EE523

Session 28; 1/13

EE 523: Line Constants Example

Example 4.1 in Anderson modified to have two parallel line, 150 feet apart (center to center)
A. Resistance Matrix
AC Resistance from table:
Rac := 0.278

ohm
mi

at 25 C and

freq := 60Hz

7 ohm

CarsonsResistConst := 9.869 10

m Hz
Rd = 0.0953

Rd := CarsonsResistConst freq

Rself Rd Rd Rd Rd

Rd Rself Rd Rd Rd
Rd Rd Rself Rd Rd
Rperlength :=
Rd Rd Rd Rself Rd
Rd Rd Rd Rd Rself

0.3733

0.0953
0.0953
Rperlength =
0.0953
0.0953

0.0953

mi

Rself = 0.3733

Rself := Rac + Rd

Rd

ohm

Rd

Rd

Rd

Rd

ohm
mi

Rd

Rd
Rd

Rd
Rd

Rself

0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953

0.3733 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953

0.0953 0.3733 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 ohm

0.0953 0.0953 0.3733 0.0953 0.0953 mi

0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.3733 0.0953

0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.3733

EE523

Session 28; 2/13

B. Inductance Matrix

o := 4 10

7 H

:= 100ohm m

Calculate GMR from conductor diameter

GMR := e

dia := 0.528in

1
4 dia

GMR = 0.01713 ft

Conductor GMR from table:

Ds := 0.01668ft
ft Hz

De := 2160

Note that this doesn't match calculation based on diameter, this

is due to effects of stranding.
0.5

( ohm m)

De := De

Indcons :=

0.5

De = 2.78855 10 ft

freq
o
2

Da1b1 := 10ft

Da1c1 := 20ft

Db1c1 := 10ft

Da1a2 := 150ft

Da2b2 := 10ft

Da2c2 := 20ft

Db2c2 := 10ft

Da1b2 := 160ft

Dc1a2 := 130ft

Dc1b2 := 140ft

Db1c2 := 160ft

Db1b2 := 150ft
Da1c2 := 170ft

Dc1c2 := 150ft

Db1a2 := 140ft

EE523

Session 28; 3/13

ln De

Ds
De
ln Da1b1

De
ln

Da1c1
Lperlength := Indcons
ln De
Da1a2

De
ln

Da1b2
De
ln Da1c2

3.87106

1.81234
1.58924
Lperlength =
0.94071
0.91993

0.90042

De

Da1b1
De
ln
Ds
De
ln

Db1c1
De
ln

Db1a2
De
ln

Db1b2
De
ln

Db1c2
ln

De

Da1c1
De
ln

Db1c1
De
ln
Ds
De
ln

Dc1a2
De
ln

Dc1b2
De
ln

Dc1c2
ln

De

Da1a2
De
ln

Db1a2
De
ln

Dc1a2
De
ln
Ds
De
ln

Da2b2
De
ln

Da2c2
ln

De

Da1b2
De
ln

Db1b2
De
ln

Dc1b2
De
ln

Da2b2
De
ln
Ds
De
ln

Db2c2
ln

De

Da1c2
De
ln

Db1c2
De
ln

Dc1c2

De

ln

Da2c2

De
ln

Db2c2
De
ln
Ds
ln

1.81234 1.58924 0.94071 0.91993 0.90042

3.87106 1.81234 0.96291 0.94071 0.91993

1.81234 3.87106 0.98677 0.96291 0.94071 mH

0.96291 0.98677 3.87106 1.81234 1.58924 mi

0.94071 0.96291 1.81234 3.87106 1.81234

0.91993 0.94071 1.58924 1.81234 3.87106

Zperlength := Rperlength + j 2 freq Lperlength

0.373 + 1.459i

0.095 + 0.683i
0.095 + 0.599i
Zperlength =
0.095 + 0.355i
0.095 + 0.347i

0.095 + 0.339i

0.095 + 0.683i 0.095 + 0.599i 0.095 + 0.355i 0.095 + 0.347i 0.095 + 0.339i

0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.095 + 0.363i 0.095 + 0.355i 0.095 + 0.347i

0.095 + 0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.372i 0.095 + 0.363i 0.095 + 0.355i ohm

