You are on page 1of 7

 

 

ႚ 
 ႛ 

 



". . .  


ႚ  !" # $$ %&ႚ႓%( 

" )* %$" 
+,- * x x x /) "0 122  3/ 
  "4
" &5 $ !%  3/  +
 &5 " " 
( )6"0,-* 3/   +

78"  $
"

!% * -$  66

 3/  ""
!% * 
""
+,- . . . " . . . [ 5
" :22; 6/)  )
"7႒ "&/)" !% 6 ႛ 6 50) "
ႛ  
႒) 
Jr. Leonard
Dowine ႛ Robert G. Kaiser, Knoft, 2002 ႛ 
6 'The News about the Nesw: American Journalism in peril'
"7 "0
6 
/] ,

!" 7
 
5&ႚ '^
'
" 6  (`)  " 
 

ႚ 
 ႛ


 


"  ႛ  !"  -- %
!"
!% "0*]

 
 

ႚ 
 ႛ 

 


*

6  (`)  


  %7
 6 !" 
/ 
/ $
, - ) & & !"
/,- *   !"7
  #%

6] !% "
 66 )
7  ႛ #
 !%  #႓" ,
7- * ,
7-  $
 5
 6#*  ႛ "
 " 7 
  ႛ 
 )
!"   
#!" 
*

 ႛ ႓"6   


   

)
"
 
  "4   
-6#* !


" $ "4  %
"ႛ  %ႚ ႚ ") !"
 * ႒$& " 6(ႚ" #&#&6& "/6*

CBS f) 5"+


႓"6 :g /)   ")  !"
6* hi
) ,
$  
႒+


  ") & !"
6* 6(ႚ ! f   ႛ 


 !6
j !"
 6#*
") !"
  "4  %7
"& 7
   !"
 ႓ !% 6*  7
 ") 7 

 
k
5 7 ႖
" *  7
)  ႖
" * #%
ႚ 6]  "

%
"] %)
/6,- * #
7 :221 6/)  "
 
] (recession)  "
 %
 "
  $
6*

1mmg 
" ႓"   
)
  7
 !% 6
"0* :221 6/) 
 

 "$
*
")  " ႚ ႟ "
h
) 6"0 6(ႚ&" 6*  %
!"] ,)

%
-  f# 
- 
5
 " %
!"%ႛ o8 #
*

-7 ,
7
  
6&]  
 "4 
!"- &# 
] $
 $

%
!"6#* 1mm` 6/)  /
)
7)
 
$

 ႛ 
$
+
႒
 "05     !% ] 7!" 
#
6 (Statement of Concern) $
 7!" 6*


$

!"
+
) 6 "
$&   6&
  #* $
,
 $ "4)

 &
!%  
 )
*    "  %ႚ ,
7
 7!6 !" #
 %
!% (infotainment) 
-႓" ႒( $ ႟ႚ
 #
)

ႛ & !%  
 )
* 
"
$
%
!% "/"0* "
႟8 

"/"0* ႗/" ႛ ႚ q
 !r "/"0* 
ႛ 
  %ႚ +
- ႛ %ႚ ႚ 
( 6
!% "4
 ႒ #

 %
!""0* "7 !"$6 "6  

5 "0 o8 !" 7
"0ႛ 

$

ႚ #

)
"0)*

 #

 #
!"(႓" 

$

 
 "4"0
* !"s  %ႚ (Pew
Charitable Trusts)   
  "& 7
"&* !"sႚ  "& &6႓"  /& /)
&ႛ )

$
 5
!"("* 
$
 - ႛ ႚ  "-" ] !"#* 

 $  !"  !r 
"$
% 

 $/#* 1mmm 
  
 
$

ႚ ,
7
 !  

