyfuG ysyf0yfusdK;EGHpGm ajc&if;awmfodkUvmí vufawmif
awmfquf&onf/ aejynfawmfrSmvnf; bk&m;okH;aomif;xm;aom p&yfudkavmifrD;usí pm;awmfrlaom
vbuftdk;udkzsufí ouú&mZf(924)udk;&mhESpfq,hfav;ck ewfawmfvqef; 5-&ufaeU aqmufawmfrl
onf/
¤if;ouú&mZf(924) udk;&mhESpfq,fhav;ckwGif ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 6-&uf usdKif;wkH;apmfbGm;
orD;udk ta>ct&HESifhwuG qufvSmí [Hom0wDodkUa&mufvmonf/ xdkrif;orD;udk NrdKUajrmufwGiftae
txm;jyKapí aygif;jywif;a½TxnfhESifh rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;0ef;&Hí ,l&onf/ eef;wGif;odkUa&muf
vQif om,mvSpGmaom tdrfESifhtxdef;tcsDay;awmfrlí ae&onf/ tbusdKif;wkHpm;udkvnf; xD;jzL
rudk#fESifhwuG rif;ajr§mufwef;qm 5-yg;ay;awmfrlonf/
 293 - a&Tausmif;awmfrsm;aqmufvªykH

q&mawmf&Sif"r®ygv awm0ifawmfrlí oDwif;okH;aomt&yfwGifvnf; aZw0efausmif;pOf

tkyf<uyfrdk;íausmif;&H 42-ESpfxyf/vnfay:aqmufapí vªawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf(924) udk;&mhESpfq,fh
av;ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 5 -&uf 4-[l;aeUa&Teef;aMumh&Sif e&ywdwlrawmf&SifaxG;vSudk &mZa'0D
[laomtrnfawmfESifh rdbk&m;BuD;wdkU\ taqmifta,mifay;awmfrlí a&Ttdrfae&onf/
,if;onfh ouú&mZfwGif &mZa'0D&Sifrdbk&m;aumif;rIpnf;ckHudk vkyfawmfrlNyD;vQif &wemrked[l
í orkwfawmfrlonf/ bk&m;wGifvnf; ok"r®mp&yfBuD;aqmufí vªawmfrlonf/ wHwdkif;0ef;usifudk
vnf;aZw0efa&Taumif; ausmif;&HESifhwuG aqmufívªawmfrlonf/ yOöif;vnf; 747 - yg;cHawmfrlí
rsm;jrwfaom tvªBuD;udkay;awmfrlonf/
[Hom0wDç auwkrwDç oa&acwå&mç yk*Hç ppfudkif; ç yif;, ç t0ç Zif;r,fç usdKif;wkH þEdkifiH
vkH;wGif&dSaom bk&m;ykxdk;*lausmif;NydKysufavonfrsm;udkvnf; vkyfaqmifpdrfhrnf[lí aiGaygif;ig;&m
ESpfq,fckESpfydómvªawmfrlonf/ ,if;onfESpfwGifyef;wa,mfjrpfudkwl;&onf/om;awmfr[mOy&mZm
nDawmfjynfrif;awmifilrif; t0rif;wdkUcsDav&mrSmvnf; ajrmuf&Srf;jynfwvTm;udktvdkawmfjynfhvQif
taetxm;oifhatmifpD&ifíNyD;aMumif;udkavQmufvSmí Mum;awmfrlvQifom;awmfnDawmfwdkUudkac:awmf
rlíjyef&onf/
 294 - ,dk;',m;odkUcsDwuf&efwkdifyifykH

ouú&mZf (925)udk;&mhESpfq,fhig;ck 0gqdkvjynfhausmf 12-&uf 6-MumaeU [Hom0wDaejynf

awmfodkUa&mufawmfrlonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; yGJ;vrf;&oolwdkUudkt
xdkuftavsmuftaqmifta,mif pm;aus;pm;vufay;awmfrlonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ,dk;',m;onf nDawmfrif;w&m;vufxuf
awmfuyif vufeufEdkifiHawmfjzpfbl;onf/ ,ckvnf; qifjzLav;pD; wpD;rQqufvQif a&ESifhajruJhodkU
jzpfrnf/ ,dk;',m;odkUap Anm;'vudktrdefUawmf&dSí Anm;'vu pmaypDukH;í rusdK;rEGHaompum;udk
qdkav\/ xdkodkUpum;udkoHwdkUa&mufí Mum;awmfrlvQif ,dk;',m;rif;onf ysufpD;vdkí þpum;udkqdk
onfjzpfawmhonf trdefUawmf&dSNyD;vQif nDawmfç om;awmfç rª;awmfç rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk ac:
awmfrlí ,dk;',m;odkU Anm;'vtpkHtprf;aponfudk NrdKUcdkifvkHonf/ qifjrif;Adkvfyg vufeufud&d,m
rsm;onfudk,kHí rysufr0yfrusdK;rEGHjyKavonf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk t,fodkUvkyfMuH&aom tvdkawmfjynfh
vG,frnfenf;[lí trdefUawmf&dSonfudk oD&daZ,sausmfxifavQmufonf/ ta&SUjynfwvTm;wGif
,dk;',m;rif;wNrdKUç vif;Zif;wNrdKUç v0dkufwNrdKUç onfNrdKUrsm;onf qifaumif;jrif;aumif;wdkUvnf;rsm;
avonf/ vufeufud&d,mvnf; xlxyfvSonf/ toufudktoufrrSwf trIudkxrf;rnfh ol&J;olcuf
ESifhvnf;jynfhpkHavonf/ &Srf;jynf,Gef;jynfudk csDawmfrlouJhodkU ravmufrvm;rav;rpm;vkyfMuHawmf
rrloifhacs/ tvkH;t&if; tcdkiftNzD;pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí pnf;pnf;MuyfMuyf csDawmfrlonfjzpfrS ta&;
awmfNyD;vG,frnf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
oD&daZ,sausmfxifaemf&xmavQmufaompum;udk Anm;'vMum;vQif uRefawmfoD&daZ,s
ausmfxifavQmufaomta&;onf ppfa&;yifjzpfayonf/ odkU&mwGif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;EdkifiHawmftvkH;
wGif&dSaom xD;aqmifrif;wumESifhwuGcsDawfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrlonfudk ,kd;',m;vifZif;NrdKUrQudkxm;bd
OD; w½kyfOD;wnfbGm;yifjzpfaomfvnf;cHEdkifrnfr[kwf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
bk&m;vnf; Anm;'vavQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí EdkifiHawmftvkH;wGif&dSaom xD;aqmif;rif;t
aygif;wdkUudktvkH;t&if;ESifhwuGtvsifa&mufap[lí apawmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg aomufawmfa&waumif;bkH; ç pm;awmfvbuftdk; ç aomufa&awmf ywåjrm;pD
bvm; udk a&Trsufyg;cwfapí wefcGefBuD;av;wdkif;a&TtjynfhxnfhawmfrlNyD;vqif aumif;rIawmf r[m
apwDrsmvªawmfrlonf/ oDv0ef *kP0efwdkUESifh jynfhpkHaomoCFmw&mhwyg;wdkUudk yihfíqGrf;vkyfauR;
awmfrlonf/ y&du©&m&Spfyg;ESifhwuG vªbG,fvªcif;vnf;vªawmfrlonf/
 295 - ,dk;',m;odkUcsD&efpD&ifawmfrlykH

,if;odkUrS ,dk;',m;odkUcsDrnfudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlonf/ Zif;r,fNrdKUwGif&dSaom wdkufavSukef

avSwdkUudk jyifqifvkyfaqmifap[lí apawmfrlonf/ Zif;r,frif;vnf; trdefUawmftwdkif; £E´*D&dpm;
ESifh bkr®*D&dpm; ESpfa,mufudkwyfom;ESifhwuG tvsifaqmifjyifqif&onf/
,if;odkUrS ,dk;',m;udkcsDawmfrlrnfudk cefU&efawmfrlonf/ wyfpOfum; - vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;
wyfç wk&if&mZmjrif;wyfç &mZwrefjrif;wyfç eE´odrf;pnf;jrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm aersdK;ausmfxifwwyfç
Anm;usef;axmwwyfç eE´oMuøwwyfç ordeftJ;y&J;wwyfç oD&daZ,saemf&xmwwyfç eE´ausmfxif
wwyfç Anm;y&Hwwyfç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;wwyfç oDaygapmfbGm;wwyfç orufawmf t0bk&if owdk;
rif;apmwwyfç jrif;av;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 14-wyfwGifygonfh wdkufqifav;&mç jrif;ig;axmifç ppf
onfol&J;wodef;av;aomif;ESifha&SUzsm;csD&onf/
vufsma,mf"mjrif;wyfç wk&ifAvjrif;wyfç wk&ifo'd¨jrifwyfç ppfwk&ifjrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm
b,ausmfxifwwyfç ordefoHvdkufwwyfç rif;r[mwwyfç oHrdefoHus,fwwyfç oa&pnfolwwyfç
ordef&J;oif;&Hwwyfç oD&daZ,sausmfxifwwyfç rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;wwyfç jrif;wyfav;wyfESifhwyfaygif;
14 - wyfwGifygonf wdkufqifav;&mç jrif; 5 -axmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;av;aomif;ESifhcsD&onf/
vufsm;&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç b,&mZmjrif;wyfç wk&ifAnm;jrif;wyfç vuf0J;b,jrif;wyfç qif
wyfrSm rif;ausmfxifwwyfç ordef,dku&wfwwyfç eE´ausmfxifwwyfç tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç vuf0J;eE´
rdwfwwyfç ordefZdwfyGef wwyfç aZ,soMuøwwyfç tkef;aygifapmfbGm;wwyfç rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;wwyfç
nDawmfjynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmwwyfç jrif;wyfav;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 14-wyfwGifygonf wdkufqif
av;&mç jrif;ig;axmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;av;aomif;ESifhcsD&onf/
vufsmwk&ifjrif;wyfç aZ,swrefjrif;wyfç wk&ifodrf;pnf;jrif;wyfç wk&if a,mf"m wwyfç
qifwyfrSm aZ,sausmfxif wwyfç Anm;'vwwyfç pnfolausmfxifwwyfç Anm;z½l;wwyfç b,
ausmfxifwwyfç ordefaigcGifwwyfç ocF,mwwyfç anmifa&TapmfbGm;wwyfç odEéDapmfbGm;wwyfç
ocF,mwwyfç anmifa&TapmfbGm;wwyfç odEDéapmfbGm;wwyfç om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwwyfç jrif;wyf
av;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 14-wyfwGifygonfhwdkufqif av;&mç jrif;waxmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;av;
aomif;ESifhcsD&onf/
þodkUnDawmf om;awmfwdkUudk av;pkjyKí csDapNyD;rS wk&ifa'0jrif;wyfç a'0ol&jrif;wyfç
ol&d,ur®mjrif;wyfç wk&ifa,mf"mjrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm &mZoMuøwwyfç Anm;pufwwyfçvufsmeE´ol
wwyfç ordefvuGef;tdefwwyfç oD[yawhwwyf ,if;urS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm 0if;awmf
rsufESmwGifa&SUawmfu wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç ppfonfol&J;waomif;wGif eE´a,mf"mwyfrª;
&mZa,mf"mudkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
vufsmawmfu wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfwaomif; ç ouf&Snfausmfxifudkwyfrª;
aZ,seE´rdwfudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
vuf0J;awmfu wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfwaomif; ç O'defausmfxifudk wyfrª;ç eE´ol
udkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
aemufawmfu wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfwaomif; vufsmaZ,soMuøudkwyfrª;
eE´oD[udk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/ wyfawmfwGif 0if;awmfav;rsufESmudk a½T'dkif; ç a½TvTm; ç a½Tumç
a½TvSHESifh csnf;vdkuf&onf/
 Anm;avmwwyfç b,oMuøwwyfç oD&"r®maomuwwyfonfokH;wyfudk [Hom0wDwGif
tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/
rif;&J;ocF,mwwyfç Anm;OD;wwyfESpfwyfudk ta&Surkwår 32NrdKUudk tapmifhtaecefUawmf
rlonf/
ordefaZmfu&wfwwyfç vuf0J;eE´olwwyf onfESpfwyfudkrlum; aumif;rIawmfr[mapwDNydK
onfudkvkyf&pf&onf/
 296 - ,dk;',m;odkUudk,fwdkifcsDwufykH

þodkUjynftvkH;udk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí ouú&mZf(925) udk;&mhESpfq,fhig;ckwefaqmifrkef;v

jynfhausmf 12-&uf 2-vmaeU ,kd;',m;odkU [Hom0wDucsDawmfrlí ]]atmifxifompnf}}[laom
wyfawmfwGif csawmfrlonf/ atmifxifompnfwyfawmfuonf urefydkufwdkif 32-pcef;udk csDawmfrl
onf/ urefydkufwGifwyfudk ]]atmifcsme*d&f}}[lí orkwfawmfrlonf/
Zif;r,fum; - aemufawmfrvdkufbJ aomif;usef;íae&pfonf/ Zif;r,fwGif&dSaom wdkufavS
300 ausmfudkrlum; £E´&D&dç bkr®*D&dpm;wdkUudk Zif;r,fudkcsDívkyfaomaMumifh Zif;r,furodrf;r,l -
&awmfrlonf/ xdkwdkufavS ukefavSwdkUwGif pyg;qefwifíaqmif,lcJh&onf/ urefydkufodkUa&mufawmf
rlvQif urefydkufpm;vnf; NrdKUjyç usHK;ajrmif; ç uwkwfç &ifwm; ç jyifqifí vufeufud&d,m pDpOfí
NrdKUutcdkiftvkHcHíaeawmfrlonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; a&mufawmfrlí rdk;aomufvQif
nDawmf om;awmf rª;awmf rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk ,ckyif urefydkufudkNrdKUudkvkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ qif
onfvnf; qifESifhNrdKU&if;odkUa&mufap/ jrif;onfvnf; jrif;ESifhNrdKU&if;odkUa&mufap/ ajconfvnf;avS
um;wl;½Gif;udkifí NrdKU&if;odkUcsOf;í NrdKUudkwl;ap wufaptrdefUawmf&dSonf/
 297 - urefydkufudkwdkufí aomuúwJ;ok0PÖavmuf
ydwfpJ;weoFm&DodkUapvTwfwdkuf,lykH

wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUvnf; trdefUawmftwdkif;wnfatmifpD&ifMuonf/ qifonfçjrif;onfç

ajconftaygif;wdkUvnf; taMumuft½GHUr&dS NrdKU&if;odkUcsOf;í wcsdKUNrdKUwHcg;udk qifESifhwdkufonf/
wcsdKUNrdKUudkavSum;axmifwufonf/ wcsdKUNrdKUudkwl;ukefonf/ þodkUvkyfMuHawmfrlvQif w'*FwcP
jcif; vQyfwjywfouJhodkU vuf0g;jyum atmifjrifawmfrlonf/ urefydkufNrdKUysufvQif &J;rufawmft
aygif;wdkU okHUyef; brf;,lMuonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; qifjrif;vufeufud&,mudkom
odrf;,lawmfrlonf/ a&Tç aiGç aMu; ç oHç t0wftpm;wdkUudkrlum; &ool,l&onf/ urefydkufpm;udk
vnf; om;r,m; ta>cta&GESifh wuGodrf;,lawmfrlí tMuyfxm;awmfrlonf/ b,eE´rdwfESifh vufsm
aZ,sol&udk tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/
,if;odkUrS Anm;'v þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ ,ck,dk;',m;NrdKUudk &dSESifhapí aomuúwJ; ç
ydóavmufç ok0Pöavmufç ydwfpJ; ç weoFm&DodkUcsDawmfrlí odrf;,lawmfrlNyD;rS ,dk;',m;rif;onf
twmifuRwfaom iSufuJhodkU&dSrnf[lí em;awmfavQmufoonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
Anm;'vavQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrlíf/
om;awmf r[mOy&mZmESifhnDawmfbk&ifrif;acgifwdkUESpfq,fh&SpfwyfudkaomuúwJ;odkUcsDívkyfMuH
&onf/
nDawmf jynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmESifh orufawmf t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwdku 20 wyfom;udk
ydóavmufudk csDívkyfMuH&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; q,fwyfESifh ok0PÖavmufodkUcsDawmfrlonf/
om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwdkUcsD&mrSm aomuúwJ;pm;onf qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;udk NrdKUuxGufBudK
vSmonfudk awGUawmfrlvQif tqnf;twm;r&dS qifcRef;bGifhum vTwfMuonf/aomuúwJ;pm;tm;rwef
í qkwfav\/ &J;rufawmfwdkUvnf; aemufxyfvdkufonf/ NrdKU&if;odkU a&mufvQif NrdKUudkwufrdí
wNrdKUvkH;udk NrdKUpm;ESifhwuG&awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS aomuúwJ;pm;ESifh wuGwNrdKUvkH;udkodrf;,lawmfrlí
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;&dS&modkUaygif;vSm\/
nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmwdkU csD&mrSm ydóavmufpm;onf NrdKUjyusHK;ajrmif;uwkwf
&ifwm;jyifqifí NrdKUcHESifhonfudk nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmwdku a&mufawmfrlvQif NrdKUudk0ef;&Híig;&ufcefU
qifjrif;AdkvfygwdkUjznfhwif;NyD;vQif tajrmufBuD; jrwylESifh rD;aygufrdk;&GmapNyD;rS NrdKUudkcsOf;í qifonf
ajconf taygif;vkyfMuHonf/ rcHEdkifíysufav\/ ydóavmufNrdKUudk&awmfrlonf/ NrdKUpm;ESifhwuG
NrdKUvkH;udkodrf;,lawmfrlcJhí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;odkUaygif;vSmonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; csDawmfrl&m ok0PÖavmufpm;vnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; csD
awmfrlvSmonf qifvkH;jrif;&if; ppfonfAdkvfygrsm;vSaMumif;[lí Mum;vQif vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;
ESifhqD;BudKí uRefawmfb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk tefrwk0Hhyg/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUudktvdkawmfjynfhvQif
uRefawmfrSm yifyef;awmfrl&rnf tcif;r&dSNyD[líem;awmfavQmufonf/b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
ok0PÖavmufodkUta&mufcsDawmfrlí nDawmfom;awmftaygif;udkiHhíaeawmfrlonf/
 298 - ok0PÖavmufu,dk;',m;NrdKUawmfodkUcsDwufykH

,if;odkUpOfwGif Mo,mydwfpJ;u vufqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifh uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ nDawmf

om;awmfwdkUta&mufnDvQif Mo,m"r®&mZmç Mo,mok0PÖç Mo,mydwfpJ;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí ,dk;',m;
odkUcsDawmfrlonf/ ok0PÖavmufodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmudk a&aMumif;
wdkufavStrsm;ESifh csD&onf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwdkU jrif;wyf av;wyfESifh wyfaygif; 14-
wyfudk vufsmaMumif; csDawmfrl&onf/ nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwdkUjrif;wyfav;wyfESifhwyfaygif;
14 - wyfudk tv,faMumif;csD&onf/
orufawmf t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwdkU jrif;wyfESifhwuG wyfaygif; 14 -wyfudkvnf; vuf0J;
aMumif;csD&onf/
t0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;rSm jrif;wyfav;wyfESifhwuG wyfaygif;q,fwyffemuftkyfcsDawmfrl
onf/
o0efavmufcsDawmfrlí wpcef;a&mufawmfrlvQif ,dk;',m;rif;oruf aemufawmfwGifygaom
Mo,m"r®&mZmavQmufonf/ ta&;awmfNyD;rnftaMumif;udk ,dk;',m;rif;odkU uRefawmfapygrnf cGifhjyK
awmfrl[k em;awmfavQmufonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; Mo,m"r®&mZmu ,dk;',m;rif;odkU
aprnfavQmuf&mrSm tavQmufap&vdrfhrnf/ igvkyfMuHawmfrl&onfudk ZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f cHEdkifrnfjynf
axmifrif;&dSoavm[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/
 299 - aemufawmfygMo,m"r®&mZmu
,dk;',mbk&ifxHapykH

Mo,m"r®&mZmvnf; trdefUawmfudkMum;vqif ,dk;',m;rif;odkU þodkUaponf/

b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; ,ckcsDvm&mrS nDawmf om;awmftp&dSaom xD;aqmif;rif;
taygif;ESifh jzpfí qifjrif;Adkvfygrsm;vsonf/ nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmfç rwfawmf
taygif;wdkUonf toufudkpGefUí trIudkxrf;rnfolcsnf;jzpfonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaom
aMumifh ta&;NyD;rnftaMumif;udk tvsifqD;BudKí avQmufvSmonfjzpfrS pnf;pdrfr
ysuf toufrao&dSrnf[lí apvdkufonf/
,dk;',m;bk&ifvnf; ta&;t&mravQmufaom apvSmoludkcsKyfxm;NyD;vQif ,dk;',m;bk&if
om; jAr[def[laom tdrfa&SUrif;udkwdkufavSokH;&mwGif pdefajymif;jrwyl vufeufud&d,k trsm;wifí
ukvm;bk&if*sD½kVdyif;um; taygif;ESifh qD;BudKícH&onf/
 300 - jAr[defqD;BudKíwdkufykH

cHvSmaMumif;udk Mum;awmfrlvQif aersdK;ausmfxifudk jrif;av;wyfwGif tBuD;jyKapíwaMumif;/

b,ausmfxifudk jrif;av;wyfwGif tBuD;jyKapívnf;aumif;/ eE´ausmfxifudkjrif;av;wyfwGif tBuD;
jyKapíwaMumif;/ onfjrif;wyf 12-wyfESifh trwfBuD;okH;OD;wdkUudk a&SUvGefí tpkHtprf;csD&avonf/
,dk;',m;rif;om tdrfa&SUrif;a&aMumif;csDvSmonfESifh awGUMuvQif avSuukvm;wdkUMunf;odkU pdefajymif;
jrwylESifhypfonf/ jrif;awmfonfwdkU txdtyg; t&Stersm;vSavonf/ ,if;odkUpOfwGif om;awmf
r[mOy&mZm nDawmf awmifilrif; orufawmf t0rif;wdkUa&mufí qifwyfbdí wdkufvQif ,dk;',m;
om;wdkUrcHEdkifíysufíavSwyfodkUaygif;av\/
,if;odkUpOfwGif nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk"r®&mZmwdkU avSwyfa&mufvSmíwdkufonf/ ,dk;',m;
ucsDvSmaom avSwyfysufí u&J;uoDupOfhuvsm;&dSav\/ wdkufavSw&mausmf vufeufud&d,m ESifh
wuG&awmfrlvdkufonf/ okHUyef;vlESpf&mausmfvnf;&awmfrlonf/ aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/ ,dk;',m;
bk&ifom; tdrfa&SUrif;rlum; - avSvsifESifhtjyif;cGgavaomaMumifh vGwfavonf/ ,kd;',m;bk&if
vnf; om;awmftdrfa&SUrif;a&mufvmvQif om;ESifh nDudkwdkufqifig;&mç jrif; 6-axmifç ppfonfol&J;
wodef;pD&ifí tvsifcsD&onf/
,dk;',m;rif;rlum; - wdkufqifokH;&mç jrif;okH;axmfç ppfonfol&J;&Spfaomif;ESifh aemufwyfjyK
ícsDonf/ vkHuwD[laomt&yfodkUa&mufvQifwyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfíaeonf/ om;ESifhnDudkBudKvSm&
onf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;u a&SUvGefícsDapaom jrif;wyfESifhawGUMuvQif jrif;awmfonfwdkUvdkufí
wdkufonf/ ,dk;',m;jrif;wyf tm;rwefí a½GUav\/
,if;odkUpOfwGif qifwyfa&mufvsmí renf;MumcHí ypfcwfMuonfESifhppfa&;iifcJh\/,dk;',m;
om;wdkUvnf; qifygjrif;ygbdí vdkufvSmonfudkeD;vQif om;awmf r[mOy&mZmnDawmfawmifilrif;
t0rif;wdkUvnf; taMumuft½GHUr&dS qifcRef;zGifhum vTwfawmfrlMuonf/ apmfbGm; ç apmfuefç wyfrª;ç
ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUvnf; olUxufigyGJ;&atmifqifcRef;bGifhum vTwfMu\/ ,dk;',m;rif;om; orufwdkU
rcHEdkif ysufaví pDonfqifESifhom vkHuwDwyfodkUajy;0ifav\/ r[mOy&mZm awmifilrif; t0rif;
paom apmfbGm;apmfuef trª;trwftaygif;wdkUvnf; qifygjrif;ygvdkufíwdkufonf/ wyf&if;odkUa&muf
av\/ qifjrif;vlol&onfvnf;rsm;\/
 301 - ,dk;',m;bk&ifcHí vkHuwDwyfudkwdkuf,lykH

,if;odkUrS b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; a&mufawmfrlvQif wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudk ,ckyif

vkHuwDwyfudk igvkyfMuHawmfrlrnf/ qifonf jrif;onf ajconftaygif;wdkUwyf&if;odkUcsOf;í qif
onfvnf; qifESifh jrif;onfvnf; jrif;ESifh wyfudkcsOf;íwdkufap/ ajconfvnf; avSum;wl;½Gif;ESifh
wcsdKUwyfudkwdkufap/wcsdKUwyfudkwl;ap/ trdefUawmftwdkif;rwnfvQif BuD;pGmaom tuGyfawmfudkcH&
rnf[lí wyfwdkif;trdefUawmfjyef&onf/ wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUvnf; trdefUawmftwdkif; wnfatmif
tqnf;twm;r&dS olUxufig wyfudk0ef;&Hí vkyfMuHMuonf/ ouú&mZf 925 - ck wydkUwGJ;vjynfhausmf
15-&uf? 2-vmaeU oabFmokH;pif;ESifhwuG vkHuvDwyfudk&awmfrlonf/ ,dk;',m;bk&ivnf; jrif;pD;
í om;orufwdkUESifh NrdKUwGif;odkU ajy;0ifí vGwfavonf/ &J;rufawmf taygif;wdkUvnf; vdkufvHí okHU
yef;brf;,lavonf/ qifjrif;vloltrsm;&awmfrlonf/
 302 - ,dk;',m;rif;qifjzLqufítnHhcHykH

,if;odkUrS vkHuvDwyfwGif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;aeawmfrlí nDawmf om;awmf rª;awmf

rwfawmf taygif;wdkUudk ,dk;',m;NrdKUudkjcHavSmifouJhodkU 0ef;&Hí wyfESifhcsnf;ae&onf/ þodkU
0ef;&Hawmfrlí tajrmufBuD;jrwylESifh rD;aygufrdk;½GmapvQif ,dk;',m;wNrdKUvkH;tom;pm;vwHhodkU aMuuf
½GHUukef\/ tnHhcHrnftaMumif;udk ,kd;',m;rif;tm;avQmufukef\/ ,dk;',m;bk&ifvnf; om;oruf
wdkUESifh wdkifyifNyD;vQif qifjzLwpD;udk vufaqmifjyKí trª;trwfESifhwuG ,kd;',m;rif;uavQmufvSm&
onf/
avQmuf[efum; - pnf;pdrfrysuf toufraornftaMumif;udkcGifhjyKawmfrlygvQif
uREfkyfopömawmfudkcHí ajc&if;awmfrSmaeygrnf/ uREkfyfom; jAr[defudkrlum; - ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk
oem;awmfrlí tpOfrysuf rif;jyKygap[lí (,dk;',m;rif;q&mawmfudkap)í em;awmfavQmuf
vmonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocifjzpfawmfrlaomb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;,kd;',m;rif;uavQmufvmaomta&;
pum;udkMum;awmfrlí nDawmfom;awmfrª;awmf rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí þodkUtrdefUawmf&dS
onf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUvnf; omoemawmfjrwfwnf&mjzpfí bk&m;*lausmif;t&d,moCFmrsm;onf/
xdkt&d,moCFmwdkUonf ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk ig0ef;&HawmfrlonfrSpí tvGefusOf;ajrmif;vSayonf/ ,if;
odkUjzpfaomaMumihf ,dk;',m;rif;u avQmufvmonftwdkif; igcGifhjyKawmfrlrnf tMuH&dSonf/ yodkUxif
Muoenf;[lí cif;Muif;pdkif;jyif;awmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg Anm;'vavQmufonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;onf txufuoHapawmfrlaomtcg
aomif;usef;½dkif;jyaompum;udk qdkavaomaMumifh ajrBuD;txkESifhwlaom qifvkH;jrif;&if;taygif;ESifh
csDawmfrlí ,dk;',m;aus;vuftaygif;wdkUudk odrf;,lawmfrlvQif ,kd;',m;rif;onf tawmifuRwfaom
iSufuJhodkU raxmifxm;Ekdifí toem;awmfcHvSmonft&mrSm opömawmfudkcHítrIawmfudk xrf;ygrnf
qdkvQif ta&;awmfNyD;awmhonf/ odkU&mwGif ,dk;',m;rif;BuD;ESifh om;orD;qifjzL 4-pD;udkodrf;,lawmf
rlrS ysyf0yfusdK;EGHrnfjzpfonf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
 303 - ,dk;',m;bk&ifopömcHí om;jAr[defudk ,kd;',m;ürif;jyKapjcif;

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; Anm;'vavQmufaompum;udkMum;awmfrl

vQif ,dk;',m;rif;ESifh tdrfa&SUrif;udk pD;jrJ;eif;jrJ;tpD;teif;ESifhaqmifjrJ;aom taqmifta,mifESifh
xGufvSmap[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;q&mwdkU jyefaví trdefUawmfMum;vQif ,dk;',m;rif;
ESifh om;tdrfa&SU jAr[defvnf;qifjzLaygufESpfpD;/ qifjzLrwpD;/ aygif;qifjzLokH;pD;ESifhwuG txl;xl;
aomykqdk;aumif; ç ouúvyftpdef; ç ywåKeDç cgomç yifuç aZmfu&wfç rl&Dç od*ØZmç arma,mfç
eHUomeDç eHUomjzLç u&rufç tausmfç prÜmç zkH;rodef; ç tefywfç ESif;&nfç b,maq;rsm;pGmvufaqmif
awmf,lí pD;jrJ;eif;jrJ;aomtpD;teif;aqmifjrJ;aom taqmifta,mifESifh trª;trwftaygif;0ef;&Hí
ouú&mZf (925)udk;&mhESpfq,fhig;ck waygif;vqef;&Spf&uf aomMumaeU NrdKUwGif;uxGufonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf wJ;awmfOD;rm&bifwGif usnf;wHcg;xm;awmf
rlí rm&bifwHcg;jrif 15-awmifcefUwGifESD;acgufzsmxufoifjzLtem;rGef;cif;íxm;onf/ om;tdrfa&SU
rif;ae&mudkvnf; ,dk;',m;rif;ESifh 5 - axmifcefUcGgícif;&onf/
,if;urS NrdKUom;awfr[mOy&mZm nDawmf jynfbk&if awmifilbk&if t0bk&iftp&dSaom
apmfbGm;apmfuef rª;awmfrwfawmfa'gAnm;taygif;wdkUudk ae&mpOftwdkif;csawmfrlíaeapNyD;rS,dk;',m;
bk&if udk0if;awmfwHcg;jyifa0g&SOfí ouf&onf/ &mZoMuøESifh pE´&mMuyfrí wJ;awmfOD;ae&mwdkifvdkuf
&onf/ ,dk;',m;rif;om;awmf tdrfa&SUrif;udkrlum; a0gr&SOf&/ 0if;awmfjyifuonf wJ;awmfOD;wdkif
&mZwrefESifh ykna,mf"mudk Muyfr&onf/ ,dk;',m;bk&iftaqmifta,mifudkrlum; taqmifudkifwdkU
wufírwnf&/ 0if;awmfwGifwJ;awmfatmufuem;wGifae&onf/
jrefrmrª;om; rwfom;wdkUtaqmifta,mifudk,lí ,kd;',m;rif;ae&mrSmwnfh&onf/ ,dk;',m;
rif;udkvnf; ae&mwGif xyf0,fbGJUíae&onf/
,if;odkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS rm&bifwHcg;udkbGifhawmfrlí wHcg;wGif;u ovGefawmfESifhae
awmfrlonf/ xGufawmfrlaomcg ,dk;',m;rif;&dSrcdk;&/ vuf&Sufíomae&onf/
,if;odkUrS þodkUtrdefU&dSonf/ igodkUaomig;yg;ESifh jynfhpkHaom rif;{u&mZfvkyfMuH&onfudk
ZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f b,fjynfaxmifrif;onf cH0hHrnfenf;[ktrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;vnf; bkef;
awmfwef;cdk;awmfBuD;jrwfawmfrlaom rif;jzpfí rsufESm,Sofí rwdkuf0Hh&dSacsonf[k em;awmfavQuf
onf/
,if;okdUrS vufaqmifawmfudk odrf;apí ,dk;',m;rif; udk,frSpí om;awmf orufawmf nD
trª;trwfwdkUudk opömay;&onf/ opömawmfay;NyD;vQif ,dk;',m;bk&ifom;jAr[defudk ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk
ay;awmfrlonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;oruf ydóavmufpm;udkvnf; ydóavmufNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/
aomuúwJ;NrdKUudkpm;aom ,kd;',m;rif;nDudkvnf; pmjrJ;pm;[lí taqmifta,mifESifhwuGay;awmfrl
onf/ ydwfpJ;NrdKUudkpm;aom ,dk;',m;rif;nDtvwfudk pm;jrJ;pm;[lí taqmifta,mifESifhwuGay;
awmfrlonf/
 304 - ,dk;',m;jynfüpHaeaomrif;wdkUtaMumif;

