vl,kwfrmOD;av;

u|efremrnfuat;rmpef;yg// u|efrb0rSmqdk;0g;vSoavmuf}uHK&aom vlrsm;uvnf;vl

aumif;rsm;r[kwf}uIydkvdkhyif'k=awGh&_cif;ygay? u|efr. 'k=tp um;t_zpfr&Sdaom
a,musmf; udk,lrdaoma}umifh_zpf.//
'k=pa&mufonfhaehudkum;uefrb,faomtcgrSarhawmhrnfr[kwfay//
xdkaehurD;zdkacsmifwGif;oefh&iS f;a&;vkyf_yD;armvSo_zifhtdrfa&Sh{nfhcef;wGifa_cum;,m; vuf
um;,m;_zifhvSJaerdygonf// u|efra,musmf;udkoef;aiG(u|efruawmha,musmf;udk zGwf}um;
oef;aiG[komac:ygonf)
tJtJvdk&if;ra&mufbJ_zpfawmhrnf?
tdrfa&Sh{nfhcef;wGifvSJaewkef;b,fuaeb,fvdku|efrOD;av;OD;armifat;a&mufvmovJrodyg
bl;{nfhcef;xJ0ifvmygw,f// yHkrSefaehrsm;rSmu|efr OD;av;[maehv,faehcif; tdrfudk
_yefrvmwwfygbl;//olupwdk;qdkifydkif&SifwpfO;D yg//rdk;csKyfrS_yefvmwwfwmyg//
olu0ifvm
vm_cif;u|efrvSJae&mqDavSsmufvm&if;
ewfrdr,fav;a&xzdkhtcsdefwefya[h vdka_ymygw,f//
u|efrvJ @kwfw&ufqdkawmh trav; qdkukef;xzdkh_yifvdkufygw,f//
&efukefqdkwmuvJt_rJylaewwfwmr[kwfvm;@Sif/ ac|;awGxGufawmhtay:ubavmufudk
vnfyif;txdyifhxm;rdw,fav// aemufusoGm;ygw,f&Sif OD;armifat;( u|efruOD;av;
[komac:ygonf) uukef;xvdkhr&atmifu|efr&ifbwfudkvufjuD;eSifhzdumwGef;cs&if;
[D; [D; [D;
[kusufoa&uif;rJhvSpGm&,fvdkuf&m u|efrrSmvduf_ymvGifhrwwf vefhoGm;rdygonf@Sif// [ef
udkhzdkqdkwmvdk u|efru
OD;av;'Dtcsdefbmvdkh_yefvm&wmvJ [ka_ymrdygonf//
OD;armifat;uusufoa&uif;rJhvSpGm&,f&ifrS eifhapmufywfeHh&vdkha[h
[ka_ymvJa_ymu|efrbavmufatmuf&Sdekdh2vkH;tm;twif;yif_zpfnSpfaeyg.//
eifhuvdk;csifp&mjuD;udk[
tefcsifp&mt&ufeHhpl;pl;juD;uu|efreSmacgif;0odkhwdk;0ifvmygonf//
OD;av;t&ufrl;aew,fr[kwfvm; [ku|efrua_ym&if;twif;&kef;rdygonf//
OD;armifat;uekdh2vkH;tm;twif;_zpfnSpfae&mrSvufuatmufzufa&Ghvmumu|efr
aygifjum;xJvufudktwif;xdk;umeSdKuf_yefygonf//
t&ufrl;bmbl;[mrSef&kHav;bJ/ rSefvmawmhcscsifvma&m[
OD;av;v$wfaemfu|efratmfvdkufr,f eifhudkcscsifaewmjumvSbD