7!" *   
  
!%  ] !"( %
!"
" !% *

,
7
 ! 6&- 
  "
 %
  7"]  76 $  ႛ !%#*
&6 6
ႛ  , 
]$
 
)
 ! ,
-#,-* "
 %
 6 7 ""&
" " !"
 *  76  "0,-ႛ !"
*

 
6& 
$

7 "& &"& " $$
%ႛ $ %
#
  " +
%
!%
, 
႒ j 
 ႛ !%* & 6 6
ႛ , ]$
 
)
7 75
႟& 
"  $
,
-*

 
6& 
$
+
 5%  
႒ "6#"0* 
  , !"
 $
-+ ႛ
 ႛ 5% 6 

77 6#* ႓"
  ႒႒ ႓" "%
% 66ႚ 7႒
6&6    6#ႛ  !"
*  
6& 
$

ႚ `2 
6/]   
+
66 ႟]"7
#

 5
]    6#ႛ !"
*  
+
-7 "ႚ &# 6] 6&#
,- ႛ
!%- 75
 )*

1mm2 /)  /)
")

! 
$

ႚ ,
7
 
6#
႒ -] "u&"
) &


!  $ - 
+
q
  # $
ႚ6#* 7)
 
$
;g 

"0 
 

fs
"႓" 60 -+ ႛ
)  

ႚ !"
 "," ! 
 ႚ#ႛ -] "u&
"
)
  & $*

 "  #


" j
" %
!"  vw
 7-!% American Journalism Review, The Columbia Journlism
Review, The Nieman Reports 
ႛ  "  i"  !"y
 #
 $
"0 
႒ %
!"6#႓" !% *

 ႛ " 
ႚ )ႚ

 $,6 ! ႛ  !% ,-* :221 6/)  #% 66&]
6  

ႚ 6(ႚ ")
 
 
 ih
 ႚ6* ႚ 
$& 
%ႚ +
1mm2 6/) 
  67
 "႓" 



ႚ* Wall street Journal, The New York Times, The
Washington Post  ႛ )
 %ႚ "႓" 7-6႗  7! 6#* 
ႚ w- ႛ -ႛ 
 67 "႓"
!" !ႛ " ႛ %႟]/ 6#*

#
6 /) 
  "0  
+
7-7-!6
!6
  !"
!r
 
#* Dallas Morning News
Portland Oregonian Raleigh News & Observer New Orleans Times Picayume +
ႛ
7-!6
 
  
7)
"0*

႓"6 :g /)  7)


 "  6 "47  
6* +

 National Public Radio !% * 6
!"5 /& 7
 ႛ 
!%7
႓" 50)  ႛ !"   
 !"!" & & " * C-Span $ ,
5"    8
 #

] 6 $/] 78 " * 0+

!"- ( "
 ႛ $
"0  !"7 - & 
 "ႛ " !6" !% *  0( )6%- "0,-*


7" " ႚ  
 
!6 ih
6 "
 ႛ #  "႓" %
!"

!% *  6
ƒg /) 
 $ #  $ 
" 76#
"0*  ႛ6)

 
  vw f  ႛ 

$ (news sites) +
"
 "  ႛ #     " " 7 #"0႓"*  +
!"
႒ "0*  
 ) )  7"
#

 60
 - %႟] 
  
#*

 ႛ $ 6!6
 
#* %
!%6 +, "
f+ "  % 

#
+

 " $64 
" ႛ  !% *



ႚ 


 
7 -
 
 
 
"
ႛ 
 
"
!"
6
#
"0"* ႓"
 
"

"
+
- ႛ %ႚ ႚ  
  ႒ $
 &##* 
 
"

&##-+
- ႛ  - ႛ "
) (Professionals) !%  ႟]!#* "
) &/]  "
ႛ  " "6#* 
ႛ " "
)
&/]   
#&%ႛ 6
 ႛ
# #
!% *

 ႛ "  5


 "
  %7
 (professionalism) +

 
"
ႛ 7" ႚ
6"*
"
%)  
+

   6 ႚ6
 ႛ #&( 60 
 ႚ 6 7)
"
6& !%  #*

San Jose Mercury News 


 75-  + „ (Jay T. Harris) +
,  !%6&
   ႛ 
 ႓" :221 6/) )

