B.S.P.M. INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AMBAJOGAI. Dist – Beed. (M.S.) INDIA. I'st DCP CLASSROOM NOTES – PHARMACOGNOSY # 1.
Laxatives
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s)
Aloe barbadensis, Mill.
A. Indica, Royle.
A. Littoralis, Koening
Aloe
A. Vera, Tourn. Ex Linn.
(Liliaceae; Agavaceae)
Rheum officinale, Baill.
Rheum Palmatum, Linn.
Rhubarb
(Polygonaceae)
Plantago ovata, Forsk.
Ispaghula
(Plantaginaceae)
Cassia senna, Linn.
Cassia angustifolia, Vahl.
Senna (Leguminosae)
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Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
purgative (causes
griping),
Curacao Aloe, gel—topically
glyburide, anthraquinone
Barbados Aloe, emollient, anti-
Juice glycosides – aloin,
Indian Aloe, inflammatory,
acemannan.
Jaffarabad Aloe, antimicrobial - used
Kummari for wound healing,
sunburn.
chrysophan, chrysophanic
purgative, astringent,
acid, emodin, aporetin,
Rhizome, aperient. used for
Rhubarb phæoretin, erythroretin,
root constipation and
rheumic acid, and
atonic dyspepsia
rheotannic acid
essential oils with alpha-
Blond Psyllium, pinene, dipentene, linalool,
Indian Plantago, cineol, methyl salicylate,
Ispagol, Seed, decyl aldehyde, eugenol, seed -astringent.
Pale Psyllium, husk anisaldehyde, bergapten, seed coat -demulcent.
Spogel indole, salicylic and
benzoic acids as major
constituents.
contains rhein, aloe-
purgative (free from
emodin, kaempferol,
Alexandrian Senna, astringent action of
isormamnetin, both free
Cassia acutifolia rhubarb type herbs,
and as glucosides,
Delite, but causes gripe),
Fruit (pod), together with mycricyl
Khartoum Senna used in compounds
leaves alcohol the purgative
Indian Senna, for treating
principles are largely
Tinnevelly Senna biliousness, distention
attributed to anthraquinone
of stomach, vomiting
derivatives and their
and hiccups.
glucosides.
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Cardiotonics
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
Digitalis lanata, Ehrh. cardiac stimulant
cardiac glycosides found
Digitalis Digitalis purpurea, Ehrh. Grecian Foxglove Leaves diuretic
throught entire plant
( Scrophulariaceae) emetic
quinazoline alkaloids -
vasicoline, adhatodine, cold. cough,
Adhatoda zeylanica, Medic.
Malabarnut, vasicolinone and whooping-cough and
Adhatoda vasica, Nees. Leaves along
Adulsa Vasaka anisotine . vasicinol, chronic bronchitis and
(Acanthaceae ) with tender stem
Adulsa vasicinone, asthma as sedative-
deoxyvasicinone, expectorant
deoxyvasicine
Carminatives and GI regulators
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
contains volatile oil, stimulant, stomachic,
consisting mainly of delta- carminative,
Dhaanyaka, linalool, alpha-pinene and antispasmodic,
Coriandrum sativum, Linn. Kustumburu, terpinine. it also contains diuretic; also
Coriander Fruits
(Umbelliferae) Dhaanyeyaka, flavonoids, coumarins, hypoglycaemic and
Dhanika phthalides and phenolic anti-inflammatory.
acids (including caffeic and oil—bactericidal
chlorogenic) and larvicidal.
fennel seed contain volatile carminative,
Mishreyaa, oils anethole, among stomachic,
Mishi, others fenchone and antispasmodic,
Foeniculum vulgare, Mill.
Fennel Madhurikaa, Fruits methylchavicol), emmenagogue,
(Umbelliferae)
Madhuraa, flavonoids, coumarins galactagogue, anti-
Shatapushpaa (including bergapten) and inflammatory,
sterols diuretic.
Trachyspermum ammi, Linn. Ammi, Fruits the seeds contain a fruits—carminative,
Ajowan Carum copticum, Benth. Lovage, Leaf juice phenolic glucoside, antispasmodic,
(Umbelliferae) Carum, Root principal constituents of the anticholerin,
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Ajowan, ajowan oil are the phenols, antidiarrhoeal,

