The Japanese Period (1941-1945)

Philippine Literature

Historical Background
Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when Japan conquered Philippines Philippine literature in English came to a halt. Almost all newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW.

Historical Background
Brought an advantageous effect on Filipino Literature, which experienced renewed attention because writes in English turned to writing in Filipino. Juan Laya, who used to write in English turned to Filipino because of the strict prohibitions of the Japanese regarding any writing in English. The weekly LIWAYWAY was placed under strict surveillance until it was managed by a Japanese named Ishiwara.

Historical Background
In other words, Filipino literature was given a break during this period. Writers wrote:
plays Poems short stories etc.

Topics and themes were often about life in the provinces.

A. Filipino Poetry During This Period

Common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was:
Nationalism Country Love Life in the barrios Faith Religion Arts

Filipino Poetry During This Period

Types of poems emerged during this period:
2. TANAGA 3. KARANIWANG ANYO (Usual Form) 1. HAIKU Like those mentioned earlier inJapanese liked. this Like the of free verse that the the beginning of and a poem HAIKU, is short but it had measure book. rhyme. made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines. It was Each line had 17 syllables and the also allegorical in The first line had 5 syllables, is second, 7 syllables,

meaning. third, five. and the

The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and covers a wide scope in meaning.

Haiku
By Gonzalo K. Flores

ACTIVITY DEFINITION
If you are given a Saber chance to be one-edged Noun a heavy, an insect, what would slightly sword, usually you be? Why? used especially curved, by cavalry.

Dragonfly
Youre pulling a saber The flowers shivered When you approached

Invitation
Lonely grass By the quiet river Come, love. .

Tanaga ni Ildefonso Santos

(Liwayway, Oktubre 10, 1943)

ACTIVITY AUTHOR

was born on 23 January 1897, in Baritan, Malabon, Rizal. showed his talent in poetry through a love letter for a secret lover. Palay Read the Tanaga with heartfelt feelings. and it was later (Individual) cousin, Leonardo Diangson, read the letter, Hes a behaved palay published in the newspaper Ang Mith. Dr. Gagto) decide the Let the whole class blew Who bowed when he wind(except After publishing, the letter was read by Iigo Ed Regalado. But stood up again two best readers. began writing poetry in earnest and using Ilaw Silangan as his pen And bore gold. name. Let the two best readers battle again by reading the finished his studies as a first professor in Pilipino at the National Teachers College. this time, with facial expressions and Tanaga, Shell but Before WorldShall,II, he also a supervisor for the War hey! actions. beautiful pearl national language. Youre a HeIfgraduatedpressed be the ears you are in the University of the whos the best reader Let Dr. Gagto to the judge Philippines with a degree in the field of You sigh. architecture. the class. among

Haikus
By Rodolfo S. Rosales

SOME POEMS POETRY

Too much Unevaporeal Corporeal,catsup, spice, sauce hypocrisies: blood, bold, hiding hand of time. on the what is not there.

BEAUTY DEATH
A wind unseen, Never, forever! a sound unheard: a rusty hinge, broken guitar... bones and skulls. a fiery fever to become.

PROGRESS JUSTICE
You chill comrade dragonfly Flip a coin: crown or king. then neither crown nor king, Coin,please you put a tiger in Not guilty! your tongue

SOME POEMS LOVE

Pill much catsup, Tooin the evening spice, sauce Black coffee in the morning hypocrisies: And headachesis not there. hiding what at noon.

Haikus
By Rodolfo S. Rosales

DEFINITION

Corporeal Adjective of the nature of the physical body; bodily.

Fiery Adjective intensely hot Hinge Noun that on which something is based or depends; pivotal consideration or factor.

Haikus
By Rodolfo S. Rosales

ACTIVITY

Create your own Haiku about Grace Christian College

REMEMBER that a HAIKU is:

made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines.

The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables, and the third, five.

The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and covers a wide scope in meaning.

B. Filipino Drama During the Japanese Period

The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period

because movie houses showing American films were closed.

The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions of English plays to

Tagalog.
The translators were: Francisco Soc Rodrigo

Alberto Concio
Narciso Pimentel.

B. Filipino Drama During the Japanese Period

They also founded the organization of Filipino players

named Dramatic Philippines.

Few of the play writers are: 1. Jose Ma. Hernandez wrote PANDAY PIRA

2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo wrote SA PULA, SA PUTI

3. Clodualdo del Mundo wrote BULAGA 4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda wrote SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY

C. The Filipino Short Story During the Japanese Period

The field of the short story widened during the

Japanese Occupation.
Many wrote short stories. Among them were Brigido Batungbakal, Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigundo, Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez

Lim, Ligaya Perez, and Gloria Guzman.

