DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SEAT RESERVATION SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF ARIK AIRLINE)

ABSTRACT This research work is centered on the design and implementation of seat reservation system for Arik Airline. It is meant to design a system that will automatically generate seat numbers for passengers. The system is designed using Microsoft visual basis 6.0 along side with Microsoft access which is used as the database of the system. The main objective for this design is to achieve the following, To ensure prompt allocation of airline seat reservation system for passengers, The Airline Seat Reservation System is to assist the airline with transactions related to making ticket reservations, which includes blocking, reserving, canceling and rescheduling tickets, Minimize repetitive work done by the system reservation clerks and to minimize the number of vacant seats on a flight and maximize flight capacity utilization. The justification of this system is meant to overcome the problems that were observed from the manual system that was used before now. It is therefore recommended that Arik airline should embrace this system so as to enhance their service delivering.

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY An Airline Seat Reservation System is part of the Passenger Service Systems (PSS), which are applications supporting the direct contact with the passenger. The Airline Seat Reservations System (ASRS) was one of the earliest changes to improve efficiency. The Airline Seat Reservations System (ASRS) eventually evolved into the Computer Reservations System (CRS). A Computer Reservation System is used for the reservations of a particular airline and

interfaces with a Global Distribution System (GDS) which supports travel agencies and other distribution channels in making reservations for most major airlines in a single system. Airline Seat Reservations Systems contain airline schedules, fare tariffs, passenger reservations and ticket records. An airline's direct distribution works within their own reservation system, as well as pushing out information to the GDS. A second type of direct distribution channel are consumers who use the internet or mobile applications to make their own reservations. Travel agencies and other indirect distribution channels access the same Global Distribution System (GDS) as those accessed by the airlines' reservation systems, and all messaging is transmitted by a standardized messaging system that functions on two types of messaging that transmit on a High Level Network. These message types are called Type A for remarks-like communications and Type B for secured information. Prior to deregulation, airlines owned their own reservation seat systems with travel agents subscribing to them. Today, the Global Distribution System (GDS) are run by independent companies with airlines and travel agencies as major subscribers. Before now, the entire system was done manually which involves a stressful process and at the same time waste time in the process of reserving seat for passengers. As a result of this problem encountered by Arik airline, it was

important to for the air line to computerize the system so as to enhance and prevent the short comings that were associated wit the manual system and to prevent rush. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM In the course of this research work, it was discovered that Arik air line was faced with some problems in terms of seat reservation for passengers that prompted the idea of computerizing the system. Some of these problems include: I. Inability to accommodate the pressure that is mounted on the air line by the

passengers in getting their seat. As a result of the manual system that was involve. II. III. IV. V. Wrong allocation of seat number to passengers Error in allocating a seat to more than one passenger Improper keeping of the reservation seat information Wrong handling of the information that lead to misplacement of the

information. 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives for this research work is as stated below I. II. To ensure prompt allocation of airline seat reservation system for passengers The Airline Seat Reservation System is to assist the airline with transactions related to making ticket reservations, which includes blocking, reserving, canceling and rescheduling tickets. II. Minimize repetitive work done by the system reservation clerks

IV.

Minimize the number of vacant seats on a flight and maximize flight capacity utilization

1.4

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The main purpose of this software is to reduce the manual errors involved in

the airline reservation process and make it convenient for the customers to book the flights as when they require such that they can utilize this software to make reservations, modify reservations or cancel a particular reservation. 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this research work is limited to seat reservation for passengers using Arik airline as a case study. 1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS An airline is a company that provides

Airline-

transport on airplanes for people and things. A company that has a fleet of airplanes that provides flights for passengers is an example of an airline Reservation- Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given up or brought forward.

Seat: Something, such as a chair or bench, that may be sat on Blocking This term refers to the temporary holding of a seat(s) on a flight for a specific period of time. The user incurs no cost for Blocking a ticket, but must make a decision at least two weeks prior to the date of departure. Confirming Process of changing a ticket from a

Blocked status to a bought status. Rescheduling This process means that the user is

allowed only to postpone the travel date and he has to pay the difference in fare. No other details can be changed through this process. For example the number of passengers cant be changed. Base Price This refers to the maximum price of a ticket, which usually is the price when the purchase is made at the last minute. This is used in arriving at the discounted price which depends on various factors like early bird booking etc.