'Gg&0wD rnfaom ,dk;',m;jynfMuD; taMumif;um ouú&mZf 710-wGif jA&mZd"dywdtrnf&dS

aomrif;onf wnfaxmifpjyKonf/ jA&mZ"dywdpnf;pdrf 20 - ouú&mZf 730 - wGif tedpöa&mufí
om;awmfjA&mrmoGefrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ jA&mroGef;pnf;pdrf 10 - ouú&mZf 740 - wGif tedpöa&muf
í om;awmf y&r&mZm rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ y&r&mZm pnf;pdrf 9-ESpf/ ouú&mZf 749 - tedpöa&muf
vQif om;awmf r[m"r®&mZm rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ r[m"r®&mZm pnf;pdrf 19 - ESpf/ ouú&mZf 768
cktedpöa&mufvQif om;awmf jApuúywfrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ jApuúywfpnf;pdrf 6 - ESpf/ ouú&mZf
774 cktedpöa&mufvQif om;awmfayg&[HoH rif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ ayg&[HoH pnf;pdrf 37- ouú&mZf
811 - ckwGif tedpöa&mufí om;awmf y&r&mZm"d&mZmrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/ y&r&mZm"d&mZm pnf;pdrf
38 ouú&mZf 840 - ckwGiftedpöa&mufvQif om;awmfy&rwdavmurif;jzpfawmfrlonf/y&rwdavmu
pnf;pdrf 4 - ouú&mZf 853 -cktedpöa&mufvQifom;awmfjA&mrm"dywdrif;jzpfawmfrlonf/jA&mrm"dywd
pnf;pdrf 17 - ouú&mZf 870-wGif tedpöa&mufí om;awmf jAom"d&mZmrif;jzpfawmfawmfrlonf/
jAom"d&mZm pnf;pdrf 33 - ouú&mZf 903 - ckwGif tedpöa&mufí om;awmf jAoD&d'k,rHrif;jzpfawmf
rlonf/ jAoD&d'k,rH pnfpdrf 1 - ouú&Zf 904 - ckwGif tedpöa&mufír,fawmfrdbk&m; rif;jyKawmfrl
onf/ rdbk&m;pnf;pdrf wESpf/ ouú&mZf 905 ckwGif tedpöa&mufvQif om;awmf jAom"d&mZmrif;jzpf
awmfrlonf/ jAom"d&mZm eef;wufí 5 ESpf/ ouú&mZf 910 - wGif[Hom0wDu rif;w&m;a½TxD;csD
awmfrlívkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ ta&;awmfNyD;vQif wESpf&dSvQif rif;w&m;a&TxD;tedpöa&mufawmfrlí jcm;
em;avonfudk ouú&mZf 925 - ckwGif wGif qifjzLqifeDrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;Bud;bk&m;onf
wdkif;BuD;jynfBuD; taygif;xD;aqmifrif;wumwdkUESifhwuG csDawmfrlí vkyfMuHawmfrlvQif bkef;vuf½kH;
tmPmESifh jynfhpkHawmfrlaom rif;wdkU\ ae&mjzpfaom 'Gg&0wDtrnf&dSaom ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk vuf0g;jy
umatmifjrifawmfrlonf/
,if;odkUrS ,dk;',m;rif;BuD; om;awmf jAr[defudk xD;jzLrudk#frif;ajr§mufwef;qm 5 - yg;ESifh
wuG rif;aqmifrif;a,mif rif;crf;rif;em;ay;awmfrlí ,dk;',m;NrdKUudkvnf;ay;awmfrlonf/ ,dk;',m;
rif;BuD;ESifh om;ti,fjA&mroGefç trwfBuD;aMomufjApudú qifjzL 4- pD;udkrlum; ,lawmfrlcJhíajc&if;
awmfrSm jrJ;&onf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUtcGefrSm wESpfudk wdkufqif 30/ aiG 300weoFm&DoabFmtaumufcGef
udk ESpfpOfquf&onf/ ,kd;',m;NrdKUwGif&dSaom yef;wdrfç yef;yJ; ç yef;wOf; ç yef;ykç yef;yGwfç yef;csDç
yef;½GJ; ç yef;awmhç yef;w,m; obifonfç qifaq;orm; ç jrif;aq;orm; ç vuform;-ydókumç
qHxkH;,uifwwfoolç txkHeHUomwwfoolç yef;qdk;e,fEkwwfoolç tausmftavSmftaygiftuspf
wwfoolç onfolwdkUudk a½G;,lawmfrlí om;r,m;ESifhwuGtoD;oD;[Hom0wDodkUydkUawmfrlí tuGuf
t&yfcsawmfrlí ae&onf/
,dk;',m;NrdKUwGif&dSaom bk&m;*lausmif; wefaqmif; p&yfa[mif; EGrf;NydKysufavonfrsm;udk
vnf; vkyfaqmifjyifqifpdrfhrnf[lí aiG 300 - ,dk;',m;rif;udktyfawmfrlonf/ yOöif;vnf;oufawmf
aphcHawmfrlí oCFmvnf; w&myifhí qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ y&du©m&Spfyg;vnf; tpkHvªawmfrl
onf/
 305 - ,dk;',m;rif;uorD;awmfESifh
rif;crf;rif;em;rsm;qufjcif;

,if;odkUrS ,dk;',m;rif;u cspfMunfav;jrwfvSpGmaom orD;ESifhwuG a&Tydómw&mvkyfaom

rif;aqmifrif;a,mifrif;crf;rif;em; aiG 100/ qifaumif; 10 qufjyefonf/ om;awmfr[mOy&mZm
nDawm awmifilrif; ç jynfrif;ç t0rif;wdkUudkvnf; qifjrif; a&TaiG t0wftpm;txdkuftavsmufay;
onf/ þodkU ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí ouú&mZf 925 - ck wefcl;vjynfhausmf 2 -&uf
t*FgaeU ,dk;',m;ujyefawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 926 - e,kefvqef; 6 -&uf [Hom0wDa½Teef;awmfodkU
a&mufawmfrlonf/
oDwif;uRwfvqef; 9 - &ufaeU &mZa'0D&Sifrdbk&m; ewfjynfpHawmfrlonf/ xdktcdkufwGif
ajrBuD; ivsifjyif;pGmvIyfí '*kHqHawmf&Sifç a½Tarmfawm r[mapwDç usdKufudktp&dSaom wvdkif;jynfwGif
bk&m;*lausmif;NydKysufonfrsm;\/ &Sifrdbk&m;tedpöa&mufí 7 -&ufwdkifwdkif; ajrivsifvIyf\/ qifjzL
rsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; NydKysufavaom bk&m;*lausmif;wdkUudk vkyfpdrfhrnf[lí
Anm;£E´ç Anm;y&Hç b,oMuøç wmaemonftrwf 4 -a,mufudk wdkufawmfu aiGw&mxkwfí
tkwfbdk;p&dwfay;awmfrlonf/ Zif;r,fodkU csDawmfrrlcif '*kHqHawmf&Sif r[mapwDonf bk&m;ESpfqludk
vkyf&onf/
,if;odkUrS qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; om;awmf r[mOy&mZmtp&dSaom
rª;awmf rwfawmf taygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlí ,ckZif;r,frif;onf ighvufeufEdkifiHawmfjzpfNyD;rS
aomif;usef;ykefuefavonf/ ta&;awmfrSm tpfudk,fwdkUpdwfwGif yodkUxifoenf;[lí rdefUawmf&dS
onf/ ,if;aomtcg om;awmf r[mOy&mZmavQmufonf/ Zif;r,frif;onf ,dk;',m;rif;odkUaemuf
awmfrvdkufaeav&mrSm ,dk;',m;NrdKUudkvkyfMuHawmfrlaomfvnf; &Edkifrnfr[kwf/ ,dk;',m;udkr&vQif
,dk;',m;rif;onf igESifh wcsufwnf;ightaqGcifyGef;&if;jzpfonf/ igjcm;em;í [Hom0wDucsDvSmvQif
,kd;',m;rif;onf iguulnDvrnf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; ulnDvrnf/ þodkUxifaomaMumifh jcm;em;
rdavonf/ ,lckcsDawmfrlvQif cH0Hhrnfrxif[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
r[mOy&mZm avQmufaompum;udk pkuúaw;Mum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/
Zif;r,frif;onf txufuvkyfMuHawmfrlí vufeufEdkifiHawmfjzpfonfrSpí aomif;usef;ykefuefrnf
udkomMuHíaeavonf/ ,ck,dk;',m;NrdKUudk vkyfMuHawmfrlí vufeufEdkifiHawmfjzpfaomfvnf; vif;Zif;
jynfBuD; v0dkufjynfBuD;wdkUonf olESifhwcsufxnf;jzpfavonf/ vif;Zif;jynf v0dkufjynfwdkUonf
vnf;qifaumif;jrif;aumif; ol&J;olcufaygif;rsm;vSonf/ ayghayghavsmhavsmhrav;rpm;rrloifhacs/
,dk;',m;NrdKUudk vkyfMuHawmfrlouJhodkU qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh pnf;pnf;MuyfMuyfcsDawmfrlrSoifhrnf[l
íem;awmfavQmufonf/
 306 - Zif;r,fukefuef&modkUcsDwufawmfrlykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;onf pkuúaw;avQmufaom ta&;udkBudKufawmfrlí

Zif;r,fodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlonfum; - rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; wwyfç rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;w
wyfç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;wwyfç tkef;aygifapmfbGm;wwyfç oDaygapmfbGm;wwyfçanmifa½TapmfbGm;wwyfç
rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;wwyfç oD[yawh wwyfç rif;ausmfxifwwyfç orufawmf t0bk&if owkd;rif;apm
wwyfç onfq,fwyfwGifygonf wdkufqifig;&mç jrif;ajcmufaxmifç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;
ESifh owdk;rif;apmudk AdkvfcsKyfcefUawmfrlí rdk;eJ;aMumif;Zif;r,fodkUcsD&onf/
ajc&if;awmfu csD&aom wyfpOfum; vuf0J;&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç &mZwrefjrif;wyfçwk&if&mZmjrif;
wyfç eE´odOönf;jrif;wyfç wk&ifAvjrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm aersdK;ausmfxifwwyfç ordef;&J;oif;&H w
wyfç eE´oMuøwwyfç Anm;usef;axmwwyfç oa&pnfolwwyfç Anm;'vwwyfç oD&aZ,sausmf
xifwwyfç Anm;pufwwyfç pnfolausmfxifwwyfç om;awmfr[mOy&mZmwwyfç jrif;wyf 5 wyf
ESifh wyfaygif; 15 -wyfwGifygonf/ wdkufqif 500 jrif; 6000 ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh
vufsmaMumif;csD&onf/
vufsma,mf"mjrifwyfç b,&mZmjrif;wyfç wk&ifod'd¨jrif;wyfçwk&ifyknmjrif;wyfçppfwk&if*Fol
jrifwyfç qifwyfrSm eE´ausmfxif wwyfç ordefoHus,fwwyfç ocF,mwwyfç ordef,dku&wfwwyfç
rif;r[mwwyfç tJ;rGefw&mwwyfç eE´ausmfolwwyfç ordefoHvdkufwwyfç b,ausmfxifwwyfç
nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmwwyfç jrif;wyf 5 -wyfESifh wyfaygif; 12 - wyfwGifygonf/
wdkufqif ig;&mç jrif;ajcmufaxmifç ppfonfol&J; wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh tv,faMumif;csD&onf/
vufsm&J;wdkifjrif;wyfç vuf0J;b,jrif;wyfç aZ,swrefjrif;wyfç vufsmwk&ifjrif;wyfç
wk&ifa,mf"mjrif;wyfç qifwyfrSm aZ,sausmfxifwwyfç ordefZdwfyGefwwyfç b,ausmfolwwyfç
ordefaigcGifwwyfç &mZoMuøwwyfç Anm;jzwfpwwyfç ouf&Snfausmfxifwwyfç Anm;avmwwyfç
eE´a,mf"mwwyfç nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgif wwyf jrif; 5 wyfESifhwuG wyfaygif; 15 wyf
wGifygonf/ wdkufqif ig;&mç jrif;ajcmufaxmifç Adkvfwodef;ESpfaomif;ESifh vuf0J;aMumif;csD&onf/
wk&ifodOönf;jrif;wyfç wk&ifa'0jrif;wyfç a'0ol&jrif;wyfç ol&d,ur®mjrif;wyfç *ZoD&d jrif;
wyfç qifwyfrSm ,dk;',m;rif; oruf Mo,m"r®&mZmwwyfç aZ,soMuøwwyfç Mo,mok0Pöavmuf
wwyfç oufawmf&Snfwwyfç Mo,maomuúwJ;wwyfç oD&daZ,saemf&xmwwyfç Mo,mydwfpJ;wwyfç
pwkumrPdwwyfç rif;&J;ocF,mwwyfç wlawmfom,m0wD rif;&J;ausmfxif wwyfjrif;wyfig;wyfESifh
wuG wyfaygif; 15 - wyfwGifygonfhwdkufqifig;&mçjrif;ajcmufaxmifçppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;
ESifh £E´*D&duonf Zif;r,fodkUcsD&onf/
a'0om& jrif;wyfç aZ,swk&ifjrif;wyfç a'0b,jrif;wyfç wk&ifausmfjrif;wyfç a'0oD&djrif;
wyf qifwyfrSm vufsm&EÅolwwyfç ordefvuGef;tdefwwyfç b,umrPdwwyfç ordefaZmfu&wfw
wyf ç aersdK;ocF,mwwyfç rif;&J;vkvifwwyfç eE´rdefwwyfç ausmfxifwwyfç ordeftJ;y&J;wwyfç
aZ,sumrPdwwyf jrifwyf 5 - wyfESifh wuG b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; wyfawmfESifh wyfaygif; 15
wyfwGifygonf/ wdkufqif ckESpf&mç jrif;ig;axmifç ppfonfol&J; wodef;iga;omif;ygonf/
wyfrawmfwGif 0if;awmfav;rsufESmom;udk a½T'kdif; ç a½TvTm; ç a½Tumç a½TvSHESifhcsnf;pGJ;&onf/ a&SU
awmfu qifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfwaomif;ESifh eE´b,ausmfxifudkwyfrª; b,eE´oludk ppfuJ;cefU
awmfrlonf/
 vufsmawmfu wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfwaomif; ç ouf&Snfausmfxifudk wyfrª;cefU
í aZ,s&EÅrdwfudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
vuf0J;awmfu wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfwaomif; ç O'defausmfxifudk wyfrª;
b,eEÅrdwfudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
aemufawmfu wdkufqifw&mç jrif;waxmifç Adkvfwaomif;vufsmaZ,soMuøudkwyfrª;eE´oD[
udk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
ukvm;waxmifwdkUudkvnf; OD;&pfcg;pnf; pnf;apNyD;vQif aoewfpGJ;apí qifawmfa&SUaemuf
eHyg;ESpfbufvdkuf&onf/
ukvm;bk&if*sDwdkUudkvnf; pdefajymif;pGJ;apí vuf0J;ufsma&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/
Anm;£E´wwyfç Anm;y&Hwwyf ç w&zsm;wwyfç wmaemufwwyfç b,oMuøwwyf onf
5 wyftvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG [Hom0wDa½TNrdKUawmfudk tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlí a½Tarmawmbk&m;
r[mapwDbk&mNydKysufonfudk vkyf&pf&onf/
odkU pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí ouú&mZf (926) udk;&mESpfq,fhajcmufck wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf
4 -&uf weif;vmaeU [Hom0wDu csDawmfrlí ]]aZ,sompnf}}[laom wyfawmfwGif csawmfrlonf/
,if;uonf ,Gef;pvif;wdkif 11-pcef;csDawmfrlonf/ ,if;u vykwdkif 22pcef;csDawmfrlí]]&efjrpfwGif}}
[laom wyfawmfwGifcsawmfrlonf/ þodkUajrBuD;txlESifhwlaom qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifhcsDvSmaMumif;udk
Zif;r,fuMum;vQifZif;r,frif;Zif;aoOfpm;Zif;aoOfvkHcHoolçvuGef;pm;oHvHcHoolçwk½dkifpm;wdkUonf
um; - om;r,m;udk,lí Zif;r,fNrdKUuxGufíajy;av\/ Zif;r,frif;vnf; toufaornfudkaMumuf
í qifaumif;av;pD; jrif;aumif; av;pD;ESifh txl;xl;aom w½kyfykqdk; ç odk; ç uwdk;rsm;pGmvufaqmif
,lí qifjzLrsm;ocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;udk uRefawmf taxGt&mr&dSyg/ Zif;aoOfpm; ç vuGef;pm; ç
wk½dkifpm;wdkUom aus;Zl;awmfopömawmfudk aoGzDavonf/ ,ckvnf; csDawmfrlvSmNyD;[lí Mum;vQif rdrd
wdkUtvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG vif;Zif;odkU0ifrnf[lí ajy;avonf taMumif;udk qD;BudKíavQmufvSmonf/
 307 - Zif;r,frif;0ifvmí Zif;aoOfvuGef;pm; wk½dkif;pm;wkdUajy;&m vif;Zif;odkUvdkufykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; &mZ*kPfESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaom {u&mZfjzpf

awmfrlí rnfokdUrQrdefUawmfrrl? vykef;odkU ta&mufcsDawmfrlí rdk;eJ;aMumif;csDvSmaom t0bk&if owdk;
rif;apmudk iHhawmfrlonf/ ig;&ufcefU&dSí orufawmf t0bk&ifwdkUa&mufvQif t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apm
wdkU q,fwyfteuf rdk;rdwfapmfbGm; rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;wdkU okH;wyfudk EIwfawmfrlí ordefvuGef;tdefw
wyf ç b,umrPdwwyf ç rif;&J;vkvif wwyf ç onfokH;wyfudk orufawmfwdkUrSm qyfwyfjynfh
atmifjznfhíwaMumif;/ om;awmfr[mOy&mZmawmfwkdUrSm q,fwyfjynfUatmifjznfhíwaMumif;/ om;
awmfr[mOy&mZmwdkU 15 - wyfrSm waMumif;/ wlawmf om,m0wD rif;&J;ausmfxifwdkU 15 - wyfrSm
waMumif;/ Zif;aoOfpm; ç vuGef;pm; ç wk½dkifpm; wdkUajy;&mokdUokH;aMumif;cGJí vdkuf&onf/ rSmawmfrl
onfum; - vif;Zif;odkU 0ifavonf ighuRefudk vif;Zif;rif;wdkUudk &atmifawmif; ray;vQif vif;Zif;
NrdKUudk &atmifvkyfMuHav[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmfjynfrif; 12-wyfudk vufsm aMumif;/
nDawmf awmifilrif;wdkU 12 - wyfudk vuf0JaMumif;/ b0&Sifw&m;BuD; 15 - wyfrSm tv,f aMumif;
Zif;aoOfodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ Zif;aoOfpm;vnf; rdkif;vkH;awmodkU a&mufvQif vif;Zif;odkUraygif; Edkifí
om;r,m;tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG awmwGif ykef;íaeonfudk olvQdKwdkUavQmufvSmí Mum;awmfrlvQif
nDawmfawmifilrif;rif;acgifwdkU 15 - wyfudk rdkif;vkHawmodkUtvsifcsDí brf;&avonf/ Zif;aoOfpm;
vnf; ajy;aomfvnf;rvGefEdkif&m trSwf&dSí qifaumif;ESpfpD;udk vufaqmifawmfjyKí b0&Sifrif;w&m;
BuD;udk uRefawmf taxGt&mr&dSyg aMumufvSaomaMumifhom ykef;íaeygonf[k em;awmfavQmuf
onf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; rif;\w&m;q,fyg;wGif ]]taum"H}}[laom
ygXfawmfESifh tnDtrsufawmfudkcsKyfawmfrlí ]]cEåD}}[laom ygXfawmfESifh tnDonf;cHawmfrlí Zif;aoOf
pm; toufudk vTwfawmfrlonf/ ta>ct&Hudkrlum; - tpkpkcGJí xm;awmfrlNyD;vQifZif;aoOfpm;udk om;
r,m;ESifhwuG ajc&if;awmfwGif opömawmfay;í xm;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS Zif;aoOfodkUta&mufcsD
awmfrlí ]]&efvkH;xdyfwif}}[laom wyfawmfwGifcsíaeawmfrlonf/
,if;odkUrS nDawmfjynfbk&if 15 - wyfudk Zif;½kH;odkUcsD&onf/ 5 -pcef;a&mufvQifopömawmf
udkcHrnfavm/ ppfvnf;NydKifrnfavm[lí Zif;½kH;odkUpmESifhapawmfrlonf/ Zif;½kH;pm;vnf;pmudkMum;vQif
apolwdkUudkowfíypf\/ xdktaMumif;udk owdk;"r®&mZmMum;awmfrlvQif Zif;½kH;odkU aeUnOfhrqdkcsDí
a&mufawmfrlvQif tqnf;twm;r&dS ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHvkyfMuHawmfrlonf/ Zif;½kH;NrdKUrcHEdkifí ysufvQif Zif;½kH;
pm;vnf; om;r,m;ESifhwuG xGufíajy;av\/ qifaumif;jrif;aumif; ol&J;olcufaumif;ESifh wNrdKU
vkH;udk&awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrQif &orQ odrf;,lawmfrlí Zif;aoOfodkUjyefawmfrlMuonf/ a&mufvQif
&onf qifjrif;vloltaygif;udk vufaqmifawmfqufonf/qifjzLrsm;ocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;
vnf; tm;&awmfrlí nDawmfjynfbk&if paom 15 - wyfvkH;wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudk taqmift
a,mif pm;aus;pm;vuf txdkuftavsmufay;awmfrlonf/
,if;odkU Zif;aoOfwGif aeawmfrlcdkuf oEDéapmfbGm;onf apmfbGm;taygif;wdkUaemufawmfvdkuf&
onf/ igonf opömawmfESifhjzpfonf/ raeaumif;acs trSwf&dSí wdkifqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif aemuf
awmfvdkufvSmí Zif;aoOfodkUa&mufvSmonf/
 usdKif;wkHpm;vnf; odEéDapmfbGm;aemufawmf vdkufvSmaMumif;udk Mum;vQif igvnf;raeaumif;
acs t,l&dSíwdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif;ESifh aemufawmfvdkufrnf[lí Zif;aoOfodkU
a&mufvSmonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; apmfbGm;ESpfOD;a&mufvSmaMumif;udkar;awmfrl
vQif uRefawmfwdkUonf aus;Zl;opömawmfESifhjzpfí b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;csDawmfrlonf[k Mum;vQifrae0Hh
í tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG toufudkpGefUítrIawmfudkxrf;ygrnf/ a&Tb0g;awmfatmufodkU a&mufygonf
[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; tpfudkwdkUjynf½Gmonf
w½kyfwdkUaus;pyfjzpfí aemufawmfvdkufrac:racsonf/ ,ckvnf; ajrBuD;txkESifhwlaom &J;ruft
aygif;ESifh igcsDawmfrlvQif Zif;r,fpm;udkxm;cJhí Zif;aoOfpm; ç vuGef;pm; ç Zif;½kH;pm; wdkUonf NrdKUu
xGufíajy;Muavonf/ Zif;r,fpm;ESifh Zif;aoOf;pm;udkrlum; ig&awmfrlonf[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif
qkvmbf taqmifta,mif ay;awmfrlí tpfudkwdkUNrdKUonf EdkifiHawmfaus;pGef½Gmem;jzpfonf/ tvsif
jyefMuav/ jynfa&;½GmrI&dSvQif avQmufvSmap[lí rSmawmfrlNyD;vQif odEéDapmfbGm; ç usdKif;wkHapmfbGm;
wdkUudkvTwfawmfrljyef&onf/
 308 - Zif;r,fwGifaecdkuf [Hom0wDrSm&Srf;olykefx<uykH

,if;odkUrS Zif;aoOfuonf Zif;r,fodkUjyefawmfrlí ,Gef;jynf tvkH;wGif jynfa&;½GmrIwdkUudk

pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlpOf aejynfawmf [Hom0wDrSm &Srf;jynft&yf&yfu,lcJhaom okHUvltaygif;wdkUonf
wcsufwnf;½kH;pkí &Srf;tBuD;wa,mufudk ]]Anm;usef;axm}}[laomtrnfudkorkwfí aomif;usef;
ykefuefav\/ Anm;usef;axm cHoolvnf; qifjrif;vufeufud&d,m &orQudkodrf;,lí &yfpGefjynf
em; aus;pGef&GmvufwdkUudk wdkufzsufNyD;vQif pnf;pdrfOpömvlolwdkUudk odrf;,lí t½kH;wdkufrnfpD&ifMu
onf/ [Hom0wDNrdKU0ef;usifwGif&dSaom vl &[ef; taygif;wdkUonfvnf; olykefwdkUtm;BuD;onfudkodí
NrdKUjyifwGif rae0HhíNrdKUwGif;odkUcsnf;0ifvSmaomaMumifh tpm;taomufqGHU&Sm;í temtzsm;rsm;ukef\/
,if;aomtcg [Hom0wDwGif apmifhaeaom Anm;£E´ ç Anm;y&H ç w&zsm; ç wmaem ç
b,oMuø trwfwpkvnf; pnf;½kH;í wdkifyifMuonf/ ,ckolykefwdkUvnf; tvkH;pkHwcsufwvufxnf;
jzpfí NrdKUudkwdkufrnf,ckcsDvSmonf/ tiftm;rsm;vSonfMum;onf/ qifvkH;jrif;&if;pD&ifí wdkuf&aomf
vnf; oifhrnfavm/ &Sifrdbk&m;paom om;awmforD;awmf udk,fvkyfarmif;rwdkUudk auwkrwDodkUydkUNyD;
rS wdkuf&aomf oifhrnfavm[lí wdkifyifEdIif;&SnfMuonf &dSaomf ,if;aomtcg wmaem[laomtrwf
þodkUqdkonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; t0udkatmifjrifawmfrlvQif t0bk&if e&ywdpnfoludk,l
awmfrlí ajc&if;awmfrSm jrJ;&onf/ xdkrif;udk EIwfa&;jzifhvnf;aumif; ç vufa&;jzifhvnf;aumif; ç
jrefrmtaygif; &Srf;taygif;wdkU ,kHMunfukefonf/ xdkrif;udkac:í wdkifyifaomf oifhrnfxifonf[lí
qdkonf/
trª;trwftaygif;wdkUvnf; oabmwlí e&ywdpnfoludk vTwfawmfudk csDyifhNyD;vQif Anmy&H
þodkUqdkonf/ igwdkUocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; [Hom0wDrS taMumif;udk odawmfrrlav/
,ck&Srf;olykefwdkUonf tiftm;BuD;vSonf/ eufzefNrdKUudkwufvSmrnf[lí Mumonf/ qifvkH;jrif;&if;
pD&ifí tEdkifwdkuf&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm/ &Sifrdbk&m;tp&dSaom om;awmforD;awmf ukd,fvkyfarmif;
rtaygif;wdkUudk auwkrwDodkUydkUNyD;rS jyefí wdkuf&aomfvnf;oifhrnfavm[lí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;onf
udk/ e&ywdpnfolu þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ onfrQcefUudk rif;rsm;½GHUMuukefonfavm/rif;w&m;a&TxD;
vufxufawmfüvnf; {u&mZfrif;&dSvsufudkyif onfuJhodkU olykefjzpfbl;avNyD;onf/,ckoif;wdkUonf
olykefr[kwf/ rk'def;wEårQomjzpfonf/ olykefwkdU\ oabmum; - qifcsif;awGUavaomfvnf; qif
csif; Edkifatmifwdkufonf/ NrdKUucHaomfvnf; NrdKUudkEdkifatmifwdkufonf/ olwdkUNrdKUucHaomcgvnf;
toufudkpGefUícHonf/ þodkUaom t*FgESifhjynfhpkHaom olwdkUudkom olykef[líqdkonf/ &Sifrdbk&m;p
aom om;awmf orD;awmfwdkUudk auwkrwDodkUydkUNyD;rS jyefíwdkufrnfqdk&mrSm rif;w&m;udk,fawmfvnf;
r&dS/ &mZ0wfaMumif;vnf;roifhacs[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/
Anm;y&H ç wmaemwdkUvnf; rif;BuD;oifhatmifpD&ifawmfrlyg[líqdkpukef\/ e&ywdpnfol
vnf; þodkUrdefUawmfrljyefonf/ olykefwdkUwdkufrnfvmaomtcg ajcvufnHhaom qifjrif;wdkUudk a&SUjy
íxm;NyD;vQif a0SUpl;rnf qifaumif; jrif;aumif; ç ol&J;olcufaumif;wdkUudk awmuaeap igwdkU qD;
BudKíwdkufvQif oif;wdkUcHEdkifrnfavm[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUrS w&zsm;[laom trwfudk qifnHh
ESifh ]]arm0&0Z,}}[laomt&yfodkUcsDapí cH[efjyK&onf/
 309 - &Srf;olykefwdkUudktif;0e&ywdpnfolwdkufykH

e&ywdpnfolwwyf ç wmaemwwyf ç onfESpfwyfrlum; - qifaumif; ç jrif;aumif; ç ol&J;

olcufaumif;ESifh ]]armorm}} olaomt&yfu onf ]]wGHy}}[laomt&yfudkc&D;udkBudKí awmuaeav
\/ olykefwdkUvnf; w&zsm;udkwdkUrnf[lí csDvSmonfudk e&ywdpnfol&wemajymifausmf[laom
qifudkpD;íwdkufonf/ wmaemewfor*Fvm[laom qifudkpD;íwdkufonf/ olykefwdkUvnf; tpkpkuGJ;í
ysufav\/ vlvnf;av;&mausmfig;&mcefUaoavonf/ t&Sifvnf; waxmifausmf&onf/ olykefwdkU
vnf; om;udkt&yf/ bk&m;udk;aomif;t&yf/ a'0'wftavmif;t&yf onft&yfü opfwyfESifhcsnf;
wpkpkaeavukefonf/
e&ywdpnfolESifhwmaemvnf; qifvkH;jrif;&if; ESifhNrdKUuxGufí wdkufjyefonf/ olykefwdkUysufí
awmodkUajy;av\/ ,if;aomtcg olykefwdkUqD;umí&dSaomaMumifh [Hom0wDu b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
bk&m;odkU oHra&mufEdkifí&dSacsonf/
 310 - Zif;r,f&dS rif;w&m;BuD;u [Hom0wDodkUapcefUykH

NrdKifNrdKUudkpm;aom Oykwfr,m;onf olykefwdkUudkaMumufí Zif;r,faus;odkUajy;avonf/ xdku

avQmufí qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sif;rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; Mum;awmfrlvQif reDNrdKUudkpm;aom
tavmufiHh[laom trwfudk qifajcmufpD; vl&Spf&mESifh pkHprf;acs[lí tvsifapawmfrlonf/ tavmuf
iHhwdkUwdkufukvm;odkUa&mufvQif wdkufukvm;wGif aeaom olykefwdkUwdkufonf tavmufiHvnf;qkH;acs
onf/ qifajcmufpD;ESifh vl&Spf&mudkvnf; olykefwdkU&avonf/
tavmufiHudk apawmfrlaom taMumif;udk Mum;awmf rrl&/ oHvsifNrdKUudkpm;aom ppfwk&*Fol
udk wdkufqif okH;&m Adkvf 2- aomif;ESifhapawmfrljyefonf/ ppfwk&*Folvnf; ppfawmif;udk rul;&acs/
Anm;usef;axmcHaom olykeftBuD;qD;í wdkufavaomaMumifh acg[laomt&yfu ul;onfudk qD;BudK;
íwdkufjyefavaomaMumifh qiftpD; 30- udk cRef;bGifhum vTwfíwdkufonf/ olykefBuD; Anm;usef;
axmcHolaoav\/ t&Sifvnf; ig;&mausmfcefU&onf/ ,if;odkUrS c&D;aygufí ppfwk&*fol [Hom0wD
odkUa&mufEdkifonf/ olykefwdkUvnf; pnf;a0;jyefí ]]raumf}}wGif ppfwyfwnfíaejyefonf/ xdktaMumif;
rsm;udk [Hom0wDrif;rsm;Mum;vQif ppfwk&ifuolwwyf ç wmaemwwyf ç e&ywdpnfol wwyf onf
okH;wyfudkcsDí wdkufjyefonf/ twdkufrcH0Hh 'vodkUajy;av\/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; Zif;r,fNrdKUwGif&dSaom trª;trwfwdkUudk
opömawmfay;NyD;vQif Zif;r,fNrdKUudk r[ma'0Dudkay;awmfrlonf/ Anm;oHvHudk Anm;aoOfvkHt&mudk
ay;awmfrlonf/ Anm;Asnf;udkvnf; AnmoHvHt&mudkay;awmfrlonf/ ajc&if;awmfu pG,f&oif&H
udkvnf; Anm;Aeft&mudkay;awmfrlonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;oruf Mo,m"r®&mZmudkvnf; vTwfawmfrlí
ydóavmufukdjyef&avonf/ Zif;r,fESifh Zif;aoOfpm;udkrlum; om;r,m;ESifhwuGajc&if;awmfodkUac:
awmfrlonf/ Zif;r,fwGif&dSaom qifaumif;jrif;aumif; ol&J;olcufaumif;wdkUudkvnf; pDppfí odrf;,l
awmfrlonf/ þodkU Zif;r,f 57 - NrdKUtvkH;udk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí ouú&mZf (927) udk;&mESpfq,fh
ckESpfck uqkefvqef; 12 - &uf t*FgaeU Zif;r,fu [Hom0wDaejynfawmfudk jyefawmfrlonf/ e,kef
vqef; 10 - &ufaeUt*FgaeU [Hom0wDodkUa&mufawmfrlonf/
rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;udkvnf; 'vwGif olykefwdkU&dSonfudk uRefawmfwdkufí qufygrnfavQmuf
onfudk oif;wdkUonf olykefr[kwf okH;&cH&aom olUaus;olUuRefwdkUonf vkyf0efb@mrcH0Hhaom
aMumifh raumif;aom tMuHtpnfudkMuHpnfavonfomjzpfonf[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/
olykefwdkU rD;wdkufavonfum; - r[mapwD aumif;rIawmfwGif a&Tp&yfESpfaqmif 0ef;usifodrf
p&yf ta&SUawmifaxmifhu ausmif;&H 20 ESifh a&Tausmif; ç &Sifo'¨wm0Dausmif; ç t&Sifomoe"&
r[momrdwausmfi ç t&SiftbduauFw wausmif; ç aZmwd,m&H wausmif;onfausmif;rsm;udkvnf;
ausmif;&HESifhwuG rD;wdkufavonf/ "r®apwDrif; aumif;rIawmfbk&m; wefaqmifudk rD;wdkufavonf/
a&obifcHawmfrlaomcg aeawmfrlaom a&Tjymom'fudkvnf; rD;wdkufavonf/
 311 - qifjzLrsm;&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; [Hom0wDNrdKUeef;odkU r0ifbJ; 'vodkUcsDykH

onfrsm;udkjrifawmfrlNyD;vQif trsufawmfjyif;pGm xGufawmfrlí NrdKUwGif;a&Teef;awmfodkU 0ifawmf

rrlbJ; 'vodkUMunf;tm;a&tm;csDawmfrlonf/ 'vodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®
&mZmudk a&aMumif;csDav[k cefUawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; udk,fawmfyif
a&em;wGif ywåjrm;ajceif;ESifh &yfíaevsufpD&ifawmfrlonf/ nDawmfjynfbk&ifwdkUuvnf; 'v
bufodkU a&mufvQif ,if;onfhaeUyif wdkufawmfrlonf/ olykefwdkUysufíajy;av\/ &J;rufawmfMunf;
wyfom;wdkU qD;qíwdkufonf/ tukefysufav\/ vlckESpf&mausmfcefUavmufaoav\/ t&Sifvnf;
vlckESpfaxmifausmf &awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkU ta&;[lorQ ukefpifNyD;vQif okHUvlckESpfaxmifausmfudk odrf;
,lawmfrlí [Hom0wDodkUjyefawmfrlonf/ a&mufawmfrlvQif nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmudk tm;&awmfrlí
aqmifawmfrlaom pm;awmf uGrf;cGuf ç pm;awmfvbuftdk; ç aomufa&awmf waumif;bkH; tpkHay;
awmfrlonf/ olykefBuD;udk owf&aom jrif;awmfonfudkvnf; (oHvsifpm;ppfwk&*Fol)eE´ol[laomt
rnfESifh uGrf;usyf vbuftdk;ESifh uGrf;om,m[laom NrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/ ykqdkaumif; 0wfvkHa&T 5 -
ydóm jrif;BudK;utpkHvnf;ay;awmfrlonf/ aiGudkykHí 7 - BudrfusHK;&onfvnf;qdkonf/ xdkrSwyg; yGJ;
vrf;&oolwdkUudkvnf; txdkuftvsmuftrnft&nftaqmift½Gufaus;&GmNrdKUjyay;awmfrlonf/
 312 - tif;0rif;e&ywdpnfoltm; csDrGrf;íqkay;ykH

