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2012


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photo art magazine.


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Thomas Newcomen,

. 1765 .., James Watt
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1800 .. Alessandro Volta,
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Etienne Lenoir Nicolaus
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Giovanni Battista della Porta (1558)
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20 8


300gr.
1816: Niepce
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1826: Niepce
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Daguerre Niepce
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Abel Niepce, Niepce.

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1868: .
Ducos dy Hauron Gross
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1879:
Eastman.
1880:
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1888: 1888
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GEORGE EASTMAN , ,

KODAK.
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KODAK
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. 1888
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC,
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1889:
Zeiss,
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1891:
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1895. .
1896. .
1904: .
1908: .
1911-1913 : 30

Leica 1925 .
1925: Leica .


.
1930:
Philo Taylor Farnsworth Vladimir Kosma Zoworykin.
1936: BBC.

1940:


.
1947

(slide) Ektachrome
Kodak.
1948:
Polaroid

,
Magnum.

1950: Photokina,
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1959: .

1972: CCD
Bell Systems .

1997: .
2000:

13x18
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1. :


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1826,

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2121/1993 ( 2387/1920)

3057/2002 ( 81) 3207/2003 ( 33).

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12. -
www.el.wikipedia.org
www.wikipedia.qwika.com
www.repository.edull.gr
www.photographyinfo.gr
www.spkolyvas.blogspot.com

www.sfrang.com

www,fotoartmagazine.gr

www.fmag.gr
www.print-photos-online.com
www.e-telescope.gr
www.Daguerre, .
www.paroutsas.photo

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