Yavaani mainly thymol and some bechic, stimulant.
carvacrol. leaf juice—
anthelmintic.
root— carminative,
diuretic, febrifuge.
seeds yield an essential oil seed - carminative
the major constituents are, antiemetic, stomachic,
Elettaria cardamomum, Lesser Cardamom ,
1,8-cineole and alpha- orexigenic, anti-gripe,
Cardamom Maton Elaa, Seed
terpinylacetate, with antiasthmatic, bechic,
(Zingiberaceae) Sukshmailaa.
limonene, alpha-terpineol, oil - antispasmodic,
sabinene and linalool. antiseptic.
contains an
essential oil containing
monoterpenes, mainly antiemetic,
Fresh rhizome— geranial and neral; antiflatulent,
Aardraka, sesquiterpenes mainly hypocholesterolaemic,
Aadrikaa, beta-sesquiphellandrene, anti-inflammatory,
Zingiber officinale, Roscoe.
Shrngibera. betabisabolene; antispasmodic,
Ginger (Zingiberaceae) Rhizome
Dried rhizome— aromatic curcumene and expectorant,
Shunthi, alphazingiberene; circulatory stimulant,
Naagara. pungent principles, diaphoretic, increases
consisting of gingerols, bioavailability of
shogaols and related prescription drugs.
phenolic ketone
derivatives.
stimulant, carminative,
the fruit yielded piperine,
diuretic, anticholerin,
piperatine and piperidine;
Black Pepper , sialagogue, bechic,
Piper nigrum, Linn. amides, piperyline,
Black pepper Maricha, Fruits antiasthmatic. used in
(Piperaceae) piperoleins a and b,
Vellaja fevers, dyspepsia,
and n-isobutyl- cicosa-
flatulence, indigestion,
trans-2-trans-4-dienamide.
and as mucous

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membrane and
gastro-intestinal
stimulant.
ferula foetida contains:
resins consisting of
asaresionotannols
and their esters;
farnesiferols,
Ferula assafoetida Linn. Oleo gum resin olea-gum-resin—
Asafetida, Asant, ferulic acid and other acids;
Ferula rubricaulis Boiss. obtained by stimulates the
Devil’s Dung, Gum gum; volatile oil, major
Asafoetida Ferula foetida Bunge. incising the intestinal and
Asafetida constituent being sec-
(Apiaceae / Umbelliferae) living rhizomes respiratory tracts and
propenylisobutyl
and roots. the nervous system.
disulphide; sulphated
terpenes, pinene, cadinene
and vanillin;
sesquiterpenoid
coumarins.
nutmeg is used in
contains anti-inflammatory
flatulency, diarrhoea,
principle,
Nutmeg, Mace, nausea and vomiting.
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Dried seed and and licarin-b and dehydro
Nutmeg Jaatiphala, mace is used in
(Myristicaceae) Aril diisoeugenol,
Jaatishasya. rheumatism, chronic
eugenol and isoeugenol,
bowel complaints and
myristicin.
asthma.
Ceylon Cinnamon,
Cinnamomum verum leaf—carminative,
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bl. J.S. Presl., True antidiarrhoeal,
Cinnamomum loureirii Nees. Cinnamon cinnamaldehyde, alpha- spasmolytic,
Cinnamon Cinnamomum burmanii Cinnamomum Inner bark and beta-pinene, pcymene antirheumatic,
(Nees) Bl. obtusifolium Nees and limonene, linalool hypoglycaemic.
(Lauraceae) var.loureirii Perr. & Eb., essential
Saigon Cassia, Saigon oil—fungicidal.
Cinnamon

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Batavia Cassia,
Batavia Cinnamon,
Padang-Cassia,
Panang Cinnamon

carminative,
antiinflammatory,
antibacterial.

Syzygium aromaticum (Linn.) Flower buds—

Merr. & Perry. antiemetic, stimulant,
eugenin,
Caryophyllus aromaticus Lavanga, carminative, used in
triterpene acids,
Linn., Devakusum, dyspepsia, gastric
crategolic acid,
Eugenia aromatica (Linn.) Devapushpa, Clove (dried irritation.
Clove steroid glucosides.
Baill., Shrisangya, flowerbud)
Eugenol a major
Eugenia caryophyllata Shriprasuunaka oil—
component of the oil, is
Thunb., employed as a local
antibacterial.
(Myrtaceae) analgesic for
hypersensitive
dentlines and carious
cavaties; internally
as a carminative and
antispasmodic
Astringent
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
contains
tannins ─ mainly catechins
and catechu tannic acid, demulcent,
Pale Catechu, extract of the
Uncaria gambier, Roxb. indole alkaloids ─including emollient,
Catechu Gambier, leaves and
(Rubiaceae) gambirine, gambiridine; expectorant,
Khadira shoots
flavonoids ─ quercetin; diuretic,
pigments and intestinal astringent.
gambirfluorescin.