/7
 
 * 0+


)
 „
) "
%)  
ႚ !! ""6 !%  u   *


  
"
$
&/] +
  - ႛ %ႚ  ႟6
"0"* 
႟&6("+

w ႛ
" $&!%6 6)႓" 
&/]  
!% "6*  /) ,- $  
) 7!6

] !%$ 60
w "6  ႚ  % &##

w "6
 +
   ႚ 
#

5 7-
 6 †)
) #
 !%#
#*

 
" !"  
#႓" 7 " " 
 )*  ႛ6)
"
 

* 
  vw
fs 

   
  vw 5,$ "
" $

+
$
ႛ /&& $

"  "&) 5%  $    #* 
   vw
  
#
 6 !" 7
)
7
 7

"0"* !"s%ႚ (Pew Charitable Trusts) 
  "  %ႚ  "  
&5  "%ႛ  "& 7
"& "6"0* #
႒ 75-  ႛ + f
 6    

+

#
!
) -7
 /)
6(  6  
#
w %
" #*  $& 6&)
#
ႛ
#
!
) 
(ႚ
 

  "
%) , 
!ႛ $/"0*


"
 
  $!* # (! !
 
$ 0+
႒ & -
"
!% * 
"
 !
!6+
# 
!] ႛ )j $ "  $
 ") 6&
 



!% *

:1 
7ႛ 5

 60  
ႚ 
 ႛ "႓" +
  (( )
#* ! /] !

! 
 6$]#
 -+
7)
 "s
)ႚ 7  
‡&  3 " ႛ  
/#
* 0$  j
 
 "
" %"
ႛ  )
ႛ 6 ႚ ႟႒ +
  76#*


ႛ " ႚ)
 !6 
%ႛ $
 & !%  
 )*  
ႚ  !" #
$$ %&ႚ႓%( 

" )* %$" 
+,- *  
  %)
6
),- * &7   ႟") "4
ႛ
$႓"  ႛ 
ႛ "
" 
,-* f) "4
 ႛ   
ႛ ႟") "

 !6 ),- *
/) "0 122  3/    "4
" &5 $ !%  3/  +
 &5 " " 
( )6"0,-*


6 !"

)
 3/   +
78"  $
"

!% * -$ 
66

 3/  ""
!% *  ""
+,- *

 $
 "  
( +,- * ,
&"   
 /]  5 !6


   !% 

ႛ $/)
!% *  ႛ " !6
  6
  %!% !% /) 7႓"
 %ႚ  * 6 !"5 7
 !"(")
- &5  !% "4

"0*


 3/   6 ႗/"7 ႛ & 

 ႛ ! !  "
ႛ "/* 
ႛ " 
 ! 

ႛ $/,- * #7  6 "
 "
%)  
$
 "႓" "" !% *
6 # #
7 ႒
+
,
 $
"
) 
$

႟7* ႟ %႓"

 )
"

$
!% *


%-  ႛ + #႟]
$ - 
7&  ႛ   "
 
$
" !% * 
$
+

 
႟& 6&
/
 !"("- !% *


  

+
"0"   ႖  #&( 7,- *   )   6
"0)) 7
  %
!"* ႓"
 7!6 
,
6  ႟"!"
 
  f   j 7- $
"0 

 
!% 
႒ "0)* 

 7
%ႛ - 
႒ 
ႛ 


 "#*
f) 
-"* "
!%  
!  "  ) ႖+
#႟]
$ - 
   !% $#

6"*


 3/  
" 
ႛ 
$

 ) j)
"0ႛ 50) "
ႛ  
႒
/) 
 +
  76#"0*



 




 6)
 "&/)" 
 $ ႔  )   jႛ ႖
/* 
$
*
     )* ႒(  !%႓" 
ႛ * 6 ႟  
႟ %
ႛ * 7 %
  6 6႗႓"
%
 ႒( " ႛ *


  

+
- ႛ " j"q (Personality) )*
% " -႓႓   %  
ႚ j"q
"&%ႛ * " $
"0) ႟"!"
 w

+

% " ႛ ႗5 !%  * 
  


+

‡ ႛ   & "0)႟&    7 " ) $ #
!

