TS.

H Bo Quc 09/2010

PHN TCH THIT K H THNG THNG TIN

Gii thiu mn hc
Mc tiu : cung cp cho sinh vin kin thc v
Cc khi nim cn bn v h thng thng tin Phng php lun phn tch, thit k HTTT Cng c s dng trong phn tch, thit k HTTT

Gii thiu mn hc
Cc kt qu mong mun sau khi hc
Nm c cc khi nim ca h thng thng tin Nm c chu k pht trin ca mt HTTT Bit cch tip cn h thng Nm c phng php phn tch thit k mt HTTT
Phn tch yu cu M hnh ha Thit k

S dng c cc cng c h tr

Thng tin v mn hc
T chc nh gi
Thc hnh : 35% L thuyt
Bi tp c nhn : 10% n theo nhm : 10%

Thi cui k : 45%

Ti liu tham kho

David avison, guy fitzgerald. Information systems develoment: methodologies,techniques & tools, McGraw Hill - 4th edition, 2006. Kendall & Kendall. Systems Analysis and Design, Sixth Edition, Practice Hall, Inc, 2005 Alan L. Eliason. System Development Analysis , Design and Development, 1990. Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valicich. Modern Systems Analysis & Design, 1999

Ni dung mn hc
Cc khi nim cn bn
D liu, thng tin, tri thc H thng thng tin Phng php, m hnh ha, tru tng ha Cc cch tip cn pht trin h thng thng tin

Phn tch yu cu M hnh ha

M hnh ha d liu M hnh ha x l M hnh ha ng x (behavior)

Thit k tng th Thit k chi tit

CC KHI NIM CN BN

Thng tin (Information)

D liu (Data) : cc yu t ri rc nh:
Mt con s, v d : 125 Mt chui k t, v d Trn Hng o

Thng tin (Information)

Tp hp cc yu t d liu c truyn t ngun pht n ni nhn (communication)

Tnh cht ca thng tin

Tnh (Static) X hi (Social) C ng cnh (Contextual) c din dch (intepreted) Gii hn trong mt phm vi (limited by scope)

Ti bit bn tin rng bn hiu nhng g bn ngh l ti ni, nhng ti khng chc l bn nhn thc c nhng g bn nghe khng phi chnh xc l iu ti mun ni

Tri thc (Knowledge)

Tri thc l thng tin c din dch (theo mt cch no ) tr thnh s hiu bit Thng tin l cht liu to nn tri thc Mt c trng quan trng c thng tin v tri thc l s hiu bit (understanding) S hiu bit hnh thnh t hai yu t
ngha (meaning) Truyn thng (comunication)

Thng tin v tri thc

Thng tin Tnh c lp vi c nhn Tng mnh D dng nhn bn D dng qung b Khng c ngha ni ti Tri thc ng Ph thuc vo c nhn Ngm Phi c to li Th cng trc din ngha c gn bi c nhn

Khi nim h thng (System)

Mt h thng l mt tp cc thnh phn c lin h ni ti, cng vn ng, tng tc thc hin mt mc tiu xc nh no Cc c im ca mt h thng
Mc tiu Cc thnh phn Cc mi lin h ni ti gia cc thnh phn

Cc c im ca mt h thng
Mc tiu Bin gii (gii hn) Cc thnh phn Cc mi lin h ni ti gia cc thnh phn Mi trng Cc rng buc (lut) Giao tip Nhp Xut

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Phn r h thng
Phn r mt h thng phc tp thnh cc h thng con Mc tiu gip phn tch vin c th qun l tt cc h thng con C th tp trung vo tng nhm chc nng hay tng nhm ngi dng C th pht trin cc h thng con c lp nhau

Cc yu t trong phn r
Tnh n th (modularity) : chia h thng thnh cc n th nh Tnh lin kt (Coupling) : s lin kt gia cc n th Tnh cht ch (cohension) : s lin kt gia cc tc v trong mt n th

Hnh nh ca mt h thng
H thng Bin gii (phm vi)

- ng con hay H th thnh phn

Mi trng

T duy h thng (Holism)

T duy trn ton th h thng vi tt c cc thnh phn ca n v cc mi lin h gia chng Gi tr to ra ca h thng th ln hn s tnh tng n gin cc gi tr to ra t cc thnh phn ca n Cch tip cn phn r nhn thc

H THNG THNG TIN

H thng thng tin trong doanh nghip l g ?