C. The Filipino Short Story During the Japanese Period

The best writings in 1945 were selected by a group of judges composed of Francisco Icasiano, Jose Esperanza Cruz, Antonio Rosales, Clodualdo

del Mundo and Teodoro Santos.

C. The Filipino Short Story During the Japanese Period

The following got the first three prizes from the selection:
First Prize: Narciso Reyes with his LUPANG TINUBUAN Second Prize: Liwayway Arceos UHAW ANG TIGANG NA LUPA Third Prize: NVM Gonzales LUNSOD NAYON AT DAGATDAGATAN

D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)

Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period. The few who dared to write did so for their bread and butter or for propaganda. Writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature. Writers felt suppressed but slowly, the spirit of nationalism

started to seep into their consciousness.

D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)

While some continued to write, the majority waited for a better climate to published their works. Noteworthy writer of the period was Carlos P. Romulo who

won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers

I SAW THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES I SEE THE PHILIPPINES RISE

MOTHER AMERICA
MY BROTHER AMERICANS

D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)

F. B. Icasiano wrote essays in The Philippine Review Carlos Bulosans works included: THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER (1944)

THE VOICE OF BATAAN

SIX FILIPINO POETS Alfredo Litiatco published With Harp and Sling Jose P. Laurel published Forces that Make a Nation Great

D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)

The commonwealth Literary Awards gave prizes to meritorious writers:

1. LIKE THE MOLAVE

(Poetry)

by Rafael Zulueta da Costa

2. HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A WIFE

by Manuel E. Arguilla (Short Story)

3. LITERATURE AND SOCIETY by Salvador P. Lopez

(Essay)

4. HIS NATIVE SOIL by Juan Laya (Novel)

D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)

President Manuel l. Quezons autobiography THE GOOD

FIGHT was published posthumously.

Radio broadcasts echoed the mingled fear and doubts in

the hearts of the people.

Other writers of this period were Juan Collas (1944), Tomas Confessor (1945), Roman A. De la Cruz and Elisa Tabunar.

The March of Death

By Bienvenido N. Santos

The March of Death

By Bienvenido N. Santos was a Filipino American fictionist, poet and nonfiction writer. born and raised in Tondo, Manila. family roots are originally from Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines. lived in the United States for many years where he is widely credited as a pioneering Asian-American writer.

AUTHOR

Bienvenido N. Santos (19111996)

The March of Death

By Bienvenido N. Santos

DEFINITION

Flog
Verb to beat with a whip, stick etc., especially as punishment; whip; scourge. Hedge noun a row of bushes or small trees planted close together, Especially when forming a fence or boundary; hedgerow: Peculiar adjective distinctive in nature or character from others. Mangle verb to spoil; ruin; mar badly

The March of Death

By Bienvenido N. Santos
Bienvenido

CHARACTER MAP

Troubled that his brother might be included in death march from Bataan to Capas.

Bienvenidos brother

Brother of Bienvenido who might be included

in the march of death.

Uncle Has a garden hedge in front of the his house that smells fragrantly.

Celia

Sat in the window and witness the suffering of

the Filipinos who were marching in front of her house to Capas.

The March of Death

By Bienvenido N. Santos

EVENT MAP

Of the infamous Death March from Bataan to Capas in March 1944 in the States while in anxiety over a brother.

The March of Death

By Bienvenido N. Santos

SUMMARY

Bienvenido was in the United States during the Japanese occupation. When he learnt of the high death rates of the Bataan march, he was troubled that his brother might be included in the statistic.

He poured out his sorrow in this story. Recalling the things he and his brother did in the roads when they were younger thats being used then by the marching Filipinos on their way to Capas. Reminiscing made him regret but at the same time, gave him hope, that his brother is alive and they would be able to walk again in the same road in one April morning.

The March of Death

By Bienvenido N. Santos

OPEN MIND

It is very distressing and heart-wrenching to anyone when a person you love is in some threat

of danger. If possible, you would save your love

one for any price even if the price is yourself as long as your love one will be saved.

The March of Death

By Bienvenido N. Santos

ACTIVITY TIME

Group yourself in two groups. Make a scenario wherein your loved one is

being threatened to be killed. How

and what will you do stop it? Act it out.