 !%  %
!" -  
5
"0 %
!"*  #
!
  5+

  (! !% *


$ ( 5 & 

5 )"‰ 


 
6%ႛ 
#
!
7 

"&
#%ႛ 
* 0$ 
 "
 76#
)
) "*  !"!" & & %ႛ  # 7

  
 
%ႛ )*
50) "
ႛ  uh 0႟
%ႚ5 50,-% #
!
 50႒" 7
/
  

ႚ

+
$! 
" )
ႛ !"
* #
!
)+

 !" !6
 ႟ 
 
႒ ) ႓"* 0#

))

 76 

ႛ - $"0*  ႛ " 6 )
" ,-%+
-"$ (Buffalo News) 

"&/)"    5 * ,
#
 $
 "
  ႓"(
 $
 !%  +,- 
" +,-

 +,- 6 
 12 /)  1g /) #
) !% 
/
"0" ႛ - !"
*

66 7
 
+
#&#&6&  /#
) "* 
 f#  " -
 #" 
%
"
 
 
6# "0,-* ႚ j"
!" 50) " ႛ  
+
f 7 50) ႓(ႚ
$
"
  * 
 
"0,-*

 ႛ 
 7
  
  ! !   

ႛ !% !ႛ %s/ 6 )
"&/)"


"0 
 

   )j

 ) * "&/)" 

% " 7-7-!6
!6

"/

 $   5% 6" !% * "႓"  6
 6 %$ )6 ႛ 5% 6 7!6+

"&/)" 
, " 
!6 !% "0*


$
 
 "&/)" 
 - ! "  ႛ 87 
#)
"*  60
!7
 ႛ 
 
!6
 !6


%ႛ )*  ႛ 
 
 , " 

 ) ႛ !"
/


 % 
!""4)
#
( +, 

 60 -
 ႛ * $႓%႓" %
ႛ  * 
&
7
6 7
 6 ))
 
)
6!%  &6 & ႛ * 6 $ 
! 
႒+

" 
 5,$ 7
)႓" 7
 
7)
5႓" )j႓"(  #႓" !% *

 
)
 
 )
* 6  6 -

:1 
 7
 $ 
"
 7
 , )*  !"
 6 -
+
,
( 6 , ( "* !%
 -+
"႓" 
  
"
 6#)
"0"*  ႛ
&  
‡႒)
-ႛ ႔  ) %ႛ 
"
ႚ - -ႛ "* "
6 )j႓"(# 6႒)

  %ႛ "႒* " 


  "
 
6 
 !"  !%$] 
 !% 
*


% "  ()
 !%$ "6# 
႒7)
50 7 
 -
 ႛ
50) "
ႛ ႛ "05*  
႒ &
 "  „
)) ႛ  ႓႓ 
" %႟] #$ !% * 0+
" "
$
,"0*  &
+
 6 /)   &$
 7

% " "

* 6$ 
)
"
5,$ 7
ႛ " "

*

ႛ 
   - ႛ %ႚ 7  " 
 +

  
ႛ "႓" 77  
)),-* -ႛ  7  
‡႒ #
 
ႛ -$- 
႒ )* :221 6/)  #%
ႚ
6
6&႓"6 )

 
‡႒ ,
 ,

 - j 
 
"0ႚ*  m/11 6 $ 7-!%  
- - ႛ ႚ " v 
‡7)

   #* !"" 
‡႒)
,
 !%   $

႟& &5 7
#,-*

:222 !"/)  ‹ ႟


" ႒( $
 " " 6 )
MTO 5" #% 
$/Œ6&
- ] " 6 )


 ,
!" $
  1; /)  ႛ : /) #
 -ႚ "& "&+
‹ 
7-  , -  "05 )j႓"(
$

 #,-*

 #% 6


6&႓"
)   - //#
#
 !% 
#*  60) 
,
 %
#* f #  

7
 
#*  
  "  

*

#% 50 $ ႛ  6!6 ႛ "ႛ 5


 
#
+

 
  
! 