_idrf_idrfav;aeprf;[m/ eifhaygifudk_zJxm;prf; [ka_ymvJa_ym twif;

aygif2bufudk_zJ&efusdK;pm;ygonf//
OD;av;v$wfygroifhawmfygbl;/ wlrudk'Dvdkrvkwfoifhygbl; @Sif
OD;armifat;rSmu|efr a,musmf;zGwf}um;oef;aiG.OD;av;t&if;_zpfygonf//u|efr
a,musmf;zGwf}um;oef;aiGtvkwf_yKwfIaep&mr&Sdo_zifha_ymif;vm&_cif; _zpfonf//
u|efrrSmudk,f0efysufusaomajumifhtvkyfrvkyfedkifbJem;ae&onfrSmjumyg_yD//
tdrfoefh&Sif;a&;vkyfay;ygrnf[koabmwlo_zifhaehcGifhay;xm;_cif;_zpfonf//
_idrf_idrfav;aeprf;[m/ eifhvdktoufi,fi,fav;awGudkrvdk;&wmjumvSbD[
OD;armifat;ua_ym&if;eSifhu|efrcg;rSxrD;udktwif;qGJc|wfypfvdkufygonf//u|efrrSm
tdrfae&if;_zpfIatmufcH0wfrxm;yg// u|efruaygifudktwif;aphumuyfxm;.//
OD;armifat; ubavmufudkvJtwif;qGJumc|wfypf_yefygonf//
u|efr.abmfvDudk_Aef;ucJqGJ_zJ_ypfvdkufaomtcgwGifum;u|efrrSmrdarG;wdkif;zarG;
wdkif; _zpfoGm;ygonf//
OD;av; u|efrudk'DvdkrvkyfygeJh/ udkoef;aiGeJhwdkifr,f OD;armifat;u
u|efr.apmufywfudkvuf0g;juD;eSifhyGwfae&mrS wdkifr,f/ wdkifaygh/
ightdrfay:uarmif;csvdkufrSmaygh tm; tm; trav; emw,f&Sifh
OD;armifat;u u|efr.apmufywfxJodkrnSmrwmvufndl;ESifht&rf;xdk;vdkufo_zifh
u|efrrSmatmfvJatmf&kef;vJ&kef;rdygonf//
OD;av;&,ftdrfay:uarmif;cs&if u|efrwdkh'k=a&mufoGm;rSmaygh
u|efr.toem;cHrSKt&mra&mufItwif;&kef;aomfvnf;
OD;armifat;rSmtouf(50)cefhoefoefrmrmjuD; umrpdwfi,fxdyfwufaecsdefqdk
awmhb,fvdkrS&kef;Ir&ay//
eSmbl;juD;v$wfaemfv$wf eifuigha&ShrSmuvlodkh_rl
.odkhvkyfaewmjumbD u|efrwcgrSrvkyfbl;
atmifrm&if&Sm;juD;eJhigha&Shu_zwf _zwfa&SmufaewmubmvJ r[kwfvdkhvm;
OD;armifat;ua_ym&if;rS u|efr.edkhudkiHkhumpdkhvdkufonf// OD;armifat;uol.ykqdk;
udkvnf;c|wfcsvdkuf&m u|efrbk&m;wrdygawmhonf// vHk;ygwf(5)vufrt&Snf
(8) vufrrSs&SdrnfhvD;juD;urmefzaD eonfudkawGhvdkuf&aomajumifhyif//
junfhprf;'gjuD;eJhomqdkeifaqGrsKd;arhoGm;r,f
vD;juD;uvSkyf&rf;aeonfrSmtoJ,m;p&myif_zpfonf//
'DavmufjuD;wmjuD;eif_rifzl;&Jhvm; [m;[m;[m;
[kwfyu|efr a,musmf; zGwf}um;oef;aiG . vD;rSm&SdvSrS(5)vufraygh