To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido

To My Native Land

By Tarrosa Subido Visionary Adjective given to or characterized by fanciful, not presently workable, or unpractical ideas, views, or schemes Scheme Noun a visionary or impractical project. Avowal Noun an open statement of affirmation; frank acknowledgment or admission. Sustenance Noun means of sustaini9ng life; nourishment. Bequeath Verb to hand down; pass on.

DEFINITION

To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido

SUMMARY

The author, Tarrosa, wrote this sonnet during the

Japanese Occupation. Impressed by the common sight of fellow Filipinos dying in their youth or prime, the country denied thereby of their various talents and services, the author made haste to write down her

feelings for her native land, death then seeming

imminent.

To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido

OPEN MIND

To know that my death is about to happen, I would

feel desolate, fearful, and probably, full of regret. Because I would be leaving behind my family.,

whom I love dearly. But if theres no tomorrow,

literally, I would spend my last day to fight against the Japanese occupation. I would have do anything I can, not to be submissive to them. I would fight them.

To My Native Land
By Tarrosa Subido

ACTIVITY

What would you do if you only have one

day to live? (individual)

My Fathers Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan

My Fathers Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan

AUTHOR

was born in the village of Mangusmana Barangay Sto. Nio located in Binalonan, Pangasinan, Philippines. went to the United States to find work to help his farmer parents. was an English-language Filipino novelist and poet who spent most of his life in the United States. His best-known work is the semi- Bienvenido N. Santos autobiographical America Is in the (November 24, 1913 Heart. September 11, 1956)

My Fathers Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan

DEFINITION

Furtive Adjective taken, done, used, etc., surreptitiously or by stealth; secret Impasse Noun a position or situation from which there is no escape; deadlock Granary Noun a region that produces great quantities of grain.

My Fathers Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan

SUMMARY

The town was suffering from poverty and hunger because of the plaque of some disaster that wreck their plantations / businesses. Bidas mother and sisters cant find odd jobs and there was a threat of famine across the town. It was during this time that

Bidas father stayed at home and just sat everyday with his
fighting cock, Burick. He would not do anything, but caress Burick, exercise it and sometime slept with Burick.

My Fathers Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan

SUMMARY

Bidas mother one day got angry with his father and tried to kill Burick., but Bidas father saw it and got to prevent it in time. Bidas mother had her revenge as one day, she cooked a wonderful pleasant meal with chicken and bitter melons. The family ate heartily most especially Bidas father, as they have eaten a chicken for quite sometime. After eating a lot of chicken,

and was about to get more, Bidas father asked where did the
mother got the good chicken. His mother replied, Where do you think I got it?

My Fathers Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan

CHARACTER MAP

Bida

The only son left at the house. Took care of

Burick when told by his father.

Bidas father

Made money by cock-fighting. Loves Burick more than anything else by taking tremendous care of it.

Bidas
mother Francisca

Very patient. Went door-to-door to do odd jobs to

have money / food for the family. Bidas sister. Usually takes care of Marcela.

My Fathers Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan Marcela Burcio Bidas youngest sister.

CHARACTER MAP

Strange man from a neighboring country. Owns a black fighting cock.

Burick

Bidas fathers fighting cock and the only healthy living thing in the familys household. Sometimes sleep with bidas father

Kanaway

Buricks father. It won the family a house three years ago. Its being served the choicest rice.

My Fathers Tragedy
By Carlos Bulosan

OPEN MIND

If I were Bida, I would find a job to help my family from

poverty. I would look for any legal job as long as I earn money to buy necessities for my family.. It would be unbearable for me to sit idle and watch my family struggle thats why I will strive hard to be good to help them.

My Fathers Tragedy

By Carlos Bulosan Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes The first person on your utmost left side will start to count 1, 1. It has a lot of soy then the one on her right will count herself number 2. Then sauce. next person on her right will start again with 1 then 2 until each 2. You could laurel student has a number. leaves for flavor. Guess the name of each chicken dish. 3. _ _o_ _ 2 levels: Level 1 Level 2 - Common in Metro Manila - Internationally- known chicken dishes.

ACTIVITY

Afritada Fried Chicken Chicken Adobo Tinolang Manok Lechon Manok

My Fathers Tragedy

By Carlos Bulosan Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes

ACTIVITY

1.Origin: Chinese/Singapore 1. Origin: Persia 1.1. Origin: India Origin: Spain Hainanese 1.Chinese Name: Origin: Japan Chicken 2.Chicken Terriyaki 2. Spanish name: podi 2. Persian name: 2. Uses kari paella Yellow Japanese: Chicken 3. mixta Chicken Persian 2. NamePaella in Kabob Jujeh

3. Curry Kebab Chicken 3. 3. 3.

The End.
Thank you for listening!