!% * #% 50+



 
)
$႓" 6666 $  j /Ž
႒ !%  $ !% ႛ  6
) %ႛ ႒* 
‡႒ ႛ !"
  5  !6  7
* ႓"($ "$
  # , "

#
 ""// 7
%ႛ *  ႚ  7
 
# %ႛ * "6 
 

"
(good journalism)  !%$ "/"0*

 &  ႚ 


$&  %ႚ  ႔ /"0


5
" :22; 6/)  )
"7႒ "&/)" !% 6
ႛ 6 50) "
ႛ  
႒) 
Jr. Leonard Dowine ႛ Robert G. Kaiser,
Knoft, 2002 ႛ 
6 'The News about the Nesw: American Journalism in peril'
"7 "0 6 
/]
,

!" 7
 
5&ႚ '^
'
" "  &  ႚ 
$&  %ႚ  ႔ /"0
"  !" 
-- %
!"
!% "0*
 &  ႚ 
$&  %ႚ  ႔ /"0
*

 &

  

+
႒ $&!% 
6 
 ႓" $

!
 !6 !% "0* 6 )

6  


#*

" "
 %
 
"
ႚ " $႓" j6(  j)

" $
 6  6 !% *

 !6 !% /"0,-ႛ !/  7


)
) "0* 
" ႚ & 6 6
ႛ )s+
& 
/
 6႗
႓" !

 /
 %ႛ ႒(
  # "*


"  ႛ &8 " )
 # 
$& - "
" !% * 7


  #
- ႛ " "
* & 6 6 ႛ )s 
3s ႒ႛ
/)
6,- * 7

/)
 ႖
႓" #
!

/)
 
 6* f) 
 
-"* 86  ႖
႓" "$&


 #
!
 j
" 6#*


uhႚ ,†
  7
 /) "0
 

$  6 ႗ 
 (John Morton)     ႖
%ႛ
  %
!"] !%
 ")+

ႚ 
"0 " 
 "
" !% ႚ !"
* 
%
" $7 7
/ 


) ႔  ႛ - !"
*  ႛ "  ႛ6 
uh ") 6(ႚ+

)  #


,- *  "
 
h " ႛ  

 !7  %"
ႛ  ##
* 
 ! 
,
$ ႟]&
႓" $ 75] " )
6
*

 ႚ 


$&  %ႚ  ႔ /"0
*



)
႒
 

  %ႚ ႚ "0] ) !"(#*  j
႒
 3႒ 6
ႛ +  j
႒
 uh႒ 6"  " ႒ 6+
" j] )
 )
႓ !% * 
‡


႒ 
  ႛ + ႟"& " ႒ 6 !% 
႓" $ -
ႛ 6 † ) !"(#
"*   " ႒

%-  f#  -  "4 
5  )
*

6 
7 7
 
+
" ,
" $
q j
#* -ႛ (
"
7 "ႚ ( "
 7
႓" ""  #ႛ $/"0*

  - ႛ %ႚ +


႒!  %ႚ 
#
 
႒ (! !% 7  6*  " ႒
  !" -  ) 


 #
 "6* )
 )
8, 7" $
  

"6*  ႛ 
 !" -  (!"(    " ႒ႚ  
 ႛ ႔  )  
6&6 " ,
j")
),- *  %ႚ ႒ႚ )!6 "
"!6 $
") "4)
"  "0* "$] !"

)/* ႟  6 

 ႛ "  ") !% ႛ
"q
ႛ ,
7
 ") !"
 
)

/*


$&  %ႚ+
" 
!"
 7
/႓" 5 

 #* The Wall Street Journal ႛ
New York Times 
+ ႛ
 ႛ
% " 8
)*   !"& "&ႚ/)
&ႛ * ႛ " Washington Post Los Angeles
Time’s, Dalles Morning News ႛ !6
 
$&
5 

 ႓(ႚ  "#
" 


*
 ႛ 8
" %
+, !" 
ႛ  "႒ %႟]#* 
 ' ႛ $
"0 $-"0

' ႛ 

!"
$#*


 
 
 
!   %ႚ ႚ  

 , - ) 
6&6 "/,
)* 0#
 ) &% ႛ 
 !"$] "%ႛ * "7$& " !"$]
 7-6႗  7! 