 tm; v$wfrjunfhbl; [ku|efrua_ymvdkuf&aomfvnf;rsufvHk;rsm;rlrv$JedkifbJ

_zpfaeygonf// aemufqHk;ratmifhedkifawmhbJ
OD;av;[mjuD;u_rid;vD;juD;juaewmbJ [ka_ymrdygonf//
[kwfw,f [m;[m; eiftckcHcsifoGm;_yDr[kwfvm;
tdk; r[kwfbl; z,fyg &Sifh[muvlr[kwfbl; u|efraovdrfhr,f
OD;armifat;uedkhudkvJpdkhaeovdkvufuvJ u|efrapmufywfxJodkhvufndl;ESifhxdk;ae
wmudkvnf;r&yfbJw_ydKifeufvkyfae_cif;_zpfonf//
atmifrm_iif;aevJtvdk;cH&awmhrSmbJ [D;[D; [ka_ym&if;
OD;armifat;uae&m_yif&efrwfwyf&yfvdkuf&mu|efrutdrfcef;wGif;0ifa_y;&ef
twif;xa_y;&ef_yifvdkufyg onf//OD;armifat;utvpfay;aeonfr[kwf&um;
u|efrvufudkzrf;qGJumzdcsKyfxm;vdkufygonf//
OD;armifat;uaygifeSpfbufjum;wGif0ifumxdkifvdkuf&if;twif;uyfxmaom
aygifrsm;udkum;oGm;atmifvkyfvdkufygonf//
OD;av; u|efrudk'DvdkrvkyfygeJh v$wfyg&Sifh rvkyfygeJh
u|efruvufrsm;eSifhaygifjum;udktwif;zdtkyfxm;&if;awmif;yefrdygonf//
OD;armifat;.rsufvkH;rsm;rSmta&mifrsm;0if;0if;awmufaeumtouf&loHuEGm;odk;
waumif;tvm;_yif;xefvSygonf// OD;armifat;uu|efr.vufrsm;udkacgif;ay:
ausmfatmifqGJumtwif;zdxm;&memvGef;vSovdlu|efr&if2vHk;uvnf;_yl;aeum
cg&rf;ae&m OD;armifat;.pdwfudkydkIESKd;qGaeovdk_zpfaeygonf//
v$wfyg&Sifh v$wfyg&Sifh awmif;yefygw,f OD;armifat;
vD;juD;uaygifjum;wGif&rf;cg7if;[dkxdk;'Dxdk;eSifhxdrdaeygonf//
u|efrvnf;ajumufvGef;IESvkH;ckef_refvmygonf// &kef;&vGef;Ivnf;armvSygonf//
u|efrrSmtiftm;csif;rrsSo_zifhb,fvdkrS&kef;Ir&yg&Sif// OD;armifat;u&kef;aeaom
u|efrtm;junfhumrcdl;rcefh&,f&if;rS eifrvGwfygbl;[m&kef;raeprf;eJh
[ka_ymvdkuf&mu|efrrSm&SufvGef;Irsuf&nfrsm;aygufaygufusatmifyif
idkrdygawmhonf//
u|efr b0 wGif,ckavmuftm;udk;&mrJhr_zpfbl;wmtrSefyif//
u|efrvnf;juH&mr&IvGwfvdkvGwf_im;vufarmif;udktwif;udkufypfvdkufygawmh
onf// OD;armifat;u tm;acG;r udkufw,f [katmfvdkuf&if;vufudk&kef;z,f
vdkuf&mvufwGifaoG;rsmxGufvmygonf// OD;armifat;ua'gowjuD;_zifhtwif;
csKyfxm;&if;aygifjum;rS[_yJae_yD_zpfaomtaygufxJodkcsdefom;udkufaqmifhxdk;oGif;
vdkuf&m u|efrapmufywf;usOf;usOf;av;rSmuGJrwwf_yJ[oGm;&if; OD;armifat;.