Flight This refers to a one-way trip made by an aircraft from a particular to a particular destination at a particular time on a particular weekday. Flight Number This uniquely identifies a flight. Administrator Refers to an authorized official of the airline who has the authority to change and update the databases (ASRS). of the Airline Seat Reservations System

CHAPTER TWO 2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE American Airlines was the first to establish an automated booking system, in 1946. Using a system to track information and improve efficiency was a highly appealing aim in the industry and drew the attention of other airlines worldwide. The system endured years of development and alterations. Trans-Canada Airlines developed a computer-based system with remote terminals that eventually took

over operations in 1953. The same year, American Airlines worked closely with IBM to develop an improved system, and the Semi-Automatic Business Research System, or SABRE, launched in 1960. The network completed set-up in 1964, and it was recognized as the largest data processing system in existence. Later, other airlines invested more in research and development to launch improved systems, and through the late 1960s and early 1970s, airlines established their own systems. United Airlines developed the Apollo Reservation System and shortly after allowed travel agents access to it. The Apollo system was the foundation for many further developments, which spread to European airlines. The research and development of a computerized reservation system became a significant aspect of the industry and all its air carrier companies, and partnerships between airlines and technology gurus emerged. Today, several major airline reservations systems are used by international airlines. Airline reservation systems originated in the mid-1950s as relatively

unsophisticated internal systems to help with tasks such as seat assignments, maintenance scheduling, and aircraft loading. Modern airline reservation systems are multi-faceted, full-service systems that assist with a variety of airline management tasks and service customer needs from the time of initial reservation through completion of the flight.

Earlier, the Airline Reservation Systems (ARS) used to be standalone systems. Each airline had its own system, disconnected from other airlines or ticket agents, and usable only by a designated number of airline employees. Travel agents in the 1970s pushed for access to the airlines' systems. Today, air travel information is linked, stored, and retrieved by a network of Computer Reservations Systems (CRS), accessible by multiple airlines and travel agents. The global distribution system (GDS) makes for an even larger web of airline information, not only merging the buying and selling of tickets for multiple airlines, but also making the systems accessible to consumers directly. GDS portals and gateways on the Web allow consumers to purchase tickets directly, select seats, and even book hotels and rental cars. Airline Reservation System (ARS) in conjunction with Global Distribution System (GDS) has led to ease of airline ticketing, flight scheduling and also provided a means for customers to access and book flights from their homes. It has also increased the speed with which information about customers are retrieved and handled for flight scheduling tasks. Airline Reservation System (ARS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel. The systems was originally designed and operated by airlines, but were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Major ARS operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS). Airlines have divested

most of their direct holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their systems accessible to consumers through Internet gateways. Modern GDSes typically allow users to book hotel rooms and rental cars as well as airline tickets. It is obvious that everything that is sustainable would have to go through advancement. In science and technology, the desire for improvement is a constant subject which triggers advancements. This is visible in every ramification and the airline industry is not an exemption. Airline Reservation Systems (ARS) used to be standalone systems. Each airline had its own system, disconnected from other airlines or ticket agents, and usable only by a designated number of airline employees. Travel agents in the 1970s pushed for access to the airlines' systems. Today, air travel information is linked, stored, and retrieved by a network of Computer Reservations Systems (CRS), accessible by multiple airlines and travel agents. The global distribution system (GDS) makes for an even larger web of airline information, not only merging the buying and selling of tickets for multiple airlines, but also making the systems accessible to consumers directly. GDS portals and gateways on the Web allow consumers to purchase tickets directly, select seats, and even book hotels and rental cars.