e&ywdpnfolvnf; apmifhvSayonf[lí csDrGrf;awmfrlNyD;vQif rif;aqmifrif;a,mif; ESifhwuG

qif a&TBudK;a&Tu ç jrif; a&TBudK;a&Tu tpkH aiGydómokH;q,f qkay;awmfrlonf/ rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;
udkvnf qkcHapawmfrlNyD;vQif om;udk wdkufqifwq,f ç jrif;w&m; ç ta>ct&HAdkvfwaxmifESifh ajc
&if;awmfwGifjrJ;&onf/ rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;wdkUudk qkvmbfawmfcHapNyD;vQif rdrdwdkUNrdKU
odkU jyefMuaponf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; olykefwaomif;ausmfudk pyfBuD;ig;pyfESifh
avSmifí xm;awmfrlonf/ olykefr,m;wdkUudkvnf; pDppfawmfrlí&vQif pyfrSmcsnf;oGif;&onf/ xdkol
ykefwdkUudk [Hom0wDwGif&dSaom jrefrmq&mawmf rGefq&mawmf ,Gef;q&mawmf taygif;wdkU a*gp&uH
jzifhcHí &onfqGrf;udkomay;ípm;&onf/ aeUoü oCFawmf w&myifhí a&Tarmfa"mbk&m;wGif qGrf;
vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg Am;awmfausmif;udk oDwif;okH;aom q&mawmf *kP0Hoyk*¾dKvf
þodkU w&m;a[mawmfrlonf/
 313 - olykefrsm;twGufAm;q&mawmf a[majymykH

a&S;vGefavNyD;aomtcg ykPÖm;wa,mufonf rdrdv,fxGefaomEGm;aysmufí&Sm&mwGif xrif;

iwfrGwfodyfí awmtkyfwckü wnfyifudkawGUaomwufípm;av\/ xdkykPÖm;vnf; wnfyifxufu
avsmíacsmufwckodkUusav\/ urf;jrifhrwufEdkif&dSvQif jyif;pGm[pfausmfíidkjrnfwrf;\/ xdktcg
arsmufBuD;wckonf þoludkigru,fvQif ysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufavwmhrnftMuH&dSíjrifhpGmaom urf;udk
qif;NyD;vQif xdkykPÖm;udkausmfü ydk;apí urf;xdyfodkUa&mufatmif usOf;aqmifav\/ urf;xdyfodkU
a&mufvQif xdkarsmufrif;yifyef;vSaomaMumifh taqGykPÖm; igyifyef;vSonf/ taqG&ifcGifü wcPrQ
tdyfyg&aptaqGapmifhyg[líqdk\/ ykPÖm;vnf;taqGtdyfawmh igapmifhrnfqdkNyD;vQif arsmufrif;vnf;
&ifcGifütdyfav\/ tdyfaysmfaMumif;udkodvQif ykPÖm;þodkUMuH\/ ,ckigEGm;aysufí&Smaomf EGm;aomf
vnf;r&/ tdrfodkUa&mufvQif ighr,mpdwfqdk;vwHhonf/ ighr,m;rsufESmjyKp&mr&dS/ þarsmufonf BuD;
vnf;BuD;vSonf tom;rsm;pGm&rnf/ þarsmufudkowfí rsufESmjyKp&m,lawmhrnfMuHNyD;vQif ausmuf
tkwfcJ;udkaumufí arsmufrif;rsufESma&mifudk ½Gyf½GyfusdK;atmifxkav\/ arsmifrif;aoG;oHwcsif;csif;
ESifh xíMunfhaomf tjcm;&efoludkrjrif ykPÖm;udkjrifav\/ ,if;odkUrS opfyifxufodkUwufí taqG
ykPÖm;um; - ol\aus;Zl;udkrod/ odkUwdkifjyKbdenf;qdk\/ ykPÖmvnf; rdrdt&yfodkUjyefrnfc&D;udkrod/
nOfhtcsdefa&mufvQif usm;pm;vwHhonfudk pdk;&drfaomaMumifh tvGefidka<u;jcif;udkjyK\/ xdktaMumif;udk
arsmufrif;jrifvQif onfykPÖm;onfynmtjrifenf;ooljzpfí rSm;rdavonfudk igc&D;rcsonf&dSaomf
ysufpD;jcif;odkUa&mufavawmhrnftMuH&dSí NyD;vQif taqGykPÖm;ig\ aoG;aygufus&t&yfudkrSwfí
vmayawmh/ rpdk;&drfvifh/ oifhudk igc&D;csrnf[lí ykPÖm;ESpfvkH;udkcdkifapNyD;vQif opfwyifuonf
wyifodkU ckefíaoG;ayguftpOfjzifhc&D;csí c&D;rodkUa&mufav\/
þodkU toufaoaMumif;udk jyKavjim;aomfvnf; tmCmwpdwfr&dSrIí u½kPmpdwfjzifhom
wdkufwGef;bl;av\/ xdkarsmufrif;taMumif;udk axmufawmfrlí omoe'g,umawmfr[m"r®&mZfrif;
jrwfonf 37-yg;aom tavmif;awmfwumudk yGifhawmfrl&mjzpfaom aAm"yud©,w&m;udk tvdkawmf&dS
ítHhbG,fo&J;aomolrcHaomonf;udk cHawmfrl&onf&dSaomf oAÁnKwOmPftxGufodkU rcRwfrvGJ;jynfh
awmfrlrnf[lí a[mawmfrlonf/
 314 - olykefwdkUudk y&d,m,fESifhvTwfykH

qifjzLqifeDrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; q&mawmfwdkUa[mawmfrlaom w&m;

awmfudkMum;awmfrlvQif þodkUtMuHawmf&dSí &cJhaom þoltaygif;wdkUonf tvkH;pkHyif olykefr[kwf/
olykeft&if;wdkUtvkH;t&if;ESifh a&mufvSmí "m;rdk;umnd§qdkvQif aornfudkaMumufí tcsdKUaomolonf
tabmftaygif;jyK&monfomjzpfonf/ tvkH;pkHaomolwdkUukdrpDppfbJ;iguGyfrsufawmfrdacsaomfvmvwHh
aomolwdkUonf rppfraMumuGyfrsufawmfrlvG,favonf[lí urÇmraMuoa&GUO'gef;armfuGef;jzpf
atmif qdk&pfavawmhrnfjzpfonf/ oAÁnKbk&m;ocif a[mawmfrlaom w&m;awmfü vl\tjzpfonf
tvGef&cJ;vSonf/ vl\tjzpfudk &jim;aomfvnf; omoemüMuHKBudKufjzpfjim;&rnf tvGef&cJ;vSonf
[lítMuHawmf&dSNyD;vQif olykeftaygif;wdkUwGif tBuD;acgif;jyKí trnft&nfcHool aus;&Gmpm;í uGyf
uJ;aqmfbefoolwdkUudk ppfaMumav[lí 0efwdkUudk trdefUawmf&dSí ppfaMum&onf/
0efwdkUppfaMumí acgif;tBuD; ckESpfusdyfausmf&onfudkom uGyfrsufawmfrlonf/ xdkrSwyg;
olykefw&mausmfudkrlum; - xkH;pHESifhtnD rD;wdkufrnftjcif;t&mudk jyKapNyD;vQif jrefrmq&mawmf ,Gef;
q&mawmf ç rGefq&mawmf wdkUtm; pum;xm;awmfrlívTwf&onf/ þodkUrif;wumwdkU jyKcJ;vSpGmaom
trIudkjyKNyD;rS olykefwdkUrD;xif;wdkufí ysufpD;avaom bk&m;*lausmif;wdkUudk trª;trwfwdkUtm; toD;
oD; 0efcefUawmfrlívkyfaqmif&onf/ eE´0efO,smOfvnf;wnfawmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf (927) udk;&mhESpfq,fhckESpfck 'kwd,0gqdkvjynfhausmf 5 - &uf? Mumoyaw;awU
a&Tarmfawmbk&m;udkvkyfpjyK&onf/ r[mapwDta&Suraem&r®macsmif;em;u tkyfzdk;rsm;wGif tkwfudka&T
armfawmbk&m;wdkifatmif vrf;ESpfbufwbufwajrmif;pDvlwdkUudkaeapí vufqifhurf;&onf/ yef;
wa&mfwGif bkwfrsm;udkvnf; vrf;eSpfwzufwajrmif;aeapía&Tarmfawmbk&m;wdkifatmif vufqifh
urf;&onf/ bk&m;*lausmif;odrf p&yfysufonfrsm;udk vkyfíNyD;vQif a&Txnfhp&mpm;awmfac:aom
taqmifta,mif rif;crf;rif;em;wdkUudkzsufí a&Tudkudk,fawmfav; 53 - ydómvªawmfrlonf/om;wmf
oCFm'wåudk,fawmfav; a&TESpfq,fa&Tarmfawmbk&m;jrwfpGmrSm a&Txnfhp&mvªawmfrlonf/ olykefwdkU
rD;wdkufaom a&obif a&Tjyom'fESifhwuGqifusHK;udkvnf; vkyfawmfrlonf/
 315 - Zif;r,fuOy&mZmwdkUrdkifpHodkUcsDwufykH

om;awmfOy&mZm orufawmf t0bk&ifowkd;rif;apm wlawmf rif;&J;ausmfxif wdkUjrif;wyf ç

qifwyf ESifh wyfaygif; 42 - wyf Anm;vuGef;pm; okH;OD;wdkU ajy;av&modkU vdkuf&mrSm Anm;vuGef;
onf vif;Zif;odkUa&mufvQif vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfESifh wcsufwnf;opömcHí wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;&Spf
axmif ç ppfonfol&J;ESpfaomif;cefUESifh rdkif;pH[laomNrdKUwGif tcdkifvkHcefUíaeavonf/r[mOy&mZmwdkU
vnf; Zif;r,fNrdKUu 32 - pcef;csDí rdkif;pHodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif r[mOy&mZmrdefUawmfrlonf/ ,ck
igwdkU uRefajy;avaomaMumifh vdkufonfudk vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfonf ta&;t&maomfrqkd/ igwdkU
uRefudkaomfvnf; ray;/ vufwGif;xm;í tcdkifaeonf/ igwdkUta&;t&mqdkaomfvnf; oifhrnf
avm/ ,if;odkUr[kwf tEdkifwdkuf&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm[lí rdefUawmfrlonfudk Anm;'vþodkU
avQmufonf/
,ckZif;r,fu csDawmfrlonf wvausmfcefU&dSNyDjzpfí qifjrif;Adkvfygyifyef;vSonf/ ,ckvnf;
&J;rufawmfwdkU tnDtnGwfra&mufMuao;jzpfonf/ ta&;udkaxmufaom aqmaqm vsifvsif vkyfMuH
&rnfta&;r[kwf/ &yf&yfaeae pnf;pnf;MuyfMuyf ta&;awmfrvpfrvyf&atmif vkyfMuH&rnfta&;
jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkUrSm {nfhonfomjzpfí t&yft&mtpOf;tpm;udkvnf; rodacsao;/ vif;Zif;rif;ESifh
nDOy&mZmwdkU rdkif;pHNrdKUwGifcHae&mrsm qifjrif;Adkvfygenf;aMumif;rsm;aMumif;udkvnf; pkHprf;&OD;rnf[l
íavQmufonf/
Anm;'vavQmufaom ta&;udk t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmMum;vQif þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ ,ck
Anm;'vavQmufaomta&;onf ppfa&;yifjzpfonf/ odkU&mwGif rdkif;pHwGifcHaom vif;Zif;rif;udk
,aeUwdkuf&rSom rdk;aomufrS wdkufrnfqdkvQif rwdkuf&NyD/ nOfhudkxGufajy;avawmhrnf/ txufu
vnf; Zif;aoOfwGifcHaomtcgwdkUcsDvSmonfMum;vQif twdkufrcHxGufíajy;bl;avNyD;jzpfonf/
 316 - rdkif;pHNrdKUudkwdkuf,lykH

,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,ckvnf; okH;csufwD;tcsdefom jzpfaomonf/ rdkifpHNrdKUudkvkyfMuHaomf

vnf; vkyfMuHrdao;onf/ ,ckyifigwdkufawmhrnfrdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif pD&ifawmfrlí apmfbGm;apmfuefwdkU
q,fwyfom;udk ,ckaeUyif qifjrif;uapawmfrlí qifjrif;csyfwD;ookwfuJhodkUu&onf/owdk;rif;apm
rSm qifawmfoHjrifpGmudk qkH;axG;axG;okwfNyD;vQif a&TBudK;a&Tuwifí pD;awmfrlNyD;rS ppfrsufESmjzefUí
taemufrsufESmuaeawmfrlonf/
r[mOy&mZm rif;&J;ausmfxifwdkU twyfwyfom;vnf; raeomNyD;jzpfí qifjrif;uNyD;vQif
ppfrsufESmjzefUí rdkifpHNrdKUudk 0ef;&Hav\/ ,if;odkUrS tajrmufaoewf azsmfazsmfMuJ;í rD;aygufrdk; &Gmap
NyD;vQif qifonfvnf;qifESifhNrdKUudkwdkufonf/ jrif;onfvnf; jrif;ESifhNrdKU&if;odkU csOf;íwdkufukef\/
ajconfvnf;avSum; wl;½Gif;udkifí NrdKUudkwufukefwl;ukef\/
,if;okdUpOfwGif t0bk&ifowkd;rif;apmvnf; qifawmfoefjrifpGmESifh NrdKUopfwyfudkwdkufawmf
rlonf/ NrdKUxdyfuvSHESifh csavonf/ vufsmaygifawmfudkpl;í qifawmfodkU okH;opf0ifaom[l\/ xdkodkU
pl;aomfvnf;vSHawmfudkEIwfawmfrrl/ vSH½dk;udkvufokH;awmfpGJ;"m;jzifh jzwfíNrdKUudkwdkufawmfrlonf/ opf
wyfwdkifESpfwdkifokH;wdkif;vnf;íqifESifhwuG0ifawmfrlEdkifav\/qifonfjrif;onfwdkUvnf;wdkifvnf;&m
u 0ifukef\/ vif;Zif;trwfwdkU NrdKUwGif;uqD;BudKí qifESifhcHvmonfudk wdkufawmfrlonf/ qifwpD;
ESpfpD;vnf;av\/ ,if;odkUrS &J;rufawmfwdkU tvkH;0ifrdvQif vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfonf ½kH;rdorQaom
qifvkH;jrif;&if;ESifh NrdKUuxGufíajy;av\/ vif;Zif;rif;nD rdkif;pHpm; Oy&mZfESifhwuG trwfokH;usdyf
ausmfudkvnf; &awmfrlonf/ vif;Zif;rdbk&m; jAMunf ¤if;rdbk&m; ,dk;',m;rif;ord; rEl&m ç ¤if;
rdbk&m; usdKif;wkHapmfbGm;orD; oD&drm ç vif;Zif;rif;wlr oD&dvlwmESifhwuG udk,fvkyfawmf Espfusdyf
ausmf&awmfrlonf/ qifav;&mausmf jrif;waxmifausmf rdef;ra,mufsm; vl 5000 ausmfudkvnf;
&awmfrlonf/
þodkU qifwodef;&Sifjzpfawmfrlaomvif;Zif;bk&ifcHESifhonfudkom;awmforufawmfwdkUvkyfMuH
awmfrlonf/ w'*FwcPjcif; vuf0g;jyum atmifjrifawmfrlírdkif;pHwNrdKUvkH;udk&awmfrlonf/,if;odkU
aer0ifcifatmifawmfrlvQif &J;rufawmftaygif;wdkUvnf; rdkif;pHNrdKUwGif&dSaom a&T ç aiG ç aMu; ç oH
t0wftpm;qefa&rsm;pGm &ukefonfjzpfí 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om ywfpnfapmif;jiif;wD;rIwfí wnfOfhvkH;
yGJ;vrf;cHukefonf/ t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmvnf; aygifwGifxdaom vSHudk ppfatmifjrifawmfrlrS EIwfí
aq;0g;ukoawmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg r[mOy&mZmrdefUawmfrlonfum; - qifwodef;&Sifjzpfaom vif;Zif;rif;onf
igwdkU uRefajy;0ifvmaomaMumifh vdkufvHawmif;onfudk ta&;t&maomfvnf;rqdk igwdkUuRefudkaomf
vnf;ray;/ cHaomfvnf; OD;vnfpGefUí rwdkufrcH NrdKUuxGufajy;avonfh t&mrSm yodkUvkyfMuH&aomf
oifhrnfenf;[lí wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkac:í trdefUawmf&dSonfudk oD&daZ,sausmfxifavQmuf
onf/ vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfonf qifjrif;Adkvfygrsm;onfudk,kHí Anm;vuGef; ç Anm;eef; çAnm;wk½dkif
wdkUudkvufcHxm;avonf/ ,ckvkyfMuHawmfrlí ysufvQif ESvkH;0rf;i,fíAnm;okH;OD;udkydkUvSmrnfrcRwf/
,ckvnf; &J;rufawmfwdkUonf c&D;ajrwma0;aomaMumifh ajcat;vufem &dSMuonf/ qifjrif;vnf;
yifyef;ao;onf/ ckESpf&uf&Spf&ufcefU qifjrif;Adkvfyg wdkUudk jznfhwif;NyD;vQif vlemvlrsm;rpGrf;rrm
oolwdkUudk Anm;usef;wwyfudktapmifhtaecefUí ppfESpfaMumif;pD&ifí vif;Zif;rif;ajy;&modkU vdkuf
awmfrlMuonf/ rdkif;pHcsDawmfrlí 12 - pcef;a&mufvQif vif;Zif;rif;ae&yfudk twyfrodaomaMumifh
wyfcsíaeawmfrlMuonf/
 317 - aemif[HwyfwGif t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmAnm; 3 - OD;wdkUudkEdkifykH

,if;aomtcg Anm;vuGef; ç Anm;eef; ç Anm;wk½dkifwdkUvnf; vif;Zif;rif;odkU þodkUem;

awmfavQmufukefonf/ uRefawmfwdkU Zif;r,fom; taygif;wdkUonf wcsufwvufwnf;wdkifyifí
wpdwfw0rf;wnf;&dSNyD;rS rif;w&m;BuD;udkykefpm;onf odkUudk Zif;r,frif;onf ESvkH;0rf;i,fíolUuRefcH
avonf/ uREfkyfwdkUrlum; bkef;BuD;onf t&SifodkUajy;0ifrS toufvGwfygrnfudk&nfí uRefawmfcHyg
onf/ ,ckr[mOy&mZm owdk;rif;apm wdkUvnf; uRefawmfwdkUudk awmif;rnf vdkufvSmonf/ uRef
awmfwdkUaMumifh bkef;BuD;onfht&Sif wdkif;EdkifiHawmftvkH;ysufpD;í&dS&onf/ ,ckvnf; uRefawmfwdkUudk
r&bJ; olrjyefav/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh qifjrif;tvkH;t&if;om ay;awmfrlyg toufudkpGefUí qif
pD;csif; uRefawmfwdkUwdkufygrnf[líavQmufukefonf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; Anm;okH;OD;avQmufaom
pum;udkMum;vQif wdkufqifESpf&m ç Adkvfav;aomif;xnfhí tb,fwyfudktvsifwdkufrnfenf;[lí
ar;awmfrlonfudk Anm;okH;OD;wdkUu aemif[Ht&yfwGif aeaom t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwyfudk wdkuf
rnf[líavQmufonf/ ,if;odkUrS aemif[Ht&yfodkU tvkH;t&if;ESifhcsDvSmonf/ t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apm
vnf; vif;Zif;rif;om;wdkUcsDvSmonf eD;NyD[líMum;awmfrlvQif qifjrif;uapí jrif;wyf 5 - wyf ESifh
wyfaygif; 18 - wyfvkH;ppfrsufESmjzefUíae&onf/ vif;Zif;ucsDvSmaom wyfeD;vQif wyfrª;ppfuJ;
qifpD;ol&J;taygif;wdkUonf taMumuft½GHUr&dS qifcRef;bGifhum vTwfav\/ ,if;aomtcg pvif;rif;
ausmfxifESifh Anm;eef;&ifqdkifawGUí renf;MumwdkufMuonf/ Anm;eef;pD;aomqif tm;rwefí,if;
wGifyifvnf;av\/ Anm;eef;vnf; rdrdqifvnf;í jrif;odkUwufonfudk rif;ausmfxif qifajcbkH;vSH
ESifhwkwfonf cg;udkwkwfrdí ,if;wGifyifqkH;av\/
t0bk&if owdk;rif;apmvnf; qifawmfoefjrifpGmESifh Anm;vuGef;udkwdkufrnf[lí vlykHodkU
vTwfonfudk Anm;vuGef;rcHEdkifíajy;avaomaMumifhvGwfav\/ wyfrª;ppfuJ;qifonftaygif;wdkU
vnf;vlykHodkUa&mufvQif OD;&SOfrdorQudkwdkufonf/ vif;Zif;om;wdkU tpkpkuGJ;íysufav\/ ,if;odkU
ysufvQif okHUyef;brf;onf/ qifjrif;ajcmufq,f vlokH;axmifausmfcefU&awmfrlonf/ aoavonf
vnf;rsm;\/ ,if;odkUrS aemif[HwyfodkUjyefíaeawmfrlonf/ r[mOy&mZmwdkUaeawmfrlonfESifh ESpf
wdkifausmfcefUcGgí &dSonf/ tajrmufaoewfoHMum;rS olu wdkufonfavm[lí jrif;vsifESifh ar;vSm
&onfudk atmifjrifavNyD/ Anm;eef;udkvnf; owfvdkuf&onf/ qifjrif;vloltrsm;&awmfrlonf[lí
rSmawmfrlonf/
vif;Zif;ppfonfwdkUysufí jyefvQif vif;Zif;rif; t*¾r[maoemywdjzpfaom aoOfvkH&mZ0wf
trwfvnf; olUt&Sifvif;Zif;rif;udk þodkUavQmufjyefonf/ olta0;uvmí (uRefawmfwdkU EdkifiH
tvkH;udk axmif;axmif;aMuatmif zsufqD;&avonf/ uRefawmfwdkU a,mufusm;[kwfygonfavm/
,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh)/ uRefawmfwdkUtvkH;t&if;trsm;ESifh pD&ifí qifonfjrif;onfajconftaygif;
wdkUudktoufudkpGefUí olUudkwdkufrnf/ EdkifvQifvnf;Edkifap/ rEdkifvQifvnf;aoapawmhem;awmfavQmuf
onfudk vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfþodkUqdkonf/ olwdkU wyfrª;ppfuJ;rSpí qifonf jrif;onf ajconf
taygif;wdkUonf &efoludkawGUaomtcg raMumufr½GHUrwkefrvIyf toufudkpGefUí trIudkxrf;rnfol
csnf;jzpfonf/ ,ckwdkufí oifhrnfrxif &SnfMumí qifjrif;AdkvfygiwfrGwfyifyef;rS wdkuf&aomfoifh
rnfxifonf/ ,ckAnm;okH;OD;wdkufvSHonf/ qifjrif;Adkvfygomaoaysmufí qkH;½IH;acsonf olwdkUudk
ratmifEdkifacs[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/ aoOfvkH&mZ0wftrwfvnf; uRefawmfBudKufaom trª;trwf
qifjrif;udkom ay;awmfrlyg Edkifatmifwdkufygrnf/ bkef;BuD;onft&Sifvnf; aemuftkyfícsDawmfrl/
omvQifvnf; wdkufawmfrlawmh/ romvQifvnf; cGgawmfrlawmh[líavQmufonf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf;
aoOfvkH&mZm0wftrwfavQmufaomta&;odkUvdkufí wdkufqifav;&m ç Adkvf 7 -aomif;ESifhtvsifcsD&
onf/ aoOfvkH&mZ0wftrSwfrSm t&yf 7 -awmif&dSaom jAvykH[laom qifrkefESifh zyfzyfudkpD;onf/
,if;urS vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfrSm wdkufqifav;&m ç Adkvfwaomif;cefUESifh aemufwyfrjyKícsDonf/
tifBuD;wckudkawGUvQif qifrsm;udka&pdrfíae&onf/
 318 - aoOfvkH&mZ0wfESifh t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwdkufykH

t0bk&if owdk;rif;apmvnf; vif;Zif;rif;csDvSmaMumif;udk uif;wdk;apaom jrif;awmfonfwdkU

avQmufvSmí Mum;awmfrlvQif jrif;wyf 5 - wyfESifhwuG wyfaygifh wq,fh&SpfwyfvkH;ppfrsufESmjzefUí
BudKonf/ olESifheD;vQif wyfrª;ppfuJ;qifpD;taygif;wdkUtqnf;twm;r&dS qifcRef;bGifhumvTwfMuav
\/ owdk;rif;apmvnf; qifawmfoefjrifpGmudk qkH;axG;axG;okwfNyD;vQif pD;awmfrlíolykHodkUvTwfonf/
aoOvkH&mZ0wftrwfESifh qdkifrdíwdkufawmfrlonf/ aoOfvkH&mZ0wftrwfpDaom qifrkefESifh jzpfít
jcm;qifrsm;rkefeUHudk&vQif rcsOf;0Hhacs/ oefjrifpGmwpD;oma0SU0Hhacsonf/ renf;Muma0SUí taMumif;udk
odawmfrlvQif aemufodkUqkwfí tm;,lNyD;rs cRef;bGifhíwdkufawmfrlonf/ aoOfvkH&mZ0wftrwfpD;aom
qifjAvykHtmabmifudkxdk;rdvQif a[mifa[mifMunfMunfjrnfíajy;av\/ vdkufxyfíwdkufawmfrl
onf/ rDSvQifukH;v,fpD;uvSHESifhvTwfonf/ aoOfvkH&mZ0eftrwfudk vSHoifhí qkH;av\/ pD;onfqif
udkvnf;&awmfrl\/ ,if;odkUaoOfvkH&mZ0wftrwfqkH;vQif tqD;twm;r&dSysufav\/ &J;rufawmwdkU
xyfíwdkufonf/ trwf 12 - a,mufESifhwuG qif 50/ vlESpfaxmifausmf &awmfrlonf/ aoonf
vnf;rsm;\/ owdk;rif;apmvnf;wwdkif;ausmfcefUvdkufawmfrlonf/ nOfhrdk;csKyfonfESifh vif;Zif;rif;udk
rawGUvQif wyfawmfodkUjyefawmfrlonf/
,if;onfhaeUrSpí vif;Zif;rif;rsufESmrjy0hHNyD/ wvcefU&dSvQif r[mOy&mZmþodkUrdefUawmfrl
onf/ ,ckigwdkUaemif[Ht&yfwGif aeacsaomfvnf; vif;Zif;rif;onf NrdKUodkUcsOf;íae0Hhrnfr[kwf/
,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh rdkifpHodkUqkwfí wrdk;wGif;udk&J;rufawmftaygif;wdkUudk v,fvkyfapí qifjrif;
Adkvfygudkjznfhwif;&rS oifhrnfxifonf[lírdefUawmfrlvQif t0bk&if owdk;rif;apmtp&dSaom apmfbGm;
apmuefwyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdku wpdwfw0rf;wnf;ESvkH;nDMuí rdkif;pHNrdKUodkUqkwfíaeawmfrlMu
onf/
 319 - vlemzsm;ydkUaomwyfudk Anm;aoOfwdkufvmí ¤if;yifusqkH;ykH

,if;odkUrS rdkif;pHNrdKUwGifaeaom em;zsm;í rpGrf;ool wvdkif;jrefrm&Srf;taygif;wdkUudk rpapí

Anm;usef;wyfudk wdkufqif 50 ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif;ESifh [Hom0wDodkUydkU&avonf/ xdkodkU
ydkU&aMumif;udk vif;Zif;rif;Mum;vQif vuf½kH;vufarmifudkwrf;í þodkUMuHK;0g;onf/ r[mOy&mZmudk
igtvsifcHí rwdkufbJ;aeaomtaMumif;um; aMumufíaeonfr[kwf/ ighwdkif;EdkifiHawmfodkUa&mufvQif
emzsm;iwfrGwfí ajcvufyifyef;yavapOD;/ ,if;odkUyifyef;EGrf;e,frS igwdkufrnf[lía&Smif&Sm;uG,f
axmifhíaeonf/ ,ckigwdkUyGJ;[líqdkNyD;vQif ]]Anm;aoOf}}[laomtrwfudk wdkufqifw&m ç Adkvfw
aomif;cefUESifh awmodkUcsDapí vlemvlzsm;wdkUudk ydkUapaom Anm;usef;udkwdkufav[lí vif;Zif;rif;u
cefUonf/ Anm;aoOfvnf; awmudkcsDí Anm;usef;axmtvmudk wdkufrnf[kapmifhESifhonf/
Anm;usef;vnf; tNydKif[laom qifudkpD;í csDonfESifh Anm;aoOfawmuxGufíwdkufvQif
eifwdkUudkyif &Smonfqdkíwdkufav\/ renf;Muma0SUvQif vif;Zif;rif;trwf Anm;aoOfemu qifulí
wdkufrnfvTwfonfudk Anm;usef;wl pE´&moD[laomtrwf uGefwa&mf[laom qifudkpD;íwdkufonf/
vif;Zif;rif;trwf Anm;aoOfem pD;aomqifvnf;ajy;av\/ vdkufxyfíwdkufvQif qifESifhwuG
Anm;aoOfemudkt&Sifyif&vdkufonf/
Anm;usef;vnf; Anm;aoOfpD;aomqifudk tpG,fESifhxdk;rdonf/ acGUwdkif;vnf;av\/ ,if;
odkUpOfwGif &J;rufawmfwa,muf vSHESifhxdk;rdonf/ &ifudkxdk;rdí Anm;aoOfqifOD;wGif aoav\/
Anm;aoOfaovQifvnf; vif;Zif;rif;ppfonfwdkU tqnf;twm;r&dS ysufpD;av\/ Anm;aoOf
pD;aom qifESifhwuG qif- 30 ausmf vl - 100 ausmf&vdkuf\/ aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/ ,if;odkUrS
vlemvlzsm; rpGrf;rrmoolwdkUudk odrf;qnf;jznfhwif;í [Hom0wDodkU wajz;wajz;jyefonf/ a&muf
vQif qifjzL&Sifrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; tm;&awmfrlí uGrf;cGuf&Spfajr§mifh ç vbuf
tdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç axG;tif ç 0wfvkHykqdk;aumif;ay;awmfrlonf/ pE´&moDudkvnf; ZuF½dk&GmESifhwuG
uGrf;usyf ç vbuftdk; ç 0wfvkHykqdk;aumif; ay;awmfrlonf/
 320 - r[mOy&mZmwdkU vif;Zif;uoHawmfwifykH

om;awmf r[mOy&mZm orufawmf owdk;rif;apmwdkUvnf; rdkif;pHNrdKUwGif v,facsmif;vkyfí

wrdk;wGif;aeawmfrlrnftMuH&dSonf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; rsufESmrjy0Hh awmawmifurf;BuD;&m a&Smif&Sm;
ykef;vTJ;íaeav\/
r[mOy&mZmwdkUu toG,foG,fvdkufvHí pkHprf;apaomfvnf; rawGU&acs/ ,if;odkUvQif
r[mOy&mZmwdkUvnf; wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkac:í wdkifyifawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg Anm;'v
avQmufonf ,ckonf vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfudkvdkufvHí &Smaomfvnf;r&/ uRefawmfwdkUrdkif;pHwGifae
orQ rsufESmjy0Hhrnfr[kwfNyD/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh jyef&rnftaMumif;udk &dScdk;oHawmfOD;wifí jyef&
onfrS vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfNrdKU&GmodkUcsOf;í ae0Hhrnfjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkUvnf; wESpfw0g qifjrif;
AdkvfygwdkUudk jznfhwif;í wBudrfcsDjyef&rS vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfudk &awmfrlrnf[lí em;awmfavQmuf
onf/
r[mOy&mZmvnf; onfta&;onfoifhvSNyD[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif crnf;awmfb0&Sifrif;
w&m;BuD;bk&m;odkU qufrnfUpmudk Anm;'vudkpDukH;apí avQmufonfum; ---
]] om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwdkU Adkvfrª; wyfrª; taygif;&dScdk;oHawmfOD;wif0Hhonf t&Sif
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ... Anm;okH;OD;ajy;av&m &atmifbrf;avtrdefUawmfudk OD;
xdyf½Gufí uRefawmfwdkUvdkuf&mrSm rdkif;pHwGif vif;Zif;rif;nDaemifESifh Anm;okH;OD;
tvkH;t&if;qifjrif;trsm;ESifh cHonfudk uRefawmfwdkUa&mufí &J;jcif;ESifhjynfhpkHaom &J;
rufawmftwyfwyfom;wdkU 0ef;&HívkyfMuHvqif bkef;awmfaMumifh qifwodef;&Sifjzpf
aom vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfnf ysufpD;aMurGí ½kH;rdorQ &J;rufwdkUESifhNrdKUuxGufajy;í
vGwfavonf/
nDOy&mZfESifhwuG rdbk&m;okH;OD; ç udk,fvkyf 2 - usdyf ç trwf 3 -usdyf ç
qifav;&m ç jrif;waxmifausmf ç okHUvltBuD;ti,f ig;axmifausmf&ygonf/
aemufuRefawmfwdkU rdkifpHucsDí vdkufaomf jrif;AdkvfygESifhcHonfudk t0rif;
wdkufonf/ Anm;ee;fudkvnf; owfvdkuf&onf/ qifajcmufq,f ç vlokH;axmif
ausmf&ygonf/
aemufwBudrf aoOf&mZ0wfcHíwdkufvSmonf/ aoOfvkH&mZ0wfudkvnf;owf
vdkuf&onf/ trwfwusdyfESpfa,mufESifhwuG qifESpfq,f ç vlokH;axmifESpf&mausmf
&ygonf/
,if;onfaeUrSpí vif;Zif;rif; jApJ;ppfonf rsufESmrjy0HhNyD/ ewfppfonf
ESifhwlaom &J;rufawmftaygif;wdkU vdkufaomfawmokH;axmifudk tpdk;&aomauo&mZm
jcaoFhrif;onf ywåjrm;ulrSxGufí prÜ,fuGefUjrL;aomtcg a>r ç &SOfh ç ywwf ç vdyfç
zGwf ç '&,f ç ,kefi,fpaom owå0gwdkUonf wGif;xJ;vdkPfacgif;ykef;atmifouJhodkU
vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfonf awmtkHawmifurf;BuD;&mwGif toufvGwfaMumif; ykef;vQdK;
íaeavonf/
tpD&0wd r[Do&bl ,ekem**Fg[laom trnfESifhausmfapmxif&Sm;pGm t,Of
tawGawGpD;aom jrpfBuD;ig;oG,fwdkUonf r[mork'´&modkU pD;0ifavaomtcg rdrd
wdkU\trsdK;trnfudkpGefUí r[mork'´&mom vTrf;rdk;xif&Sm;avouJhodkU vif;Zif;EdkifiH
 tvkH;udk&J;jcif;ESifhjynfhpkHaom ppfonfawmftaygif;wdkUudkvTrf;rdk;vsuf vdkufvH&SmMuH
aomfvnf; pkH&*kHapjypfNrdKif *EdkifykayÜgif;ESmarmif;jcHKEG,f pufp,fudkif;ydkif;ysm;ESifhjynfhpkH
aom awmawmifvnf;tvGefus,f0ef;vSonf/
taMumif;rSm jcaohFrif;ESifh,kef ç *VKefESifhysHvTm; ç e*g;rif;ESifh wDozG,fjzpf
aMumif; &dScdk;oHawmfOD;wif0Hhonf bk&m;[lípDukH;NyD;vQif avQmufpmudkjrifvQif 12
wyfESifh quf&av\/
[Hom0wDodkUa&mufí qufpmudkMum;awmfrlvQif ac:awmfrlí ouú&mZf (927) udk;&mhESpfq,fh
ckESpfck 0gacgifvqef; 5 - &ufaeU rdkif;pHujyefawmfrlonf/ oDwif;uRwfvqef; 11 - &uf 6 - Mum
aeU[Hom0wda&Tjynfawmfudk a&mufawmfrlonf/ a&mufoaeUyif&cJhonf vif;Zif;rif;rdbk&m; orD;
udk,fvkyfarmif;rESifh trª;trwf qifjrif;vlolwdkUudkquf&av\/ crnf;awmfbk&m; tm;&awmfrlí
a&Ta0gudkay;awmfrlonf/ orufawmf owdk;rif;apmudkvnf; a&Tcifw,ifay;awmfrlonf/ apmfbGm;
apmfueftrª; trwf yGJ;vrf;&oolwdkUudkvnf; taqmifta,mif pm;aus; pm;vuf txdkuftavsmuf
ay;awmfrlonf/ &cJhaom vif;Zif;rif;rdbk&m; jAMunf ç ¤if;rdbk&m; ,kd;',m;rif;orD; rEk&m ç ¤if;
rdbk&m; usdKif;wkHapmfbGm;orD; oD&drm ç vif;Zif;rif;wlr oD&dvlwm ç vif;Zif;ukd,fvkyf trwforD;
ESpfusdyfausmfonfrsm;udkvnf; tokH;taqmift0wftpm;taptyg;ay;awmfrlí eef;awmfwGif;wGif
aumif;rGefpGmae&onf/ vif;Zif;rif;nDrkdif;pHpm; Oy&mZf,if;aomtcg 19-ESpf½G,fudkvnf; r½Iwfrcs
taqmifta,mifta>ct&Htdrf&m ay;awmfrlí tyg;awmfwGifrjywf jrJ;pGJ;&onf/ vif;Zif;rif;u &cJh
aomvlwaxmifausmfudkvnf; tBuD;acgif;ESifhtpktuGufcsí trIawmfudkxrf;&onf/
 321 - [Hom0wDNrdKUudktopfwnfykHtaMumif;

wdkif;BuD;jynfBuD;taygif; xD;aqmifrif;wumwdkU\ t&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom qifjzLqifeDrsm;

ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf om;awmf r[mOy&mZm tp&dSaom rª;awmfrwfawmf a'gAnm;
taygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlþ odkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ig\ wdkifum; - EdkifiHawmfwdkU tvGefus,f0ef;vS
onf/ xdkodkUus,f0ef;aomwdkif;um; EdkifiHawmftwGif;wGif wyg;yg;\ EdkifiHawmfonf wpkHwckaom
tcif;tcef;xGufvwfonf&dSaomf igudk,fawmfyifcsD&aomtcg csDawmfrl&rnfjzpfonf/ ,if;odkUcsDawmf
rlaomtcg NrdKUjyr&dSonf&dSaom vloGrf;vlysufwdkUonf raumif;aomtMuHtpnfjzifh wcsufwcsufw
vufwnf;aygif;pnf;í aomif;usef;ykefuefavonf&dSaom jynfolvlxktayg;wdkUonf acsmufcsm;í
ESvkH;aESmifh&Sufav&monf/ xdkodkUjynfolaESmifh&Sufonf&dSaomf jynfudkrDSí oDwif;okH;aom pm&dwåod
v0gwåoDv ç &[ef;wdkUonf y&d,wdåy#dywdårSavQmhí omoemawmf,kwfav&monf/ waMumif;
vnf; xdkodkUraumif;usifhaomolwdkUtm; - uGyfn§yfqkH;rjcif;aMumif; ightm;raumif;rIudkyGg;rsm;&m
onf/ wdkif;um; - edkifiHüvnf; rNidrfr0yfaomaMumifhtm;jzifh tcGeftwkwfwdkuonf ,kwfav&m
onf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh cyfodrf;aom&efoltaygif;rvIyfr&Sm;Edkifaom auwkrwD[laomawmifil
NrdKUESifh trQNrdKUudk wnfNyD;vQif ola|;ol<u,ftp&dSaom jynfolvl&[eftaygif;wdkUtm; - xdkNrdKUtrSDjyK
íaeapNyD;rS ta&;awmf&dS&m igudk,fawmfcsDí vkyfMuHawmfrlaomfvnf; raumif;aom vlqdk;oloGrf;wdkU
rMuH0Hh&mukef/ xdkodkUraumif;aom trIt&mudk rusifh0HhonfjzpfrS cyfodrf;aomvl&[ef;taygif;wdkU
onf twå[dwy&[dwudkaqmifEdkifí ukodkvfaumif;rIyGg;rsm;onfjzpfrS omoemawmfudkcsDajr§mufaom
ig{u&mZonf jrwfaomqkdukd jynfpkH&monf[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/
om;awmf r[mOy&mZmvnf; þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sif
rif;w&m;BuD; bkef;vuf½kH;tmPmawmfudk ZrÁL'dyfwuRef;vkH;ausmfapmxif&Sm;avNyD;onf/ xdkodkUaom
jynfwdkUu oHBuD;wrefBuD;a&mufvmaomtcg t*FgckESpfyg;ESifhjynfhpkHaom NrdKUjy usHK;ajrmif; r&dSonf
&dSaomroifhacs/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh t*FgckESpfyg;ESifhjynfhpkHaom NrdKUudkwnfawmfrlrS oifhrnf[lí
em;awmfavQmufonf/ rª;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkUvnf; oifhjrwfaMumif;udk toD;oD;avQmufMuukef
onf/
,if;odkUrS ynm&dS aA'ifwwftaygif;wdkUudk wGufcsufaq;aMumapNyD;rS [Hom0wD 0ef;usifwGif
&dSaom oltaygif;wdkUudk wtdrfwa,mufawmif;awmfrlí ouú&mZf (928) udk;&mhESpfq,hf&Spfck
wefaqmifrkef;vqef;q,f&uf Mumoyaw;aeU NrdKUa&SUuawmifudkwl;apí taemufcsdKifh0Srf;&modkUcsnf;
ydkU&onf/ Adkvfygrsm;aomaMumifh jcykef;ydk;&GuJhodkUcsnf;jzpfav\/
ouú&mZf 9928) udk;&mhESpfq,fh&Spfck wydkUwGJ;vqef; ajcmuf&uf aomMumaeU nDawmf rkwår
rif;orD;awmftBuD;vGefvQif orD;awmfti,fESifh &cdkifbk&ifnDawmf oD&d"r®maomuudk pkHbufawmfrl
onf/ ¤if;wydkUwGJ;vjynfhausmfig;&uf aomMumaeU '*kHqHawmf&Sif bk&m;udk xD;wifawmfrlonf/ rud#f
awmfudkvnf; vªawmfrlonf/ obifvnf;&ufvnfattmifcHawmfrlonf/ oCFmawmf ckESpf&mudkvnf;
qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ y&du©&m&Spfyg;ESifhwuG vªbG,fvªcif;vnf;rsm;pGmvªawmfrlonf/
¤if;waygif;vqef; ig;&uf aomMumaeU r[mapwDaumif;rIawmfudkxD;wifawmfrlonf/
oCFmawmfckESpf&mudkyifhí &ufvnfatmifqGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ y&du©&m&Spfyg;ESifhwuG vªbG,fvª
cif;vnf;rsm;pGmvªawmfrlonf/ &ufvnfatmif obifcHawmfrlonf/
 xdkaeUwGif [Hom0wDNrdKU0ef;usifudk usHK;wl;pjyKonf/ usHK;wl;&mwGif ajrxJ;wGifatmif;aom
aZmf*Dudk&onf/ &í wGif;uabmfvQifrsm;rMumaoavonf/
 322 - bk&m;ykxdk;rsm;jyifqifvkyfaqmifykH

¤if;waygif;vjynfhausmfig;&uf paeaeU a&Tarmfawmbk&m;udk Xmyemawmfrlonf/ usnf;rif;

BuD;u vufaqmifawmf qufvSmaom ywåjrm;pD y,if;em;a×mif;w&H tbdk;aiGwq,f/ rdbk&m;BuD;
twkvoD&dr[m&mZa'0D qif,ifawmfrlaom ywåjrm;pdef jrpDaome*g;½kyfem;×mif;ww&H tbdk;aiG
wq,fhig;/ ywåjrm;pDaom qHvsifawmftbdk;aiG wq,fhigh onfrsm;udk a&Ttcsdefwq,fckwfwGifxnfh
awmfrlíbk&m;jrwfpGm aemifNydKaomtcg onfypönf;uHauR;jyKí vmvwHhaomrif;wdkUonf vkyfapaom
[lí a&TaywGifpma&;í Xmyemawmfrlonf/ a'0atmufa&Tbk&m;jrwfpGmudkvnf; Xmyemawmfrlonf/
eefawmfta&SUu qHawmf&Sifbk&m;udkvnf; Xmyemawmfrlonf/ bk&m;NyD;vQif 0wfawmfrl onfh
0wfvJ;awmfrsm;udka&mif;í xD;cs&moD;uonf ajrwdkif;atmifa&Txnfhawmfrlonf/
tpnfrif;u jymom'faqmufawmfrlyg[lí oabFmwGifwifí vufaqmifawmfqufvSmaom
bkef;rodrfopfudkvnf; xl;qef;vSpGmaomp&yfaqmufawmfrlonf/ p&yfwGifxnfhp&ma&Ttcsdef 236
vªawmfrlonf/
rdk;rdwfrSm aumif;rIawmfqkawmif;jynfhbk&m; NydKysufavonfrsm;udkvnf;xyfí vkyfawmfrlNyD;
vQif xD;cs&m;oD;uonf ajrwdkifatmifa&Txnfhawmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf(928) udk;&mhESpfq,fh&Spfck awmfovif;vqef; q,f&uf aomMumaeU a&Tarmfawm
bk&m;wGif oufawmfapH apwD&Hig;q,fhESpfqludkvkyfawmfrlonf/
ouú&mzf(928)udk;&mhESpfq,fh&Spfck ewfawmfvqef; ig;&uf aomMumaeU wdwd 4 - vkH;/ 29
C#D ? eu©wf 22 ajrcHwlvuf"Ekpnf;wGif pwk&ef;twm okH;axmifav;&m&dSaom [Hom0wD
[m&mZXmeD a&TNrdKUawmfa&Tarmfawmfr[m&Hyd#duwfwdkufonf okH;Xmeudkwcsdefwcgwnf;wnfawmfrl
onf/
 323 - bk&m;av;qloGef;vªawmfrlykH

(928) udk;&mESpfq,fh&Spfck ewfawmfvjynfhausmf okH;&uf Mumoyaw;aeU a&TNrdKUawmf wHcg;

wdkifpdkufonf/ bk&m;BuD; 4 -qloGef;onf/ wcsdefwnf;wcgwnf; uuúKoefbk&m;&Sif½kyfawmfoGef;
onf/ yv’ifawmfESifwuG aiGw,fig;ydóm ckESpfq,fajcmufusyf/ rudk#fawmfudkvkyfonfa&T wydóm
&Spfq,fudk;usyfwrwf/ rudk#fawmf0,fpDonfh 0wfawmfrlaom jrvufpGyf 1/ 0wfawmfrlaom eDvm
vufpGyf 1/ pm;awmfuGrf;cGufwGifpDonfh ywåjrm;tvkH;okH;axmif rudk#fawmfvkyfí a&Tajcmufq,fav;
usyfpD;onf/ ywåjrm;tvkH;ajcmuf&mav;q,fckESpfvkH; pDawmfrlonf/
aumP*kH jrwfpGmbk&m;½kyfwkrsm yv’ifawmfESifhwuG aiGwq,fig;ydómajcmufusyf/ rudk#f
awmfudk vkyfawmfrlonf a&Tcsdef wydómudk;q,fokH;usyf/ rudk#fawmfudkpDonfhausmuf 0wfawmfrlaom
eDvmvufpGyf 1/ uGrf;cGufawmfwGifpDaom ywåjrm;ESpf&mhav;q,f&SpfvkH;/ rudk#fawmfudk vkyfawmfrl
onfh ajcmufq,fhESpfusyfESpfrwf/ rudk#fawmfwGif pDonfh 0wfawmfrlaom ywåjrm;vufpGyf 1/ ¤if;pD
onfhausmufESpfaxmifajcmuf&mckESpfq,fh&SpfvkH;/
uóybk&m; ½kyfwkawmfrsm yv’ifawmfESifhwuG aiGcsdef wq,fig;ydómckESpfq,fajcmufusyf/
rudk#fawmfudkvkyfonfh a&Tydóm udk;q,fh&Spfusyf/ rudk#fawmfpDonfh 0wfawmfrlaomaMumifhvufpGyf 1/
uGrf;cGufawmfwGif pDonfh ywåjrm;ausmufokH;axmifudk;&mwq,fwvkH;? rudk#fawmfudkvkyfonfh a&Tcsdef
ajcmuf,qhfESpfusyf ESpfrwf/ rudk#fawmfudkpDonfh ywåjrm;ausmufwaxmifESpf&mwq,f pD&ifawmfrl
onf/
a*gwrbk&m;&Sif½kyfwkawmfrSm yv’ifawmfESifhwuG a&Tcsdefwq,fckESpfydómckESpfq,fckESpfusyf/
rudk#fawmfudkvkyfonfh a&Tcsdefwydómudk;q,fckESpfusyf/ rudk#fawmfudkpDonfh 0wfawmfrlaom ywåjrm;
vufpGyf1/ uGrf;cGufawmfwGifpDaom ywåjrm;ESpfaxmif udk;&mhudk;q,fhav;vkH;/ rudk#fawmfwGif vkyf
onfh a&Tcsdefajcmufq,fhav;usyfwrwf/ rudk#fawmfwGifpDonfh 0wfawmfrlaom ywåjrm;vufpGyf 1/
ausmufvGwfywåjrm;waxmifav;&mokHq,f/
þbk&m;jrwfpGmav;qltwdkif;txGmum; - xuf0,fawmfESpfawmifav;opf ç yv’ifawmfu
onf rudk#fawmfwdkifatmif av;awmifESpfrdkufav;opf/ xdk½kyfwkawmfav;qlwdkUudk vªawmfrlonf/
a&Toydwfav;vkH; ç a&T[if;cGufav; ç a&TZGef;av; ç aiGZGef;avonfESifhjyifí aeUwdkif;ylaZmf
awmfrlonf/ þodkUoHom&mpD;yGm;udkrsm;pGmaqmifawmfrlía&TNrdKUawmf0ef;usifudk apmfbGm; apmfuef NrdKU
pm;taygif;wdkUudkvkyf&onf/
 324 - [Hom0wDNrdKUwHcg; 20 - \ trnf

wHcg;ESpfq,ftrnfum; - taemufajrmufaxmifhwHcg;udk jymom'fESpfxyf ç ,dk;',m;rif;udk

aqmufapí ,dk;',m;wHcg;[krSnfhawmfrlonf/ 1/ ,if;onfta&SUwHcg;udk weoFm&Drif;udkaqmufap
í weoFm&DwHcg;[krSnfhawmfrlonf/ 2/,if;onfta&SuwHcg;udk rkwårrif;udkaqmufapí rkwårwHcg;
[krSnfhawmfrlonf/ 3/ ,if;onfta&SuwHcg;udk ykcef;rif;aqmufapí ykcef;wHcg;[krSnfhawmfrlonf/
4/ ,if;onfta&SuwHcg;udk ykodefrif;udk aqmufapí ykodefwHcg;[krSnfhawmfrlonf/
,if;onfum; - ajrmufrsufESmwH;cg;trnfwnf;/
ta&SUajrmufaxmifhwHcg;udk jynfrif;udkaqmufapí jynfwHcg;[krSnfhawmfrlonf/ 1/ ,if;
onfawmifwHcg;udk t0rif;udkaqmufapí t0wHcg;[krSnfhawmfrlonf/ 2/ ,if;onfawmifwHcg;udk
awmifilrif;udkaqmufapí awmifilwHcg;[lírSnfhawmfrlonf/ 3/ ,if;onfawmifwHcg;udk 'vrif;udk
aqmufapí 'vwHcg;[lí rSnfhawmfrlonf/ 4/ ,if;onfawmifwHcg;udk vif;Zif;rif;udk aqmufapí
vif;Zif;wHcg;[lí rSnfhawmfrlonf/
,if;onfum; - ta&SUrsufESmig;wHcg;trnfwnf;/
ta&SUawmifwHcg;udk Zif;r,fudkaqmufapí Zifr,fwHcg;[lírSnfhawmfrlonf/ 1/ ,if;onf
taemufwHcg;udk rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;udkaqmufapí rdk;rdwfwHcg;[lírnfhawmfrlonf/ 2/ ,if;onft
aemufwHcg;udk rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;udk aqmufapí rkd;n§if;wHcg;[lírSnfhawmfrlonf/ 3/ ,if;onft
aemufwHcg;udk rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; udkaqmufapí rdk;aumif;wH;cg;[lírSnfhawmfrlonf/ 4/ ,if;onf
taemufwHcg;udk '0,frif;udkaqmufapí '0,fwHcg;[lírSnfhawmfrlonf/
,if;onfum; -awmifrsufESmig;wHcg; trnfwnf;/
taemufawmifaxmifhwHcg;udk uav;apmfbGm;udk aqmufapí uav;wH;cg;[lírSnfhawmfrl
onf/ 1/ ,if;onfajrmufwH;cg;udk rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;udkaqmufapí rdk;eJ;wHcg;[lírSnfhawmfrlonf/ 2/
,if;onfajrmufwHcg;udk anmifa&TapmfbGm;udkaqmufapí anmifa&TwHcg;[lí rSnfhawmfrlonf/ 3/
,if;onfajrmufwHcg;udk om;awmfom,m0wDrif;udkaqmufapí om,m0wDwHcg;[lí rSnfhawmfrl
onf/ 4/ ,if;onfajrmufwHcg;udkum; odEéDapmfbGm;udkaqmufapí odEéDwHcg;[krSnfhawmfrlonf/
,if;onfum; - ajrmufrsufESmwHcg;trnfwnf;/
wHcg;ESpfq,fudk jymom'fcsnf;aqmufapí a&Ttjynfhxnfhawmfrlonf/
&ifwm;ESpfxyfwHcg;&Gufudkvnf; a&Txnfhawmfrlonf/
 325 - apmfbGm;okH;yg;orD;rsm;wNydKifeufqufvmykH

ouú&mZf(928) udk;&mhESpfq,fh&dSpfck wydkUwGJ;vqef;wq,fokH;&uf wevFmaeU ydóavmufNrdKU

udkpm;aom ,kd;',m;rif;tBuD;orufMo,m"r®&mZmord; jA£E´a'0D ç odEéDapmfbGm;orD;çZif;½kH;apmfbGm;
orD; onfapmfbGm;okH;OD;wdkUorD;udk taqmifta,mif ta>ct&HESifh wuGqufvSmí waeUwcgwnf;
eef;wGif;odkUoGif;awmfrlonf/ om,mvSpGmaom tdrfaqmufíae&onf/ taqmifta,mifvnf; t
xdkuftavsmufay;awmfrlonf/
xdkouú&mZfwGif vif;Zif;rif;BuD;oruf rdkif;ywfudkpm;aomolonf wdkufqifw&m ç ta>ct&H
vlwaxmifausmfcefUESifh a&Tb0g;awmfatmufodkUa&mufvSmí uRefawmfcHvSmonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;
bk&m;vnf; opömawmfay;NyD;vQif taqmifta,mifay;awmfrlí tuGuft&yfcsí ae&onf/ rjywf
vnf;jrJ;pGJ;&onf/
 326 - ukodkvfawmfrsm;jyKawmfrlykH

&wewå,H t[H0E´mrd/ / ouú&mZf (929) udk;&mhESpfq,fhudk;ck e,kefvjynfhausmf 2-&uf 5-

aw;aeU a&TarmawmjrwfpGmbk&m;udk apwD&Hig;q,fqlESifhwuG xD;wifawmfrlonf/ qifawmfrlaom
rudk#fawmfudkvnf; vªawmfrlonf/ t&n0goD yk*d¾Kvf *gr0goD yk*¾dKvfckESpf&myifhawmfrlí &ufvnf
atmif qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ y&du©m&Spfyg;ESifhwuG vªbG,fvªcif;vnf;rsm;pGmvªawmfrlonf/
usdKufyGefbk&m;&Sifudkvnf; xD;wifawmfrlonf/ ,if;onfaeUyif eef;awmfopfudkpí a&Txnfh&onf/
aeawmfrlp&ma&TtdrfESifhwuG jymom'fudkvnf;aqmufawmfrlonf/ NyD;í 929 - ck 0gacgifvqef; 13
&uf 6-MumaeU a&TtdrfESifhjymom'fudk wufawmfrlonf/ a&Teef;awmfudkaqmufaomtcg Anm;'vudk
0efjyKí pD&if&onf/ eef;awmfESifh jymom'fawmfrudk rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUu opfwvkH;pDxnfhí aqmuf
&onf/ jyiftaqmifaqmifaomeef;taqmifaqmifaomudk,fvkyfarmif;rwdkUae&mudkrlum; -xD;aqmif;
rif;taygif;wdkU ukd,fwmcsnf; a0ívkyf&onf/
,if;onf ouú&mZf 929 - ck[Hom0wDwGif twdkif;wdkif;tEdkifEdkifiHodrf;,lawmfrlcJhaom vlol
rsm;onf aMu;bdk;qGHU&Sm;aomaMumifh &[efoCFmwdkUtm; qGrf;qefrsm;pGm vªawmfrlonf/ rpm;&wwf
r0wf&wwfaom olwdkUtm;vnf; wdkufawmfusDawmfuxkwfí t0wftpm;qefpyg;rsm;pGm pGefUMuJ;
awmfrlonf/
,if;ouú&mZf jymodkvjynfhausmf 5- &ufaeU eef;awm&mwGif uem;BuD;aqmufí t&d,m
oCFmwdkUtm;yifhawmfrlí qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ w&m;vnf;emawmfrlonf/ vªbG,fvªcif;vnf;
rsm;pGmvªawmfrlonf/ ¤if;wydkUwGJ;vqef; 4-&uf 1-aEGaeU rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;u qifjzLwpD;&onfudk
jrif;aumif; okH;awmifwrdkufav;opfESifhwuG jrwvkH;jrif;uawmif vkyf&avmufaom y,if;cJ;BuD;
onfrsm;udkvufaqmifqufonf/ xdky,if;cJ;udk bk&m;½kyfxkapí udk;uG,fawmfrlonf/
 327 - ydóavmufodkUcsDykH

ydóaemufNrdKUudk vkyfMuHrnf[lí vif;Zif;rif; tvkH;t&if;ESifh csDvSmonfMum;aomaMumifh

ydóavmufpm;u taMumif;udkavQmufvSmí rdk;n§if;apmfbGm; ç rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; ç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;
tkef;aygifapmfbGm; ç anmifa½TapmfbGm; ç rdk;eJ;apmfbGm; onfajcmufwyfudkwdkufqifajcmuf&m ç jrif;
ajcmufaxmif ç ppfonfol&J;ajcmufaomif;ESifh rdk;eJ;aMumif;udk Zif;r,fudkwdkufícsDonf/ Zif;r,faus;
rdkif[if;odkUa&mufvQif vif;Zif;rif;onf [Hom0wDu &J;rufawmfwdkUcsDvSmaMumif;udkodvQif tvsifcGg
av\/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vif;Zif;rif;cGgaMumif;udk Mum;awmfrlvQif
apmfbGm;ajcmufwyfjyef&onf/ apmfbGm;wdkU £E´&D&dokdUa&mufvQif rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; ç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm; ç
rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;wdkU okH;OD;udkac:awmfrlí [Hom0wDodkUcsDvSmonf/ a&mufvQif apmfbGm;okH;OD;wdkUukd
uGrf;cGuf ç vuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç ywåjrm;pD"m; ç ay;awmfrlonf/ ukvm;jynfujzpfaom ykqdk;
aumif; ç cgom ç yifum ç aZmfu&wf ç rl&D ywåKeD ç ouúvyfonfrsm;udkvnf; qkay;awmfrlonf/
Zif;r,faMumif;jyefavaom rdk;eJ;apmfbGm; ç anmifa½TapmfbGm; ç tkef;aygifapmfbGm;wdkUudkvnf;
uGrf;cGuf ç vbufwdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç ywåjrm;pd ç ywåjrm;"m; ç txl;xl;aom t0wfykqdk;wdkUudk
vnf; vdkufíqkay;awmfrlonf/ apmfbGm;ajcmufwyfwGif wvdkif;jrefrm trwfppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudk
vnf;taqmifta,mif txdkuftavsmufqkay;awmfrlonf/ ydóavmufpm;udkvnf; uGrf;cGuf ç
vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç t0wftpm;qkay;awmfrlonf/
 328 - eef;opfwuf&mwGif taqmifta,mifay;ykH

ouú&mZf 929 - ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 3 -&ufaomMumaeUa&Tjymom'fESifhwuGa&Teef;awmf

ajcmufaqmif0ef;usifudk,fvkyfarmif;r aep&mtdrf qifwif;ukwf onfrsm;udkwaeUwcgwnf; aqmuf
awmfrlonf/
,if;onfaeUyif wHcg;ESpfq,fpaom wefaqmif; jytdk; wnf&mwdkUü t&d,moCFm waxmif
wdkUudk yifhawmfrlí qGrf;vkyfauR;awmfrlonf/ t|aZ,sr*FvmESifhwuG y&dwf&Spfapmifudkvnf; &Gwf&
onf/ cgomtkyf vbufacsmifvnf; vªawmfrlonf/
929 - ckwefcl;vjynfhausmf 1-&uf aomMumaeU aoOf0dapmfbGm;om;tdrfa&SU ae&oolonf
tbapmfbGm;vGefvQif tbtaqmifta,mifpm;cGufpm;a,mufrsm;ESihfwuG qifaygufjrif;onfrsm;udk
vnf;,lí a&Tb0g;awmfatmufodkUvmíqufvSm\/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
qufonfhtaqmifta,mifudk odrf;,lawmfrlí okH;&uf&dSrS aoOf0dapmfbGm;om;udkyif ay;awmfrljyefí
aoOf0dNrdKUudkyif apmfbGm;jyK&onf/
xdkouú&mZfwGif wefcl;vjynfhausmf 4 - &ufweif;vmaeU&xm;jyom'fpD;awmfrlíawmifacrm
'Gg&wHcg;u 0ifawmfrlNyD;vQif taemufudkvnfí eef;wufawmfrlonf/ eef;NrdKUudkvnf; uarÁmZom'd
[líorkwfawmfrlonf/
a&Teef;awmfwufaomaeU rif;nDrif;om; aqGawmfrsdK;awmfrª;awmf rwfawmf aus;pm; oif;rª;
taygif;wdkUudk trnft&nftaqmift&Guf pm;aus;pm;vuf txdkuftavsmufay;awmfrlonf/ udk,f&H
awmfacgif;tBuD; t0Sef;wdkUudkvnf; aus;&Gm a&TaiG t0wftpm; qefa& ay;awmfrlonf/
eef;wufawmfrlí wef;cl;vjynfhausmf 5 - &uf t*FgaeU jAJ;wdkufodkU xGufawmfrlí rif;nD
rif;om; rª;rwfAdkvfygtaygif;wdkUudk tdrfay;awmfrlonf/
rkwårrdbk&m; ç jynfrdbk&m; ç awmifilrdbk&m; ç t0rdbk&m; ç oHwGJ;rdbk&m; ç onf 5-yg;udk
paMumokH;wyf MurfjzwfíavompEkESifh wuGrdbk&m;pD;onfha0g ç uGrf;cGuf&Spfajr§mifh ç ywåjrm;pD
vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç ywåjrm;pDusdKif;BuD; ç a&TcsufESpfpif;qkayawmfrlonf/
oD&d"r®maomu uawmf aersdK;ausmfxif uawmf ç &mZoMuø uawmf ç w&zsm;uawmf ç
ocF,muawmf ç oD&daZ,sausmfxif uawmf ç rif;r[muawmf ç Anm;Avuawmf ç Anm;y&Hu
awmf ç Anm;avmuawmf ç tJ;rGefw&muawmf onf uawmf 12 yg;onfrif;rsdK;rif;EG,fjzpfíywåjrm;
Nrdwf&pfNrdwfcHESifhwuG uGrf;cGuf ç vbuftdk; ç a&TjrLwm ç a&Ttifay;awmfrlonf/
rdk;jAJ;e&ywd ç t0e&ywdpnfol ç Zif;r,frif;jAoH ç ,dk;',m;jyom"d&mZmonfrif;av;yg;
udkvnf; paMumESpfxyftdrfjzLae&onf/
 329 - rif;crf;awmfae&m ig;oG,fay;ykH

taqmiftae&may;awmfrlonfum; - Anm;'vudk ae&mawmfvuf0J;awmfOD;aygif; uwåDyg

rGrf; traygif;uwåDyga&TajymufrGrf; trsm;uawmif a&Tom;av;rwf oif;uspfav;rsufESmpdefawmf&H
pvG,f 9-oG,f ouúvyftbkH;ESifhwuG a&Tu,m; ç a&TjrLwm ç a&Ttif ç a&Tvifyef; ç ywåjrm;awmif
a0S; ç ywåjrm;yef;csif; ç ajcrpGyf ç vufrpGyf ç rDStkH; ç vufaq;tif; ç xD;eD anmif&GufokH;qifhxD;½dk;
xD;vuf ç a&ToHvsif; ç weJ;ckESpf0ef; ç pnf 7 - vkH; ç ESJ;3 ç c&m 3 ç tdrf5 quf ç Muufeif; 5 -
wef ç avomuJ;vm; ç uaigufESifhavScif w,ifcsifydwfeD ç zJ;aygif;tpdrf;rdk;ay;awmfrlonf/
½kH;vnf; &onf/
Anm;'vESifhwuG vuf0J;awmfae Anm;usefaxm ç Owår OD&daZ,sol& ç eE´ol&d, ç Anm;
puf ç eE´ausmfxif ç w&zsm; ç rif;r[m ç Anmy½k ç ordefaigcGif ç jAydkuf ç ordeftJ;y&J; ç eE´ol&d,ç
jAuAef ç b,oMuø ç jAuref onf 16 yg;onf taqmiftdrfrSwf,kwfwuf&dSMuonf/
oD&d"r®aomuae&mvufsmawmfOD;ae ç aygif;rJ;em; ç rnfo&D ç a&Twjym;wrwf ç a&TykHeef;okH;
rwf ç trw½kwfeDrGrf; ç yef;&SpfyGifhwpfjcrf;ESifh jyifem;Espfbuf jcL;oif;uspfav;rsufESm ç pvG,fudk;
oG,f ç uGrf;cGufuGrf;vdyf ç vbuftdk; ç waumif;bkH; ç a&TaxG;tif ç ywåjrm;awmifa0S; ç ywåjrm;yef;
csif; ç xD;eDanmif½GufokH;qifh ç xD;½dk;eDxD;vuf ç a&Tpnf 7 vkH; ç ESJ;3 ç c&m 3 ç tdrfig;quf ç
Muufeif; 5 -wef ç yGwfvkH;wef ç avomuJ;vm; ç uaigufESifhavScifw,if ç csifydwfeD ç zJ;aygif;
tpdrf;rdk;ay;awmfrlonf/ ½kH;vnf;&onf/
oD&"r®maomuESifhwuG vufsmawmfaeAnm;avm ç Anm;£E´ ç Anm;aoOf ç Anm;ywf ç
Anm;ywf ç Anm;b, ç aZmfu&wf ç ydkufnJ; ç ordefy&H ç aersdK;ausmfxif ç ordefjzwfp ç ordef
a,mfu&wf ç oD&d"r®&wf ç tJ;rGefw&m ç apmvuGef;tdef ç ydkufoifh&H onftrwf 16 - OD;onft
aqmiftdrfavSrSwf,kwfwuf&dSMuonf/
vuf0J;awmf'l;ae OD;ysHcsD ç aygif;rJ;em; ç a&Tzsifyef;qdk;a&T0wfqHESifhokH;rwf ç trw½kyfeDrGrf;
a&Tmu,f ç xD;eDanmif½Guf okH;qifh ç avScifw,mif tjzLrdk;ay;awmfrlonf/
ysHESifhwuG vuf0J;'l;ae ç vufsmjypf rif;&J;ocF,m ç &J;oif&H ç apmoDt*¾&wf ç b,ausmfolç
vufsmysHcsD ç aumfawmf&EÅrdwf ç jAawZ ç &J;uref ç ykna'0 ç eE´ausmfol ç edAva,mf"m ç tJ;uGefydef
apmEkodef onftrwf 15 - OD;onf taqmiftrSwfavSrSwf,kwfwuf&dSMuonf/
vufsm'l;ae&mOD;ae ç eE´a,mf"m ç aygif;rJ;em; ç a&Tzsifyef;odk; ç a&t0wfqHESifhokH;rwf ç tr
w½kwfeDrGrf; ç yef;&Spfygifh ç a&Tusyf ç xD;eDanmif&Guf ç avScifw,if tjzLrdk;ay;awmfrlonf/
eE´a,mf"mESifhwuG vufsmawmf'l;ae ç ordefjA ç "r®&J;uref ç aZ,sumrPd ç &Gwfoif&H ç
wmaem ç b,bkrd® ç Oykwfnd ç wdrf;pJ; ç vuf0J;&EÅol ç Zdwfoif&J; ç rif;vufsm ç oD&d*kPÖ&wf ç
a'gruef ç apmrEk&wf ç jAoydkufonf 16-OD;taqmifta,miftrSwft,Swfwuf&dSonf/
vufsmOóa&m ç vuf0J;awmfpenfae&mOD;ae ç aygif;rJ;em;a&Tzsif cg;wGif e0&wfpDonf/ v
ig;uem;ay;awmfrlonf/ v / (trw½kywfeDrGrf; ç yef;&SpfyGifh ç a&Tusyf ç xD;eDanmifa½Guf ç cif'k,if
tjzLrdk;/)
vufsmOóa&mESifhwuG &ræa,mf"m ç ok'¨&mZm ç eE´oMuø ç vuf0J;a&Tawmif ç eE´Av ç
aZ,sa,mf"m ç wduúpEåK ç ol&d,ur®m ç ol&d,&mZm ç ydkufur®m ç &J;ur®m ç oD&deE´ ç oHrkH ç pE´&moD
onftrwf 15 - OD;onf vuf0J;awmf penfae taqmuftdrfavSrSwf,kwfwuf&dSonf/
 jAuvifokH;vufsmawmf penfae&mOD;ae ç aygif;rJ;em; ç a&TzsifykH yef;qdk; ç a&T0wfqHESifh av;
rwf ç trw½kyfeDrGrf; ç txufavSrSwfay;awmfrlonf/