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Drugs acting on Nervous System

Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
Indian Henbane, Sedative. Narcotic
tropane alkaloids ─
Hyoscyamus niger, Linn. Black Henbane, Leaves and drug. Used for
Hyoscymus hyoscyamine,
(Solanaceae) Paarsika-yavaani, flowering tops convulsions. Action
and hyoscine.
Ajwaayin. similar to Belladonna

atropine, (dl-hyoscyamine),
l- scopalomine (tropane antispasmodic,
alkaloid) parasympathetic,
Belladonna, (atropine is converted to l- depressant,
Atropa belladonna, Auct. fruits,
Belladonna Deadly Nightshade, hyoscyamine by an vasoconstrictor,
(Solanaceae) leaves
Suuchi enzyme when the plant is smooth muscle
dry, therefore the plant is inhibitor,
more active when dry) bronchodilator.
starch, sugar, mucilage

narcotic, sedative,
antileprotic,
anti-inflammatory.
extremely poisonous.
Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Ser. Aconitum, (roots possess
aconitia,
Aconite Aconitum napellus Linn. Indian aconite, tuber depressant
aconitine or nepalline
(Ranunculaceae) Monkshood activity, but after
mitigation in
cow’s milk for 2–3
days, they exhibit
stimulant activity.)
Withania ashwagandha, Kaul. Winter Cherry, alkaloids ─ withanine, root—used as an
Ashwa-
(cultivated variety) Ashwagandhaa, root withananine, antiinflammatory
gandha
W. somnifera Linn. Hayagandhaa, withananinine, drug for swellings,
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(Solanaceae) Ashwakanda, pseudo-withanine, tumours, scrofula and

Gandharvagandhaa. somnine, rheumatism; and as a
somniferine, sedative and hypnotic
somniferinine. in anxiety neurosis.
steroidal lactones ─
withanolide,
Ephedra sinica, Stapf.
Cao Ma Huang, E. arial parts: diaphoretic
E. Equisetina, Bunge.
Mahuang Liu, arial: stimulant
E. Intermedia, Shrenk. ex
Ephedra (and some alkaloids ephedrine, astringent
Ephedra Meyer.
other herbs) has also phytosterols. decongestant
E. Gerardiana, Wallich. ex
been referred to as root: ephedrine, tannin, expectorant diuretic
Meyer.
‘herbal ecstasy saponin, flavone, oil root: diaphoretic
(Ephedraceae)
opium is obsolete
isoquinoline alkaloids ─
Opium Poppy, as a drug. narcotic,
morphine, narcotine,
Papaver somniferum, Linn. Ahiphena, dried poppy sedative, hypnotic,
Opium codeine, papaverine and
(Papaveraceae) Aaphuuka, juice analgesic, sudorific,
thebaine.
Afyum. anodyne,
antispasmodic.
hallucinogenic,
cannabis yields 421 hypnotic, sedative,
Hemp,
chemicals of various analgesic,
Indian Hemp,
classes—cannabinoids, antiinflammatory,
Vijayaa,
Cannabis sativa, Linn. dried leaves or cannabispirans, hemp derivatives
Cannabis Bhangaa,
(Cannabinaceae) juice and many alkaloids, are suggested for
Maadani,
of which treating glaucoma
Maatulaani,
δ -9- tetrahydrocannabinol and as an antiemetic
Indraasana.
(thc) is important. in cancer
chemotherapy.
strychnine, brucine,
Strychnos Nux-vomica, Linn. bitter stomachic and
Nux vomica Semina Strychni seeds caffeotannic acid, igasuric
(Loganiacoe) tonic
acid, loganin
Antihypertensive
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Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
indole alkaloids (more than
50 alkaloids identified,
reserpine - best known)
Rauvolfia serpentine, Benth. Snake root, anti-hypertensive alkaloids
Rauvolfia root anti-arrhythmic
(Apocynaceae) Sarpgandha (alseroxylone, corganthine,
anti-hypertensive
voxinil, rescinamine)
anti-arrhythmic alkaloids
─ ajmaline
Antitussive
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) used Constituents Indications / use
quinazoline alkaloids -
vasicoline, adhatodine, cold. cough,
Adhatoda zeylanica, Medic
Malabarnut, vasicolinone and whooping-cough and
Adhatoda vasica, Nees. leaves along
Vasaka Vasaka anisotine . vasicinol, chronic bronchitis and
(Acanthaceae ) with tender stem
Adulsa vasicinone, asthma as sedative-
deoxyvasicinone, expectorant
deoxyvasicine
toluene, benzylic benzoate,
Toluifera Balsamum, Linn. balsam of the benzylic cinnamate,
Tolu Balsam Balsamum Tolutanum expectorant
(Leguminosae) plant benzoic acid, cinnamic
acid, resins
Major components of the leaf— expectorant,
essential oil are eugenol, carminative,
carvacrol, nerol and stomachic,
eugenolmethylether. antispasmodic,
Holy Basil,
Leaves have been antiasthmatic,
Ocimum Sanctum, Linn. Sacred Basil,
Tulsi seed, leaves reported to contain ursolic antirheumatic,
(Labiatae) Tulsi,
acid, apigenin, stimulant,
Surasa
luteolin, apigenin-7-O- hepatoprotective,
glucuronide, antipyretic and
luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, diaphoretic.
orientin and molludistin. seed— used in