2.1 HOW TO GET YOUR AIRLINE PREFERRED SEAT

How airlines assign seat is often a puzzle even for frequent fliers. Some small airlines that are able to avoid the joys of computers at check-in counters have left this process transparent by letting you choose your seat when you check in. The boarding passes are arranged according to the way the seats are arranged in the plane, so it is easy to choose. Other airlines allow you to print your own boarding pass and give you selection on the internet. But, however it is done, the real issue is to increase your odds of getting the seat you want. Different people have different strategies. Often though, seats in the middle of a row, or those close to the washrooms or service areas, or seats with the movie screen right on top of you with its glaring light... are seen by most as the seats to avoid. And if you don't take some action, the odds are you will get one of these! To be close to getting your preferred seat, here are some things you can try: Book early. Some airlines have allotted seats for different levels of bookings. When you book early, you may be able to reserve seats. You will also have a better chance of getting seats in the price level you want to book in. Some airlines limit the seats in some of the promotions and other packages. If you happen to book later and you are left the seat you would rather not have, frequently check the

airline internet site -- there might be seats that come up free and you would rather have that than what you have already booked. Enroll in the frequent flyer program. Choose the airline with a frequent flyer program linked with several other airlines you are most likely to use. Always try to fly with the airline group you have chosen, so each time you fly you get points. When you have enough points, you can use these for upgrades or if you fly often, you may get their gold or elite card and be given upgrade certificates. You will also get the privilege to request upgrades when you fly again with these airlines. Check out the seat map. Find out the type of airplane you are taking and go to internet sites that show you exactly the way the seats are configured. Even if youve been on that model of aircraft before, airlines line seats up differentlyso check your airlines web site. Think about aisle traffic. Try not to get between the entire cabin and the lone toiletespecially on a longer flight. Babies will be on bulkheads!!!! Avoid bulkheads anywayno place to put stuff under the seat. If its a long flight, do you really want to be trapped in a window seat? A little planning is worth it! If you are flying steerage (economy class) and you are over 6 feet tall, look at the seat pitch of the plane the airline is using on that route. Seat pitch is the measure of how much space there is between your seat and the one immediately behind or in front of you. An inch difference is a lot. You may decide to ask for an upgrade or

book a business class ticket when you figure out how much knee room you will have! If you have not much of a choice, get an aisle seat. At least, in between services, you can stretch out in the aisle. Some internet sites even tell you the seat numbers they prefer in some airlines; if you are on a long trip, doing some digging and finding this out will mean a lot of difference. You might also think that the economy seats closest to business class are great. If you go to the washrooms frequently, forget it. You will only get the smell of the business class growlers and have an even longer march to the ones you are allowed to use. In the dark or in a bumpy ride, it can be discomforting.

Look for exit rows. Usually, these rows next to an emergency exit have more leg room and sometimes the seat back in front of you has a restricted movement backrest. Check in early and go to the boarding gate on time . You can talk to the staff on duty and they may find you a better seat. If not, you can at least make your desire known so if a passenger fails to turn up, you may be the lucky one. If you really like to suffer, get on the plane late after all the overhead storage is gone! You now have NO place to put your feet! Wasnt that last drink at the Lounge Bar a great idea????

Ask if the plane is full when you check in . If it is not, chances are there will be rows of empty chairs available. Once you are on the plane, watch out for these as you are not the only one watching out. Talk to the flight attendantvery quietly and ask if its possible to move after the door closes. Once the plane's doors are closed, go for it if you see an empty spot that is better than your seat. Move and move fast. Dont take all your stuff -- you can go back for it. Even if the flight staff sends you back, and say, "Wait till after take off"leave some of your stuff there to show the others, THAT SEAT IS NOW MINE. Some real aggressors will even crawl on the floor to get to a favored seat when they are not allowed to stand up as the plane is taking off. Please dont do this! Most of the arms on plane seats can be swung up and you will have a good enough bed to stretch during your flight. Purchase a better seat. Some airlines offer economy plus seats at slightly higher prices than economy. This is often true of long flights to Hong Kong or Singapore from, say, New York. Book first class or business class tickets and you will surely like your seats. Some of the airlines now offer beds with privacy so that sleep will no longer elude you especially in flights lasting more than twelve hours. If this is business and you are expected to perform when you arriveinsist on this. A blown deal because you were flopping around is infinitely more expensive than a business class seat!

Whatever you do to secure good seats, don't forget to check the level of service in the airline you are getting your ticket from. If the service is good and friendly, they will go out of their way to give you a better seat. If the service is terrible, even with a good seat, you will still have a terrible flight. Unless you plan to cover yourself and snooze, find this out and have a great flight.