jAuvifokH;ESifh wuG a0go&mZm ç txeHol ç jAHK;pHol ç 0dokur® ç od&duref ç oD&drEk½Gyf ç jAHK;ur®m ç

apmwykef ç apmuGefom ç vdkufurH ç eE´b, ç odefur®m ç nDuHawmif ç puú&GwfoH onftrwf 15
OD;onfvufsmawmfpenfae taqmifta,mif tdrfavsrSwf,kwfwuf&dSonf/
axmrdkif;&J; vuf0J;awmftwGif ba0gae&mOD;ae ç aygif;rJ;em; ç a&TzsifykHyef;qdk; ç a&T0wfqH
ESifhav;rwf ç trw½kyfeDrGrf; ç yef;av;yGifha&Tusyf ç vbuftdk; ç avScifw,if tjzLrdk;ay;awmfrl
onf/
axmrdkif;&J;ESifhwuG &J;wdkif ç umrPd ç &mZa,mf"m ç vufsma&Taumif ç Av&J;ol çpuúa,mf"m
odcF&m ç todwsm ç bGm;ayaoOf ç b,a'0 ç onftrwf 16 -OD;onf vuf0J;awmftwGif; ba0g
aetaqmif,kwfwuf&dSonf
pE´ur®m ç vufsmawmftwGif; ba0gOD;aeaAmif;rJ;em; ç a&TzsifykH yef;qdk;v a&T0wfqHESifhav;
rwf ç trw½kyfeDrGrf; ç yef;av;ygifh ç a&TMuyfvbuftdk; ç avScif'k,if; tjzLrdk;ay;awmfrlonf/
pE´ur®mESifhwuG vufsmawmftwGif;ba0gae ç vuf0J;b, ç b,eE´rdwf ç oHrdkif;aetdef ç
pG,f&&mZm ç vdkufuref ç rPda'0 ç tpdwfy&wf ç om0efomr ç tbukef;ykduf ç abmif&Hod&d ç
urefjyK ç OayaoOf ç OydÜa'0 ç onftrwf 14 OD; vufsmawmftwGif; ba0gaeUtaqmif,kwfwuf
&dSonf/
O'def&mZm ç vuf0J;awmfjyifba0gae&mOD;ae aAmif;rJ;em;a&TzsifykHyef;qdk; a&T0wfqHESifhav;rwfç
tr w½kyfeDrGrf; ç yef;&Spfygifh txufw½kyfeDav;rwf ç tjzLav;rwf ç a&Tusyf ç avScifw,iftjzLrdk;
ay;awmfrlonf/
O'def&mZmESifhwuG vuf0J;awmf tjyifba0gae **Fol ç eE´yMuH ç Zdwfy&H ç vufsmeE´ypönf; ç
&mZb, od'd¨ ç b,aZ,s ç eE´aZ,s ç jAHKoD&d ç to0wf ç p½Gwfyref ç tyukef ç onftrwf 12
OD;onf vuf0J;awmf jyifba0gaeaqmif,kwfwuf&dSonf/
vufsmawmfjyifba0gaepm&if;r&/
aem&m 5 - oG,fodkU ra&mufvuf0J;awmfyef;ykqdk; ç acgifxkyfESifh cpm;&aomtrwfum; -
pdwfudsK oD&dy&dwf ç &efjyykH ç yknma,mf"m ç a'0"r® ç od&d&mZm ç ydkufyHusdK; ç acwåaoe ç "r®a,mf"m
tvdkufiH ç yknur®m ç ocFga,mf"m ç oD[a'0 ç ykn"r® ç &mZAva,mf"m ç rPdol& ç vdkufuJ;o&dç
oka'0 ç rEkacrm ç Muywdrf ç &r®a'0 ç pdawåmfpGef ç reodcFg ç pG,f,ur®m ç ydkufuol çod&dMuJ;tkef;ç
ydkuHaumif; ç yknred ç puüa'0 ç tJ;oda'0 ç Zvb, ç pMub,pdwfuvef ç ok'¨urÜmçtJ;yodwf
ydkufytdwf ç £E´oD&d ç puúoD[ç orEÅ&mZf ç onftrwfaygif;okH;usdyfudk;OD;onf ae&m 5 -oG,f
odkUra&mufvuf0J;awmfu yef;ykqdk;acgif;xkyfESifhESifh cpm;&onf/
ae&m 5 - oG,fodkUra&muf vufsmawmfucpm;&onf trwfum; ydkufu&wf ç £E´&mr ç
&J;a,mf"m ç oGm'dEéom ç Zdwfwref ç tJ;oDw,m ç aoOfb,m ç tdefur®m ç ZdwfuHaumif; ç &mZAv
yknmoD[ç t*¾a,mf"m ç "r®a'0 ç jAHr&wf ç &J;ol ç jAe&J; ç ol&a,mfA"m ç oHy&J; ç a'0a,mf"m ç
pG,fpr® ç b,ocFg ç 0gokb ç &Hol& ç Mua'gif&wf ç tdefa'0 ç ol&ur®m ç puúaoe ç oD&ywf ç
pGefraea,mf"m ç vdkufuHydkuf ç jAHKuref ç todykH ç ydkufuwH ç tbdeE´&mZm ç Zdwfyodkuf ç ocF"r® ç
abm*a'0 ç pGEÅa,mf"monftrwfokH;usdyfudk;OD;onf ae&mig;oG,fodkUra&muf vufsmawmfuyef;qdk;
acgifxkyfESifhcpm;&onf/
rif;nDrif;om; aqGawmfrsdK;awmfae&mvGwfaeaom rª;BuD;rwfcdkifvnf;trsm;&dSonf/
 330 - [Hom0wDü&Sm;yg;iwfrGwfjcif;taMumif;

,if;aomtcg [Hom0wDjynfBuD;ü jrwfaomt&nfESifhjynfpkHaom a&Teef;awmfjymom'f\ wifh

w,fjcif; a&TNrdKUawmf\ wifhw,fjcif;udk½Ionf&dSaom taomu"r®&mZm rnfaomrif;\ae&mjzpf
aom ygwvdykwfjynfBuD;\ wifhw,faom jrwfaomtoa&uJhokdU tvGefwifhw,fvSonf/ qifoH ç
jrif;oH ç vloH ç pnfBuD; ç cGufcGif; ç c½koif;toHwdkUjzifh r[mork'´&m vdIif;xaomtoHuJhodkU tkwf
tkwfusufusuf rqdwfrnHjzpfav\/
xdktcg [Hom0wDr[m&mZXmeDjynfBuD;ü vlolrsm;vSaomaMumifh aMu;bdk;qGHUí pyg;wwif;
udk aMu;pifw&mwq,fhig;jyKonf/ qifjzLqifrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; yk*Hrif;udk
wyfrª; r[ma,mf"mufk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlí wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç AdkvfESpfaomif;ESifh vif;Zif;
aus;rS pyg;rsm;udk odrf;,lacs[líapawmfrlonf/ yk*Hrif;udk vif;Zif;aus;odkUa&mufvQif rav;rpm;jyK
aomaMumifh vif;Zif;om;wdkU qifjrif;Adkvfyg½kH;pkíwdkufavonf/ r[ma,mf"m[laom ppfuJ;udkvnf;
ol&avonf/ yk*Hrif;vnf;ysufacsí wyfom;ESifhwuGjyefvSmonf/ [Hom0wDodkUa&mufvQif qifjzL
rsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; trsufjyif;pGm&dSí ]]boef;ynm}}[laomt&yfü pyfBuD;vkyf
apí wyfom;ESifhwuG yk*Hrif;udkpyfwGifavSmifí rD;wdkufrnftjcif;t&mudkjyKonf/ ,if;aomtcg
jrefrm q&mawmf ç rGefq&mawmf ç ,Gef;q&mawmftaygif;wdkUonf nDnGwfawmfrlMuí ysOfpyfwyfudk
zsufqD;NyD;aom rD;udkowfí yk*Hrif;ESifhwyfom;taygif;wdkUudk pyfumvTwfí ausmif;odkUcsnf;,lí<u
awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUq&mawmftaygif;wdkUvTwfawmfrlMuaomfvnf; trsufawmftxl;r&dS/ olrcHEdkif
atmif onfudkcHawmfrlonf/
 331 - ,dk;',m;rif; tBuD;&[efjyKítaumufMuHykH

,dk;',m;rif;BuD;tudk txufuac:awmfrlí [Hom0wDrsmpaMumESpfxyftdrfjzLay;í ae&

oolonf &[efjyKygawmhrnf avQmufonfudk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ,kHMunfawmfrlí
txl;xl;aom ydwf&rwD rl&Do[Hpaom &[ef;y&du©m&mwdkUudk tyfawmfrlí &[ef;jyKavonfudk
,dk;',m;rif; &[ef;jyKoolonf ,dk;',m;odkU bk&m;ykxdk;tzl;tjrifavQmufíoGm;onf/
xdkodkU ,dk;',m;rif; &[ef;jyKool om;ti,f jA&mroGefonf txufu Zif;r,faomif;usef;
ícsDawmfrlaomtcg aemufawmfwGifygonfESifh emívGefavonf/ jA&mroGefr,m;vnf; ,kd;',m;odkU
oGm;íaeygonf avQmufaomaMumifh ypönf;y,HESifhwuG jA&mroGefom;r,m;wdkUudk &mZrEk[laomt
rwfudk ,kd;',m;odkU ydkU&avonf/ &mZrEkvnf; ,kd;',m;odkUra&mufcif jA&mroGefr,m;ESifh t,nf
tyg;&dSavonf/ xdktaMumif;udk ,dk;',m;rif;odvQif &mZrEkonf ruspfrvpfracsriHjyKusifhaMumif;
udk a&Tb0g;awmfatmufodkUpmqufvdkufonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ,kd;',m;rif;u qufvdkufaompmudkMum;
awmfrlvQif trsufawmfjyif;pGmxGufí &mZrEkudk uGyfrsufawmfrlav\/ ,if;odkUrS &mZrEki,fonf
&mZ0wfudk vGefusL;íusifhaomaMumifh tjypftavsmuf uGyfrsufawmfrlonf[lí Zvoif&H[laomt
rwfudkapawmfrlonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;&[ef;jyKoolvnf; y&ok'¨jyKí om;,kd;',m;rif;ESifh wcsufwnf;
wdkifyifí Zvoif&HvmaMumif;udkMum;vQif c&D;uBudKí Zvoif&HudkuGyfav\/ xdktaMumif;udk
,kd;',m;rif;tBuD;oruf Mo,mydóavmufpm;Mum;vQif þodkUqdk\/ ,dk;',m;rif;onf udk,fudk
trsuf&SmírMuH&maomtMuHudkMuHonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;uJhodkU igudk,fudkigtrsufr&Smaumif;acs/ a&T
b0g;awmfatmufodkU tvsifoGm;íjrJ;pGJ;&rsoifhrnf[lí qdkNyD;vQif tvkH;t&if; qifjrif;ESifhwuG
[Hom0wDodkUcsDvSmí ouú&mZf (930)udk;&mokH;q,f e,kefvjynfhausmf 2-&uf 6 -MumaeU a&Tb0g;
awmfatmufodkU a&mufvSmonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; tm;&awmfrlí apmf
bGm;aomifusOf[laom trnfESifh rudk#fxD;jzLudkay;awmfrlonf/
,dk;',m;rif;vnf; Mo,mydóavmufpm; [Hom0wdokdU 0ifavNyD[líMum;vQiftvkH;t&if;
qifjrif;trsm;ESifh ydóavmufodkUcsDvSmí NrdKUwGif&dSaom orD;ESifhwuG olaX;ol<u,fwdkUudk odrf;,lí
,dk;',m;odkUoGm;av\/
 332 - ,dk;',m;odkUcsD&efwyfawmfrsm;udkpDrHykH

xdktaMumif;rsm;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;Mum;awmfrlvQif þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/ ,dk;',m;pm;

onf aus;Zl; opömawmfESpfyg;udkrapmifh þodkUaomif;usef;ykefuefrnfudk tMuH&dSonfudk MuHjcifonf
um; apmfbGm;aomifusOf,dk;',m;NrdKUudk rif;jyK&rnfuHodkUa&mufí aomif;usef;ykefuefrdavonf jzpf
awmhonf[lí rdefUawmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUvQif om;awmfr[mOy&mZmtp&dSaom rª;awmfrwfawmf t
aygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlí ,dk;',m;odkUcsDrnfrsm yodkUxifMuoenf;[lí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonf/
,if;aomtcg Anm;'avQmufonf/
,ck,dk;',m;rif;onf &[ef;uvljyKí wcsufwnf;MuH&mrSm ,dk;',m;wjynfomMuHrnfrxif?
vif;Zif;wjynfaxmif v0dkufwjynfaxmif ç þ odkUjynfaxmifaygif;í MuHpnfonft[ef&dSonf/
tjcm;NrdKU&GmudkvkyfMuHouJhodkU ayghayghavsmavsmh rav;rpm;csDawmfrlíroifhacs/ EdkifiHawmftvkH;wGif&dS
aom xD;aqmif;rif;wumtaygif;ESifhwuG qifvkH;jrif;&if;ppfonfAdkvfygpD&ifawmfrlí ½kH;½kH;pkpkcsDawmf
rlí&yf&yfaeaevkyfMuHawmfrlonfjzpfrS ,kd;',m;NrdKUudktvdkawmfjynfhvG,fr,f/ wyg;EdkifiHu ulnDvSm
aomfvnf; cGJ;jcr;fí vkyfMuH&ap[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;'vavQmufaompum;udk OwåroD&daZ,sol&Mum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/
uRefawmfAnm;'vavQmufaom ta&;onfoifhvSayonf/odkU&mwGif,ckta&;onfvsifvsifvsm;vsm;
rvdkarQmfwif;axmuf½Iawmfrlí rdk;pJ;avomrS pnf;pnf;MuyfMuyf csDawmfrloifhonf/ waMumif;rSm
vnf; ,dk;',m;vif;Zif;v0dkufom;wdkU vkyf&nfMuH&nfudk uRefawmfwdkUod&NyD/ uRefawmfwdkUvkyf&nf
MuH&nfudkvnf; rdrdwdkUod&NyD;onf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,kd;',m;rif;orufapmfbGm;aomifusnf
ESifhwuG a&Tb0g;awmfatmufu wyfrª;ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlí tvkH;t&if;ESifh ydóavmufNrdKUodkUcsDí tcdkif
tvkHaeaprS oifhrnfxifonf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
qifjzLrsm;b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;OwåroD&daZ,sol&avQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmf
rlí ,kd;',m;rif;orwf apmfbGm; aomifusOfwwyf ç Anm;avmwwyf ç Anm;usef;wwyf ç
Anm;y&Hwwyf ç onfav;wyfudk wdkufqifokH;&m ç jrif;okH;axmif ç Adkvfajcmufaomif;ESifh
ydóavmufNrdKUodkU tvsif0gqdkvqef; 5 -&ufaeUcsDonf/ ydóavmufodkUa&mufvQif NrdKUjyusKH;ajrmif;
ypöif&ifavsufraumif;onfudk jyifqifvkyfaqmifí aus;pGef&GmvufwGif&dSaom pyg;rsm;udk NrdKUwGif;odkU
csnf; oGif;íusDaqmufí xm;ukefonf/
 333 - odef;CdkuRef;ujroydwfawmfa&mufjcif;

[Hom0wDrSmvnf; 0gqdkvwGif odef;Cdkrif;u pwkr[m&Zmfewfrif;BuD;av;yg;vªaom tem;

&pfav;&pfaom ausmufoydwfudk q&mbkef;awmfBuD;ESifhwuG trª;trwfwdkUoabFmwGifwifíqufvSm
onf/ ½dkaoc,rf;pGmaompum;jzifh ajciHom,mpGmavQmufvdkufaom &mZoHpmvnf;ygonf/ oydwf
awmfwifaom oabFma&mufaMumif;udk ykodefuavQmufvSmaom pum;udkMum;awmfrlvQif oabFmqdyf
odkU a&TavSmfum;wGif a0gjymom'fwifí avS&HavSmfum; aMumhavS tpif;okH;&mausmfwdkUudk rif;nDrif;
om; rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk aqmif,l&avonf/ [Hom0wDodkUaqmif,lí a&mufvQif oydwf
awmfudk a&TcsdKifhtbkH;ESifhwuG vkyfawmfrlí e0&wfudk;yg;jc,fvS,fpDrHí eef;awmfwGifudk;uG,fawmfrl
onf/ odef;Cdkrif;q&mrax&fudkvnf; eE´0efO,smOfwGif om,mvSpGmaom ausmif;aqmufaqmfrlí
oDwif;okH;ae&onf/ ygVdt|uxm#Dumuseawmfrlaom jrefrmq&mawmf rGefq&mawmfwdkUESifhvnf;
rjywfajyma[mawmfrlMuonf/ ypönf;av;yg;vnf; axmufyHhawmfrlonf/
yXr0gqdkvjynfhausmf ckESpf&uf t*FgaeU [Hom0wDrSm twkvoD&dr[m&mZma'0d &Sifrdbk&m;
ewfjynfpHawmfrlonf/ xdktaMumif;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; tvGefMunfuGJ;awmfrlonf/
 334 - ,dk;',m;rif; vif;Zif;rif;wdkU
ydóavmufNrdKUudkwdkufvSmykH

apmfbGm;apmfaomifusnfESifh Anm;okH;OD; ydóavmufNrdKUudk vkyfaqmifjyifqifí pHaeaMumif;

udk,dk;',m;rif;Mum;vQif vif;Zif;rif;odkUapí vif;Zif;rif;uvnf; ,kd;',m;uulnDrnf[lí qifvkH;
jrif;&iftrsm;ESifh ydóavmufodkUcsDvSmonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;rlum; - wdkufavSig;&m ç avSmum;oHavS
okH;axmifcefUESifh a&aMumif; ydóavmufodkUcsDvSmonf/ xdktaMumif;udk Anm;okH;OD;uavQmufvmí
Mum;awmfrlvQif þodkUrSmawmfrlonf/ ,dk;',mrif;ESifh vif;Zif;rif;vmonfudk wOD;udkrS rvGwfapESifh
&atmifbrf;av/ xyf&mudkvnf; rvGwfapESif igrlum; - 0gvuRwfí rdk;pJ;vif;yGifhrS xD;aqmifrif;
wumtaygif;wdkUESifh csDawmfrlrnf[lí rSmawmfrlonf/ apmfbGm;aomifusnfESifhAnm;okH;OD;wdkUvnf;
trdefUawmftwdkif; r,kwfrvGef&atmif pD&ifukefonf/
,kd;',m;rif;vnf; a&aMumif;csDí urefydkufodkUa&mufvSmonf/ vuGef;oDrmpm;vnf;
wdkufqifw&m ç AdkvfokH;aomif;cefUESifh urefydkufodkUa&mufvSmonf/ vif;Zif;rlum; - c&D;a0;onfESifh
ra&mufvSmao;/ ,dk;',m;rif;vnf; vuGef;oDrmpm;a&mufvQif ydóavmufodkUcsDvSmí NrdKU&if;odkU
MuyfMuyfcsOf;í wyfcdkifwyfvkHwnfíaeonf/ apmfbGm;aomifusnfESifh Anm;okH;OD;wdkUvnf; Anm;usef;
axmwljzpfaom pE´m&moDESifh Anm;y&HnDjzpfaom orEÅ&yfwdkUudk wdkufqif&Spfq,f ç ppfonfol&J; ESpf
aomif;cefUESifh wHcg;udkbGifhí vuGefoDrmpm;wyfudkwdkufonf/ vuGefoDrmpm;wyfysufí vuGefoDrm
pm;vnf;qkH;av\/ ]]vlvnf;okH;axmifESpf&maoav\}} / usefavonfolwdkUvnf; ,kd;',m;rif;&dS&m
a&aMumif;odkUajy;aví aygif;vmonf/ pE´&moD orEÅ&yfwdkUvnf; a&wyfodkUwdkufatmifvdkufxyfí
wdkufav\/ ,dk;',m;rif;avSwyfom;wdkUvnf; pdefajymif;jrwylBuD;rsm;ESifh qD;íjypfvQif &J;rufwdkUxd
yg;acsonfESifh &onfh qifokH;q,f ç vlig;axmifausmfudk ,líNrdKUwGif;odkU0ifonf/
,if;urS 15 -&ufcefU&dSvQif vif;Zif;rif;a&mufvSmí NrdKUusHK;em;wdkifatmif wyfcsíaevSm
onf/ apmfbGm;aomifusnfESifh Anm;okH;OD;wdkU EdIif;&SnfwdkifyifNyD;vQif wdkufqifESpf&m ç AdkvfESpfaomif;
cefUESifh wHcg;udkbGifhíwdkufonf/ vif;Zif;rif;rcHEdkifí NrdKUuqkefíaeav\/ wyfudkvnf; rDwdkuf&\/
,if;odkUrS ,dk;',m;rif;vnf; Munf;wyfqkwfvQif NrdKU&if;wGifrae0Hhí ig;&mwGif;cefUt&yfodkUqkwfíae
av\/
okH;&uf&dSvQif ,dk;',m;rif;ESifh vif;Zif;rif;wdkifyifí jrpfnmrSopfBuD;rsm;udk ckwfapNyD;vQif
abmiftvHokH;&mcefUvkyfí ydóavmuftnmuxm;í nOfhrdk;aomufxcsdefwGif rD;wdkufí abmifudk
arQmvdkufNyD;vQif ,dk;',m;rif;vnf; avSESpfaxmifausmf ç Adkvfwodef;ESpfaomif;cefUESifh pdefajymif;
aoewf azsmfazsmfypfí a&aMumif;uwdkufonf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; qifjrif;Adkvfygtrsm;ESifh Munf;
aMumif;uwdkufonf/
apmfbGm;aomifusnfESifh Anm;usef;axmvnf; wdkufqifw&m ç AdkvfokH;aomif;ESifh wHcg;udk
bGifhí vif;Zif;rif;udkwdkufonf/ vif;Zif;rif;wdkUuarQmvdkufonf rD;ykHabmifudkvnf; ol&J;aumif;
waxmifausmfowfaponf/ rD;aoí abmifxufwGifygaom vif;Zif;om;wdkUudkowf&onf/
Munf;aMumif; vif;Zif;rif;u ulvSmaomolwdkUudkvnf; NrdKUxdyfupdefajymif; jrwylBuD;ESifhypfvQif
vif;Zif;om;wdkUrcHEdkifí wyfodkUaygif;avonf/ vif;Zif;rif;wyfysufíqkwfav\/ vdkufxyfí
wdkufjyefonf/ qifckESpf q,fausmf ESif vlokH;&mausmf&vdkufonf/ aoavonfvnf;rsm; \/
,if;odkUrS &onfqifjrif;vlol wdkUudkodrf;,lí NrdKUodkUjyefonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;vnf; a&aMumif;
NrdKUodkUcsOf;í wdkufvSmonfudk Anm;usef;ESifh Anm;y&HcHí pdefajymif;jrwylBuD;rsm;ESifh ypfonf/
wcsdKUaomavSepfav\/ wcsdKUvnf; usdK; jywfuGJ;yJhav\/ ,if;odkUvQif ,dk;',m;rif;rcHEdkifíqkwf
av\/
Anm;ESpfOD;vnf; wdkufavSr&dSaomaMumifh vdkufírwdkuf&acs/ þodkUtpDt&ifjzifh taxGaxG
MuHíkvkyfMuHjim;aomfvnf; atmifjcif;udkr&ukefvQif NrdKUESifhreD;ra0;csOf;jyefvSmí wyfESifhcsaeNyD;vQif
vif;Zif;trwf ]]Anm;vuGef;ESifh Anm;usef;axm}}udk qifpD;csif;wdkufrnf[k [pfíqdkvm&onf/ xdk
pum;udk Anm;usef;axmMum;vQif þodkUqdkjyef&onf/ qifvQifvnf;wpD;csif; ç jrif;vQif;vnf;wpD;
csif; ç ajcvQifvnf; wa,mufcsif; ZrÁL'dyfajrjyif0,f ighudkb,fol0Hhrnfenf;[lí qdkjyef&onf/
apmfbGm;aomifusnf ç Anm;avm ç Anm;y&HwdkUvnf; olUtauGUtaumufMuHonfudkodEdkifrnfavm/
pD;csif;wdkufroifh/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh igwdkUu[pfí qdkapOD;rnf[kqkdukefonfum; ]]Anm;usef;
axm}}onf wdkif;BuD;jynfBuD;taygif;xD;aqmif;rif;wumwdkU\ ocifjzpfawmfrlaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;
BuD;bk&m;uRefawmfjzpfonf/ ]]Anm;vuGef;}}rlum; - vif;Zif;rif;uRefrQom qifwdkufbufrwef
]]vif;Zif;rif;qifpD;csif;wdkufaomfrlum; Anm;usef;axmudk xGufvSmpdrfhrnf}}[lí qdkjyefonf/
,kd;',m;vif;Zif;rif;wdkUvnf; NrdKUwGif;u[pfaom pum;udkMum;vQif NrdKUudkcsDíaomfvnf; rwdkuf0Hh?
ta0;ucGgí 0gacgifvonf wefaqmifrkef;vwdkif&Híaeonf/
 335 - qifjzLrsm;&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;,dk;',m;odkUcsDwwuf&ef
wyfawmfrsm;pD&ifcefU&efykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; apmfbGm;apmuefNrdKUpm;taygif;wdkUudk

txufuyif aemufawmfvdkufac:csawmfrlonf/ oDwif;uRwfv tnDtnGwfa&mufMuvQif ,dk;',m;
odkUcsDawmfrlrnfudk pDU&efcefU&efawmfrlonf/ w&zsm;rnfaom trwfudk tvkH;t&if;ESifh wuG
[Hom0wDa&TNrdKUawmfudk tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/
oHus,f[laom trwfudk tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG ykodef ç ajrmif;jr ç tp&dSaom taemufNrdKU
wvTm;udk tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlonf/ a&Tarmfawmbk&m;wGif ok"r®mp&yf aZmwd,m,Hausmif;udk
ausmif;&H 40 - ESifhwuG olykefwdkUtxufu rD;wdkufavonfrsm;udk w&mzsm;udkaiGawmftyfí aqmuf
vkyf&onf/ 0efNrdKUwGif bk&m;jrwfpGmqHawmfbDvl;wdkUvkyfaom apwDysufavonfrsm;udkvnf; t*Faw
xD;vkyf&pf&onf/ ,if;odkUrS qifawmfjrif;awmfAdkvfygwdkUudk a&wGufpkaqmif;awmfrlícsD&rnfhwyfudkpD
&ifawmfrlonf/
(1) rdk;aumif; apmfbGm; wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç vuf0J;
ausmfoludk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(2) rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç a'0ur®m
udkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(3) Anm;'vwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç aZ,sol&udk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(4) od&d"r®maomuwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç to0wfudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(5) Anm;£E´wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç vufsmcifrGefudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(6) &mZoMuøwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç puúa,mf"mudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(7) aemf&xmwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç &r®a,mf"mudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(8) Anm;pufwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç apmwdkif;cHudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(9) aersdK;ausmfxifwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç pG,f,oifh&H
udkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(10) eE´a,mf"mwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç b,aZ,sudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(11) om;awmf r[mOy&mZfwyfawmfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç
aZ,sausmfxifudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
onf 11 - wyfudk r[mOy&mZmudk AdkvfcsKyfcefUawmfrlonf/
(1) rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç aZ,swref
udkppJuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(2) Aef;armfapmfbGm;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç
vufsmaZ,soludk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(3) Anm;ywfwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç&mZwrefudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(4) rif;r[mwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç axmrdIif;&J;udk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(5) Anm;y½l;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç eE´oludkppfuJ;cefU
awmfrlonf/
(6) b,oMuøwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç rPda'0udk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(7) tJ;rGefw&mwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç aZ,sausmfoludk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(8) od&daZ,saemf&xmwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç pE´ur®m
udkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(9) ocF,mwyfwgif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç vufsmjypfukd
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(10) eE´yMuHwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç rPdol&udk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(11) nDawmfjynfbk&if owkd;"r®&mZm wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç
Adkvfwaomif; ç b,eE´rdwfudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
onf wyf 11 - wyfudk owdk;"r®&mZmudk Adkvfrª;cefUawmfrlonf/

(1) oDaygapmfbGm;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç wk&ifa,mf"m

udk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(2) odEDéapmfbGm;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç od&eEå&wfudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(3) b,umrPdwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç od&drEk&wfudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(4) Anm;jAJ;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç wk&ifa,mf"mudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(5) oufawmf&SnfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç jAHKur®mudk ppfuJ;
cefUawmfrlonf/
(6) ordeftJ;y&J;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç aZ,sa,mf"m
udk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(7) b,ausmfolwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç ydkufur®mudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(8) ordefaigcGifwwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç wk&ifAvudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(9) eE´ol&d,wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç od&d*kPÖ&wfudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(10) eE´oMuøwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç od&d"r®&wfudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(11) nDawmf awmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç
Adkvfwaomif; ç aZ,s&Eårdwfudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
onfwyf 11 - wyfudk bk&ifrif;acgifudk Adkvfrª;cefUawmfrlonf/

(1) tkef;aygif;apmfbGm; wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç

vuf0J;eE´oludk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(2) anmifa&TapmfbGm;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç wk&ifod&d
udkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(3) rdk;eJ;apmfbGm;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç pkuúaw;udk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(4) (OwåroD&daZ,ol&wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç
puúa'0udk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf)
(5) a,mfu&wfwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç wk&ifoD&dudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(6) rif;&J;ausmfxifwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç pE´a,mf"m
udk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(7) ordefoHvdkufwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç od&da,mf"mudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(8) Anm;y&H wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç ykna'0udk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(9) OrdefvuGef;tdef wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç
ykna,mf"mudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(10) eE´aZ,swyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç oD&daZ,sudk
ppfuJ; cefUawmfrlonf/
(11) orufawmf t0bk&if owdk;rif;apm wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç
Adkvfwaomif; çvufsm&EÅrdwfudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf
onf wyf 11 - wyfudk owdk;rif;apmudk Adkvfrª;cefUawmfrlonf/

(1) Zif;r,f Anm;aoOfvkH wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç

wk&ifa,mf"mudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf
(2) Anm;oHvHwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç wk&if ypönf;udk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
 (3) Zif;r,f Anm;eefwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç
abm*aoeudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(4) usdKif;wkHapmfbGm;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç pGEÅ&moDudk
ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
(5) wlawmf rif;ausmfxifwyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç Adkvfwaomif; ç
eE´od&dudk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/
onf 5 - wyfudk rif;ausmfxifudk Adkvfrª;cefUawmfrlonf/

,if;urS qifjzLqifeDrsm;ocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;wyfawmfwGif0if;awmfav;rsufESmom;av;
aomif;udk a&T'dkif; ç a&TvTm; ç a&Tum ç a&TvSHpGJ;apí vuf0J;vufsm a&SUaemufwaomif;pDvdkuf&onf/
ukvm;bk&if*sD av;&mwdkUudkvnf; a&Ttkyfxkyf abmif;bd0wfapí pdefajymif; av;&mpGJ;apvsuf
vuf0J;vufsma&SUaemuf w&mpDvdkuf&onf/ ukvm;yoDav;axmifwdkUudkvnf; (oHarmufwdk abmif;
bD 0wfapNyD;vQif aoewfpGJ;apí a&SUaemufvuf0J;vufsmwaxmifpDvdkuf&onf? a&TarmufwdkwGif
a&Tyef;yefapí a&Tyg;uma&Tcsyf0wfaom) jrif;av;axmifESifh vuf0J;vufsma&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/
a&TvSHudkif av;axmifwdkUudkvnf; arSmufwdkeD rsOf;euf0wfapí qifwyftMum;tMum;wGif vdkuf&
onf/ yef;qdk;eD;acgif;xkyfESifh a&TarSmufvlaqmif;apí a&T"g;pnf;qD;apaom "m;om;av;axmifwdkUudk
vnf; vuf0J;vusmfa&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ apmfbGm;apmfuefrª;BuD;rwfBuD;om;av;&mwdkUudkvnf;
wdkufqifav;&mESifh vuf0J;vufsm a&SUaemufvdkuf&onf/ wyfrawmfwGif
a&SUawmfu oD&daZ,sausmfxifudkwyfrª;/ &EÅoludk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/ vufsmawmfu
ouf&Snfausmfxifudk wyfrª;/ vufsm&EÅoludk ppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/ vuf0J;awmf eE´oludk wyfrª;/
vuf0J;&EÅrdwfudkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlonf/ aemufawmfu b,ausmfxifudk wyfrª;/ "r®od&dudk ppfuJ;cefU
awmfrlonf/
 336 - ,dk;',m;odkUcsDwufawmfrlykH

wyfrawmfwGifygonfh wdkufqifav;&m ç jrif;av;axmif ç vufeufudkif ig;aomif; ajcmuf

axmif ç wyfrawmfESifhwuG wyfaygif; 53 - wGifygonfh wdkufqifaygif; (5300)ig;axmifhokH;&m ç
jrif;aygif; (53000)ig;aomif; okH;axmif/ ppfonfol&J;aygif; ig;odef;av;aomif;ajcmufaxmifESifh
pMu0aw;rif;\ toa&uJhodkU tvGefwifhw,fpHy,fawmfrlvQif ouú&mZf (930) udk;&mhokH;q,f
oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 6 -&uf/ we*FaEGaeU [Hom0wDaejynfawmfucsDawmfrlí r&fatmifom[l
aom wyfawmfwGifcsawmfrlonf/ rm&fatmifom[laom wyfawmfuonf ,kd;',m;ajrmuftif;awmf
[laomt&yfodkU av;q,fhckESpfpcef;csDavonf/ ydóavmufNrdKUrSm&dSavaom apmfbGm; aomifusnf ç
Anm;avm ç Anm;usef;axm ç Anm;y&HwdkUudkvnf;ac:awmfrlíwdkufqifokH;&m ç jrif;okH;axmif ç Adkvf
ajcmufaomif;ESifh rdrdwdkU&onfh vufeufud&d,m okHUvlqifjrif;wdkUudk vufaqmifawmfqufukefonf/
qifjzLqifeDrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;apmfbGm;aomifusnfESifhAnm;usef;axm
udk tm;&awmfrlí taqmifta,mif t0wftpm;rsm;pGm qkay;awmfrlonf/ Anm;avmESifh Anm;y&H
udkrlum; - ,dk;',m;rif;ydóavmufNrdKUudk wdkufvSmaomtcg NrdKUwGif;uomcHonf/ vdkufírwdkuf/
vdkufíwdkuf&onf&dSaomf ,dk;',m;rif;vGwfrnfavm[lí trdefUawmf&dSNyD;vQif wyfom;ESifhwuG
aus;uRefoif;yif;[la&GUudk Ekwfawmfrlonf/
,dk;',m;rif;vnf; qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ppfonfAdkvfygqifvkH;jrif;&if;
trsm;ESifh ajryifjynfhrQcsDvSmNyD[lí Mum;vQif qD;BudKírwdkuf0Hh NrdKUjy usHK;ajrmif;ypöif&ifavsmufwdkUudk
om cdkifvkHatmifpD&ifí tajrmufBuD; jrwylwdkUudk NrdKUxdyf0ef;usifpDí aus;vuf&GmvufwGif&dSaom
ol&J;olcufaumif;wdkUudk NrdKUodkUoGif;í tcdkiftvkHae\/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; ydóavmufNrdKUrsm&dSavaom wdkufavS
taygif;wdkUudk aqmif,lacs[lí pGEÅ&moDESifh orEÅ&wfudkapawmfrlonf/ pGEÅ&moDESifh orEÅ&wfwdkU
vnf; ydóavmufodkUa&mufvQif Zif;r,fuygonfhwdkufavSrsm;udk pyg;qefa&wifNyD;vQif vlemzsm;em
yifief;oolwdkUudk aqmif,lcJhí tvsifa&mufvSm\/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf pGEÅ&moDudk txufydóavmufwGif yGJ;vrf;
&onfESifh tm;&awmfrlí jAoHydkuf[laomtrnfESifhwuG uGrf;usyfvbuftdk;ay;awmfrlonf/
orEÅ&wfvnf; ydkufe&J;[laomtrnfESifhuGrf;usyfvbuftdk;ay;awmfrlonf/
 337 - ,dk;',m;rif;NrdKUudk&HívkyfMuHykH

