CNG NGH SN XUT NG BNH KO

GV: HUNH KIM PHNG MAIL: huynhkimphung2703@gmail.com

CHNG TRNH MN HC CNSX NG BNH KO TNG S TIT: 30 CHNG TRNH MN HC

Phn A: Cng ngh sn xut ng

Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v ng ma Chng 2: Nguyn liu sn xut ng Chng 3: Gii thiu v ng saccharose Chng 4: X l s b ma Chng 5: Ly nc ma Chng 6: Lm sch nc ma Chng 7: C c nc ma Chng 8: Kt tinh ng

Phn B: Cng ngh sn xut bnh ko

Chng 9: Nguyn liu ph gia s dng trong CNSX bnh ko Chng 10: Cng ngh sn xut bnh Chng 11: Cng ngh sn xut ko

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. CNG NGH NG MA 2. LM SCH NC MA BNG PHNG PHP SULFITTE HA 3. NU MT 4. LUYN NG NON V TR TINH 5. TCH MT, LM KH, NG GI V VN CHUYN NG BI L THIN, NGUYN MNG
HNG, PHM LNG TU, - NXB NNG NGHIP HN 1996

PHN A CNG NGH SN XUT NG

Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v ng ma Chng 2: Nguyn liu sn xut ng Chng 3: Tnh cht ca ng saccharose

Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v ng ma

1. LCH S PHT TRIN 2. VAI TR CA NG MA TRONG I SNG 3. MT S THUT NG

Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v ng ma

1.1. Lch s pht trin

n l nc u tin trn th gii bit sn xut ng t ma khong nm 398 Cng nghip ng tuy c t lu i, nhng 200 nm gn y mi c c kh ha Trong nhng nm gn y ngnh ng pht trin mt cch nhanh chng

Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v ng ma

1.1. Lch s pht trin

Vit Nam l mt quc gia c truyn thng sn xut ng ma t lu i Cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh ng trn th gii nc ta s c mt nn cng nghip ng tin tin nhm p ng nhu cu v lng ng s dng cho nhn dn v gp phn xy dng cho s pht trin kinh t nc ta

Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v ng ma

1.2. Vai tr ca ng ma trong i sng

L nguyn liu cho cc ngnh ch bin thc phm v cc ngnh khc L cht iu v cho ba n hng ngy L cht cung cp nng lng cho c th

1.3. MT S THUT NG THNG DNG 1. Cht kh: cht rn ha tan khng bay hi c trong dung dch ng 2. Brix (0Bx): khi lng gn ng cht rn ha tan khng bay hi c trong 100 phn khi lng dung dch ng

1.3. MT S THUT NG THNG DNG

3. pol: khi lng ng saccharose gn ng c trong 100 phn dung dch dch ng 4. AP: tinh khit n gin ca dung dch ng

AP

Pol Bx

100

5. CCS (Commercial cane sugar ch ng): % khi lng nguyn liu ma c th chuyn thnh ng tinh khit bng cng ngh hin i

MT S THUT NG THNG DNG

6. H my p 7. Nc ma hn hp 8. Nc thm thu 9. Ch trong 10. Syrup 11. ng non 12. Mt cui (mt r) 13. B ma 14. B bn (bn lc)

Chng 2 Nguyn liu sn xut ng

2.1. Gii thiu s lc, phn lai 2.2. Hnh thi cy ma, iu kin trng 2.3. Thu hach v bo qun ma 2.4. Thnh phn ha hc ca ma

2.1. Gii thiu s lc, phn loi

Ging ma: - Nng sut cao - Sinh trng nhanh - Hm lng ng cao - Kh nng ti sinh mnh - Khng su bnh - Thch hp iu kin sinh thi vng trng - Thch hp iu kin ch bin cng nghip - Khng hoc t ra hoa

2.2. Hnh thi, iu kin trng

iu kin th nhng, kh hu: - L cy nhit i v nhit i, nhit thch hp 30-40 oC, cng nh sng mnh - Khng thch hp vng ng ngp, thot nc km, khng thch hp vng kh hn - Khng kn t: thch hp c t thp chua phn hay t cao i g, thch hp: t xp, gi m v thot nc tt.