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genitourinary
diseases.
Antirhumatics
Plant Name Biological name Synonym(s) part(s) used constituents indications / use
Commiphora mukul, Hooker. Indian Bdellium, gum ─ resin anti-cholesterol,
Guggul guggolestrones E, Z.
(Burseraceae) Guggulu exudes antirhumatic
seed and the antirhumatic,
Colchicum autumnale, Linn.
Colchicum corn of colchicine as emetic in
(Liliaceae)
colchicum poisioning
Antitumour
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
anticancer, circulatory
indole alkaloids stimulant
Vinca major, Linn. whole plant
Vinca Periwinkle, amaranth (vincamine, cinblastine) (increases blood flow
(Apocynaceae) extract
tannins to the brain)
hypotensive
Antileprotics
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
fixed oil, 25-50 % contains
palmitin, linolein, but chiefly
Chaulmoogra
Taraktogenos. glycerides of two fatty
oil / Oleum Taraktogenos Kurzii, King.
Chaulmoogra. Seed oil acids—chaulmoogric, cho, leprosy
Chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus)
Chaulmoogra. and hydnocarpic, cho,
e
starch, proteins, tannin,
coloring matter
Antidiabetics
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
kino-tannic acid,
diabetes, diarrhea,
Pterocarpus Marsupium, kino-red, kinoin,
Gummi (Resina) Kino, pyrosis, menorrhagia,
Pterocarpous Rozburgh. bark juice pyrocatechin
Vengay, Bastard dysentery, leucorrhea,
(Papilionaceae; Fabaceae) (pyrocatechuic acid,
ulcers,
catechol),

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leaf—antidiabetic.
stimulates
the heart and
circulatory
system, activates the
Australian Cow Plant, uterus. used
Ipecacuanha (Indian). in parageusia and
Gymnema Gymnema sylvestre B. Br. leaves or whole gymnemagenin,
Meshashringi, furunculosis.
sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) plant gymnemic acids
Meshavishaanikaa,
whole plant—diuretic,
antibilious.
root—
emetic, expectorant,
astringent,
stomachic.
Diuretics
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
plant contains saponins,
which on hydrolysis yield fruits—diuretic,
sapogenins—diosgenin, demulcent,
gitogenin, chlorogenin, anti-inflammatory,
ruscogenin, anabolic,
Gokshura, 25d-spirosta-3, 5-diene, spasmolytic, muscle
Gokshuraka, among others. flavonoids— relaxant,
fruit,
Tribulus terrestris, Linn. Kshudra (Laghu) rutin, quercetin, hypotensive,
Gokhru leaves,
(Zygophyllaceae) Gokharu, kaempferol, kaempferol-3- hypoglycaemic.
root.
Shvadamshtraa, glucoside and-rutinoside,
Swaadu-kantaka and tribuloside have leaf—diuretic,
been isolated fromthe haemostatic.
leaves and fruits.
theseeds contain carboline root—stomachic,
alkaloids— diuretic.
harmane and harmine.