,if;odkUrS om;awmf r[mOy&mZmtp&dSaom wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí ,ck

,dk;',m;NrdKUudk tb,fodkUvkyfMuH&aomf oifhrnfenf;[lí pdkif;jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonfudkr[mOy&mZm
þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ ,ck ,dk;',m;rif;onf NrdKUuxGufíaomfvnf;rwdkufNrdKUudk tcdkiftvkHae
avonf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUvnf; a&&pfvnf;0ef;&Hí&dSaomaMumifh tvkyftMuHcufvSonf/ t&SnftMum
0ef;&Hawmfrl&rnfvnf; aemufawmfwGifygonf &J;rufawmfwdkUwoef;cefUpifjzpfonf/ tpm;taomuf
cJ;cufvSacsonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHppfOD;bDvl;ygvkyfMuHawmfrlrS ta&;awmfNyD;vG,f
rnf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
qifjzL;rsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf þodkUrdefUawmf&dSjyefonf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUonf
a&jzifh &pf0ef;&Hí tvkyftMuHcJ;cufjim;aomfvnf; igh&J;rufawmftaygif;ESifh Munf;a& 0ef;&Hí vkyf
MuHawmfrl&onfudk ,dk;',m;NrdKUrQonf cHEdkif&monfoabm&dSrnfavm/ ,ckvnf; urydkuf ok0PÖ
avmuf aomuúwJ; ydwfpJ;NrdKUrsm;wGif&dSaom pyg;qefa&wdkUudk &J;rufawmfwdkUudko,f,lapí usDMu
aqmufí xm;pdrfhrnf/ rdk;usvQif &J;rufawmfwdkUudkvnf; v,fvkyfpdrfhrnf/ tjcm;wdkif;EdkifiHu ulnD
aomfvnf; &J;rufawmfwdkUudk cGJ;jcrf;qD;BudKí vkyfMuHpdrfhrnf tvsifwaqmvkyfMuHíroifh[k trdefU
awmf&dSNyD;vQif ,dk;',m;NrdKUodkU 59 - wyfvkH;csOf;í EGm;udkjcHavSmifouJhodkUMunf;a&0ef;&Hawmfrlonf/
,if;okdUrS ,dk;',m;aus;vufrsm;wGif&dSaom pyg;udk,lapí usDESifhcsnf;xm;&onf/ &J;ruf
awmfwdkUudkvnf; wyfbGJUp&m jrpfnmrSm 3 - qkyf 4 - qkyf 15 - awmif 16 - awmifopfckwf&onf/
opfa&mufvQif jywefaqmif;ESifhwuG opfwyfNrdKUudkvkyf&onf/ ewfbef;qif;ouJhodkU tvsifNyD;av
\/ ta&SUESifh aemifrsufESmudkrlum; - acsmif;i,faomaMumifh opfwyfcsOf;&H&onf/ taemufwrsufESm
udkrlum; - acsmif;ajrmif;us,faomaMumifh opfwyfcsOf;í rwnfomacs/ ,if;okdUvQif rª;om;rwfom;
wdkUudk 0efjyKapí jrpfwbufodkUavSESifhul;apNyD;vQif jywefaqmif;ESifhwuG wpfwyfwnfí tvkHae&
onf/ jywefaqmif;opfwyftnDtnGefNyD;vQif tajrmufaoewf jrwylESifh wifírD;aygufrdk;&Gmap
onf/
,dk;',m;NrdKUwGif;aeaomolwdkUonf rdk;BudK;usouJhodkUjywefaqmif;tdrf&musdK;ysufíxdwfvefU
jcif;jyif;pGmjzpfav\/ ,if;aomtcg ppfuJ; taygif;wdkUonf Adkvfrif;wyfrif;wdkUudk "m;cRwfíuGyfuJ;
aqmfbefukefonf/ Adkvfrif;wyfrif;taygif;wdkUonfvnf; tvGefaMumuf½GHUukefonfjzpfíjyJwefaqmif;
xufodkUwufí toufudktoufrrSwfpD&ifaqmfbefukefonf/ ol&J;olcuftaygif;wdkUonf oluypf
aomajymif;aoewfudk yrmPrjyKNrdKUudkavSum;axmifí wufrnftjcif;t&mudk omjyKukef\/ xdkodkU
vkyfMuHapaomfvnf; ,dk;',m;NrdKUxdyfu pdefajymif;jrwylvTwfvQif txdtyg;taotaysmufrsm;í
atmifjcif;odkUra&mufEdkifacs/ wyfodkUqkwfíaejyefacsonf/ xdkodkUrS ,kd;',m;NrdKUESifh trQajrawmifxyf
udk zdkUapí xkdajrawmifxufu tajrmufaoewfjrwylBuD;wifí aeUpOf&ufqufvTwfaponf/ NrdKUjy
cdkifonfESifh NrdKUpD;jypD;xlxyfvSaomaMumifh rysufEdkifacs/ þodkUtxl;xl;aom tpD&if;jcif;wdkUjzifh pD&if
awmfrlí vkyfMuHapaomfvnf; r&Edkifacs/
 338 - ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk tjyif;txefwdkufcdkuf&mwGif uRefawmf
&if; Anm;pufESifh apmwdkifcHudkuGyfrsufykH

,if;odkUvQif qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; trsufawmf&dSí þodkUtrdefU

awmf&dSonf/ nDawmf om;awmfrSpí wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUonf ighaus;Zl;awmfudkcHpm;ítrIawmfudk
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfí rxrf;aomaMumifh ta&;awmfNyD;cJonf/ ,aeUrSpí BudK;pm;tm;xkwfí trIawmf
udk xrf;&vdrfhrnf/ ,if;odkUrxrf;oolonf BuD;pGmaom tuGyfawmfudkcH&vdrfhrnf[lí trdefUawmf&dS
onf/
nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmftaygif;wdkUvnf; trdefUawmfudkMum;vQif rdrdwyfawmifwm
udk vkHjcHKjrJ;jrHatmifpD&ifí toufudk toufrrSwfnOfhaeUrjywf vkyfMuHukefonf/ xdkodkUvkyfMuHaom
tcg ,dk;',m;uypfí rSefaomvlaumifonf wpfBudrfESpfBudrfNrdKUudkwufvQif wwyfudk okH;&mav;&m
xdyg;í ]]vlaoaumifudkomwyfjyKí uG,fum&onf}} ,if;aomtcg Anm;pufwyfrª; apmwdkifcHppfuJ;
jyKaom wyfonf acsmif;em;eD;onfESifh wyf,dkifaMumif;udk ,dk;',m;wdkUodvQif avSi,fav;ig;pif;cefU
ESifhxGufvSmí wwJ;ESpfwJ;rD;wdkufavonf/ xdktaMumif;udk jynfbk&ifowdk;"r®&mZm uRefawmfwdkUjrif
vQifvdkufí wdkufavonf/ ,kd;',m;om;wdkUvnf; &onfvufeufud&d,mudk,lí ajy;0ifav\/
xdktaMumif; em;cHwdkUavQmufí Mum;awmfrlvQif udk,fwdkifawmfvmí Munfhawmfrlonf/xdk
tcg Anm;pufESifh apmwdkifajy;av\/ xdkwyfonf owdk;"r®&mZmpD&ifeufjzpfaomaMumifh nDawmfudk
trsufawmf&dSí vufa&G;wdkUudk uGyfavtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ vufa&G;wdkUvnf;nDawmfjynfbk&iftuFsDpGef;
udk udkifav\/ xdktcdkufwGif Anm;pufESifh apmwdkifcHudk jynfbk&ifuRefawmfwdkU&í qufav\/
qifjzLrsm; ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; trsufawmfjyif;pGm&dSí rnfolrQravQmufrvSJ;0Hh/
Anm;pufESifh apmwdkifcHudk uGyfrsufawmfrlav\/ wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUvnf; tom;pm;vwHhodkU
aMumufukef\/
om;awmf r[mOy&mZmvnf; pD&ifawmfrleufwyfom;taygif;wdkUudkac:awmfrlí þodkUrdefU
awmfrlonf/ ]][,fa,mufsm;wdkU .... igudkifawmfrlonfh vSHwHudk xif;jyKí xrif;csufonf&dSaomf
usufrnfavm}}[líar;awmfrlonf/ uRefawmfwdkUuvnf; bkef;BuD;onft&SifudkifawmfrlaomvSHwH
onf i,fvSonfjzpfí xrif;csufaomfvnf; rusuf&m[lí em;awmfavQmufukefonf/ xdkpum;udk
Mum;awmfrlvQif þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ]][,fa,mufsm;wdkU ... Anm;pufwyfwGif&dSaom tajrmuf
aoewfwdkUudk ol&avaomaMumifh wyfrª;ppfuJ;ESpfa,muf vkH;aoMuavonf/ ,ckvnf; tajrmuf
aoewfudkxm;bdí onfvSHwefwckrQ ,dk;',m;wdkU,lí NrdKUwGif;odkUoGif;&vQif touf&rnf[lí eif
wdkU rrSwfMuESifh[lí om;awmf r[mOy&mZmrdefUawmfrlonfudk Adkvfrif;ç wyfrif; ç ppfuJ; ç ppfuGyf
taygif;wdkUMum;vQif toufaornf[líraMumufr½GHUukef/ trIawmfudk vnf;nOfhaeBudK;pm;tm;xkwf
íxrf;ukefonf/
b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; ,dk;',m;udk&Hawmfrlonf av;vcefU&dSí ouú&mZf(931) udk;&mhokH;
q,fhwck uqkefvqef;ESpf&uf aomMumaeUwGif ,dk;',m;rif;tBuD; &[ef;uonfvljyKíaomif;usef;
ykefuefoolonf opömawmfa&mufí aoavonf/ aoavaom ,dk;',m;rif;taumifudk ppfruf&dS
onfESifh 0dwufAsmygrsm;aomaMumifh roN*ØK[fbJ;jy'g;oGwfíxm;av\/
,if;odkUrS ,dk;',m;rif;ti,f þodkU trª;trwfwdkUudk qdkonf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;csDvSmí
igwdkUNrdKUudk &Hawmfrlonfudk igwdkUutajrmufaoewfjzifhypfí aoaysmufonfvnf; ra&wGufEdkif&dSav
NyD;onf/ xdkodkUaoaysmufvsufudkyif tvkyftMuHudkwaeUrQravsmh ]olaumifudkomjirf;rjyKí} ajr
awmifudk rjywfbdkU&onf trsufawmfBuD;vSaomaMumifh odkUonftvkyftMuHudk MuHawmfrlonf/ ,ck
igrif;jyKonfvnf;rMumao;acs/ ,kd;',m;NrdKUwGif&dSaom trwfwdkUonf tcsdKUvnf; igwdkUudkESpfouf
rnf/ tcsdKUvnf;ighudkrESpfouf&dSrnf/ trsufawmfajyrnftaMumif;udkavQmufí jyefawmfrlavonf
jzpfrS igwdkUMuHBudKuforQ MuH&rnf[lí aqGom;rsdK;om;taygif;wdkUESifh wdkifyifNyD;vQif -
 339 - ,dk;',m;rif;ti,futa&;pum;pmqufykH

]]b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk uRefawmfwdkYrykefpm;yg/]]Mo,m;&H}}[laomtrwfonf uRefawmfu

ajc&if;rSm&[ef;jyKíaeonfudk vljyKíjcm;em;awmhtcif;&dSrJ;udk uREfkyfwdkU[lí taxGaxGzsm;a,mif;
oGefoifonfudk vdkufemí aomif;usef;rdavonfESifh uRefawmfb opömawmfa&mufí tedpöa&mufav
onf/ uRefawmfwdkUqufjrJ; vufaqmifawmfudktpOftwdkif;qufí trIawmfudkxrf;ygrnf[k a&Tay
wGifa&;NyD;vQif Mo,m;&H[laom trwfudkoHajccsif;cwfí vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifh qufvSm&
onf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; &mZ*kPfESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaom {u&mZfrif;jzpf
awmfrlíavQmufpmudk Mum;awmfrlvQif rnfodkUrQ trdefUawmfr&dS? Mo,m;&Hudk tusOf;xm;&mu vTwf
awmfrlí t0wftpm;qkvmbfay;awmfrlNyD;vQif rª;wumrwfwu enf;rjywfjrJ;pGJ;&onf/
 340 - pkHprf;apaomemvAdkUwyfppfysufykH

,dk;',m;rif;onf txufuyif vif;Zif;odkU ppfulac:avonf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; opöm&dS

aomaMumihf raeomí wdkufqifwaxmif ç jrif;&Spfaxmif ç ppfonfol&J;okH;aomif;cefUESifhcsDvSmonf/
xdktaMumif;udk uif;xdk;apaomolwdkUavQmufí Mum;awmfrlvQif qD;BudKípkHprf;rnf[k a,;NrdKUudkpm;
aom rif;&J;vkvifudkwyfrª;/ 0gu½kNrdKUudkpm;aom vufsmjypfudkppfuJ;cefUawmfrlí wdkufqifw&m ç
jrif;waxmif ç ppfonfol&J;av;aomif;ESifh emvAdkU[laomt&yfwdkifcsD&avonf/ rif;&J;vkvifESifh
vufsmjypfwdkUonf emvAdkUt&yfodkUa&mufvQif wyfwnfí rav;rpm;aeavonf/ ig;&ufcefU&dSí
vif;Zif;rif; a&mufvSmíwdkufavonf/ tiftm;rwefacsíysufacsonf/wyfom;ESifhwuGrif;&J;vkvif
aoavonf/ ppfuJ;vufsmjypfrlum; - jrpfpD;í uRefwusdyf - 9a,mufcefUESifh olykefuajy;xGufvSm
í wyfawmfodkUa&mufvSmonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmfom;awmfrª;awmf rwfawmftaygif;
wdkUudkac:awmfrlí rª;rwftv,fwGif vufsmjypfudk þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ eifhudk igppfuJ;cefUawmfrl
onfvnf;oltrIrxrf;vQif oludkuGyfpdrfhrnf[líigcefUawmfrlonf/odkUwyfrª;rif;&J;vkvif;ESifhwyfom;
wdkUum; - aus;Zl;awmfopömawmfudk apmifhí toufudktaocHonf/ eifrlum; - aus;Zl;awmfopöm
awmfudk rapmifhaomaMumifh jrif;pD;íajy;vSmonf/ vif;Zif;rif;om;owfrnfab;wdkUum; -eifaMumuf
onf/ eifhudk,fupí om;r,m;wdkUESifhwuG aornfab;udkum; - eifraMumuf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaom
aMumifh oifhudk om;r,m;ESifhwuG uGyfav[lírdefUawmf&dSonf/
xdktrdefUawmfudkMum;vQif vufsmjypfvnf; þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ uRefawmfonf rao
0hHí &dScdk;em;awmf avQmufonfr[kwf/ taMumif;rSm - wa,mufESifh wusdyfwa,mufESifhw&mjzpfaom
&efoludk aoum; - ao0Hhygonf/ wa,mufESifh waxmif ç wa,mufESifh waomif;jzpfaom &efol
udktaocHjcif;onfum; - tusdK;r&dS/ t&Sifa&Gb0g;awmfatmufü tuGyfawmfudkcHí ao&jcif;onf
jrwf\[lí t,l&dSayaomaMumifh uRefawmf&efolykHu xGufcJhonf[kem;awmfavQmufonf/
vufsmjypfavQmufaompum;udk MumawmfrlvQif þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSjyefonf/ odkUonfpum;udk
eifavQmufonfum; - ukd,fudk tvGwfcGgí eifavQmufonfr[kwfavm? wvdkif;udk igwyfrª;cefUool
um;-toufudkpGefUí trIawmfudkBudK;pm;tm;xkwfayonf/ eifrlum; -aus;Zl;opömawmfESpfyg;udkaoGzD
ajy;vSmvQif pum;vSESifh avQmufonfr[kwfavm[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/
xdktrdefUawmfudk oD&daZ,sausmfxifMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ uRefawmf vufsm
jypfi,fudk tvGwfcGgí ajy;a&mufjcif;udkum; vGwfjcif;aumif;vSayonf/ vufsmjypfukd,fudk tvGwf
rcGgí wyfrª;ppfuJ;ESifhwuG tm;vkH;ol&avonf&dSaomf uRefawmfwdkU rsufESm;xm;p&mr&dSacsNyD[lí
em;awmfavQmufonf/ qifjzL;rsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; taMumif;b,fodkUjzpfoenf;
[k ar;awmfrljyefonf/ oD&daZ,sausmfxifvnf; þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/ a&Tb0g;awmfatmuf
ucsDavaom uRefawmfwdkUu wyfrª;ppfuJ;ESifhwuG wa,mufrQrusef&efol&avonf[lí jynfaxmif
csif;rif;wumwdkU Mum;avaomf vif;Zif;wefcdk;udk yHhouJhodkU&dSacsonf/ ,ckrlum; - uRefawmf vufsm
jypfonf uRefwusdyfESifh olykHuxGufí ajc&if;awmf&if;odkUa&mufvSmayaomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkUrsuf
ESm vSacsonf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
oD&daZ,sausmfxifavQmufaom pum;udk Anm;usef;axmMum;vQif ta&;oifhvSayonf[lí
em;awmfavQmufjyefonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; taMumif;tb,fodkUenf;
[lí ar;awmfrljyefonf/ Anm;usef;axmvnf; em;awmfavQmufjyefonf vif;Zif;rif;onf uRefawmf
wdkUESifh awGUorQyif ysufavawmhonfom/ rnfonfhumvwGifrQ atmifjcif;udkr&/ ,ckrlum; -
wa,mufESifh waxmif wusdyfESifh waomif;jzpfíatmifESifh&avonf/,ckcsDvSmaMumif;vnf;,dk;',m;
rif;ESifh opöm*wd&dSaomaMumifhom 0wfukefqef;csDvSmonf/ bkef;awmfaMumifh uRefawmfwdkucsD&vQif
rsufESmcsif;qdkifí wdkuf0Hhrnfr[kwf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;usef;axmavQmufaompum;udk Anm;'vMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/
uRefawmfoD&daZ,sausmfxifvnf; Anm;usef;axmodkUavQmufaomta&;onf oifhaomta&;yifjzpf
ygonf/ uRefawmfvufsmjypf a&Gb0g;awmfatmufodkU a&mufvSayaomaMumifh vif;Zif;rif;csDvSmonf
tifenf; tifrsm;udkod&ayonf/ uRefawmfvufsmjypfvnf; a,mufsm;[kwfvSayoljzpfí olykHucGgEdkif
ayonf/ uRefi,ftoufudk iSufi,fwaumifuJhodkU rSwfawmfrlí touftvªay;awmfrlygonfjzpfrS
uRefawmfcsrf;omrnf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUavQmufvQif a&TESvkH;awmfajyí vufsmjypfudk vTwfawmfrlonf/
 341 - vif;Zif;rif;wyfudk qD;BudKíwdkufykH

,if;odkUrSvif;Zif;rif;csDvSmonfudkt&HudkjzKwfívkyfMuH&aomfvnf;oifhrnfavmt&HrjzKwfbJ;
tcsdKU udk&Hapí tcsdKUudkqD;BudKí tcsdKUudk&Hapí tcsdKUudkqD;BudKívkyfMuHap&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm[l
í rdefUawmf&dSonfudk Anm;'vavQmufonf/ ,ck,dk;',m;NrdKUudk &Hawmfrlonfvnf; 4-v 5-vcefU&dS
NyD;/ ,dk;',m;rif;vnf; opömawmfa&muf aoavNyD;onf/ ,if;odkUvQif ,dk;',m;NrdKUwGif;om;wdkUvnf;
ESvkH;usOf;ajrmif; &dSavNyD;onf t&HukdjzKwfawmfrlacsvQif vif;Zif;rif;udk atmifjrifawmfrl vkyfMuHawmf
rlaomfvnf; topfvkyfMuHawmfrrl&acsavm/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh &J;rufawmfw0ufudk &Hwyfawmf
wGiftcdkiftvkHaepdrhfrnf/ w0ufaom &J;rufAdkvfygESifh qD;BudK uRefawmfwdkUvkyfMuHrnf/ vif;Zif;rif;
rsufESmqdkif wdkuf0Hhrnfr[kwf/ odkU&mwGif vif;Zif;rif;onf rcsOf;0HhbJ; ta0;u aeí rsdK;&du©m&Smaom
&J;rufawmfwdkUudk xdyg;acsaomftvkyftMuHrsm;csdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ vif;Zif;rif;udk tvsifcsDvSmatmif
,dk;',m;rif;uqufvSmaom ]]Mo,m;&H}}udkapawmfrlí vif;Zif;rif;csDvSmvQif teD;wGif vkyfMuH&rS
wyfESifhra0; tvdkawmfjynfhvG,frnf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; Anm;'vavQmufaomta&;udkBudKufawmfrl
í ]]Mo,m;&H}}udkac:awmfrlí þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ]]Mo,m&H trIawmfudkBudK;pmíxrf; ta&;awmf
NyD;vQif igolaumif;jyKrnf}}[lí trdefUawmf&dSonfudk ]]Mo,m;&H}}em;awmfavQmufonf/ ,dk;',m;rif;
vnf; uRefawmfudkuGyfayap[lí a&Tb0g;awmfatmufodkU qufa&mufvSmonf/ uRefawmfrsufESmudk
jrifawmfrlvQif bk&m;qkudkawmif;awmfrlaom {u&mZfjzpfawmfrlí uGyfrsufawmfrrl/ toufudkvTwf
awmfrlí rª;awmfrwfawmfwdkUenf;rjywfcpm;&ayonf aus;Zl;awmfonf þb0rSpí edAÁmefodkUra&muf
aomumvywfvkH; qyfaomfvnf; rydkifEdkifjzpfonf/ aus;Zl;awmfudktoufudkpGefUí ta&;udk rvpf
rvyf&atmif xrf;ygrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
 342 - vif;Zif;rif;odkUOyg,fjyKí apcefUykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vif;Zif;odkUydkUrnfpmudk ]]Anm;'vESifh

Mo,m;&H}}wdkUpDrH&onf/ pmwGifrSmonfum; - wlawmf ,dk;',m;rif; jAr[defMum;a&muonfOD;&D;awmf
vif;Zif;rif; [Hom0wD qifjzLrsm;&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;csDvSmí NrdKUudk&Havonf/ av;ig;vcefU&dSNyD/ &J;ruf
AdkvfygwdkUemzsm;aoonfrsm;avNyD NrdKUudkwufvSmíNrdKUxdyfuajymif;aoewfESifhypfcwfíaoaysmufonf
vnf;rsm;vSavNyD odkUyifaoaysmuf,Gif;aomfvnf; tm;udkravsmh 0ef;&Híomaeonf OD;&D;awmfr
a&mufaomaMumifh NrdKUuxGufírwdkuf ta&;udkarQmfwif;íaeonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh OD;&D;awmf
tvsifcsDí vkyfMuHawmfrlyg uREfkyfvnf; NrdKUwGif;uxGufí vkyfMuHygrnf qifjzL&SifcHEdkifrnfavm
ysufavawmhrnf[lí pma&;apNyD;vQif Mo,m;&Hudk vif;Zif;rif;odkU ,dk;',m;rif;uaponfht[efESifh
oGm;&avonf/
Mom;&Hvnf; ,dk;',m;NrdKUuxGufvSmooljzpfí NrdKUwGif;rStaMumif;udkajymvQif vif;Zif;rif;
vnf; ,kHMunfí tvsifcsDvSmonf ]]Mo,m;&H}}udkvnf; rnfonfhaeU&ufudk ta&mufcsDvSmrnfcsdef;
csufNyD;vQif vTwfíjyefvSm&onf/
 343 - vif;Zif;rif;udk qD;BudKíwdkufykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vif;Zif;rif;udk qD;BudKí wdkufrnfudk pD&if

cefU&efawmfrlonf/
rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;wwyf ç rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;wwyf ç Anm;'vwwyf ç oD&d"r®aomuwwyf ç
Anm;£E´wwyf ç &mZoMuøwwyf ç om;awmfr[mOy&mZmwwyf onfckESpfwyfudk wdkufqifw&m ç
jrif;waxmif ç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ig;aomif;ESifh tv,faMumif;csD&onf/
oDaygapmfbGm;wwyf ç odEéDapmfbGm;wwyf ç b,umrPdwwyf ç Anm;b,wwyf ç ouf
&Snfausmfxifwwyf ç Anm;usef;axmwwyf ç nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgifwwyf ç onfckESpfwyfudk
wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç ppfonfol&J; wodef;ig;aomif;ESifh vuf0J;aMumif;csD&onf/
tkef;aygifapmfbGm;wwyf ç anmifa&TapmfbGm;wwyf ç OwåroD&daZ,sol&wwyf ç ordef
vuGef;tdefwwyf ç rif;ausmfxifwwyf ç ordef;oHvdkufwwyf ç orufawmf t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apm
wwyf onfckESpfwyfudk wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ig;aomif;ESifh vufsm
aMumif;csD&onf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;wyfwGif wdkufqifw&m ç jrif;waxmif ç ppfonfol&J;
ig;aomif;ESifh aemufwyfrjyKí ouú&mZf(931) udk;&mhokH;q,fwck uqkefvqef; 9 -&ufaomMumaeU
,dk;',m;NrdKUuonf vif;Zif;rif;udkqD;BudKí wdkufrnfcsDawmfrlonf/
,dk;',m;NrdKUwGifrlum; - nDawmfjynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmudk AdkvfcsKyfcefUawmfrlcJhonf/

om;awmf r[mOy&mZm nDawmfawmifilrif; t0rif;wdkuvnf; ,kd;',m;NrdKUcsDí ckESpfwdkifcefU

t&yfodkUa&mufvQif qifjrif;Adkvfygudkjynfhwif;íwnOfhaeawmfrlMuí rdk;aomufvQif vif;Zif;rif;
vnf; qifvkH;jrif;&if;trsm;ESifh usHK;0g;oHyí emvAdkUt&yfucsDvSmí r[mOy&mZmwdkUokH;aMumif;om;
uvnf; jrif;av;aomif;ESifh qD;BudKí pkHprf;&avonf/ vif;Zif;rif;uppfzsm;csDvSmonf jrif;wyfESifh
awGUvQif qdkifírenf;MumypfcwfMuonf/ jrif;awmfonfwdkU ppfa&;iifcJhí eD;aMumif;udkavQmufvSm&
onf/ r[mOy&mZm ç awmifilrif; ç t0rif;wdkUvnf; qifjrif;uapí tajrmufaoewfpDpOfNyD;vQif
toifhaeawmfrlMuonf/ t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmvnf; c&D;auGY&dSonfudk uRefvmrS wdkufrnf[lí
qifjrif;AdkvfygwdkUudk awmutoifhaeaponf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; wdkufqifw&m ç 0efqifw&m ç Adkvf
okH;aomif;cefUESifh raMumufr½GHUBuHK;0g;í csDvSmonf/ &J;rufawmfwdkUESifheD;vQif pdefajymif;jrwylwbuf
wcsufvTwfMuvQif vif;Zif;rif;ppfonf vdkufíwdk;vSmonf/ c&D;auGUvGefvQif orufawmf
owdk;rif;apmvnf; awmuxGufíwdkufawmfrlav\/ vif;Zif;rif;trwfcHíwdkufonf/ qifokH;pD;av;
pD;vnf;vQif rcHEdkifíqkwfav\/ owdk;rif;apmvnf; vdkufxyfíwdkufjyef\/ tkef;aygifapmfbGm;
anmifa&TapmfbGm; paomajcmufwyfom;wdkUvnf; qifcRef;bGifhum vdkufxyfíwdkufonf/ vif;Zif;
om;wdkUav;pkuGJ;av\/ r[mOy&mZmESifh bk&ifrif;acgifvnf; qifygjrif;ygbdíwkdufvQifvif;Zif;rif;
ppfonfwdkUysufí b&rf;bwmajy;av\/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf;½kH;rdorQaom ppfonfESpfaomif;cefUESifh
ajy;av\/ ouú&mZf(931)udk;&mhokH;q,fwck uqefvjynfhausmf 8-&uf aomMumaeU vif;Zif;rif;u
csDvSmonfudk wdkufíatmifjrifawmfrlonf/
 344 - qifjzLrsm;&Sif rif;w&m;vif;Zif;rif;udkvdkufykH

qifjzLrsm;ocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;tajrmufaoewfoHudkMum;awmfrlvQifvif;Zif;
om;wdkUESifhawGUí wdkufMuNyDtrSwfawmf&dSí aemufuodyfí wdkufrnftrdefUawmf&dSí c&D;auGUudkjzwfí
csDawmfrlonfESifh vif;Zif;rif;ajy;vSmonfudkawGUawmfrlvQif vdkufxyfíwdkufawmfrlonf/ vif;Zif;rif;
vnf; Mucwf0g;awmodkU0ifíajy;av\/ c&D;trDS 5 - wdkifcefU&dSatmif vdkufxyfíwdkufonf/
,if;odkU wdkufawmfrlí rDSvIvQif vif;Zif;rif;vnf; igajy;aomfvnf; rvGwfEdkif&m trSwf&dSí wyfcsNyD;
vQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;udk þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/
 345 - vif;Zif;rif;rvGwfomí Oyg,fjyKykH

jApJ;ppfrnfaom vif;Zif;pm; &dScdk;em;awmfavQmuf0Hhaomrif;{&mZftaygif;wdkU\ t&Sifjzpfawmf

rlaom b0&Sifrif;w&m; Zif;r,fNrdKUudkvkyfMuHawmfrlaomcg om;awmfr[mOy&mZmorufawmf
owdk;rif;apm uREfkyfwdkUaus;vufodkUcsDvSmí rsm;pGmaom jynfoltaygif;wdkUonfysufpD;ausrGab;b,
odkUa&mufavonf/ ,if;aomtcg uREfkyfNrdKUwGifr&dS ,dk;',m;rif;orD;udkoGm;íBudKonfcdkufjzpfí
ysufpD;&avonf/ ,ckvnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m; ,dk;',mNrdKUudk &Hawmfrlonf av;vcefU&dSí qif ç jrif;
Adkvfygt&Stersm;í yifyef;emzsm;vSonftaMumif;udk ,kd;',m;rif;uapvSmaomaMumifh qif ç jrif;
AdkvfygESifhwuG rcHEdkifatmifaom ,EÅ&m; qifaom rD;½ª;rD;ysH tp&dSaom rD;rsdK;wdkUudkrsm;pGmpD&ifívmyg
onf/ ,if;odkUygaom rD;wdkUudkvTwf&onf&dSaom odef;odef;uk#Akdvfajcyif&dSaomfvnf;rcHEdkif&m? ,ck
rlum; - bkef;BuD;awmfrlaom rif;{u&mZfjzpfawmfrlí nOfhcsif;onf;pGm rdk;Cf;½GmbdaomaMumifh pD&if
cJhaom rD;½ª;rD;ysHtvkyftMuHysufí tqdyfrJhonfa>ruJhodkUuREfkyfppfonfwdkU ysufpD;acsonf/ xkdodkU
ysufpD;onfum; - wyg;aomolonfMuHjim;aomfvnf;rjzpfEdkif&mewfodMum;wdkUonfravaomaMumifh
rjzpf&maom tcif;wdkUonf nOfhcsif;jzpf&acsonf/ txufom;awmf r[mOy&mZmorufawmf owdk;
rif;apmwdkU a&mufvsmaomtcg vif;Zif; aus;pGef&Gmvufudk ysufavonfrsm;vnf; ,ckwdkifatmifrQ
NrdKU&Gmrjzpfygao;? ,ckbkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;ukd,fawmfwdkif vif;Zif;odkUta&mufcsD
onf&dSaomf uREfkyfEdkifiH tvkH;t&yfae0hHrnfr[kwfNyD/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,aeUrSpí a&TESvkH;awmf
ESifh qefUusifbufjzpfaom tusifhudkrusifhygNyD opömawmfudkcHí trIawmfudkxrf;ygawmhrnf tMuH&dSí
wyfcsí uREfkyfaeonf/ ,aeUrlum; rdk;csKyfNyD;jzpfí ajcawmfOD;cdkufra&mufyg&onf/ eufbef;apmapm
uRefawmftjzpfjzifh ajc&if;awmfodkUa&mufrnf taMumif;udk&dScdk;em;awmfavQmuf0Hhygonf[lí a&TaywGif
a&;aompmudk trwfwa,mufqufvSm&onf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vif;Zif;rif;u qufvSmaom &mZoHudkMum;
awmfrlvQif ,kHMunfawmfrlí rdk;csKyfonfESifh wyfcsí aeawmfrlonf/
 346 - atmifyGJ;vkMu&mü qkH;jzwfykH