0.095 + 0.363i 0.095 + 0.372i 0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.095 + 0.599i mi
0.095 + 0.355i 0.095 + 0.363i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i

0.095 + 0.347i 0.095 + 0.355i 0.095 + 0.599i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i

EE523

Session 28; 4/13

If length = 40 miles:
Zline := Zperlength 40mi

14.932 + 58.374i

3.812 + 27.33i
3.812 + 23.965i
Zline =
3.812 + 14.186i
3.812 + 13.872i

3.812 + 13.578i
j

a := 1 e

A1

3.812 + 23.965i

3.812 + 14.186i

3.812 + 13.872i

3.812 + 13.578i

14.932 + 58.374i

3.812 + 27.33i

3.812 + 14.52i

3.812 + 14.186i

3.812 + 27.33i

14.932 + 58.374i

3.812 + 14.88i

3.812 + 14.52i

3.812 + 13.872i
3.812 + 14.186i

3.812 + 14.52i

3.812 + 14.88i

14.932 + 58.374i

3.812 + 27.33i

3.812 + 14.186i

3.812 + 14.52i

3.812 + 27.33i

3.812 + 13.872i

3.812 + 14.186i

3.812 + 23.965i

2
3

1 1 1
2

A1 := 1 a a

2
1 a a

3.812 + 27.33i

1
1
1

A1 = 1 0.5 0.86603i 0.5 + 0.86603i

1 0.5 + 0.86603i 0.5 0.86603i

0.33333
0.33333
0.33333

= 0.33333 0.16667 + 0.28868i 0.16667 0.28868i

0.33333 0.16667 0.28868i 0.16667 + 0.28868i

3.812 + 23.965i
14.932 + 58.374i 3.812 + 27.33i
3.812 + 27.33i

14.932 + 58.374i

EE523

Session 28; 5/13

Yline := Zline

6.789 21.617i

3.1 + 6.511i
1.686 + 4.632i
Yline =
0.196 + 1.421i
0.097 + 1.224i

0.123 + 1.279i

S
1000

mS :=

3.1 + 6.511i

1.686 + 4.632i 0.196 + 1.421i 0.097 + 1.224i 0.123 + 1.279i

7.659 22.585i 3.073 + 6.448i 0.174 + 1.379i 0.076 + 1.178i 0.097 + 1.224i
3.073 + 6.448i 6.854 21.754i 0.311 + 1.62i 0.174 + 1.379i 0.196 + 1.421i

mS

0.174 + 1.379i 0.311 + 1.62i 6.854 21.754i 3.073 + 6.448i 1.686 + 4.632i
0.076 + 1.178i 0.174 + 1.379i 3.073 + 6.448i 7.659 22.585i
0.097 + 1.224i 0.196 + 1.421i 1.686 + 4.632i

3.1 + 6.511i

Za := submatrix ( Zline , 0 , 2 , 0 , 2)

Zb := submatrix ( Zline , 0 , 2 , 3 , 5)

Zc := submatrix ( Zline , 3 , 5 , 0 , 2)

Zd := submatrix ( Zline , 3 , 5 , 3 , 5)

Za012 := A1
Zc012 := A1

1
1

Za A1
Zc A1

Zb012 := A1
Zd012 := A1

Zb A1

Zd A1

Build the matrix by stacking and augmenting submatrices

Z012left := stack ( Za012 , Zc012)
Z012right := stack ( Zb012 , Zd012)
Z012 := augment ( Z012left , Z012right)

3.1 + 6.511i

6.789 21.617i

EE523

Session 28; 6/13

Note the off-diagonal subblocks and their coupling.