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harmol is also reported

from the herb.
diuretic,
anti-inflammatory,
antiarthritic,
spasmolytic,
antibacterial
Horse-purslane, (used for inflammatory
Hogweed, xanthone, renal diseases,
Boerhavia diffusa, Linn. Rakta-punarnavaa, beta-ecdysone. nephrotic syndrome,
Punarnava whole plant
(Nyctaginaceae) Punarnavaa, flavonoid, in cases of ascites
Katthilla, arbinofuranoside resulting from
Shophaghni. early cirrhosis of liver
and chronic
peritonitis, dropsy
associated with
chronic bright’s
diseases
Antidysenterics
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
emetine, cephaeline,
Cephaelis ipecacuanha, cephaelic acid,
antidysenterics,
Ipecacuanha A. Richard Ipecacuanha. Ipecac dried root epecacuanhic acid, tannic
emetic
(Rubiacae) acid, volatile oil, starch,
gum
Antiseptic and disinfectant
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
benzaldehyde, vanillin
resinous
(1 %), phenylpropyl
Styrax benzoin, Dryander. exudates antiseptic and
Benzoin Sumatra benzoin cinnamate, styrol, and
(Styraceoe) obtained by disinfectant
styracin, cinnamic acid,
injury to the tree
benzoic acid
Myrrh Commiphora myrrha Nees. African Myrrh, oleo-gum-resin the gum contains acidic antiseptic and
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(Burseraceae) Arabian Myrrh, polysaccharides, volatile oil disinfectant

Balsamodendron including other
Myrrha, constituents, eugenol,
Bitter Myrrh, heerabolene,
Commiphora, monoterpenes and
furanosequiterpenes.
amorphous resin, a
Neem, leaves, crystalline, bitter alkaloid insect repellant, bitter
Melia Azadirachta, Linn.
Neem Limb, bark, (margosine), margosia tonic, antiseptic and
(Meliaceoe)
Nila seed oil. acid, a crystalline disinfectant
substance and tannin
contains volatile oil 5-10%,
antiseptic and
turmerones which are
disinfectant,
Curcuma Longa, Roxb Turmeric, haridra, the dried sesquiterpene, ketones,
Curcuma stomachic, aromatic,
(Zingiberaceae) haldi, halad. rhizome Curcumin, Curcuminoids,
stimulant; dyspepsia,
bitter principles, sugars,
flatulence
starch, resin.
Antimalarial
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
quinine, quinidine,
Calisaya Weddell, Linn. Quills or in
Cinchona bark, cinchonine, cinchonidine,
Cinchona Cinchona officinalis, Linn. curved pieces of malaria
Jesuit bark. quinamine, quinic acid,
(Rubiaceae) bark
quinovic acid
Oxytocics
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use

Claviceps purpurea, alkaloids (ergotamine) oxytocic,

Ergot (Clavicititaceae) Rye ergot dried sclerotium ergotic/ergotinic acid, hemostatic,
sclerotic motor excitant

Vitamins
Emblica officinalis, Gaertn. Phyllanthus emblica, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), antianaemic, anabolic,
Amla Fruit pericarp
(Euphorbiaceae) Aaamalaki, Aaamalaka zeatin, phyllembin, antiemetic, bechic,
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minerals and amino acids astringent,