vif;Zif;rif;vnf; b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;wyfcsí aeawmfrlaMumif;udkMum;awmfrlvQif

wnOfhvkH;ajy;av\/ rdk;aomufvQif vif;Zif;om;wdkUwyfwGifusD;ESifhaomaom&dSonfudkjrifvQifvufckyf
vufwuf wD;í&,farmawmfrlonf/ þodkUvnf; trdefUawmf&dSonf/ vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfi,fonf
ighopömawmfudk rcHjim;aomfvnf; opömawmfudk cHygawmhrnf avQmufonfht&monf cHavNyD;onfESifh
twlr[kwfavm? ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ajy;ESifhavapOd;? ,dk;',m;NrdKUudktvkdawmfjynfhrS vif;Zif;odkU
igcsDawmfrlrnf/ jApJ;ppfi,fvGwfrnfavm[lí trdefUawmf&dSvQif &awmfrlonfvif;Zif;rif;udk,fvkyf
rEk&mtrdwåESifhwuG wusdyfausmfudk,líjyefawmfrlonf/
,dk;',m;wyfawmfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif nDawmfom;awmf wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkU&onf
trwf wusdyfausmf ç qifokH;q,fausmf ]]okHvl 5 - axmifausmf}}udkqufonf/ vif;Zif;om;onf
aoavonfvnf;rsm;\/ ]]emvAdkU}}t&yfwGif olu&avaom &J;rufawmfwdkUvnf; tcsdKUajy;vSmí
ajc&if;awmfodkUa&mufvSmukefonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vif;Zif;rif;udktb,folwdkufíysufoenf;
[kar;awmfrlonfudk om;awmf r[mOy&mZmuavQmufonf/ uRefawmfESifh ppfrsufESmqdkifí wdkuf&m
wGif uRefawmfvdkufodyfíwdkufaomaMumifh vif;Zif;ppfonfysufavonf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
nDawmfawmifilbk&ifrif;acgifuvnf; om;awmf r[mOy&mZmESifh ppfrsufESmqkdifí &dSMupOf uRefawmf
vuf0J;aMumif;0ifí wdkuf&mwGifrS vif;Zif;rif; ppfysufonf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/ apmfbGm; apmf
uefrª;awmfrwfawmftygif;wdkUvnf; toD;toD;uRefawmfwdkUwdkuf&mwGifysufonf[líem;awmfavQmuf
onf/ ,if;aomtcg-t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apm avQmufonfum; - olwkdufíysufaMumif; uRef
awmfwkdufí ysufaMumif;udk vif;Zif;trwf&oolwdkU&dSawmhonf/ uREfkyftjcm;ravQmufomNyD;ppfawmh
[líem;awmfavQmufoonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; igqkay;awmfrrlomao;/ vif;Zif;rif;
trwfwdkUudkppfar;[lí nDawmf jynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmudktrdefUawmf&dSonf/ owdk;"r®&mzmvnf;
vif;Zif;trwfwdkUudkac:í ppfar;aomf uRefawmfwdkUudk ysufatmif wdkufaomol\toGiftjyifum; -
tom;cyfndKESma&mifpif;í qifeDudkpD;í wdkuf&mwGif vif;Zif;ppfonfav;pkuGJ;í ysufacsonf[lí
em;awmfavQmufonf/ owdk;"r®&mZmvnf; xdkoludkjrifaomf odrnfavm[lí ar;awmfrljyefonf/
vif;Zif;trwfwdkUvnf; uRefawmfwdkU jrifvQif trSwf&\[líavQmufonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sif
rif;&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmf om;awmf apmfbGm; apmfuef wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudk wdkufyGJ;rSm uJh
odkU ppf0wfwefqmwdkUjzifh qifpD;í wJ;awmfOD;odkUwufap/ vif;Zif;trwfwdkUvnf;Munfhí aeaptrdefU
awmf&dSonf/ nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmvnf; vif;Zif;rif;trwfwdkUudk wJ;awmfOD;ESifh qDwnfh0if;awmf
jyifuwGifaeapí nDawmfom;awmf apmfbGm;apmfuef wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudk qifpD;ícsnf;wuf&
onf/
vif;Zif;rif; trwfwdkUudkvnf;Munfhapí r[mOy&mZmupí onfolavmonf olavmar;
onfudk r[kwf[lícsnf;qdkonf/ rif;wumaemufrS qifawmfoHjrifpgmudk qkH;axG;axG;okwfNyD;vQif
pD;awmfrlí t0bk&ifvmonfudkjrifvQif ½GHUaMumuf&if;&dSonfESifh onfol[lírjy0HhNyD/ wJ;Mum;tkH;Mum;
vQdK;ikHUí ajy;0ifMuavonf/ xdktaMumif;udk b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;jrifawmfrlvQif ]]armift0rif;}}yGJ;ay
[lí trdefUawmf&dSNyD;rS pm;awmfac:onf uGrf;cGufpm;awmfac:onf vbuftdk; aomufa&wifaumif;
bkH; ç vufawmfESpfbufwGif 0wfawmfrlaom vufaumufawmf vufpGyf 0wfawmfrlaom 0wfvkH ç qif
wq,f ç jrif;ESpfq,f ç vif;Zif;om;&oolw&m ç qkay;awmfrlonf/ om;awmf r[mOy&mZm
nDawmf awmifilrif;paom wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudkvnf; txdkuftavsmufpm;aus;pm;vuf
taqmift&Guf t0wftpm;ay;awmfrlonf/ xdkrSwyg; acgif;t0Sef;ol&J; olcufwdkUudkvnf; txdkuft
avsmuf t0wftpm; a&TaiGqkay;awmfrlonf/
 347 - qif;&J;az: - csrf;ombuf - uRefawmf&if;
b,umrPdudkuGyfrsufykH

,if;odkUrS ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk tvsif&awmfrlrnftaMumif;udk tmPmawmfay;í pD&ifawmfrlonf/

,if;odkUpOfwGif oHvsifNrdKUudkpm;aom uRefawmf&if; b,umrPdonf vif;Zif;odkUcsDawmfrlí vkyfMuH
awmfrlonfaemuf ,dk;',m;NrdKUudkvkyfMuH&mwGif ppfonfwdkUonfNrdKU&if;odkUrcsOf;oolwdkUudk "m;cRwfí
ppfuJ;wdkUMuyfonfudkjrifvQif "m;oGm;csnf;ppfuJ;wdkUudk ckwfrnfvdkufav\/ ppfuJ;wdkUvnf; b,
umrPdjyKusifhaMumif;udk em;awmfavQmufav\/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;
nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUavQmufonf twdkif;rSefrrSefudk ppfbd[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/ owdk;"r®&mZm
vnf; ppfaMumíppfuJ;wdkUavQmufonftwdkif;rSefvsif trsufawmfnHhapvdkí þodkUem;awmfavQmuf
onf/ bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;bk&m; uRefawmfb,umrPdonf qif;&J;awmfrlbuf aumif;
pm;awmfrlbuf twlwuG txHawmfwGif ruGmaom uRefawmfrsdK;jzpfí uRefawmfwdkUudkawGUaomfvnf;
ckwfrnfxpfrnf t[efjyKjrJ;jzpfonf/ b,umrPd toufudk iSufwaumifuJhodkU rSwfawmfrlí vTwf
awmfrlygonfjzpfrS uRefawmfcsrf;om&rnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/ owdk;"r®&mZmavQmufaom
pum;udkMum;awmfrlvQif oif;onf ighuRefawmf&if;jzpfapumrl wyg;wjcm;aomtjypfudkom igonf;cH
awmfrlrnf/ ppfa&;ppfrIüjzpfaom tjypfudk onf;cHawmfrrlom jynfpm;oifhukd ESajrmvQif oifhudk,fpm;
toufcHawmhavm[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/ xdktrdefUawmfudkMum;vQif jynfrif;upí nDawmf ç om;
awmf ç rª;awmf ç rwfawmftaygif;wdkUonf trsufawmfBuD;aMumif;udk odí rnfodkUrS ravQmuf0Hhukef
rsufESmawmfudk atmufcsí aeMuukefonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; eifonf ightrdefUawmfudk qefvGefíusifho
oljzpfonf ,ckowfavtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ vufr&GHUwdkUvnf b,umrPdudk udkif,lí jynfbk&if
wyfwGifyif uGyfav\/ b,umrPdudk uGyfrsufawmfrlvQif b,umrPdom;onf tbtaumif&if;
wGif idkíae\/ xdktaMumif;udk Mum;awmfrlvQif om;udkowfjyef&onf/ om;tbESpfa,mufudk uRef
vmí ykqdkvTrf;vSmonf/ xdkuRefudkowfjyef&av\/ om;tb uReft&SifokH;a,mufudk Adkvfrª; çwyfrª;
ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUjrifvQif aMumuf½GHUjcif;jyif;pGmjzpfí toufudkyrmPrjyK NrdKUem;ajrawmifü aeUnOfh
rjywfaeí NrdKUwGif;u ypfaom rD;ayguf aoewfaphudk aoab;[lí rrSwf 0ef;usifNrdKUwHwdkif;üaeí
vkyfMuHukef\/
b,umrPd taMumif;um; - uRefawmf&if;jzpfí (913) udk;&mwq,fhokH;ck ordefaxm&mr
udk qifpD;csif;wdkufawmfrlaomtcg ukef;v,fwGif wifawmfrlonf/ r[mapwDaumif;rIawmfudk Xmyem
awmfrlaomtcgvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;t½kyf b,umrPdt½kyf a&TudkoGef;íXmyemawmfrlNyD;vQif
ausmufpma&Tayü arSmfuGef;wifonf/ xdkodkUoem;awmfrlvSaom b,umrPdtrwfonf ight&Sif
uRef&if;udkum;-[lírav;rpm;trSwfrJhjyKacsaomaMumihf ppfa&;ESifhMuHKí oem;awmfrlvsufuGyfrsuf
awmfrlonf/
 348 - aMomufjApuúdudktcsufxm;ívTwfykH

,dk;',m;NrdKUudk vkyfMuHawmfrl&mrSmvnf; &J;rufawmf waomif;ausmfcefU ,dk,Gif;atmif NrdKUudk

wufapaomfvnf; NrdKUudkr&acs? ,if;odkUr&Edkifvqif þodkUtMuHawmf&dSonf/ txufu ,kd;',m;NrdKU
udkvkyfMuHawmfrlaomtcg ,lawmfrlcJhaomtrwfBuD; ]]aMomufjApuúd}}udktrsufawmf&dSí 4 - v 5 -v
oHajccsif;ESifh xm;awmfrlonf/ xdkaMomufjApudúudk xm;&muvTwfí NrdKUwGif;odkU0ifapí wHcg;udk
bGifhap&aomf oifhrnfxifonf/ aMomufjApudúi,fyif rapmifhusifhí ,dk;',m;rif;ESifh wcsufwnf;
jzpfaomvnf; igtm;tusdK;awmfrenf;/ oif;wa,muf oifhjrwfonf&dSaomf tusdK;udk ra&wGufEdkif
tMuHawmf&dSí aMomufjApudúudktusOf;xm;&mu vTwfawmfrlNyD;vQif a&SUawmfodkUac:awmfrlí rifhudk
igNrdKUwGif;odkUvTwfawmfrlrnf/ trIawmfudk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfí xrf; ta&;awmfNyD;vQif ydóavmuf
NrdKUESifhwuG taqmifta,mif ay;awmfrlí igolaumif;jyKawmfrlrnf/ NrdKUwGif;odkU a&mufvQif nOfhtcg
wHcg;udk bGifhav[lí trSwfawmfay; awmfrlonf/ aMomufjApudúvnf; trIawmfudk rvpf&atmifBudK;
pm;tm;xkwfxrf;ygrnf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
 349 - ,dk;',mNrdKUudkvuf&odrf;,ljcif;

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;Bud;bk&m;vnf; ]]aMomufjApudú}}udk opömawmfcHapNyD;vQif

qkvmbfay;awmfrlí oHajccsif;cHí nOfhtcgudk avSi,fwpif;ESifh uRefESpfa,mufESifh ajy;cJhí 0ifvSm
onf t[efoGm;&avonf/ NrdKUwGif;odkUa&mufvQif ,dk;',m;jrif;jAr[defonf tbudkawGU&onfESifh
twltrSwf&dSí 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;rom wNrdKUvkH;udk 0efcsKyfcefUav\/ aMomufjApuúdvnf; rª;aumif;
rwfaumif;wdkUudk r0ifomonf t&mu tapmifhxm;av\/ rdrd\ taqGom;csif;ajr;awmfolwdkUudkrl
um; - 0ifomonf t&yfutapmifhtaecefUxm;av\/ ,if;odkUpD&efcefU&efNyD;rS xdktaMumif;udkpma&;
ínOfhtcg uRefwa,mufudkquf&onf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; 0rf;ajrmuf
awmfrlí aMomufjApudúom;csif;ajr;awmfwkdU apmifhae&mwHcg;u Adkvfrª;ppfuJ;ppfuGyftaygif;wdkU 0if&
rnf trdefUawmf&dSí nOfhudk0if&onf/ NrdKUwGif;om; ppfonfwdkUvnf; 0ifvSmaom &J;rufawmfwdkUudk
wBudrfESpfBudrf qD;BudKíwdkufonf/ qifykH jrif;ykH 0ifrdí wdkufvQif rcHEdkifí ouú&mZf (931) udk;&mh
okH;q,fhwck/ 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 4 -&ufaeU,dk;',m;NrdKUysufonf/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUvdkawmfjynfhvQif
&J;rufawmf (59) ig;q,fhudk;wyfom;NrdKUukd0ifí vk,ufzsufqD;Muonf/ wa,mufrQ vufcsnf;r&dS
a&TaiG t0wfaumif;tpm;aumif;wxrf;ESpfxrf;&onfcsnf;/ ,kd;',m;NrdKUudk atmifjrifawmfrlNyD;vQif
,kd;',m;rif;jAr[defESifhwuG trª;trwftaygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlí opömawmfudkwdkufNyD;vQif oHo&m
udkaxmuf½Iawmfrlí ,dk;',m;rif;jAom"d&mZmtaumifudk aemufwGifygonf Mo,m"r®&mZmoN*ØK[f&
onf/
,if;odkUrs jAr[deftp&dSaom trª;trwfol&J;olcufaumif; qifaumif; jrif;aumif; tajrmuf
aoewfwdkUudk,lawmfrlonf/ xm;aumif;aom trª;trwfwdkUudkvnf;xm;awmfrlonf/ rdbESifh uGJ;íNydK
í&dSavaom oli,fajr;i,fwdkUudkvnf; pDppfay;awmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg a&BuD;í ,dk;',m;wNrdKU
vkH; ork'´&muJhodkUjzpfav\/
Adkvfrª;wyfrª;ppfuJ; ppfuGyftp&dSaom &J;rufawmftaygif;wdkUonfvnf; ,dk;',m;NrdKUudk atmif
jrifonfaeUrSpí 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om &Tifvef;pGm txyfxyfwdkufpnf ç wdkufarmif; ç ESJ; ç c&m ç
ywfom wD;rIwfí yGJ;vrf;cHukefonf/ ,kd;',m;NrdKU&Haus;pm;&Gmpm;wdkUvnf; qifaumif; jrifaumif;
om;orD;wdkUudk vufaqmifqufí uRefawmfcHvSmukefonf/ xkdolwdkUudk opömawmfay;NyD;vQif
ac:awmfrlcJhonf/ opömawmfudkapmifhoolwdkUudk rdrdwdkUpm;jrJ;aom aus;&GmNrdKUwdkUudkyifay;awmfrlonf/
,if;odkU jynftvkH;udkpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS (931)udk;&mhokH;q,fwck/ oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 5 -
&ufaeU apmfbGm;aomifusnfudk rif;ajr§mufwefqm 5 - yg;ESifhwuG ,dk;',m;NrdKUudkay;awmfrlírif;jyK
onf/ ykxdk;bk&m;NydKysufavonfrsm;udkvnf; vkyfpdrfhrnf[lí aiGw&m a&T 13 - ydóm apmfbGm;
aomifusnfudk tyfawmfrlonf/
xdkodkUpOfwGif v0dkufrif;uvnf; vufaqmifvufeuftrsm;ESifh omoemawmfudk rpawmfrlyg
[lí trwfa,mufudk avQmufvSm&onf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vuGef;vkH
wGif bk&mykxdk;NydKysufavonfrsm;udk vkyfpdrfhrnf[lí aiGusyfaph ydóm 30-vªawmfrlonf/
 350 - vif;Zif;rif;odkUcsD&efta&;pum;wdkifyifykH

,if;odkU,dk;',m;NrdKUtvkH;udk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;vQif om;awmf r[mOy&mZm ç nDawmf

jynfrif; ç awmifilrif; ç t0rif; ç apmfbGm;apmfuef wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlí þodkUt
rdefUawmf&dSonf/ vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfonf qifjrif;Adkvfygvnf;rsm;vSonf/ trª; trwfol&J; olcuf
vnf;rsm;vSonf/ aus;vufüaeaom vltaygif;wdkUonfvnf; xdkrif;udkaMumuf&GHUcHhjim;Muukefonf/
ta&SUtvTm;üaeaomoltaygif;wdkUwGif xdkolwa,mufonf tvGefay:xGef;vSonf[í trdefUawmf
&dSonfudk Anm;usef;axm[laomtrwf þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/
]]bkefawmftvGefBuD;vSaom t&Sifbk&m; ---trdefUawmftwdkif; vif;Zif;rif;onf tqdyfxef
aoma>rESifhwlonf/ a>r\ oabmum; \ tNrD;jywfjim;aomfvnf; acgif;&dSu rudkufaomfum; tcif;
r&dS/ udk,frdvQif BuD;pGmaomab;b,odkUa&mufacsonf/ om;awmf r[mOy&mZm owdk;rif;apmwdkUcsD
aomcg rdkifpHNrdKUwGif vif;Zif;rif;cHaeonfudk vkyfMuHí trª;trwfwdkUaoavonfvnf;rsm;vSNyD/
,if;uonf tif;oawmwGif ppfawGUí aoavonfvnf;rsm;vSNyD/ xdkodkUaojim;aomfvnf; tNrD;ESifh
wlaomtrwfwdkUomjzpfí ta&;awmfrNyD;acs/ a>racgif;udkudkufjzwfouJhodkU vif;Zif;rif;udk atmifjrif
awmfrlí odrf;,lawmfrl&onfjzpfrS ,dk;',m;ESifh vif;Zif;onf ysyf0yfusdK;EGHaus;pGef&Gmvufcsrf;omrnf
[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;usef;axm avQmufaompum;udk rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;Mum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyef
onf/ txufu ,kd;',m;odkUcsDawmfrlaomcg ,dk;',m;rif;onf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfí NrdKUucHrnf[lí
vGefuJ;aom tpDt&ifwdkUudkpD&ifí cHjim;aomfvnf; bkef;awmfBuD;vSonfjzpfí ,dk;',m;rif;rcHEdkif/
qifjzLav; 4 - pD;orD;ESifhwuG vufaqmifawmfqufí uRefawmftjzpfopömawmfudkcHonf/ ,if;odkU
cHNyD;rS vif;Zif;udk tm;jyK&avaomaMumifh opömawmfudkrapmifh aoG;zD&avonf/ ,if;odkUaus;Zl;awmf
udk rodí aomif;usef;ykefuefavaomfvnf; aevESifhwlaom bkef;awmfvGefuJ;aomaMumifhr½dkif;rjyEdkif
uRefawmftjzpfodkU a&mufjyef&onf/ ,kd;',m;ta&;rlum; ukefavNyD/ ,kd;',m;udk ykefpm;apjcifiSg
wdkufwGef;ool&dSavao;onf/ xdkoludk &rnftaMumif;udk vif;Zif;odkUomcsDawmfrlyg trIawmfudk BudK;
pm;tm;xkwftoufudkpGefUí xrf;ygrnfodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/
rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;avQmufaompum;udk rdk;n§if;pvkHom; rdk;eJ;NrdKUudkaemufapmfbGm;jyKaomolMum;
vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;w&m; rdk;n§if;udk vkyfMuHawmfrl
í uRefawmfudk&awmfrlvQif r½Iwfrcsoem;awmfrlí rdk;eJ;NrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/ xdkodkUay;awmfrljcif;
onf ppfa&;ppf&mudk rvdr®maomaMumifh olaumif;jyKawmfrlonfvnf;r[kwf/ oem;awmfrlonf rdk;eJ;
onfNrdKUjzpfqef r[kwfay {u&mZfwdkU\ae&mjzpfonf/ odkUonfaus;Zl;awmfudk rnfonfumvwGifrQ
&efoludkawGUí qifpD;csif;jrif;pD;csif;wdkufírqyf&ao;/ ,ckvif;Zif;odkUcsD&mwGif toufudkyef;wyGifh
rQrrSwftrIawmfudkxrf;ygrnf[k em;awmfavQmufonf/
,if;aomtcg Anm;avmavQmufonf vif;Zif;rif;onf txufuom;awmf r[mOy&mZm
orufawmf owdk;rif;apmwdkUcsDí vkyfMuHaomtcg tBudrfBudrfcHíwdkufMuonf/ rnfonfwGifrQatmif
jcif;udkr& rdrdtrª; trwfol&J;olcufqkH;yg;í vif;Zif;wjynfvkH;onf xdyfxufaoG;udkaomufvwHh
odkUaMumuf&GHUjcif;jyifpGmjzpfavNyD;onf/ xdkokdUaMumuf½GUHaomfvnf; ,kd;',m;rif;ESifh txufopöm&dSbl;
aomaMumifhraeomí ,ckcsDjyef&onfvnf; temtusifysufpD;í trª;trwf qifjrif;Adkvfygrsm;ao
aysmuf&SeavNyD;onf/ ,ckcsDívkyfMuHawmfrlaomfvnf; vif;Zif;rif;tmPmxm;½kHomcH0Hrnf/ ta&;
t&m&SnfrdatmifcH0Hhrnfr[kwf/ awmodkUajy;íaevQif tvkyftMuHrsm;í &SnfMumrnfudkompdk;&drfonf
[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
 351 - vifZif;odkUcsD&efEdIif;,SOfawmfrlykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; þodkUrdefUawmf&dSonf/ nDawmf om;awmf rª;

awmfrwfawmf tjcHt&Htaygif;ESifh jynfhpkHaom igodkUaom rif;{u&mZfcsDawmfrlonfudkvif;Zif;rif;jApJ;
ppfonfOD;vnfpGefí cH0hHrnfavmtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ,ck,kd;',m;NrdKUudkigatmifjrifawmfrlvQifapmfbGm;
aomifusnfudk igay;awmfrlonf/ ,dk;',m;trwfwdkUvnf; tcsdKUvnf; tvdk&dSrnf/ tcsdKUvnf; tvdkr
&dS&m/ apmfbGm;aomif;usnfjyKpkaom trªtrwfvnf;r&dSacsao;/ ,ck,kd;',m;NrdKUwGif&dSaom tajrmuf
aoewf pdefajymif; jrwylwdkUudkvnf; odrf;,lawmfrlír&dSav/ vif;Zif;rif;onf ,dk;',m;odkUcsDí vkyf
MuHonf&dSaomf apmfbGm;aomifusnfudk tvdkr&dSaom trª;trwfwdkUonf vif;Zif;rif;ESihf wcsufwnf;
jzpfav&monf/ ,if;odkUvQif tvkyftMuHrrsm;&acsavm/ onfta&;rsm;udk igjrifawmfrlí ,kd;',m;
&efoljzpfaom vif;Zif;odkUcsD&í tvdkawmfjynfhonfjzpfrS [Hom0wDaejynfawmfodkUjyefrnf[lí rdefU
awmf&dSonf/
xdktrdefUawmfudk Anm;'vMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ bkefawmfBuD;vSaom
b0&Sifrif;w&m;twdkif;udk a&S;uyif uRefawmfwdkUMuHrdvsuf om0uOmPfrQomjzpfaomaMumifh {uef
ususESvkH;csírMuHrdonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifbk&m;OmPfawmfonfum; - oAÁnKwOmPf
\yGifh&mjzpfaom tavmif;jzpfawmfrlaomaMumifh odkUonftMuHudk MuHawmfrlrdonf/ &efol\ tjrpfo
zG,fjzpfaom vif;Zif;rif;udk rwl&acsonf&dSaom aemifo[J;&vQif tnGefUt&Guftcufaygufí tyif
jzpfurcufacsavm/ tnGefUt&Guftcuftaygufcif &efjrpfudk wl;awmfrlonfjzpfrS oifhrnf/ uRef
awmfvnf; a&S;txufu vif;Zif;rif;udkawGUaomcg t0rif;tvsifwdkufavaomaMumifh qifpD;csif;
rwdkuf&&dSavonf/ ,ckcsDawmfrlvQif vif;Zif;rif;cHESifhvQif toufudk yef;wyGifhrrSwf qifpD;csif;
wdkufí aus;Zl;awmfudkqyfygrnf[l em;awmfavQmufonf/
Anm;'vavQmufaompum;udk rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;Mum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ bkef;
awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifbk&ifbk&m;aemufawmfvdkufac:awmfrlvQif trIawmfudkBudK;pm;xm;xkwfxrf;
rnf[lí jrif;waxmifteuf ig;&maomjrif;udk wpD;wpD;vQifaiGESpfydómokH;ydóm ukefatmif a&TBudK;
a&TuESifhwuG wefqmpD&ifygonf trIawmfudkrxrf;yg&ao;/ ,dk;',m;NrdKUwGif wyfapmifh cefUawmfrlí
ae&onf/ uRefawmfOD;&D;ESifh uRefawmfom;rlum; - vif;Zif;rif;udk vkyfMuHawmfrlaomtcg aemuf
awmfwGifyg&í tpGrf;tavsmuf trIawmfudkxrf;&avaomaMumifh yGJ;vrf;&avukefonf/ ,ckvif;Zif;
odkUcsD&mwGifrS trIawmfudktoufudkpGefUí xrf;ygrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
 352 - aMomufjApudú'*kHNrdKUudkay;awmfrljcif;

qifjzL;rsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;b&m;vnf; aMomufjApudúudkaoemywdwdkU\ taqmif

ta,mifESifhwuG ydóavmufNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf[lí trdefUawmf&dSonfudk xdktrdefUawmfudkMum;vQif
aMomufjApudúvnf; þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/ bk&m;uRefawmfonf ydóavmufNrdKUwGifaeí
trIawmfudkrxrf;yg&NyD/ a&Tb0g;awmfatmufwGifaeí trIawmfudkxrf;ygawmfhrnf[k emawmfavQmuf
onf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; aMomufjApudúudk ]]Anm;}}[laomtrnfESifh
'*kHNrdKUudkay;awmfrlonf/ AnmpuftarGESifh wuGwyfom;[loa&Guudkvnf;ayawmfrlonf/
 353 - vif;Zif;odkUcsDwufawmfrlykH

,if;odkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlNyD;rS pE´a'0Drdbk&m;tp&dSaom armif;r rdóHtaygif;ESifh em;zsm;ool

ajcvufukefoolwdkUESifh ,dk;',m;NrdKUwGifodrf;,lawmfrlaom tajrmufBuD;jrwyludk wdkufavSMuD;rsm;
wGif wifNyD;vQif eE´ausmfxifb,ausmfxifwdkUudk 0efcefUawmfrlí ta>ct&Hwaomif;ausmfcefUESifh
[Hom0wDodkUydkU&avonf/ ,dk;',m;rif; apmfbGm;aomifusnfvnf; (17)wq,fh ckESpft&G,f&dSaom
orD;]]jAo0ef}}udkqufonf/ jAo0efESifhwuG tvkyftauR;udk,fvkyfawmf wusdyf 5 - a,mufvif;Zif;
odkUac:awmfrlí ouú&mZf (931) udk;&mokH;q,fhwck wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 6 - &uf aomMumaeU
,kd;',m;uvif;Zif;odkU ydóavmufwdkif a&aMumif;&wem a&TabmifawmfpD;ícsDawmfrlonf/
nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmfrwfawmf wdkUudkvnf; ydóavmufwdkif Munf;aMumif;csD&onf/ ydó
avmufodkU a&mufawmfrlvQif om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwdkU 11-wyf/ nDawmf jynfbk&if owdk;rif;apm
wkdU 11 - wyf/ orufawmf t0bk&ifowdk;rif;apmwdkU 11 - wyf/aygif; 33 - wyfudk vuGef;u
avmufaMumif;cGJ;ícsD&onf/
nDawmf awmifilbk&if rif;acgifwdkU 11-wyf/ wlawmf om,m0wDrif;&J;ausmfxif 5 - wyf/
Anm;usef;axmwdkUav;wyf/ onfwyf 20 - udka&SUcsDapí qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;aemuf
wyfrjyKí ydóavmufuonf ausmufawmif[laomt&yfodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ ausmufawmifuonf
aomif&ufudk csDawmfrlonf/ aomif&ufuonf rdkif;pHodkUcsDawmfrlonf/ rdkif;pHwbufodkUa&mufawmf
rlvQif om;awmfr[mOy&mZm nDawmfjynfrif; t0rif;wdkUESifhokH;vcefU owif;pum;Mum;awmf rrl
onfESihf rdkif;pHuwufrJ;acgifjrpfem;wGif wyfcsíaeawmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg wyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif;
wdkUudkac:awmfrlí ,ckyifjrpfudkul;í rdkif;pHNrdKUudkvkyfMuHawmfrl&aomfvnf; oifhrnfavm / wyfawmif
wmwnfí vlemvlrsm;rpGrf;rrmoolwdkUudkaeapNyD;rS vkyfMuHawmfrl&aomvnf; oifhrnfavm[lí pdkif;
jyif;cif;usif;awmfrlonfudk rif;r[mavQmufonf/
uRefawmfwdkUESifhawGUí wdkufvHavorQyif rnfonfumvwGifrQr&½IH;avawmhonfom/ ,if;
odkUudk ,ckrdkif;pHwGifa&wyfMunf;wyfbufí wif;wif;MuyfMuyf aeonft&monf taexl;vSonf/
olwdkUt&yfvnf;jzpfacsonf/ taMumif;&dSrnf ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh rpkHrprf;OD;bJ; trSwfrJ;vkyfMuH
awmfrlí roifhacs/ olwdkUrSmvnf; Munf;wyfomr[kwf a&wyfomvnf;BuD;vSonf/ nDawmfom;awmf
wdkU vuGef;uavmufodkUcsDavonfvnf; ,ckra&mufMuao;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkUrSmvnf; Munf;
wyfomtiftm;BuD;vScsonf/ avSwyfr&dSacsao;jzpfonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh opf0g;cwfapí
wdkufavSpD&ifrSoifhrnfxifonf[lí em;awmfavQmufonf/
qifjzL&Sifocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; rif;r[mavQmufaomta&;udk BudKufawmfrlí
twyfwyfom;wdkUudk acsmif;wckodkU0ifí opfawmfudk&Sm&avonf/ xdkolwdkUvnf; vufyHawmudkwck
udkawGUaví taMumif;udkavQmufvQif ewfzefqif;ouJhodkU wyfwdkif;pD&ifcefU&efawmfrljyefí opfckwf
&avonf/ opfa&mufvQif vTcGJ;apí wdkufavStBuD;tpif;okH;&m ç avSmfum;aMumhavSESpf&m aeUnOfh
rodvkyf&onf/ NyD;vQif [if;ojy'g;okwfaumif;aom avSrsm;udk okwf&onf/ ,if;odkUewfpD&ifouJh
odkUpD&ifawmfrlí 21 - &ufESifhNyD;vQif a&TavSrª;wdkUudkavSmfum;aMumhavSwdkUudkpD;&onf/ wdkufavSBuD;
rsm;udkvnf; Munf;wyfawmfu ol&J;olcufESifh trª;trwfwdkUudk Ekwf,lawmfrlí wyfrª;ppfuJ;cefUawmf
rlonf/
 354 - rdkif;pHüavSwyfcsif;wdkuf,lykH

