‫ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬

١
‫ﺣﺠﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺗﻲ‬

:‫ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﮑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﮔـﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻫـﺎﻱ‬،‫ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻭ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻫـﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧـﻪ‬،‫ﺫﻳﻨﻔﻌﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ؟‬
‫ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘـﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮐﺮﺩ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﮏ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬،‫ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬،‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬.‫ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬،‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﺰﻳﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬
،‫ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻨﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬.‫( ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ISIC) ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻟﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬.‫ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬SAW , TOPSIS ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
.‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬-‫ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬-‫ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬:‫ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ‬

RANKING IRANIAN INDUSTRY BY TECHNIQUES

MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING
H. NABOVATI
Abstract:
One of the carectrastics of pioneer company is applying performance measurement.
It could be gotten to the right knowledge and judgment about efficiency and effectiveness the foundations of
performance measurement system based on up to realization of company mission and obtaining the stakeholders
benefits.
But the main question is “which values should be selected and what are the suitable criteria of this selection?
To answer this question; financial evaluation is not sufficient to measure the performance.
One efficient tool for this purpose is balanced scorecard (BSC) which evaluates the company in side of four aspects:
Financial, Customer, Internal Processes, Learning & Growth. BSC selects criteria which are balanced with each other
and realize the determined goals.
In this study after Explanation the concept of performance measurement, the condition of BSC establishment is studied
and with the help multi criteria analysis method (e.g. Principal Component Analysis, Numerical Taxonomy) and
different indicators in BSC framework According to International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) is done.
Then with the consideration of four digit codes of Iranian Food industry and determination of the Importance of
indicators with Cooperation of some sophisticated with the Delphi and Atrophy method the ranking is done by
Technique Order Preference by Similarity to ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Simple Additive Weighting Method (SAW)
method.
To confirm the validity of used method with Spearman non-parametric correlation, the results are compared.

H_Nabovati@yahoo.com -‫ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ‬-1

‫‪KEYWORDS: Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Ranking Iranian Industry,‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﻴﺘـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﮑﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺟـﺎﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺑﮑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﺍ ﺍﮐﺘﻔـﺎ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻣـﺎ ﻫﻨـﻮﺯ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻲﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺗﺒـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟـﺐ ﻣﻄﺮﻭﺣـﻪ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻗﻤـﻲ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠـﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻱ )‪ (2ISIC‬ﮐـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۱۳۸۲‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧـﻪ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‪ ٣‬ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ (PCA) ٤‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﮐـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤـﻲ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏـﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗـﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‪ (MADA)٥‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ ٦SAW‬ﻭ ‪ ٧TOPSIS‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﮐـﻞ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺗﺒـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤـﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ 8ANP‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪۴] .‬ﻭ‪[۷‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪۱‬ﻭ‪۲‬ﻭ‪ ، ۸‬ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺍﺯﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ ﺳﻠﻴﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫‪ -۱‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‪(ROI)٩‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪ -۵‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‬
‫‪ -۸‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪ -۷‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻤﺰﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫‪ -۱۰‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﮐﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪ -۹‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬
‫‪ -۱۲‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪ -۱۱‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﮐﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﻤﺰﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻮﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﮐﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺿـﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪- International Standard Industrial Classification‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪- Numerical Taxonomy‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪- Principal Component Analysis‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪- Multi Attribute Decision Analysis‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪- Simple Additive Weighting Method‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪- Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to ideal Solution‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪- Analytical Network Process‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪- Rate Of Return‬‬
 ‫‪ - ۱-۲‬ﻫﻢﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﮐـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻳﮏ ﮐﻢ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ۱‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫)‪ (ISIC‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۱۳۸۲‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۱۳۸۴‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪[۳].‬‬
‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪: (1‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﺩو ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -۱-۳‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪[۱۰] PCA‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺒﺪﺍ )ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ( ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪ z‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻤﭽـﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﺮﻡﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Minitab‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣـﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺿـﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻫﻤﺒـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ :‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺧﻴﻠـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﺮﻡ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺎﺿـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ‪ Matlab‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ Minitab‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Minitab‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪).‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪(۵‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻴـﺎﺯ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ PCA‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻫـﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺫﻳـﻞ‬
‫∧‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪∧ l‬‬
‫‪ PC K = ∑ Lkq m q‬ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ Lqk‬ﻧــﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨــﺪﻩ ﺑــﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﻭ )‪mqj (q,1,2,... p‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪):‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪(۵‬‬
‫‪q =1‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪Z PCA = ∑ Wk .PCk (۱) (۶‬‬
‫‪k =1‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ PCk‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ‪k‬ﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ‪ Wk‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ PCk‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪λk‬‬
‫= ‪ . Wk‬ﻟﮑـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐـﻪ ‪ PC k‬ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﮐﻼ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺁﻧﮕـﺎﻩ‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫‪− λk‬‬
‫= ‪ . Wk‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻳﮑﺪﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻋﻼﻣـﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ Wk‬ﺭﺍ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ‪ Wq = ∑ Wk Lkq‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻼﻣـﺖ ‪ Wk‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫‪k =1‬‬