0.971 0.561i
0.971 0.561i
22.555 + 110.79i
0.971 0.561i
1.942 + 1.121i
11.12 + 32.166i

0.971 0.561i
11.12 + 32.166i
1.942 + 1.121i
Z012 =
0.291 0.482i
0.291 0.482i
11.435 + 42.6i

3
0.019 0.011i
0.272 + 0.493i 1.683 10 0.022i
3
0.272 + 0.493i
0.019 0.011i
1.683 10 0.022i

11.435 + 42.6i
0.291 0.482i
0.291 0.482i
22.555 + 110.79i
0.971 0.561i
0.971 0.561i

Repeat for the admittance matrix:

Ya := submatrix ( Yline , 0 , 2 , 0 , 2)

Yb := submatrix ( Yline , 0 , 2 , 3 , 5)

Yc := submatrix ( Yline , 3 , 5 , 0 , 2)

Yd := submatrix ( Yline , 3 , 5 , 3 , 5)

Ya012 := A1
Yc012 := A1

1
1

Ya A1
Yc A1

Yb012 := A1
Yd012 := A1

Yb A1

Yd A1

Build the matrix by stacking and augmenting submatrices

Y012left := stack ( Ya012 , Yc012)
Y012right := stack ( Yb012 , Yd012)
Y012 := augment ( Y012left , Y012right)

1.683 10 0.022i
0.019 0.011i

3
0.019 0.011i
1.683 10 0.022i

0.971 0.561i
0.971 0.561i

1.942 + 1.121i
11.12 + 32.166i

1.942 + 1.121i
11.12 + 32.166i
0.272 + 0.493i

0.272 + 0.493i

EE523

Session 28; 7/13

0.232 0.284i
0.373 + 0.067i
1.861 10.259i
0.232 0.284i
1.933 0.28i
9.72 27.849i

0.373 + 0.067i
9.72 27.849i
0.716 + 1.817i
Y012 =
0.151 0.155i
0.217 + 0.038i
0.481 + 4.042i

3
3
0.059 + 0.209i 2.242 10 0.02i 0.023 + 3.521i 10
0.141 + 0.169i 8.25 10 3 0.021i 0.015 1.15i 10 3

0.481 + 4.042i
0.217 + 0.038i
0.151 0.155i
1.861 10.259i
0.128 0.357i
0.362 0.059i

0.023 + 3.521i 10
0.015 1.15i 10

3
3
8.25 10 0.021i 2.242 10 0.02i
mS
0.128 0.357i
0.362 0.059i

1.931 0.289i
9.72 27.849i

0.724 + 1.814i
9.72 27.849i

0.141 + 0.169i

0.059 + 0.209i

Compare Z012 and Y012 inverse

14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15

1.8 10
1.3 10
5.6i 10
+ 7.1i 10
1.8 10
+ 2.4i 10
9.7 10
1.4i 10

15
15
3.9 10 15 3.6i 10 15
3.3i 10
1.7 10
0
0

15
15
3.4 10 15 + 7.5i 10 15 1.1 10 15 1.8i 10 15
5.3 10
2.7i 10
0
1
Y012 Z012 =
15
15
14
1.8 10 15 + 7.1i 10 15 2.3 10 15 + 1.3i 10 15
3.6 10
1.2 10
2.3 10

15
15
3.5i 10
6.1i 10
0
0
0

15
15
15
15
15
5.1i 10
1.2i 10
2.8 10
2.2i 10
0
0
2.1 10

1.9 10

15

+ 1.2i
0
0

9.9 10
3.3 10
1.8 10

15
15
15

3.9i

4.7i

+ 7.1i

EE523

Session 28; 8/13

Now try transposing the line

0 0 1
Rp := 1 0 0
0 1 0

First, use the exact same scheme on both lines, so the Zb and Zc are kept simpler.
f1 :=

1
3

f2 :=

Zanet := f1 Za + f2 Rp

1
3
1

Zdnet := f1 Zd + f2 Rp

f3 :=

1
3

Za Rp + f3 Rp Za Rp

Zd Rp + f3 Rp Zd Rp

Zbnet := f1 Zb + f2 Rp
Zcnet := f1 Zc + f2 Rp

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i

Zanet = 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i
3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

3.81183 + 14.18553i 3.81183 + 14.20822i 3.81183 + 14.20627i

Zbnet = 3.81183 + 14.20627i 3.81183 + 14.18553i 3.81183 + 14.20822i
3.81183 + 14.20822i 3.81183 + 14.20627i 3.81183 + 14.18553i

3.81183 + 14.18553i 3.81183 + 14.20627i 3.81183 + 14.20822i

Zcnet = 3.81183 + 14.20822i 3.81183 + 14.18553i 3.81183 + 14.20627i
3.81183 + 14.20627i 3.81183 + 14.20822i 3.81183 + 14.18553i