vD;juD;rSm2vufrrsS0ifoGm;ygonf//
_Apf_Apf tm; tm; trav; aoyg_yD&Sifh tm; tm; t
[ki,foHygatmifatmfrdygonf//
OD;armifat;uatmfoHrqkH;rSDyifvufusef5vufr
cefhtm; wtm;aqmifhoGif;vdkuf&if; udkufOD;[macG;r [ka_ymvdkufygonf//
vD;juD;udkaqmifhoGif;vdkufoHum; _Apf_Apf bGwf [krnfygonf//
u|efrrSmemusifvGef;vSo_zifh toHrxGufeDkifawmhbJ tm; tm; tm;
trav;av; emvdkufwm u,fjuygOD; [kavoHrSsomxGufedkifawmhonf//
xdoGm;_yDr[kwfvm; [if acG;r [k OD;armifat;ua_ym&if;qufumqufum
aqmifhvdl;aeygonf// igudkudkufwm oifcef;pmbJrSwfxm;
[ka_ymvJa_ymaqmifhwmudkydkIyiftm;xnfhvdkuf_yefygonf//
t t a_z;a_z;&Sifh aoawmhr,f a_z;a_z;vkyfyg&Sifh t tm; t tD; tif;
[if; [if; emvdkufwm&Sifh
OD;armifat;unSmwmcsid;tvSsif;r&Sday// // OD;armifat;rSmaZmuvJoef
apmufzkwfav;uvJtrSefav;rdkhvdk;Iaumif;vGef;vSaomajumifhwtm;yifaqmifh
aeygonf//
tifh tifh tifh t tm; tm; td a_z;a_z; ygqdk
OD;armifat;um; u|efrpum;jum;[efr&Sday//aqmifhcsufrsm;uvnf;
jurf;wrf;vGef;vSygonf//
u|efrrSmacgif;ab;b,fnmcg&rf;Iwudk,fvSH;vSKyfcg&rf;aeatmifyifjurfwrf;vSyg
onf// wcgwcgaqmifh vdk;vdkufwdkif;tHjudwfumatmifhxm;&avmufatmifyif
jurf;vGef;vSonf//
aumifr aumif;vmbDr[kwfvm;[if
OD;armifat;ua_ymvdkuf&mbmyJa_yma_ymtrSefyifaumif;vmwmajumifh_iif;&efcuf
aeygonf// OD;armifat;aqmifhvdk;vdkufwdkif;emaumif;juD;_zpfaewmuawmh
_iif;r&edkifatmifyif_zpf.//
u|efrr&kef;edkifawmharmvJarm aumif;vJaumif; rdkh_idrfaerdygawmhw,f&Sif//
u|efr'Dtvdk;jurf;jurf;juD;udkoabmusvdk_zpfvmwmtrSefygbJ//
OD;armifat;uvJaqmifhaumif;wkef;ygbJ/ cGaqmifhaqmifhaeygwmrsm;
w[if;[if; toHxGufaeavmufatmifygbJ&Sif//
uJ eifhapmufywfxJvD;0ifaewmxdw,fr[kwfvm;
toufr&Skedkifatmif_zpfae&muu|efracgif;_idrfhrdygw,f pdwfqENuvludkv$rf;rdk;oGm;