2.2. Hnh thi, iu kin trng

Trng ma: - Trng bng hom: + Hom ngn + Hom thn - Trng bng phng php cy m

Tiu chun cht lng ma nguyn liu

- chn: biu th bng Brix, Pol, CCS, AP.. - Kch thc, khi lng cy - sch: sch r, l, b, ngn, su bnh v cc tp cht khc - Hm lng x

HNH THI CY MA
R MA THN MA DNG MA T MA - AI SINH TRNG - AI R - L MM - SO L V AI PHN L MA

THNH PHN HA HC CA MA
Thnh phn
ng -Saccaroza -Glucoza -Fructoza X -Xenluloza -Pentosan -Araban -Linhin Cht c cha nit -Protein -Amit -Axit amin -Axit nitric -NH3 -Xantin

T l (%)
12.00 0.90 0.50 5.50 2.00 0.50 2.00 0.12 0.07 0.21 0.01 vt vt

THNH PHN HA HC CA MA
Thnh phn Cht bo v sp -Pectin -Axit t do -Axit kt hp Cht v c -SiO2 -K2O -Na2O -CaO -MgO -Fe2O3 -P2O5 -SO2 -Cl -H2O T l (%) 0.20 0.08 0.12 0.25 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.01 vt 0.07 0.02 vt 74.5

THNH PHN HA HC CA MA
MA
NC X CHT KHNG NG CK HU C NG SACC

CK V C SiO2, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO

NG KH CK CHA N

ACIDE HU C CHT BO (SP) CHT MU

Chng 3: GiI THIU SN PHM NG

3.1. Phn loi ng 3.2. Tnh cht ca ng saccharose - Tnh cht l hc v ha l - Tnh cht ha hc

CHNG 3: GiI THIU SN PHM NG 3.1. PHN LAI NG

PHN LAI THEO TCVN NG TH NG CT TRNG NG TINH LUYN

CHNG 3: GiI THIU SN PHM NG

3.2. Tnh cht l hc v ha l

Thnh phn ch yu l saccharose, l disaccharide cu to t 2 ng n l -dglucose v -d-fructose, lin kt vi nhau bi lin kt 1-4-glucozit, cng thc cu to C12H22O11 - T trng d=1.5879g/cm3 - t0nc=186-1880C - un nng b phn hy to caramel

CHNG 3: GiI THIU SN PHM NG

3.2. Tnh cht l hc v ha l

ha tan: - D ha tan trong nc, ha tan tng theo nhit tng - nht: tng theo nng tng, gim theo nhit tng ngt

CHNG 3: GiI THIU SN PHM NG

3.2. Tnh cht ha hc

Tc dng ca acide: b thy phn to thnh hn hp ng kh gm glucose v fructose Saccharose H+ Glucose + Fructose Tc dng ca kim: b phn hy Saccharose Glucose, Fructose, Maltose SP trung gian cha nhm andol (SP ngng t) Cht mu v cc acide hu c

CHNG 3: GiI THIU SN PHM NG

3.2. Tnh cht ha hc

Mi trng kim, c mt Ca2+: to thnh cc mui canxi saccarat C12H22O11 + Ca(OH)2 C12H22O11.CaO + H2O Tc dng ca enzyme invertase: phn ng tng t H+ Phn ng to phc: c nhm OH c kh nng lin kt vi cc mui NaCl.2H2O, KCl.H2O, NaBr.H2O lm tng kh nng to mt

QUY TRNH CNG NGH TNG QUT

MA X L S B

LY NC MA
LM SCH C C KT TINH NG LY TM SY LM NGUI, NG BAO NG THNH PHM

B
BN LC

MT R

CHNG 4: X L S B V LY NC MA
4.1 4.2

X L S B
LY NC MA

S CNG NGH CNG AN X L S B MA CU CN

SAN BNG
BM CHT NH TI LY NC MA

4.1. X L S B

4.1. X L S B Mc ch ca qu trnh x l s b
Lp ma vo my p n nh, khng b trt, nghn trc Nng cao mt ma trn bng chuyn: tng nng sut p T bo ma b ph v: tng kh nng trch nc ma Ma phn b u khp din tch trc p: lp ma dy ln, lc nn p tng tng hiu sut p

4.1. X L S B Cc thit b chnh

4.3.2. Gii thiu cc thit b x l s b - Cn cu - Bn co - Cn ma - Cc bng chuyn (bc tip liu, bng x ma) - My san bng (kha bng) - My bm (my cht) - My nh ti (ba p)

4.2: LY NC MA
4.2.1. Mc ch 4.2.2. Ly nc ma bng phng php p 4.2.3. Ly nc ma bng phng php p kt hp khuch tn

4.2: LY NC MA
4.2.1. Mc ch Mc ch: trch kit lng nc ma c trong cy ma Cc phng php ly nc ma - Phng php p - Phng php p kt hp khuch tn - Phng php khuch tn