antihaemorrhagic.
Enzymes
digestive in dyspepsia
stomachic,
carminative, diuretic,
Carica Papaya, Linn. galactagogue. useful
Papaya Papain or Papayotin papain enzyme plant enzyme
(Caricaceae) in bleeding piles,
haemoptysis,
dysentery and chronic
diarrhoea.
Perfumes and Flavoring Agents
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
menthol, menthone,
digestive, carminative,
pulegone, enthofuran,1,8-
chloretic,
cineole, menthyl acetate,
antispasmodic,
isomenthone, the leaves
diuretic,
contain flavonoid
antiemetic, mild
Pudinaa, steam distilled glycosides, eriocitrin,
Peppermint Mentha piperata, Linn. sedative, diaphoretic,
Peppermint, Brandy volatile oil of the luteolin 7-0-rutinoside,
oil (Labiatae; Lamiaceae) antiseptic, antiviral,
Mint plant hesperidin, isorhoifolin,
used in
diosmin, eriodictyol 7-O-
many mixtures of
glucoside and narirutin,
indigestion and
besides rosmarinic acid,
colic and cough and
azulenes, cholene,
cold remedies.
carotenes.
antiscorbutic,
volatile oil (about 2.5% of
carminative,
Jambira, Jambh, the peel) consists of about
stomachic,
Citrus limon, Linn. Jambhir, 75% limonene,
Lemon oil peel oil antihistaminic,
(Rutaceae) Jaamphal, Nimbu, alpha-and beta-pinenes,
antibacterial. used
Nimbuka, neebu alpha-terpinene, citral,
during coughs,
hesperidin, rutin.
colds, influenza and
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Santalum album, Linn.
Sandalwood
( Santalaecae)
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s)
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn.
Liquorice
(Papilionaceae, Fabaceae)
Allium sativum, Linn.
Garlic
(Liliaceae, Alliaceae)
Picrorhiza kurroa,
Picrorhiza Royle ex Benth
(Scrophulariaceae)
Dioscorea anguina, Roxb.
Dioscorea Dioscorea bulbifera, Linn.
(Dioscoreaceae)
A.A.RAUT
onset of fever
Chandan, Sandal, Heartwood of phenols - santalol, borneol, aromatic therapy,
Sandalwood the plant alcohols - α-norisoborneol perfumary
Miscellaneous
Other names Part(s) Used Constituents Indications / Use
glycyrrhizin 2-8%,
Gan Cao demulcent,
triterpene saponin,
(root/rhizome), expectorant,
glycyrrhetinic acid,
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. antiallergic, anti-
root, isoflavonoids, chalcones,
Var. Glabra, G.glabra inflammatory,
stolon coumarins, triterpenoids
L. Subsp. Glandulifera spasmolytic, mild
and sterols, lignans, amino
(Waldst. & Kit.) Ponert, laxative, antistress,
acids, amines, gums and
Licorice antidepressive
volatile oils
disulphide compounds
Ajo, Allium,
allicin (via allinase) anti-microbial
Lashuna, Rasona, bulb
alliin, diallyl disulphide, hypotensive
Yavaneshta, (clove)
lipids, mucilage, albumin hypolipidemic
Ugragandha
vitamins A, B, C, E.
glycosidal bitter
principle, kutkin found to be
a mixture of two iridoid
in jaundice,
glycosides, picroside
Katukaa, Katurohini, intermittent fever,
root i and kutkoside also
Kutki. dyspnoea and
obtained were D-mannitol,
skin diseases
kutkiol, kutkisterol
and a ketone (identical with
apocynin).
tubers—used for
ulcer, to
dioscorine , furanoid
Wild yam, Colic-root, kill worms in wounds.
tubers norditerpenes, contain
Dioscorea villosa plant parts—
nearly 83% starch
used in whitlow, sores,
boils.
14
 B.S.P.M. INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AMBAJOGAI. Dist – Beed. (M.S.) INDIA. I'st DCP CLASSROOM NOTES – PHARMACOGNOSY # 1.

inflammation of
mucous membranes
fixed oil 35-40%, tannin, of respiratory,
Linum usitatissimum, Linn. Flaxseed, Flax, Lint-
Linseed ripe seed amygdalin, mucilage, oleic digestive, and urinary
(Linaceae) bells, Winter lien
acid, linoleic acid organs, renal and
vesical irritation,
catarrh, dysentery,
as galactagogue, for
disorders of female
saponins— genitourinary tract,
Indian asparagus ,
shatavarins I–IV. ulcer-healing agent,
Asparagus racemosus Willd. Shataavari, Shatmuuli,
Shatavari dried root shatavarin IV is a glycoside intestinal disinfectant
(Asparagaceae) Atirasaa, Bahusutaa,
of sarsasapogenin, and astringent in
Shatpadi, Shatviryaa
sitosterol etc. diarrhea, nervine tonic
and in sexual debility
for spermatogenesis
evolvine,
E. Angustifolius Roxb.
beta-sitosterol, stearic, brain tonic, an aid in
Shankh- Evolvulus alsinoides, Linn. Convolvulus alsinoides aqueous extract
oleic, linoleic conception, astringent,
pushpi (Convolvulaceae) L. Shankhphuli, of whole plant
acids, pentatriacontane antidysenteric.
Shivakrandi
and triacontane
an acrid, brown resin,
Pellitory, inulin, anacycline, sialogogue, stimulant,
Anacyclus Pyrethrum, Linn. Officinarum Hayne, isobutylamide, cordial, rubefacient,
Pyrethrum root
(Compositae) Aakallaka, Aakulakrit, inulin and a trace of insulin-dependent
Agragraahi essential diabetes mellitus
oil.
muscle relaxation in
dislocation,
Indian tobacco,
Nicotiana tabacum, Linn. nicotine strangulated hernia
Tobacco Taamraparna, herb
(Solanaceae ) and orchitis arthralgia,
Dhuumrapatraa
lumbago, rheumatism
and gout

A.A.RAUT 15