Jame A. OBrien - Introduction to Information Systems McGraw-Hill-2007

nh ngha
L h thng thu thp, to v phn phi thng tin c ch trong mt t chc nhm thc hin tt chc nng nhim v ca t chc

Cc thnh phn ca mt HTTT

Cng ngh & h thng thng tin

H thng thng tin s dng my tnh
Mt loi cng ngh Cng ngh : bt k phng tin c kh hay in t gip h tr, m rng hay thay th hot ng ca con ngi Cng ngh thng tin : l cng ngh iu khin hay s dng thng tin

Mc ch ca HTTT l cung cp thng tin hu ch cho ngi dng

HTTT & CNTT

H thng thng tin l tt c cc thnh phn v cc ti nguyn cn thit phn phi thng tin cho cc cng vic ca doanh nghip Cng ngh thng tin l cc cng ngh x l thng tin : phn cng, phn mm, mng, phng php qun l d liu

Tch hp k nng v tri thc

Cng ngh (Technology)
Phn cng, phn mm, mng my tnh

Kinh doanh (Bussiness)

Kinh doanh, qun tr, x hi, giao tip

H thng
Tch hp, phng php pht trin, t duy phn tch, gii quyt vn ,

Khung tri thc cho hot ng doanh nghip

126

Ti sao cn HTTT
T ng : thc hin cng vic nhanh hn Hc cch t chc : thc hin cng vic tt hn Chin lc h tr : thc hin cng vic mt cch thng minh hn

CC LOI HTTT TRONG DOANH NGHIP

Cc cp quyt nh trong cng ty

Cp iu hnh (Executive level) Cc quyt nh di hn Cc quyt nh phi cu trc Cp qun l (Managerial level) Cc quyt nh thng hay tun Cc quyt nh bn cu trc Cp tc nghip (Operational level) Cc quyt nh hng ngy Cc quyt nh c cu trc

Cc cp quyt nh

Cc loi HTTT trong doanh nghip

H thng x l giao tc (Transaction Processing Systems) H thng thng tin qun l (Management Information Systems) H thng h triu hnh
H tr gip ra quyt nh (Decision Support Systems) H chuyn gia (Expert Systems)

Transaction Processing Systems

i tng : cc giao dch (Transaction) c s dng cp tc nghip Mc tiu : thc hin t ng cc hot ng x l thng tin lp i, lp li
Tng tc x l Tng chnh xc Nng cao hiu qu

H thng thng tin qun l (MIS)

i tng : cc nghip v qun l Phc v cho cp qun l V d :
H thng qun l k ton H thng qun l nhn s

Cc h thng h tr iu hnh
i tng : thng tin c tng hp Phc v cho cp iu hnh V d
H tr ra quyt nh H tr lp k hoch chin lc Qun l & d bo khng hong

1.35
myriam.lewkowicz@utt.fr 35

H thng thng tin tri qua cc cp

myriam.lewkowicz@utt.fr

36

H thng thng tin trong doanh nghip

H thng thng tin trong doanh nghip (tt tt.) .)

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Cc loi h thng thng tin doanh nghip

Cc ng dng c ng gi Cc ng dng c thch ng cho ph hp Cc ng dng t xy dng

Hoch nh ti nguyn doanh nghip (Enterprise Resource Planning - ERP)

Tch hp cc ng dng trong x nghip Mt s h ERP
Baan Oracle PeopleSoft SAP

Kin trc ng dng trong doanh nghip

Source: Adapted from Mohan Sawhney and Jeff Zabin, Seven Steps to Nirvana: Strategic Insights into e-Business Transformation (New York: McGraw-Hill,2001), p. 175.

741

M HNH, HNH, PHNG PHP

Ti sao cn phng php

H thng thng tin c pht trin thnh cng nu n t c hai mc tiu sau
Mc tiu v cht lng : p ng c nhu cu ca ngi dng Mc tiu v sn xut :
Hon thnh ng thi gian Khng vt qua chi ph d kin

Mt phng php gip

To mt khung pht trin tng th Xc nh c cc bc quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin Xc nh c cc bc no l nhim Xc nh mt th t thc hin cc bc Xc nh cc k thut v cng c s dng thc hin tng bc

nh ngha mt phng php lun

Avison & Fitzgerald (2006) nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca mt phng php lun gm: Mt chui cc pha thc hin Mt chui cc k thut s dng Mt chui cc cng c c th s dng Mt k hoch o to Mt trit l

Cc c trng ca mt phng php

M hnh k thut

M hnh qun tr

Mt phng php

M hnh k thut
Xc nh cc kyc thut v cng c cn thit cho cc pha tin hnh. S dng tng hp cc quan im m hnh ha
M hnh d liu M hnh x l M hnh ng x.

Cc cng c h tr phn tch, thit k (CASE tools)

M hnh qun tr
Xc nh cc yu t
Khi no (When) cc pha c thc hin (xc nh th t cc pha) Ci no (Which) l bt buc, ci no khng ? Lm th no (How) qun l cc bc Ci g (What) l kt xut ca mi bc.