4.2: LY NC MA
4.2.2. Ly nc ma bng phng php p
Nguyn l: S dng h thng p gm nhiu my p t ni tip nhau nhm ly ht ng trong cy ma. tng tc dng ly ng trong ma, trong qu trnh p cn s dng nc nng hay nc ma lang phun vo b. y chnh l s thm thu S cng ngh h thng p: Nc thm thu NMHH Ma X l s b H thng p B

4.2: LY NC MA
4.2.2. Ly nc ma bng phng php p
Cu to my p Gi my Trc p Rng trc p Rnh thot nc ma Vnh chn nc ma B phn nn trc nh Lc y

4.2: LY NC MA 4.2.2. Ly nc ma bng phng php p

Qu trnh thm thu

L qu trnh phun nc hoc nc ma lang vo b trch thm lng ng cn li trong b Cc phng php thm thu - Thm thu n - Thm thu kp

4.2: LY NC MA 4.2.2. Ly nc ma bng phng php p

Qu trnh thm thu -CC IU KIN K THUT CA THM THU 1. Lng nc thm thu:250% so vi x
hoc 20-30% so vi khi lng ma p

2. p lc phun nc thm thu: 2-3kg/cm2 3. Nhit nc thm thu:40-75-800C 4. Thi im thm thu: ngay sau khi b ma
ra khi my p

CC THNG S CN QUAN TM TRONG QU TRNH P

Nng sut ca h my p Hiu sut p
A HSE B 100

Trong : A: KL sacc trong NMHH A=KL NMHH*Pol NMHH B: KL sacc trong ma cy vo p B=KL ma p*Pol ma

Cc yu t nh hng n nng sut v hiu sut p

X l ma m ming p Phn x trong ma S ln p Thm thu p lc trc nh Chiu di, ng knh rng trc V tr lc y, rnh thot nc ma

4.2: LY NC MA 4.2.3. LY NC MA BNG PHNG PHP P KT HP KHUCH TN

Nguyn l: - Qu trnh c hc - Qu trnh khuch tn Cc phng php khuch tn: - Khuch tn ma - Khuch tn b

KHUYCH TN MA
MA X L(bm cht, nh ti) NC KHUYCH TN NMHH

P
LNG LC

KHUYCH TN B
MA X L(bm cht, nh ti)
NMHH (65-70% NG TRONG MA)

P1

NKT (30-35% NG TRONG MA)

KHUYCH TN
P2 B

NC

NMHH

LNG
LC

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA PHN A: C S L THUYT

5.1. Mc ch ca qu trnh lm sch 5.2. Cc tc nhn dng lm sch 5.3. Tc dng ca pH 5.4. Tc dng ca nhit 5.5. Tc dng ca cht in ly 5.6. Tc dng ca cht trao i ion

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.1. MC CH CA QU TRNH LM SCH

1. Lai tp cht c hc 2. Lai cht khng ng, lm tng tinh khit ca NMHH 3. Trung ha NMHH trnh mt ng

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.2. CC TC NHN DNG LM SCH

1. 2. 3. 4.

pH Nhit Cht in ly Cht trao i ion

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.3.TC DNG CA pH + Ngng

kt cht keo pH 7: pI pH 11 + Tch lai cc cht khng ng pH 3.8: tch lai cc cht hu c pH 5.5-7: tch lai prot. pH 7-7.7 (8.8): tch lai v c - Cc tc dng ph

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.4.TC DNG CA NHIT

+ Lai

khng kh c trong nc ma, gim bt s to bt + Tng tc phn ng ha hc v tc lng cc kt cn keo + Tiu dit VSV + Gim nht +Cc tc dng ph:

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.5. TC DNG CA CHT IN LY 5.5.1. Tc dng ca Vi

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + (OH)2Ca(OH)2 + C12 C22 C11 CaO.C12 C22 C11 + H2O + St trng nc ma + Trung ha nc ma + Kt ta, ng t, phn hy cc cht khng ng + To cht kt ta c kh nng hp ph: - Tc dng ph:

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.5. TC DNG CA CHT IN LY 5.5.2. Tc dng ca SO2

SO2 + H2O H2SO3 H2SO3 H+ + HSO3HSO3- + H2O HSO4- + 2H. Ca(OH)2 + H2SO3 CaSO3 + H2O CaSO3 + SO2 + H2O Ca(HSO3)2 + Trung ha vi + To cht kt ta c kh nng hp ph + Gim nht do hp ph keo + Ty mu dung dch - Tc dng ph:

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.5. TC DNG CA CHT IN LY 6.5.3. Tc dng ca CO2