‫ﻳﮏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻨﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ‪ Wk‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺭﺗﺒـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ PCA‬ﺑـﺎ ﺭﺗﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﻓـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪[۲۶].‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪ :(2‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﺩو ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪: (3‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﺩو ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪: (4‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ وﯾﮋﻩ و ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ وﯾﮋﻩ ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﺩو ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ )ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪( minitab‬‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ :(5‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ :(6‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ وﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ و ﺍﻣﺘﯿﺎﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ :(7‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﺪ ﺩو ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭوﺵ ‪PCA‬‬

‫‪ -۲-۳‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻨﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ]‪[۶‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺒﺪﺍ )ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ( ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪ z‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ Zk*p‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪p‬‬
‫‪Dab‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫∑‬ ‫‪j =1‬‬
‫‪( zaj − zbj ) 2‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪1, 2, . . . , P=j‬‬ ‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪(۸‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪:‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﮐﻨـﻴﻢ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ di‬ﻣﻴﻨـﻴﻤﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺮ ‪ i‬ﺍﻡ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ )‪ (D‬ﺑﺠﺰ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ Dij‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣـﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ‪ Dk*k‬ﻣﺘﻘـﺎﺭﻥ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺻـﻔﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫)ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ‪ dr‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪( ۸‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )‪ (L1,L2‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻳـﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ (۸‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ‪ ۵,۹۵‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ -۰,۱۵‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ A9‬ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫=‪Mean di = 2.56 L1‬‬ ‫‪5.95‬‬
‫= ‪Std‬‬ ‫= ‪1.35 L2‬‬ ‫‪-0.15‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮ ﻣﺸﻖ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ )‪ :(Ci‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳـﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ ﻣـﻲﺁﻭﺭﻳـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫـﺮ ﭼﻘـﺪﺭ ‪Ci‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ‪ i‬ﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻌﻜﺲ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺗﺒـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺭﻳـﺰﻱﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪p‬‬ ‫= ‪Ci Mean‬‬ ‫‪9.9148‬‬

‫= ‪Ci‬‬ ‫∑‬‫‪j =1‬‬
‫) ‪( Zij − Z max j‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪(۹‬‬ ‫= ‪Ci Std‬‬ ‫‪1.42782‬‬
‫= *‪C‬‬ ‫‪12.77‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ )‪(Fi‬‬
‫‪Ci‬‬ ‫‪ Fi‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪(۱۰‬‬
‫= ‪Fi‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫*‪C‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ *‪ C‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪C*=C+2‬‬ ‫)‪δ c(٥‬‬
‫‪ C‬ﻭ ‪ δ C‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Ci‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ‪ Fi‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻳﻚ )‪ (0<Fi<1‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻘﺪﺭ ‪ Fi‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜـﻲ ‪ Fi‬ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻳـﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ Fi‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻴـﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪ :(8‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ‬
 ‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪ :(9‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﯾﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ :(9‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﺪ ﺩو ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭوﺵ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪ :(10‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﺪ ﺩو ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭوﺵ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ :(11‬ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺭوﺷﻬﺎی ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ و ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﻋﺪﺩی ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﺩو ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -۳-۳‬ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻨﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎ ﭘـﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳـﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ‪ ۹۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪۳]:‬ﻭ‪۵‬ﻭ‪[۶‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ۱۲‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤـﻲ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ )‪ (ISIC‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐـﺎﺭﮐﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ۱۳۸۲‬ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧـﺮ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ۱۳۸۴‬ﻣﻨﺘـﺸﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪: (12‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
 ‫‪ -۱-۴‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻲﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪) ،‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ (۱۳‬ﻣﺤﺘـﻮﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Pij‬ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳـﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫)‪(6‬‬ ‫)ﺟﺪوﻝ ‪(14‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ EJ‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪ Pij‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﮏ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ‪ dj‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ j‬ﺍﻡ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻥ ‪ wj‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ‪ ۱۲‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻟﻔﻲ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ ‪ ∆ i‬ﺑﻨـﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ j‬ﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ WJ‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫)‪(7‬‬ ‫)ﺟﺪوﻝ ‪(15‬‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪ :(13‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (14‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺑﯽﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﺭوﺵ ﺁﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (15‬ﺍوﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭوﺵ ﺁﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

 ‫‪ -۲-۴‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪:SAW‬‬
‫‪rij‬‬
‫= ‪ n ij‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ (۱۷‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪W‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻲﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻲﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫‪MAXrj‬‬
‫) ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ( ۱۵‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ) *‪ ( A‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫‪∑ W .r‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬ ‫‪ij‬‬

‫‪A * = { A i max‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬

‫}‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬
‫‪∑W‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬
‫‪j‬‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (16‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﯽﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺭوﺵ ‪ SAW‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ :(17‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ وﺯﻧﯽ ﺭوﺵ ‪ SAW‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (18‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭوﺵ ‪ SAW‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -۳-۴‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪۵]:TOPSIS‬ﻭ‪[۶‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ (۱۹‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ " ﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ" ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪r ij‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪ij‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪m‬‬