Anm;usef;axmudk avSwyf0efcefUawmfrlonf/ vif;Zif;rif;ucHaom avSwyfudkwdkuf&av

onf/ Munf;wyfuvnf; jrif;waomif;ESpfaxmifcefUESifh vdkufí r&onf/ vif;Zif;om;wdkUvnf; usHK;
0g;oHyí Anm;cGgrnfaom ppfolBuD;cHESifhonfudk &J;rufawmfavSom;taygif;wkdUtaMumuft½GHUr&dS
½Gyf½GyfcRHcRH wdkufvQif jrpfnmujzpfonfESifh vif;Zif;om;wdkUrcHEdkifí tukefysufav\/ ppfolBuD;
Anm;cGgudkvnf; owfvdkuf&onf/ ]]vlvnf; okH;axmifausmfcefU}}aoavonf/ ]]wdkufavSESpf&mausmf}}
cefUESifh okHUvlESpfaxmifausmf&awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkUavSysufvQif vif;Zif;rif;vnf; aMumuf½GYHjcif;jyif;
pGmjzpfav\/
 355 - avSwyfudk&írdkif;pHNrdKUudkwdkuf,lykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; wdkufavStaygif;wdkUudk wHwm;zGJUí jrpfudk

ul;awmfrlonf/ wbufodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif vif;Zif;rif;vnf; aMumuf&GHUjcif;jyifpGmjzpfavrS rdkif;pHNrdKU
wGif rcH0Hhí tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG awmodkUajy;av\/ vif;Zif;rif;ajy;avNyD[lí Mum;awmfrlvQif rdkif;pH
odkU0ifí aeawmfrlonf/ wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wkdUvnf; tm;&0rf;om ywfpnf ç apmif;ji§if;wD;rIwfí
wyfydkif; yGJ;vrf;cHukefonf/
om;awmf r[mOy&mZm nDawmfjynfrif; t0rif;wdkU vuGef;uavmufaMumif; 33 - wyfcsD
&mrSm qifjrif;Adkvfygrsm;onfESifh tpm;taomuf&Sm;yg;í wajz;ajz;csD&onf/ vuGef;uavmufodkU
a&mufvQif acsmif;BuD;wckudkawGUí a&wdrfonf eufonfudkprf;apaomf qifausufukef;epf&kHomjzpf
onf/ wHwm;rbGJYNyD[lí jrpfudkom ul;Muonf/ wbufodkUa&mufvQif vuGef;uavmufwGifcHaeaom
vif;Zif;rif;trwfokH;&mausmfESifh ppfonf ol&J;ig;aomif;ausmfonf rcH0Hhí awmodkUajy;av\/
r[mOy&mZmwdkUvnf; vuGef;NrdKUudk&awmfrlvQif ]]Anm;y&H}}wwyfudk tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlcJhí
qifjzLrsm;ocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; owif;pum;udk okH;vcefUrMum;&onfESifh vif;Zif;rif;rnf
onfht&yfwGifcHí aeaMumif;udkrod&aomaMumifhvuGef;uavmufonfrdkif;pHodkUppfrsufESmjzefUícsDawmf
rlMuonf/
Anm;y&HtaMumif;um; - ,dk;',m;odkUcsDawmfrlpu trsufawmf&dSí aus;uRefESifhwuG
wyfom; taygif;wdkUudk odrf;,lawmfrlonf/ vif;Zif;odkUcsD&mwGifrS aus;uRefwyfom;wdkUudk ay;tyf
awmfrljyefí om;awmf r[mOy&mZmESifhtwlcsDjyef&onf/
 356 - vif;Zif;rif;ajy;&modkUvdkufykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; rdkif;pHudktvdkawmfjynfhí 5 - &ufcefU&dSvQif

vlemzsm;ajcvufukefoolwdkUudk rdkifpHNrdKUwGif ae&onf/ nDawmfawmifilbk&if rif;acgifudkvnf;
&J;rufawmf 5 - aomif;cefUESifh tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlcJhí wyfrawmfESifhwuG wyf 20 - vif;Zif;rif;
ajy;av&modkU vdkufawmfrlonf/ rdkif;pHucsDawmfrlí okH;pcef;wGif tif;BuD;wckudkawGUawmfrlonf/
xdktcg Zif;r,ftrwf Anm;aoOfvkHþodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifbk&m;
vnf; uRefawmfudk vif;Zif;NrdKUwGif todtjrif[líxm;awmfrlonf/ taqmift&Gufoem;awmfrl&m
wGif {u&mZf taqmift&Gufudkxm;í xdkrSwyg;BuD;aom taqmifta,miftcrf;tem;udk oem;awmf
rlonf/ xdkodkUaom aus;Zl;awmfudkvnf; rnfonfhumvwGifrQ wpkHwckaom trIawmfudk xrf;í
rqyfyg&ao;/ ,ck&efolawmfudkawGUvQif toufudkpGefUí qifpD;csif;wdkuf&rS aus;Zl;awmfudkqyf&
onf rnf&monf/ ,ckvnf; &efolawmfjzpfaom vif;Zif;rif;onf aevESifhwlaom t&Sifbkef;awmf
BuD;jrwfvSaomaMumifh twdkuftvHrcH0Hhí awmodkUajy;avonf/ odkU&mwGifrlum; - vif;Zif;rif;onf
y&d,m,fa00kpfrsm;vSonf/ þtif;wGif ol&J;olcufxm;jrJ;jzpfonf/ bkef;BuD;onft&Sifbkef;vGefuJ;
aomaMumifh rwdkuf0Hhygao;onf/ bkef;BuD;onfh t&Sifjyefawmfrlaomtcg tarhtavsmhBudK;í wdkuf
rnfrcRwf[k em;awmfavQmufonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;Bud;bk&m;vnf; Anm;aoOfvkHavQmufaompum;udk Mum;
awmfrlvQif xdkt&yfü wyfcsawmfrlí vSudk&Smapaomfr&aomaMumifh abmifyef;trsm;bGJUapí tajrmuf
aoewfwifapNyD;vQif tif;odkU0ifí tuGJ;uGJ;&Sm&avonf/ tif;tv,fwGifuRef;wckü a,mufsm;rdef;r
tBuD;ti,f okH;&mcefU&í qufonf/ ,if;odkUrS xdktif;udkcGgícsDawmfrlonf/ av;pcef;a&mufawmfrl
vQif om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwdkUcsDvSmonfESifh awGUawmfrlí vif;Zif;rif;vnf; rdkif;pHuonf c&D;w
aMumif;oGm;aví (acsmif;íwdkufrnfawmuykefíaeonf)/ om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwdkUcsDvSmaMumif;udk
odvQif awmodkU0ifíajy;avonf/ r[mOy&mZmwdkUrlum; - acsmif;em;c&D;udkcsDawmfrlMuaomaMumifh
awmjcm;ívif;Zif;rif;udkrawGUvdkufacs/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmf om;awmf taygif;
ta&mufnDvQif wyfaygif; 52 - wyfom;ESifhwuG ajrjyifjynfhvq vif;Zif;rif;ajy;&modkU vdkufawmfrl
onf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; tvkH;t&if;ESifhwuG awmtkHawmifurf;udkwufoufí ajrrdk;us,fonf
twdkif; ajy;av\/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf ppfrsufESmjzefUívdkufawmfrl
onf/ c&D;jyif;vSacsonfESifh &Hcg&GmjynfawGUaomaMumifh rsdK;&du©m&í pm;&onf/ &Hcgum;awmomjzpf
í rsdK;&du©mr&aomaMumifh &J;rufawmftaygif;wdkU iwfrGwf&Sm;yg;í yifyef;ndK;EGrf;acsonf/ ,if;odkU
tyiftyef;cHí vdkufawmfrlonf/ vif;Zif;rif;ajy;avonfh t&yfudktwyfrodaomaMumifh rawGUacs/
&Snfvwfaomf qifjrif;Adkvfygzsm;emiwfrGwfí avsmhyg;,dk,Gif;acsonf/
 357 - vif;Zif;rif;tm;wufí ckHcHvmjcif;

]]uazgif}][laomt&yfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif ppfonfwa,mufonf rsdK;aph&du©m &Smrnf[lí

oGm;avonfudk vif;Zif;rif;ppfonfwdkUawGUvQif brf;í vif;Zif;rif;udk qufavonf/ xdkoludk
ar;ppfaomf &J;rufawmf tvkH;wdkUonf rsdK;aph&du©mqGHU&Sm;onfESifh emzsm;iwfrGwfí trsm;bdwfpif
,Gif;,dkacsonf[líavQmufav\/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om vuf½kH;vufarmif;udkwef;í
þodkUqdkav\/ ight&yfodkUrif;w&m;BuD;a&mufvSmonfudk ightvsifqD;BudKí rwdkufbJ; aejcif;um;
- aMumuf&GHUíaeonfr[kwf ta&;udkarQmfwif;vsuf yifyef;emzsm;í ajcvufukefrSwdkufrnf[k MuH
vsufigaeonf/ ,ckrlum; - ightMuHodkUa&mufNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh igwdkufawmfrlrnf[líqdkNyD;vQif
]]uazgif}}[laomt&yfESifh 5 - wdkifcefUaomt&yfwGif tcdkiftvkHppfwyfwnfí usKH;ajrmif;vnf;wl;í
qifvkH; ç jrif;&if;wdkufqifav;&m ppfonfol&J; &Spfaomif;cefUESifh cHíae\/
 358 - vifZif;rif;aevmaomwyfodkUa&mufvQif
wdkufrnfjyK&mwGif ta&;avQmufqkdMuykH

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; awmt&yfwckwGif vif;Zif;rif;cHíaeonf

taMumif;ukdMum;awmfrlvQif nDawmf om;awmf rª;awmf rwfawmftaygif;wdkUudk ,ckyif igcsDawmfrl
rnf/ wyfrª; ppfuJ;taygif;wdkU ,ckyif xGufavtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ ,if;aomtcg &J;rufawmftaygif;
wdkUonf rsdK;aph&du©mukefí awmüpm;aumif;aom opfoD;opf½Guf r&aomaMumifh wcsdKUum; - okH;&uf
av;&ufxrif;rpm;&? yef;zsm;yif ç azgif;yifwdkUudk,lí pm;ukefvsuf t&SiftrIawmfudkxrf;ukefonf/
,if;odkU &J;rufawmftaygif;wdkUonf iwfrGefvsufyif csDawmfrlí vif;Zif;rif;aeonfESifh
wwdkifausmfcefU t&yfodkU a&mufawmfrlvQif twyfwyfwGifygaom wdkufqiftaygif;wdkUudk teDcsnf;
okwfapí ppfrsufESmusif;vsuf toifhaeukefonf/ ,if;aomtcg nDawmf ç om;awmf taygif;wdkUudk
þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ tudkwdkUonf vlysdKvl&G,f jzpfaomaMumifh a&SUodkU yGJ;vrf;awGUrnfrsm;ao;
onf/ igrlum - touft&G,fBuD;awmfrlNyD/ ,cktcgüom ighyGJ;jzpfawmhonf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaom
aMumifh vif;Zif;rif;udk igqifpD;csif;wdkufawmfrlrnf[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/
xdktrdefUawmfudk nDawmf ç om;awmfwdkUMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufukefonf/ bkef;BuD;vS
aom b0&Sifbk&m; uRefawmfwdkU&dSvsufolESifh qifcsif;,SOfíwdkufawmfrlrnf trdefU&dS&mrSm uRefawmf
wdkU rsufESmxm;p&mr&dSNyD/ onft&monf bkef;awmfBuD;vSaomb0&Sifbk&m;t&mawmfr[kwfuRefawmf
wdkUta&;onfjzpfonf[lí em;awmfavQmufukefonf/ ,if;odkUrS nDawmf om;awmftp&dSaom wyfrª; ç
ppfuJ;taygif;wdkUonf vif;Zif;rif;udk qifpD;csif;wdkuf&atmif tm;oefvsuf&dSukef\/
xdktcg Anm;'vonf jynfbk&ifwyfodkU qifpD;í oGm;onf/ a&mufvQifþodkUavQmufonf/
,ck&J;rufawmftaygif;wdkUonf xrif;rpm;onf 3 - &uf 4 -&uf&dSí rdrdwdkUvufeufudkrQ rpGJudkifEdkif
&dSonf/ tcsKdUaom&J;rufawmfwdkUvnf; iwfrGwfyifyef;vSaomaMumifh rDSatmifyifrvdkufEdkifí ra&muf
Muao;&dSonf/ odkUudktvsifwdkufawmfrlrnf ,ckpD&ifawmfrlonfoifhrnf rxif[lí em;awmfavQmuf
onf/ Anm;'vavQmufaompum;udk jynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmMum;vqif þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf/
Anm;'vqdkaom pum;onf trSefjzpfawmhonf/ olrsm;rpm;&onfudkxm;í igrQpm;awmfrac:&onf
weyf&dSNyD? xrif;iwfaomaMumifh pm;awmfcsufudk aiG 10 ay;í qef0,fap&onf/ qefwpv,fudk
aiGwq,fay;í r&aomaMumifh pm;awmfcsufudk igtjypfawmfwifonf/ qefr&dSaMumif; ,refaeUueif
ighudk ravQmufr&dSaMumif;udk odwNyD;um; - r[mOy&mZmnDawmf t0rif;wdkUrSmapírawmif;&avm/
,ckigqifpD;csif;wdkufawmfrlrnfjyKrS xrif;rpm;&&dSonf[lí pm;awmfcsufudkuGyfrsufawmfrlonf/
qif;&J;om;wdkUrSmaomfum; - tb,fqdk bG,f&m&dStHhenf;[lí rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif wk&ifod'd¨[laom
trwfwa,mufudk Anm;'vESifh twlxnfh vdkufíb0&Sifrif;bk&m;wyfawmfodkU oGm;avonf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; Anm;'vavmonfudkjrifawmfrlvQif tyg;
odkUac:awmfrlí ,ckigwdkufawmfrlrnfudk yodkUxifoenf;[lí ar;awmfrlonf/ Anm;'vvnf;
okH;BudrfOD;csí þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ vif;Zif;rif;þt&yfü wyfawmifwmwnfí aejcif;onf
um;taMumif;okH;yg;ESifhjynfhpkHavonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;bk&m; þt&yfü aeawmfrl
jcif;onfum; -wyg;aomtaMumif;udkrQuRefawmfrjrif[líem;awmfavQmufonfudkvif;Zif;rif;aejcif;
ütaMumif;okH;yg;[lonf tb,fenf;[líar;awmfrlonf/ Anm;'vvnf; þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyef
onf/ vif;Zif;rif;onf t&yfü wyfcdkifwyfvkH;aejcif;onfum; - bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;
w&m;csDawmfrlpu &J;rufawmftaygif;wdkUonf aumif;uifüjynfhaom qD;ESif;aygufuJhodkU tvGefrsm;
vSonf/ qD;ESif;aygufudk aea&mifaMumufonf&dSaomf vif;aysmufouJhodkU qifjrif;Adkvfyg,Gif;,dkav
NyD;onf[lítrSwf&dS&avonf/ onfvnf;taMumif;wyg;jzpfonf/ vif;Zif;rif;onf olUNrdKUolU&Gmjzpf
avaomaMumifh rsdK;aph&du©mrsm;pGm odkrDS;&aoonfvnf; taMumif;wyg;jzpfonf/ wdkU&GmwdkUjynfudk
ESrf;e,fouJhodkU tBudrfBudrfwdkufvHzsufqD;avonfrsm;NyD/ ,ckiwfrGwfzsm;em&dSonftcdkuf toufudk
pGefUíwdkufawmhrnf[k tm;oefvsufaeonfvnf; taMumif;wyg;jzpfygonf/ þodkUtaMumif;okH;yg;
ESifhjynfhpkHavonf/
bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b0&Sifrif;bk&m;aeawmfrljcif;ü taMumif;wyg;rQ rxifavQmuf&mrSm
wdkif;BuD;jynfBuD;taygif; xD;aqmifrif;wumwdkU\t&Sifjzpfawmfrlonf/ vif;Zif;rif;ESifh qifwdkuf
bufjyKawmfrlrnf trdefUawmf&dS&mrsm vif;Zif;½IH;í toufaoaomfvnf; aooifhavonf/jynfaxmif
bufcsif;rif;wdkUMum;avaomfvnf; vif;Zif;rif;wHcdk;udk yHhouJhodkU&dS&monf/ xdktaMumif;rsm;udk
jrifí&dScdk;em;awmfavQmufonf/ ,ckvnf; rdk;csKyfavNyD/ ,aeUonfwGifwyfcsawmfrlí rdk;aomufrS ppf
tifudkMunfhí vkyfMuHrS oifhrnfxifonf[kem;awmfavQmufonf/
nDawmf owdk;"r®&mZmvnf; qifrpD;í wyfawmfodkUvmonf/ a&mufvQif þodkUem;awmf
avQmufonf/ vif;Zif;rif;t&yfwGif rdk;aomufatmifaevQif &atmifbrf;í uRefawmfqufygrnf[lí
em;awmfavQmufonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; nDawmfjynfbk&ifESifhAnm;'v
avQmufaomta&;udk BudKufawmfrlí xdkaeUwyfcsaeawmfrlonf/
wyfcsonfudk om;awmf r[mOy&mZmjrifvQif qifrESifhvmí þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/
vif;Zif;rif;udk ,ckaeUwdkuf&rSawmfrnf rdk;aomufrSwdkufrnftMuH&dSawmfvQif nOfhudkajy;avawmhrnf
[líavQmufonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vif;Zif;rif;ajy;avonfudk armif
tvdkr&dSavm[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/
r[mOy&mZmvnf; trª;trwfwdkUudktavQmuf þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ &Sifbk&ifpdwfawmfESifh
ighpdwfawmfrwl/ ,dk;',m;odkUcsDpua&mufvQif NrdKUudk½Gyf½GyfcRHcRHwdkuf&onf&dSaomf tvsifatmifjrifí
vloltaotaysuf t,Gif;t,dkenf;vdrfhrnfyifxifonf/ ,if;odkUrvkyfrMuH& ajrawmifudkom;tm;
jyKaomaMumifh tvkyftMuH&SnfMumí qifjrif;Adkvfygt,Gif;t,dkrsm;vSavonf/ ,ckvnf; vif;Zif;
rif;aus;odkUa&mufvQif vif;Zif;rif;udk b,feHcgawGUyg&rnf[lí qkawmif;y|emjyKonf/ ,ckawGU
vQifwdkufyg&rnfudk rwdkufbJ;wyfcsíaeawmfrljyefonf/ vif;Zif;rif;ajy;jyefavaomf&atmif vdkuf
av[lí wyfrª; ppfuJ;ol&J;olcufwdkUudk tyef;&Smawmhrnf rcRwfNyD[lí roufrompum;udkrdefUawmfrl
onf/
,if;aomtcg wyfrawmfwGif vufa&G;&Srf;wa,mufonf okH;&ufwdkif xrif;rpm;&aom
aMumifh oufi,facsmif;udkEkwfí pm;onfudkjrifawmfrlí ar;aomf okH;&ufwdkifwdkif xrif;rpm;&aom
aMumifhoufi,facsmif;udkpm;onf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/qifjzLrsm;ocifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;
vnf; wdkufpdkufü&dSaom xrif;ajcmufrkHUudk,lapí 0if;awmf 4 - rsufESmom;ESifh rª;awmfrwfawmft
aygif;wdkUudk taphtESY Ha0awmfrlonf/ qifpmjrifpm;wdkUudkvnf; 0atmif&SmíauR;&onf/
 359 - vif;Zif;rif;udk Anm;aoOfavQmufí wyfrSajy;xGufykH

vif;Zif;rif;vnf; qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf wyfcsaeawmfrlaom

tjzpfudkodaomaMumifh rdk;aomufvQif wdkufrnf tpDt&ifudkBuKH;0g;oHyíaeav\/ xdktcg Anm;
aoOf[laomtrwfonf olUt&Sif vif;Zif;rif;udkþodkUavQmufonf/ qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sif
rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; csDawmfrlvSmonf ppfonftaygif;um; woef; ç wdkufqif taygif;um; &Spfaxmif
ckESpf&m ç jrif;taygif;um; 5 aomif; 7 axmifygonfudk uRefawmfwdkUrSm wdkufqif 500/ Adkvf&Spf
aomif;cefUom olUudk&efjyKacsaomf uRefawmfwdkUu wa,muftaocH olwdkUu wusdyfaoaomfvnf;
olUudkratmifEdkif&m/ taMumif;rSmvnf; oluwyfrª;ppfuJ;taygif; wdkUonf touftaocHí
wdkufrnfolcsnf;jzpfonf/ olUudkwdkufawmfrlrnf[lí pD&ifawmfrlonf t&m onf roifhacs[lí
avQmufav\/ Anm;aoOfavQmufaompum;udk vif;Zif;rif;Mum;vQif þodkUrdefU awmfrlonf/ qifjzL
rsm;&Sifrif;w&m;ppfonf ol&J;um; - csDvSmpu rsm;onfrSef\/ emzsm;iwfrGwfí ,Gif;,dk
onfvnf;rsm;vSavNyD/ ,ckajcvufukefí iwfrGwfyifyef;onf tcdkufwGifwdkuf&onfjzpfrS
atmifrnf[k rdefUawmfrlonf/ xdkpum;udk Anm;aoOfMum;vQif þodkUem;awmfavQmufjyefonf/ olwdkU
udk iwfrGwfzsm;emonf[lí trdefUawmf&dS&mrSm olwdkUuqifpD;ol&J;taygif;wdkUonf xrif;rpm;&bJ;&dS
&moavm/ igwdkUocifrif;onf olUpum;udk ,kH,G,facsaomaMumifh a&SUaomtcg r[mOy&mZmwdkU
csDvSmí aemif[HodkUa&mufvSm&mwGif Anm;eef;pum;udk ,kHMunfhícHacsaomaMumifh Anm;eef;vnf;
qkH;/ aoOfvkH&mZ0wfvnf;qkH;/ igwdkUocifvnf; yifyef;acsonf/ xkdrSwyg;vnf; ydóavmufwGif
qifjzLrsm;ocif trwfAnm;okH;yg;cHíaeonfudk ,dk;',m;rif;ESifh wdkUocif{u&mZfESpfyg;tm;ESifh oGm;
ívkyfMuHacsonf/ trwf okH;yg;udkrQrEdkifacs tvGefyifyef;Muacsonf/ ,dk;',m;trwf ]Mo,m;&H}
pum;udk ,kHMunfawmfrlaomaMumifh tifoaumwGif qifjrif;Adkvfygtrsm; qkH;½IH;&acsonf/
,ckvnf; brf;í&aom olUuRefpum;udkemí olUudkwdkufrnftMuHawmf&dSonf pdwfawmfu&dS
onftwdkif; jzpfEdkifaomfaumif;\/ rjzpfonf&dSaomf ta&;awmfrcsufacsNyDav/ ,if;okdUjzpfaom
aMumifh uRefawmfwdkUt&yfvnf; ajrrdk;us,fonf tcdkuftwef;udk a&SmifvGJ;í aeawmfrlonf&dSaomf
uRefawmfwdkUNrdKUudkzsmvdyf,lEdkifrnfavm oljyefavuMuHKBudKuf&m rMuH&avm/ a&SUrif;wumwdkUonf
vnf; &efola&mufvSmaomtcg Oyg,fav;yg;ESifh MuHukefonf[líavQmufonf/ vif;Zif;rif;vnf;
xdkpum;udkMum;vQif cHíwdkufaomfvnf; ratmifEdkif&mt,l&dSí xdknOfhwGifyif wyfuxGufíajy;\/
 360 - vif;Zif;rif;ajy;&modkUrvdkufbJ;jyefawmfrlonfhtaMumif;

qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; vif;Zif;rif;ajy;avonftaMumif;udk Mum;

awmfrlvQif vif;Zif;rif;wyfwGif &dSaom pyg;qefa& pm;aumif; aomufbG,fwdkUudk &J;rufawmft
aygif;wdkUtm; a0awmfrlí 0ajympmjzpfukefonf/ ,if;odkUrS nDawmfom;awmf rª;awmf rwfawmftaygif;
wdkUudk ac:awmfrlí vif;Zif;rif;jApJ;ppfonf cHíwdkufrnft[efESifhcHíum; - rwdkuf xGufíajy;av
onfudk tb,fodkUxifoenf;[líar;awmfrlonf/ ,if;aomtcg r[mOy&mZm avQmufonfum; -
vif;Zif;rif;udk nOfhu ppfOD;bDvl;ygwdkuf&onf&dSaomf qifjrif;AdkvfygESifhwuG odrf;,lawmfrl&vdrfhrnf
udk rdk;aomufrSwdkufoifhonf[líavQmufMuaomaMumifh wyfcsíaejyef&mwGif vif;Zif;rif; ajy;xGuf&
avonf/ ,ckrSudk vdkufaomfvnf;awGUEdkif&rnfr[kwfNyD/ ,ckvnf; rdk;avusawmhrnfeD;NyD/ qifjrif;
Akdvfygvnf;ñId;vSonf/ onfwBudrfudkjyefawmfrlí qifjrif;Adkvfygjznfhwif;awmfrlí a&SUrdk;pJ;vif;
yGifhudkrS csDawmfrlvQif vif;Zif;rif;udk&awmfrlrnf[líem;awmfavQmufonf/
r[mOy&mZmavQmufaompum;udk jynfbk&if owdk;"r®&mZmMum;awmfrlvQif þodkUem;awmf
avQmufjyefonf/ vif;Zif;rif;onf uRefawmfwdkUESifh awGUorQyifrnfonfumvwGifrS rysufpD[lír&dS
ysufpD;í qifjrif;Adkvfyg qkH;½IH;,dk,Gif;onfrsm;vSavNyD/ odkUaomaMumifh qifjrif;,SOfí rwdkuf0Hh/
awmtkHawmifurf; us,fonfhtwdkif; a&SmifvTJ;ykef;ug,fíaeawmhrnftMuH&dSí ajy;avonf/ onf
wBudrfudkjyefawmfrlí vif;Zif;rif;NrdKUodkU tcsOf;taeudk acsmif;íwdkufvH&onfjzpfrS &awmfrlrnf[lí
avQmufvQif qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf; qifjrif;Adkvfyg ñdI;EGrf;onfESifh wefcl;
vjyefawmfrlonf/ rdkif;pHodkUa&mufawmfrlvqif Anm;y&Hvnf;emí vGefavonf/ aumif;rGefpGm
taqmifta,mifusif;yí oN*ØK[fawmfrlNyD;vQif txufuAnm;avmudk trsufxGufí wyfom;wdkUudk
½kwfodrf;awmfrlonf/ trsufawmfajyí ay;jrJ;aom taqmifta,mifESifhwuG wyfom;rsm;udkay;awmf
rljyefonf/ Anm;y&Hom;udkvnf; Anm;puf[laomtrnfESifh tbwyfom;udkay;awmfrljyefonf/
,if;odkUrSrdkif;pHujyefí e,kefvydóavmufodkUa&mufawmfrlonf/ ydóavmufNrdKUwGif ig;&ufaeawmf
rlí ,dk;',m;aus;vufNrdKU&Gmtaygif;wdkUudk pD&ifcefU&efawmfrlí e,kefvqef; 7 - &ufaeU ydó
avmufu jyefawmfrlonf/ 0efNrdKUodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif bDvl;wdkUvkyfaom qHawmfbk&m;jrwfpGmwGif
aZw0efa&Tausmif;? ausmif;&HESpfq,fESifhwuG aqmufaptrdefUawmf&dScJhí jyefawmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf (932) udk;&mokH;q,fESpfck 0gqdkvqef; q,f&uf paeaeU [Hom0wDa&Teef;awmfodkU
a&mufawmfrlonf/ 0gacgifvqef; 5 - &uf Ak'¨[l;aeU uonf;apmfbGm;[kHu orD;i,fudk om;udkapí
ajc&if;awmfodkU vufaqmifawmfrsm;ESifh qufvSm&onf/
 361 - ukodkvfawmfrsm;jyKpkawmfrlykH

,kd;',m;odkU csDawmfrlonfaemuf eef;awmfudkzsufí xm;aom opfwdkUudk oydwfawmfa&Tbk&m;

xm;p&ma&Tp&yfaqmufapí ajrudkjrifhatmifbdkU&onf/
932 - ck 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 9 - &uf weif;vmaeU udk,fav;awmf aiGokH;q,fig;ydóm 3
usyfudk aumif;rIawmf r[mapwDrSm a&Trjynfhudk xnfhp&ma&Ttdk;vªawmfrlonf/
oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf ESpf&uf Ak'¨[l;aeU a&Tarmfa"mbk&m;NydKonfudk vkyfpjyKonf/ ,if
onfaeUyif usdKufudk jrwfpGmbk&m;NydKonf Xmyemawmfrlonf/
,if;onfaeUyif a&Tbk&m;BuD; ç rdk;BudK;bk&m;BuD; ç aiGbk&m;BuD; ç yOöavm[mbk&m;BuD; ç
onfbk&m;av;qludk waeUwcgwnf;oGef;vkyfawmfrlonf/
932 ck ¤if;ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 3 - &uf / weif;vmaeU a&TvTwfawmfaqmufawmfrl
onf/
¤if;wydkUwGJ;vqef; 1 - &uf Ak'¨[l;aeUvTwfawmfudk wufawmfrlonf/
¤if;wydkUwGJ;vjynfhausmf ESpf&ufaomMumaeU a&Tbk&m;BuD;udk tcsdefig;&mokH;q,fudk oGef;NyD;
vQif rPdawmfrSpí ouFef;'kuk#fawmfwdkUudkywåjrm;pDawmfrlonf/ eef;wufaomtcg aqmif;awmfrl
aom tbdk;twdkif;rodaom rudk#fawmf ç yefawmfrlaom ywåjrm; ç 0wfawmfrlom ywåjrm;pdef ç jrjzifh
NyD;aom vufaumuf ç vufpGyfwdkUudk zsufí pDawmfrlonf/
twkv oD&dr[m&mZma'0D &Sifrdbk&m;BuD; pm;awmfac:onfh ywåjrm;cGuftkyfwdkUudkvnf; zsuf
ípDawmfrlonf/ om;awmforD;awmf udk,fvkyfarmif;rwdkUqif0wfaom wefqmudkvnf;jc,fvS,fpDrH
awmfrlonf/
ouú&mZf 933 e,kefvqef; 7 - &ufaeU paeaeU pE´ma'0D&Sifrdbk&m;wGif jrifaom orD;
awmf rif;cifapmESifh nDawmf awmifilbk&ifrif;acgif om;awmf rif;&J;ausmfxifESifh eef;wGif;wGif pkHbuf
awmfrlonf/
vufxyf tpDtpOfudkus,frnfpdk;í rqdkonf/
¤if;0gqdkvqef; ckESpf&uf paeaeU uukoef ç aumP*kH ç uóy ç a*gwr bk&m;&Sif ½kyfwk
awmf av;qlwdkUudk a&Tp&yfodkUoGif;awmfrl&onf/
,kd;',m;uyifhcJhaom a&Tqif;wk ç aiGqif;wk ç yOöavmu qif;wkwdkUudkvnf; aumif;rIawmf
a&Tp&yf0ef;usifwGif oDwif;okH;awmfrl&onf/
xdkaeUü ordeftJ;y&J;[laom trwfudkAnm;y&H[laomtrnfESifhvGefavaomAnm;y&Hwyfom;
udkay;awmfrlonf/
 362 - &Srf;jynfajrmufydkif; ykefuefícsDwufykH

¤if;0gacgifvqef; 5 - &ufaeU w&zsm;wwyf çoHus,fwwyfçordefoHvdkufwwyfç&J;a,mf"m

wwyf onfwyfav;wyfudk wdkufqifokH;&m ç jrif;av;axmif ç ppfonfol&J;av;aomif;ESifh tif;
wa,mfaomif;usef;ykefuef&modkUcsD&onf/ tif;wa,mfodkUa&mufvQif apmfbGm;ESifhwuGwNrdKUvkH;twdkuf
rcH0Hh awmodkUajy;av\/ (vdkufvH&SmazGvQif opömawmfudk raoGrvSef trIawmfudkxrf;ygawmhrnf
avQmufvsmí jyefMu&onf/)
¤if;ouú&mZf(933)ckwGif rdk;aumif; rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm;wkdUESifhwuG rdkif;udkif;pm; ç Mopm; ç u,m;
pm; ç rdkif;anmifpm; ç 0efokdpm; ç rdk;ppfpm;wdkUonf wcsufwnf;wdkifyifí aomif;usef;ykefuefav
onf/
xdktaMumif;udk ajrwlpm; ç a&eJ;pm;wdkUu avQmufvmí Mum;awmfrlvQif r[mOy&mZm tp&dS
aom rª;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkUudk ac:awmfrlí þodkUtrdefUawmf&dSonf/ rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;çrdk;ñSif;
apmfbGm;i,fwdkUonf igolaumif;jyKawmfrlí olaumif;jzpfNyD;vQif ighaus;Zl;awmf opömawmfESpfyg;udk
aoGzDíqefUusifhonf/ ,if;odkUysufpD;vdkí jyKusifhrdavonfjzpfawmhrnf[lí trdefUawmf&dSonf/
xdktrdefUawmfudkMum;vQif Anm;'vOD;csí þodkUem;awmfavQmufonf/ rdk;aumif;apmfbGm; ç
rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;wdkUonf bkef;awmfBuD;vSaom b&Sifrif;w&m;aus;Zl;awmfopömawmfESpfyg;udk aoGzDí
usifhonft&mrSm auo&mZm ajcaoFhrif;a&Suudk ,kefoli,fwdkUonf oef;íoGm;avouJhodkU MuHrSm;
avonfomjzpfawmhonf/
a&Tb0g;awmfatmufu csDapaomfvnf; twdkuftvH cH0Hhrnfr[kwf/ awmtkHawmifurf;odkU
ajy;awmhrnf/ ,if;odkUjzpfaomaMumifh nDawmfom;awmfwdkUudkom csDapoifhonf[lí em;awmfavQmuf
onf/
qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;vnf;rdk;aumif; rdk;n§if;odkUpD&ifcefU&efawmfrlonf/
avSwyfrSm om,m0wdpm;wwyf ç ajrxJ;pm;wwyf ç pukpm;wwyf ç pvif;pm;wwyf ç
ykcef;i,fpm;wwyf ç pavpm;wwyf ç yk*Hpm;wwyf ç wvkyfpm;wwyf ç ycef;BuD;pm;wwyf ç tjrifh
pm;wwyf ç y'kHpm;wwyf ç uEéDpm;wwyf ç pOfhul;pm;wwyf ç waumif;pm;wwyf ç nDawmfjynf
bk&ifowdk;"r®&mZmudkAdkvfcsKyfcefUawmfrlonf/
onfwq,fhig;wyfwGif ygonfh uwåK ç vGef;Muif ç ul½Gyf ç &J;avSwaxmif ç wHpGufoHavS
okH;&m ç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifha&aMumif;csD&onf/
Munf;aMumif;rsm ordefjzwfpwwyf ç eE´ol&d,wwyf ç ordef,dku&wfwwyf ç eE´a,mf"mw
wyf ç oD&d"r®&wfwwyf ç eE´ausmfxifwwyf ç Anm;y&Hwwyf ç eE´oMuHwwyf ç aersdK;ausmfxif
wwyf ç om;awmf r[mOy&mZmwwyfudk wyfrjyKícsD&onf/ onfq,fwGif ygonfhwdkufqif
waxmifhig;&m ç jrif;waomif;waxmif ç ppfonfol&J;wodef;ESpfaomif;ESifhMunf;aMumif;csD&onf/
rdk;wm;vufyHodkUa&mufvQif avSwyfuonfMunf;wyfodkU wufí rdk;n§if;odkUcsD&onf/ r[m
Oy&mZmwdkUvnf; 0ef;odkudkcsDí owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUESifh rdkif;omwGifqkHrdMuvQif rdk;ñSif;odkUcsDawmfrlMu
onf/ rdk;ñSif;apmfbGm; rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;wdkUvnf; [Hom0wDu a&aMumif; Munf;aMumif;csDvSmonf/
tiftm;rsm;vSonf[lí Mum;vQif NrdKUwGifrae0Hhí awmifurf;BuD;&m awmtkHeuf&modkUajy;íaeav
onf/
 r[mOy&mZm owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUa&mufí rdk;n§if;apmfbGm; NrdKUuxGufajy;aMumif;udk odawmfrl
vQif eE´ol&d,wwyfudk rdk;ñSif;wGif tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlí rdk;aumif;odkUcsDawmfrlMuonf/ a&mufí
rdk;aumif;apmfbGm;onf rdk;n§if;apmfbGm;ESifh ajy;xGufMuavaomtaMumif;udkodawmfrlMuvQifordef
jzwfp wwyfudk rdk;aumif;NrdKUwGif tapmifhtaecefUawmfrlcJhí apmfbGm;ESpfOD;ajy;av&modkUvdkufawmfrl
Mu\/ av;v ig;vcefU&SmazGaomfvnf; apmfbGm;ESpfOD;wdkUaeonfaeonfudk twufrodaomaMumifh
r&acs/ xdktaMumif;udk avQmufapaomf rdk;veD;onfESifhtpm;taomufqGHU&Sm;aomaMumifh ac:awmfrl
onf/
r[mOy&mZm owdk;"r®&mZmwdkUvnf; &awmfrlonfh qifjrif;vlolwdkUudk odrf;,lawmfrlcJhí jyef
awmfrl&onf/
¤if;jymodkvqef; wq,fhESpf&uf Ak'¨[l;aeU usdKufudkbk&m;jrwfpGmoydwfarSmufwGif arGawmf ç
"mwfawmf ç ½kyfwkawmf ç qif;wkawmfwdkUudk Xmyemawmfrlonf/