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 Ca(OH)2 + H2SO3 CaCO3 + H2O C12 C22 C11.CaO + CO2 C12 C22 C11 + CaCO3 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O CaH(CO3)2 + Trung ha vi + To cht kt ta c kh nng hp ph + Tch saccharose - Tc dng ph

(1) (2) (3) (4)

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.5. TC DNG CA CHT IN LY 5.5.4. Tc dng ca P2 O5

P2 O5 + Ca(OH)2 Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O P2 O5 + H2O H3PO4 H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O + Trung ha vi (p/ 1) + To cht kt ta c kh nng hp ph

(1) (2) (3)

PHN B: CC PHNG PHP LM SCH NC MA

5.7. Phng php vi 5.8. Phng php sulfitte ha 5.9. Phng php carbonade ha 5.10. Phng php phosphatte ha

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.7.PHNG PHP VI
c im u nhc im ca phng php Cc phng php vi: - Phng php cho vi vo nc ma lnh - Phng php cho vi vo nc ma nng - Phng php cho vi phn an

PHNG PHP CHO VI VO NC MA LNH NMHH TRUNG HA

pH 7.2-7.5

SA VI
10-180B

GIA NHIT
102-1050C
NC BN

LC

LNG

BN

CH TRONG

PHNG PHP CHO VI VO NC MA NNG NMHH GIA NHIT

TRUNG HA
NC BN

SA VI

LC

LNG

BN

CH TRONG

CHNG 5: QU TRNH LM SCH NC MA

5.8.PHNG PHP SULFITTE HA

c im u nhc im ca phng php Cc phng php sulfitte ha: - Phng php sulfitte ha acide tnh - Phng php sulfitte ha kim tnh - Phng php sulfitte ha trung tnh

PHNG PHP SULFITTE HA ACIDE TNH

NMHH
pH 5.0-5.5

LNG
CH TRONG

NC BN

LC

CHO VI S B
pH 6.4-6.6

SA VI

GIA NHIT 3
110-1150C

BN

GIA NHIT 1
55-600C

BC HI
SYRUP NGUYN

THNG SO2 LN 1
pH 3.4-3.8

SO2 THNG SO2 LN 2

pH 6.4-6.6

SO2

TRUNG HA SA VI
pH 6.8-7.2

SYRUP SULFITTE

GIA NHIT 2
102-1050C

CHNG 6 BC HI NC MA
6.1. MC CH CA QU TRNH BC HI 6.2. MT S THUT NG THNG DNG 6.3. CC PHNG PHP BC HI 6.4. NHNG BIN I CA DUNG DCH NG TRONG QU TRNH BC HI 6.5. THIT B BC HI 6.6. CC YU T NH HNG N QU TRNH BC HI

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.1. MC CH CA QU TRNH BC HI
Lm bc hi nc tng nng ch trong: - Gim ti cho cng an nu ng - iu ha sn xut - Tit kim nng lng do s dng hi th

MT S THUT NG THNG DNG

1. CHN KHNG: 2. HI NC BO HA: 3. HI NC QU NHIT: 4. HI TH:

MT S THUT NG THNG DNG

6. LIN QUAN GIA NHIT V P SUT p t LIN QUAN GIA NHIT SI CA DUNG DCH V CHN KHNG CK t0s CK (mmHg) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 T0s (0C) 100 95 91 86.6 80 76.5 61.5 LIN QUAN GIA NHIT SI CA DUNG DCH V BRIX DUNG DCH Bxdd t0s

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.3. CC PHNG PHP BC HI

1. BC HI CHN KHNG 2. BC HI P LC 3. BC HI P LC-CHN KHNG

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.3. CC PHNG PHP BC HI

1. BC HI CHN KHNG - To iu kin s dng c hi t p lc thp - m bo iu kin cng ngh - Gim kh nng s dng hi th - Cn c thit b ngng t thc hin chn khng

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.3. CC PHNG PHP BC HI

2. BC HI P LC - Li dng hon ton ngun hi th - Ch cn thit b ngng t nh dng khi khi ng ni bc hi - Mu sc nc ma m - Kh khng ch n nh cc iu kin cng ngh trong qu trnh bc hi

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.3. CC PHNG PHP BC HI

3. BC HI P LC-CHN KHNG

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.3. CC PHNG PHP BC HI

Nguyn tc chn phng php bc hi: - Phi tha mn yu cu cng ngh - Li dng hp l ngun nhit - Vn u t thit b hp l - n nh v thao tc

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.4. CC BIN I CA DUNG DCH NG TRONG QU TRNH BC HI

Chuyn ha sacc Phn hy sacc Phn hy cht khng ng To cn ng trn b mt truyn nhit 5. To cht mu do nhit cao 1. 2. 3. 4.