‫∑‬
‫‪i = 1‬‬
‫‪r ij 2‬‬ ‫)‪(9‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ " ﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ" ﻭﺯﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ w‬ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ (۱۸‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ‪-‬ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ) ‪)( A+‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ (۲۰‬ﻭ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ) ‪) ( A-‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ( ۲۰‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‬

‫} ‪ = A+ = {(max Vij j ∈ J ), (min Vij j ∈ J ′) i = 1,2,...m} = {V1+ ,V2+ ,...,V j+ ,...,Vn+‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ‬

‫} ‪ = A − = {(min Vij j ∈ J ), (max Vij j ∈ J ′) i = 1,2,...m} = {V1− , V2− ,..., V j− ,..., Vn−‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺪﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ i‬ﺍﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪n‬‬
‫{ = ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ = ‪di+‬‬ ‫‪∑ (V‬‬
‫‪j =1‬‬
‫‪ij‬‬ ‫‪− V j+ ) 2 }0.5 ,‬‬ ‫‪i = 1,2,...., m‬‬ ‫) ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪( ۲۱‬‬

‫‪n‬‬
‫{ = ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ‪-‬ﻣﻨﻔﻲ =‪di-‬‬ ‫‪∑ (V‬‬
‫‪j =1‬‬
‫‪ij‬‬ ‫‪− V j− ) 2 }0.5 ,‬‬ ‫‪i = 1,2,...., m‬‬ ‫) ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪( ۲۲‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮑﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ‪ Ai‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮑﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺗﺒـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪di −‬‬
‫= ‪cli +‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬ ‫‪i = 1,2,..., m‬‬ ‫‪0 ≤ cli + ≤ 1,‬‬ ‫) ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪( ۲۳‬‬
‫) ‪(d i + + d i −‬‬
‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (19‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﯽﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺭوﺵ ‪ TOPSIS‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (20‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﯽﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ وﺯﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭوﺵ ‪ TOPSIS‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (21‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺭوﺵ ‪ TOPSIS‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (22‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺭوﺵ ‪ TOPSIS‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
 ‫ﺟﺪوﻝ)‪ : (23‬ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭوﺵ ‪ TOPSIS‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺪوﻝ )‪ : (24‬ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺭوﺷﻬﺎی ‪TOPSIS‬و ‪ SAW‬ﮐﺪﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -۴-۴‬ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ SAW‬ﻭ ‪: TOPSIS‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎ ﭘـﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳـﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ‪۹۶‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ )‪ (ISIC‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻣـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۱۳۸۲‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻧﻴـﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨـﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺷـﺒﮑﻪﺍﻱ)‪(ANP‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺯﻏﺎﻝ ﮐﮏ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﺗﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺒﺎﮐﻮ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻧـﺎ ﭘـﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻧﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ‪ ۹۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻩ )ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻣـﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ‪ SAW‬ﻭ ‪TOPSIS‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻟﻔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﻫﻲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺗﺒـﻪ ﺁﺧـﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺳـﻨﺠﻲ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺣـﻞ ﻣـﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ‪۹۶‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮐـﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻴﺼﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺷـﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﮐـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﺭﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻳﺺ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺒﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﮐﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۶‬ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺸﮑﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﺍﺭﺟﻤﻨﺪ ﺟﻨﺎﺏ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺩﮐﺘﺮ ﺁﺭﻳﺎﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﺏ ﺁﻗـﺎﻱ ﺩﮐﺘـﺮ ﻣـﺎﮐﻮﺋﻲ ﺗـﺸﮑﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۷‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫]‪ [۱‬ﮐﺎﭘﻼﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭﺗﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ‪۱۳۸۳ ،‬‬
‫]‪ [۲‬ﻳﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻩ ﺁﻧﺎﺷﻮ ﺳﺘﺮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪۱۳۸۴ ،‬‬
‫]‪ [۳‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،۱۳۸۲،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪۱۳۸۴،‬‬
‫]‪ [۴‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﺭﻣﺎﻥ )ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﮏ( ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺗﺪﺑﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ‪۱۳۸۳ ،‬‬
‫]‪ [۵‬ﺍﺻﻐﺮﭘﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪۱۳۸۱ ،‬‬
‫]‪ [۶‬ﺁﺫﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﺐ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ )ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩ ‪ ،(MADM‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ‪۱۳۸۱ ،‬‬
‫]‪ [۷‬ﻏﻀﻨﻔﺮﻱ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‪ ،۱۳۸۱ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۶۴-۶۳‬‬
‫]‪ [۸‬ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻱ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪۱۳۸۰ ،‬‬
‫]‪ [۹‬ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺁﺭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﺎﺋﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﮏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﭘﺰﻭﻫﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‪۱۳۷۹ ،‬‬
‫]‪ [۱۰‬ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﺁ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﭽﺮﻥ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺩﺑﻴﻠﻮ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻌﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‪۱۳۷۹ ،‬‬