($!" 
%"
ႛ * "4  „
) (
 ( - -
  
7  7
"0*

,
#
 $
 50
႒ )

 !%  #
) ႓႓&)
!% * !6
 "  ႛ )j " )

"6 
"0* 0#
 
 !%  ,5 !r("/)& "
- 
 7
)
!% "0*

 "  $



!
 $
%ႛ 66
 ႓"("%ႛ  - * CBS News +
1m;2 !"/) 


 7 ႒
 %ႚ ႒ !% 6* 0" 6$  ) ႟"&k
႒ &6  $$& "  !%  ႓"*


$&  " ႚ ) &+
-  $
 6) 
/#* 7
 
7
8)

5#)
"* 6$ 7"  
႒ ႛ ႟"&k
႒ 
&+
" Web Sites  ) #႓"*
-
 ႛ 50) "
ႛ  5,$+

 7)
-# 
$&7 "0 ႓"* 50 7 
 
$
5,$ "$ 5
 
႒  *  " ႛ   j
႒
 
႒ ႛ ႟"&+
7


7)
-ႛ  
 $7   #"*

 " ႒


ႚ ") " 
  
"
 
"!6 ႛ 7
) $
])
"$&

 &!6!%
-
ႛ ႚ 
$& ( "
 !% 7
  
/ႛ $& ႛ)
6& 
#% )
*

  7
 !% 
/"0* (( ႛ !% /
"0* "7 6
 )"0*  ! 
7"
5 

)
"* ႓"($  )
 
 
7 +
- ႛ 
 

 "4
/)
"* 6 $ ႚ 
$&  " +
!
$& "
 " 7)
"0 *

"
"
$

$& "$
] ႛ !]+ ႛ
"0"" ႛ 50) " ႛ  
႒ႚ 75-
 +    6%- * 50) "
ႛ +
50
  ႟]"
"& ႒ %
7 
႓" 
)
hi

"
 # (! 
6
 $"0*

   0 ႛ !6


 
 ")႒
 -ႛ ႚ 50႒" 
 !

 7
 1mm2
!"/) 
 %
  ႒(" 6#%-*  ႛ j6 7

, #
!
5 
 "6#
"0*
#
!
6/]  !r* 
" #6 /]  !r* 6     "05    ႖
6
!%
*  ႛ " 

 &5 
,-* ! f   
- fs+

 &#*
86  ႖
႓" #
!


 8"
"0* 
 ! "
" -ႛ f   # " 
  
*
" $ 
 #
!
)
 
 6 )
#
!
 

)
+,- *

6 
0/) 

 ,)
$ /) !r("/)&#  %ႚ +
" "႓" "


$$
/ "
  
!%ႛ 6
*  !6 ( ")
 "4 ႟6)
!% *

f
  #
- "
 ""6

  6 ,

 "" 


 " $


"
&/]  6"႓" "
"" ႛ !"
*


"
&/]  " %ႛ "
(need to know)  ")
* 6
 " 6
(want to know) 
" ႛ - !"
* f
 )
" ႒( " "   7
 )  &" 
" !% *

 
႒ 6&ႚ  7
  ,
&"  )  !%  "0*  
႒ႚ 

!%
!%s+


 "  ")
 ႛ "
 +-
&"$ "4)
&5  *


% "
 ႛ f#  "
 6
(want to know)  
6 #
, "
(need to
know)  ’ 6&# 
 

"
(good journalism) ႔  )  /* 
ႛ + 
 6ႚ

+

/,- "
ႛ  $)
!% "0*

,

!"  - 
5&

Ref: The News About the News

! 
 $
  "
%ႚ

"
/) ! 
   

 


"  "
/) "႓6
/&


You might also like