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A Reinforced Concrete Slab is the one of the most important structural component in modern buildings.

Slabs are supported on Columns and Beams. RCC Slabs whose thickness ranges from 10 to 50 centimetres are most often used for the construction of floors and ceilings. Thin concrete slabs are also used for exterior paving purpose. In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or directly on the sub soil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. In high rises buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level. While making structural drawings of the reinforced concrete slab, the slabs are abbreviated to r.c.slab or simply r.c..

DESIGN OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SLABS


For a suspended slab, there are a number of designs to improve the strength-toweight ratio. In all cases the top surface remains flat, and the underside is modulated: Corrugated, usually where the concrete is poured into a corrugated steel tray. This improves strength and prevents the slab bending under its own weight. The corrugations run across the short dimension, from side to side. A ribbed slab, giving considerable extra strength on one direction. A waffle slab, giving added strength in both directions. Reinforcement design A one way slab has structural strength in shortest direction. A two way slab has structural strength in two directions . These slabs could be cantilevered or Simply Supported Slabs.

Ribbed slab

Waffle slab
ATUL ANAND JHA A\2305\2010 KARAN SINGH A\2283\2010

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

R.C.C. SLABS

Uses of column heads : increase shear strength of slab reduce the moment in the slab by reducing the clear or effective span

Uses of drop panels : increase shear strength of slab increase negative moment capacity of slab stiffen the slab and hence reduce deflection

FLAT SLAB (span up to 10 m)


FLEXIBILITY IN ROOM LAYOUT allows Architect to introduce partition walls anywhere required allows owner to change the size of room layout allows choice of omitting false ceiling and finish soffit of slab with skim coating EASE OF INSTALLATIONOF M&E SERVICES all M & E services can be mounted directly on the underside of the slab instead of bending them to avoid the beams avoids hacking through beams BUILDABLE SCORE allows standardized structural members and prefabricated sections to be integrated into the design for ease of construction this process will make the structure more buildable, reduce the number of site workers and increase the productivity at site more tendency to achieve a higher Buildable score SAVING IN BUILDING HEIGHT Lower storey height will reduce building weight due to lower partitions and cladding to faade approx. saves 10% in vertical members reduce foundation load LATERAL STABILITY buildings with flat plate design is generally less rigid lateral stiffness depends largely on the configuration of lift core position, layout of walls and columns frame action is normally insufficient to resist lateral loads in high rise buildings, it needs to act in tandem with walls and lift cores to achieve the required stiffness

Ribbed and waffle slabs (span up to 25 m)


Ribbed and waffle slabs provide a lighter and stiffer slab than an equivalent flat slab, reducing the extend of foundations. They provide a very good form where slab vibration is an issue, such as laboratories and hospitals. Ribbed slabs are made up of wide band beams running between columns with equal depth narrow ribs spanning the orthogonal direction. A thick top slab completes the system. These are generally one way slabs. Waffle slabs tend to be deeper than the equivalent ribbed slab. Waffle slabs have a thin topping slab and narrow ribs spanning in both directions between column heads or band beams. The column heads or band beams are the same depth as the ribs. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Lightweight Higher formwork costs than for standard moulds and other Profile may be expressed architecturally, or used for heat transfer slab systems Fire resistance Slightly deeper members result in greater floor heights Good for services integration Slow. Difficult to prefabricate reinforcement

Construction
A concrete slab could either be prefabricated or cast in situ. Prefabricated concrete slabs are cast in a factory and then transported to the site ready to be lowered into place between steel or concrete beams. In situ concrete slabs are built on the building site using formwork. For reinforced concrete slabs, reinforcing steel bars are placed within the formwork and then the concrete is poured. Plastic tipped metal, or plastic bar chairs are used to hold the reinforcing steel bars away from the bottom and sides of the form-work, so that when the concrete sets it completely envelops the reinforcement. Formwork differs with the kind of slab. For a ground slab, the form-work may consist only of sidewalls pushed into the ground whereas for a suspended slab, the form-work is shaped like a tray, often supported by a temporary scaffold until the concrete sets.

Top: precast slabs put in place; Right in-situ cast

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