M hnh ha
L mt biu din c n gin ha ca mt thc t phc tp vi mc tiu hiu thc t v c c tt c cc c trng cn thit ca thc t phc v cho cng vic hay vn ang cn gii quyt.(Brown,1997) V d
Bn thnh ph Bn v kin trc

Cc yu t quan trng ca m hnh ha

Cng c m hnh ha cho php ngi phn tch vin
Tp trung vo cc c trng chnh ca h thng v b qua cc vn ca trin khai phn tch yu cu vi chi ph thp v t ri ro Kim tra s hiu bit ca mnh v cc yu cu ca ngi dng thng qua biu din bng hnh nh ca h thng

CC CCH TIP CN PHT TRIN HTTT

Ba thnh phn quan trng ca mt HTTT

D liu (Data)
Ngun v cch m d liu c s dng

Dng d liu (Data Flow)

Dng d liu c lu chuyn trong h thng

(logic ca) X l (Processing Logic)

Tin trnh x l d liu (k c cc s kin lin quan)

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Cc chn la pht trin HTTT

T xy dng Mua cc h thng c ng gi Thu mt cng ty thc hin Cc ngi s dng t xy dng

Nguyn tc pht trin HTTT

Phn r h thng ln thnh cc h thng nh c th qun l c Tin trnh xy dng h thng
Xc nh vn ln cn gii quyt Phn nh vn ln thnh cc vn nh hn Tm gii php tin hc cho cc vn nh (t chc d liu + lp chng trnh Tch hp cc gii php nh thnh gii php tng th

Cc vai tr trong qu trnh pht trin h thng

Ngi nu yu cu/ngi dng (User) Phn tch vin (Analyst) Lp trnh vin (Programmer)

Cc yu t trong xy dng h thng

Phng php lun (Methodologies) : cc bc tin hnh xy duejng h thng K thut (Techniques) : cc k thut s dng thc hin cc bc trong qu trnh xy dng Cng c (Tools) : cc cng c my tnh (chng trnh) gip p dng cc k thut

Phng php phn tch thit k HTTT

Phn tch thit k HTTT l tin trnh phn tch, thit k, xy dng v bo tr h thng thng tin S pht trin
T ngh thut n k thut Cc phng php ngy cng c chun ha Theo cng s pht trin ca cng ngh phn mm

Cc phng php tip cn

Tip cn hng x l (Processingoriented)
Tp trung trn dng, s dng v chuyn d liu trong HTTT To cc biu din ha nh s dng d liu v cc biu D liu s c theo vt t ngun, qua cc bc trung gian v n ch cui cng Cu trc d liu khng c c t Bt tin : tp tin d liu c gn chc vi ng dng

Cc phng php tip cn

Tip cn hng d liu (DataOriented)
M t t chc d liu l tng, c lp vi vic s dng d liu M hnh d liu m t cc loi d liu v cc mi lin h gia chng Cc qui tc qun l m t lm th no thu thp v x l d liu

So snh 2 cch tip cn

c tnh Tp trung Hng x l H thng lm nhng g ? Khi no ? Hng d liu D liu cn cho h thng hot ng

Tnh bn vng ca thit k

t bn vng do cc hot ng ca h thng thng thay i Theo tng ng dng Khng kim sot, trng lp

Bn vng v cc thay i v d liu xy ra khng thng xuyn Cho c doanh nghip t trng lp

T chc d liu Tnh trng ca d liu

Vng i ca mt HTTT (Life Cycle)

Lp k hoch v chn h thng Phn tch h thng Thit k h thng Trin khai v khai thc h thng

Vng i ca mt HTTT (Life Cycle)

Vng i ca mt HTTT (Life Cycle)

Lp k hoch v chn h thng
Xc nh nhu cu Xc nh phm vi

Phn tch h thng

Xc nh cc yu cu To ra cc gii php thit k So snh cc gii php Khuyn ngh gii php tt nht

Vng i ca mt HTTT (IS Life Cycle)

Thit k h thng

Thit k logic (Logical Design)

Cc c t k thut (Technical specifications) Trin khai v khai thc

Thit k Vt l (Physical Design) Trin khai

Ci t phn cng v phn mm Lp trnh o to ngi s dng Lp su liu (Documentation)

Tp trung trn cc kha cnh kinh doanh ca h thng

Khai thc

Thay i h thng phn nh cc iu kin thay i H thng khng cn s dng c na

Cc cch tip cn khc

Xy dng mu (Prototyping)
Xy dng mt phin bn thu nh ca h thng Thun li:

Ngi dng tham gia vo thit k Nm bt cc yu cu mt cch c th

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

S dng vic xy dng mu (prototyping) cho n khi hiu r cc yu cu ca ngi dng

Joint Application Design (JAD)

Ngi dng, nh qun l v phn tch vin lm vic cng nhau Cc yu cu ca h thng c xem xt Cc cuc hp