Za0121 := A1
Zc0121 := A1

1
1

Zanet A1
Zcnet A1

Zb0121 := A1
Zd0121 := A1

Zbnet A1

Zdnet A1

Zb Rp + f3 Rp Zb Rp

Zc Rp + f3 Rp Zc Rp

EE523

Session 28; 9/13

Build the matrix by stacking and augmenting submatrices

Z012left1 := stack ( Za0121 , Zc0121)
Z012right1 := stack ( Zb0121 , Zd0121)
Z0121 := augment ( Z012left1 , Z012right1)
14
15
14
15
15

1.36 10
7.681i 10
6.142i 10
7.365 10
2.248i
1.36 10
11.435 + 42.6i
22.555 + 110.79i

15
15
3
1.776 10 15 + 1.332i 10 15
2.044 10
11.12 + 32.166i
1.326i 10
1.683 10 0.02

15
15
3.109 10 15 1.332i 10 15
1.925 10
11.12 + 32.166i
1.106 10
0
Z0121 =
15
15
15
15
14

2.248i 10
7.365 10
2.248i 10
1.36 10
7.681i
7.365 10
11.435 + 42.6i
22.555 + 110.79i

15
3
15
15
1.683 10 0.022i
1.776 10
+ 1.332i 10
1.325i 10
0
11.12 + 32.166i

15
3
15
15
15

1.106 10

1.683 10

0.022i

3.109 10

Notice what this has done to the cross-coupling terms. The positive and negative sequence coupling between the two
lines is very small relative to the zero sequence cross-coupling.

1.332i 10

1.925 10

EE523

Session 28; 10/13

Consider transposing only one line

Zb2 := f1 Zb + f2 Zb Rp + f3 Zb Rp

Za2 := Za
Zd2 := f1 Zd + f2 Rp

Zd Rp + f3 Rp Zd Rp

Zc2 := f1 Zc + f2 Rp

Zc + f3 Rp Zc

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 27.3295i 3.81183 + 23.9652i

Za2 = 3.81183 + 27.3295i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 27.3295i
3.81183 + 23.9652i 3.81183 + 27.3295i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 13.87861i

Zb2 = 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.19273i
3.81183 + 14.52867i 3.81183 + 14.52867i 3.81183 + 14.52867i

3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.52867i

Zc2 = 3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.52867i
3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.52867i

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i

Zd2 = 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i
3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

Za0122 := A1
Zc0122 := A1

1
1

Za2 A1
Zc2 A1

Zb0122 := A1
Zd0122 := A1

Zb2 A1

Zd2 A1

Build the matrix by stacking and augmenting submatrices

Z012left2 := stack ( Za0122 , Zc0122)

Z012right2 := stack ( Zb0122 , Zd0122)

Z0122 := augment ( Z012left2 , Z012right2)

EE523

22.555 + 110.79i
0.971 0.561i

0.971 0.561i
Z0122 =
11.435 + 42.6i

Session 28; 11/13

8.903 10

15

15

3.137i 10

5.826 10

15

15

3.137i 10

0.971 0.561i 0.971 0.561i

11.435 + 42.6i

11.12 + 32.166i 1.942 + 1.121i

0.291 0.482i

1.942 + 1.121i 11.12 + 32.166i

0.291 0.482i

0.291 0.482i 0.291 0.482i

22.555 + 110.79i

1.776 10

3.109 10

15

15

1.36 10
15

+ 1.332i 10

15

1.332i 10

14

15

7.681i 10

11.12 + 32.166i
1.925 10

15

1.36 10

14

15

6.142i 10

2.044 10

15

11.12 + 32.166i

EE523

10

15

Session 28; 12/13

15

+ 1.2i 10

15
15

3.9i 10
10

15
15
4.7i 10
10

15
15
10

+ 7.1i 10

EE523

10

15

Session 28; 13/13

7.365 10

15

15

2.248i 10
0

22i

1.683 10
10

15

1.36 10

14

0.022i
15

6.142i 10

2.044 10

15

11.12 + 32.166i