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.5. Thit b bc hi

Thit b ng chm tun hon Thit b bc hi tun hon ngoi Thit b bc hi dng mng Thit b bc hi bung t treo

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.5. Thit b bc hi

Yu cu v thit b bc hi: - Vi mt nhit nht nh, kh nng truyn nhit ln nht, nhit tn tht nh nht - Cu to n gin, thao tc sa cha v thng ra d dng - Hi trong bung hi phn phi u - Nc ngng v kh khng ngng thot ra an ton - ng b li cun theo hi th t nht

CHNG 6: BC HI NC MA
6.6. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh bc hi

chn khng v p sut hi Thot kh khng ngng Thot nc ngng Chiu cao mc dung dch trong ni Ht hi th

CHNG 7: KT TINH NG
PHN A: KT TINH 7.1. Mc ch ca qu trnh kt tinh ng 7.2. L thuyt v qu trnh kt tinh ng 7.3. Cc giai an ca qu trnh nu ng 7.4. Cc bin i ha hc xy ra trong qu trnh nu 7.5. Ch nu ng 7.6. Qu trnh bi tinh PHN B: CC QU TRNH HON THIN 7.7. Ly tm 7.8. Sy

CHNG 7: KT TINH NG
7.1. MC CH CA QU TRNH KT TINH

Mc ch: chuyn ng sacc t trng thi lng sang rn trng thi rn (kt tinh dng tinh th) Sn phm cui: ng non

CHNG 7: KT TINH NG 7.2. L THUYT KT TINH NG

MT S NH NGHA

1. DUNG DCH BO HA: 2. DUNG DCH QU BO HA: 3. HA TAN CA DUNG DCH NG: l s phn cht tan ha tan trong 1 phn dung mi. c trng bi h s ha tan: l s gam ng tan trong 100gam nc ha tan ca ng sacc ph thuc nhit v cht khng ng

L THUYT KT TINH NG
MT S NH NGHA 4. H S QU BO HA : c trng cho mc qu bo ha ca dung dch, l t s gia lng ng ha tan trong 1 n v dung dch nghin cu H so vi lng ng ha tan trong 1 phn nc ca dung dch bo ha H1 cng nhit 5. MM TINH TH NG

CHNG 7: KT TINH NG 7.2. L THUYT KT TINH NG

PHNG PHP KT TINH

a dung dch ng n trng thi qu bo ha: Gia nhit dung dch ng n t0s:Tch nc tng nng ng n trng thi qu bo ha H nhit (lm lnh) dung dch ng gim ha tan ca sacc trong dung dch

CHNG 7: KT TINH NG 7.2. L THUYT KT TINH NG

NGUYN L CA QU TRNH KT TINH

S kt tinh ng trong qu trnh nu gm 2 giai an: Giai an 1: S xut hin mm tinh th Giai an 2: S ln ln ca mm tinh th vi mt tc nht nh thnh tinh th

CHNG 7: KT TINH NG
7.3. CC GIAI AN CA QU TRNH NU NG

1. C c u 55-650Bx 78-860Bx, 1.1-1.15

2. To mm tinh th
S dng mt trong cc phng php to mm tinh th ng vi s lng thch hp

3. Nui tinh th:khng ch =1.05-1.1 4. C c cui: A: 92-930Bx

B: 94-960Bx

CH NU NG 3 H (t ma) SYRUP
86

NON A
85.5

NON B
73

NON C
56

NG A 99.75 MT A2 78 MT A1
72

NG C
85

MT B
48

MT R
30

NG B
94

NG H
92

HI DUNG
85

CHNG 7: KT TINH NG
7.6. Qu

trnh bi tinh

Mc ch ca qu trnh bi tinh: tip tc kt tinh ng Nguyn l: h nhit ca ng non gim ha tan ca sacc xut hin trng thi qu bo ha ng kt tinh

PHN B: CC QU TRNH HON THIN 7.7. LY TM

Mc ch: tch tinh th ng ra khi mt Nguyn l: Qu trnh ra - Ra nc - Ra hi

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CHNG 7: LY TM, SY, BO QUN NG 7.8. SY NG

Mc ch: Gim m ng thnh phm ng sau khi ly tm c ra hi: t 800C, W 0.5-0.7%, khng ra hi: 1.7-2.5% W 0.05-0.06% Phng php:
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