wmygyJ&Sif// pdwfuwif;xm;ayrJhudk,fcENmuaumhaumhxdk;ay;aerdwmrsm;
&Sufp&mygyJ 'gayrJhb,fvdkrSrxdrf;edkifwmuawmhtrSefygyJ&Sif//
eifhapmufywfut&nfawGxGufvmbD[ vdk;vdkhaumif;vmbD[
vdkhOD;armifat;u a_ymygw,f u|efrvJ&SufwmeJhaocsifpdwfawmifaygufygw,f//
tm; tm; aumif;vdkufwm aumif;vdkufwm tJvdkav; vSKyfay;wm
aumif;vdkufwm/ eifa_ymawmhrvkyfygeJhqdk tD; tif; tif;
a_yma_ymaqmifhaqmifheJhvkyfaewmrsm;rem;wrf;ygyJ&Sif//
acG;juD; vl,kwfrmjuD; om;orD;_cif;rpmrem aocsif;qdk;juD;
bmvJeifhudkvdk; vdkhayghav [m;[m; 0efcHprf;bm aumif;w,fr[kwfvm;
ighvD;eJhawGhwJolwdkif;raumif;bl;vdka_ymwJholr&Sdbl;
r[kwfbl; r[kwfbl; u|efrudktJvdkra_ymeJh
rsuf&nfrsm;ydk;ydk;aygufaygufusatmifyifu|efridkrdygonf//
tm; t t tifh tifh u|efrudkb,fvdkawGvkyfaewmvJ&Sifh
eifhapmufywfudkvdk;aewma[h vdk;aewm[/ rif;uvJjudKufygw,fuGm
tD; tm;tm; td td t aqmifhaqmifh aumif;vmyD&Sifh aqmifhyg&Sifh
tckawmhu|efrudk,fu|efr r,HkedKifatmifygbJ OD;armifat;uaqmifh&if
u|efruaumhay;rdygawmhw,f&Sif//
u|efrb0rSm a,musmf;udkoef;aiGudkawmif'Dvdkpdwfygvufygr&Sdbl;ygbl;// u|efr
a,musmf; zGwf}um;oef;aiG juD;uawmhvkyf&ifvJcyfrSefrSefbJqdkawmhrwlbl;
aygh&Sif//
aumif;vmyD&Sifh aqmifhyg&Sifh aqmifhyg&Sifh aumif;vdkufwm t t [if; [if;
tm; tm; OD;av; vdk;prf;yg vdk;yg aqmifhprf;yg
OD;armifat;uaqmifhvdkufwkdif;wif;wif;usyfusyfjuD;0ifoGm;&kHru[dk;txJudkygxd
vSwmut&omxl;apwmtrSefygyJ OD;armifat;uu|efrvufudkv$wfvdkufyg_yD/
tckawmh&kef;zdhkowdr&awmhbJ OD;armifat;vnfyif;udkzuf_yD;aumhaumh
ay;rdwmu u|efrygyJ&Sif//
tdk; tdk; tdk; aygif_cif;wbwfbwfrnfatmifaqmifhaewmrsm;cHvdkhaumif;vS
ygw,f tckae u|efr a,musmf;udkoef;aiG_yefvmrSmawmifpdk;&drfaerdygw,f//
eifuvD;qmaewmr[kwfvm;
eifhaumifoef;aiGubmrSapmufoHk;uswmr[kwfbl;
aocsif;qdk;juD; a_ymraeeJhvkyfrSmomvkyfprf;yg/ tm; tm; t t _ref_ref _ref_ref
vdk;prf;yg&Sifh cs cs aqmifhaqmifh td t t td tm; aumif;w,f yD;awmhr,f

aqmifhaqmifh xGufukefbD xGufukefbD &Sifh tm; vm;vm; t t

OD;armifat;uvnf;aqmifh&if; aqmifh&if;okwfa&awGudkrxdrf;edkifawmhbJ
aoewfypfovdkqufumqufumaqmifhyef;xkwf&if;yD;oGm;ygawmh w,f&Sif
u|efrwudk,fvHk;vJtm;tifr&SdawmhatmifeSkef;csdaeygawmhw,f//
tm;tt OD;armifat;uvufuseft&nfrsm;nSpfae&if;auseyfpGmatmf
aeygw,f&Sif//
z,f z,f z,fawmh u|efruOD;armifat;udkarmhjunfh&if;a_ymawmh/
[aeygOD;[ r0ao;bl;wpfcsDavmufxyfcsOD;r,f
z,f z,f awmfyD awmfyD /
aeygOD;qdkrS ravmprf;eJhoef;aiGvJvmao;ygbl;
u|efr udkrw&m;usifh&wmr0ao;bl;aygh/ wpfcgawmfa&maygh&Sifh
rk'drf;aumifjuD;/ rk'drf;aumifjuD;/ rk'drf;aumifjuD;
[ [ at;rm igawmif;yefygw,f[m/eifhaumifoef;aiGudkeif_yefra_ym&ifawmh
'DtdrfrSmqufaevdk&ygw,f/ igay;aeygw,f
jo u|efrubma_ym&rSmvJ tm;&yg;&vnf;vkyfyD;rSbJ
a_ym_yD;x&yfvdkuf&maygifjum;rSemvdkufonfrSmqdkzG,fr&Sdatmifyif//
t t emvdkufwm
[m emaevm; vm vm igtcef;xJwGJydkhay;r,f [k OD;armifat;a_ym&if;
u|efrudktcef;xJydkhay;ygonf//
[kwfuJh'DwpfjudrfxJr[kwfao;ygbl; aemuf&ufawGrSmvnf; u|efr
udkrw&m;vkyfwmygbJa_ym_yygOD;r,f// tckawmharmvJarm
emvJemqdkawmhem;OD;rS_zpf r,f&Sif//
yxrydkif;em;