2.2 HOW TO RESERVE A SEAT ON AN AIRLINE

Having a reserved seat on an airline can make your journey more enjoyable whether you are travelling alone or with friends and family. You can choose window or aisle seats and sit in your preferred section of the aircraft. For groups traveling together, seat reservations can ensure that your group members are not isolated in different parts of the plane. There are some basic steps on how to achieve this purpose i. Sign up as a Mileage Plus member with United Airlines. You will need your Mileage Plus number to reserve seats online. This will also allow you to accumulate award miles with the airline. ii. Reserve a seat when you purchase your ticket online. United Airline's website offers a real-time seat map for its flights. Click on the "view seat map" option on

the flight's search page. When you have selected your flights, go to the review page and click "select seats" to confirm your reservation. iii. Log in to the "My Itineraries" section of the website and enter your mileage plus number if you want to reserve seats after you have booked flights. Select "view/modify" for your trip and then click on "seat assignment." You will then be offered a seat map showing your current seat assignment. You can then click on another seat on the map to indicate your preference and then close the seat map to save your reservation. If you booked through another website or travel agent, have them add your Mileage Plus number to your reservation and you will be able to amend online via "My Itineraries." iv. Use the Easy Check-in Online facility to reserve a seat prior to departure. This is only available in the 24 hours before your flight is due. v. Wait until 329 days before you travel to select a seat. You will not be able to reserve seats on bookings further in advance than this. BRIEF HISTORY OF ARIK AIRLINE Arik Air is a wholly-owned Nigerian airline with a commitment to the people of Nigeria to deliver new standards in aviation. Founded in 2002, it was the vision of Sir Arumemi-Ikhide, a leading and well-respected Nigerian businessman who understood that if business was to succeed, there needed to be efficiency and

quality of service. He had spent many years travelling throughout Nigeria without the satisfaction of knowing that he could depend on the existing choice of air transport services available to him. He also recognised the importance of AIRLINEy market competition in achieving efficiency. A plan for change was soon set in motion.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
MANAGING DIRECTOR DEPARTMNENTAL HEAD SERVICE HEAD ENGINEERS PILOTS CABIN CREW TECNICIAL S TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS

CHAPTER THREE 3.0 3.1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SYSTEM ANALYSIS

This system development can generally be thought of having two major components: systems analysis and systems design. In the system analysis of seat reservation system for Arik airline more emphasis is given to understanding the details of the existing system or a proposed one and then deciding whether the proposed system is desirable or not and whether the existing system needs improvements. Thus, the system analysis is the process of investigating the old system, identifying problems, and using the information to recommend improvements to the system so as to design a suitable one that will meet the need of the customers as well as the airline. 3.1 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system of Arik airline seat reservation was something that was done manually and was nothing to write home about. Before now, the system which was embarked upon was generally poor because of the process that was involved. The system was meant to allow customers or passengers to fill forms manually and

submit to the person in-charge of the process of assigning seat for passengers. Most times, the officer in charge find it difficult to assign the appropriate seat to the passengers and some time module everything up by assigning one particular seat to two passengers thereby causing a big problem and delay in flight. This was as a result of human error and this gave room for the new system to be design and implemented. 3.2 PROBLEM OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

Some of the problems faced by the airline in achieving her set goal in terms of managing and reserving seat for passengers are as stated below: i. ii. iii. iv. 3.3 Assigning one seat to two passengers The process was slow due to the volume of forms to be attended to Delaying passengers in meeting up with their engagement Slow rate in processing passengers information OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The airline reservation seat system is a software application to assist an airline with transactions related to making ticketing reservations, which include blocking, reserving, canceling and rescheduling ticket. And at the same time minimize repetitive work done by the system administrator and reservation clerks. Maintain consistency among different access modes, e.g. by phone, by web, at the information desk and across different physical locations. Maintain customer information in case of emergency, e.g. flight cancellation due to

inclement weather. The profile can also be used by the airline company to track user preferences and travel patterns to serve them better, plan routes, for better marketing and efficient scheduling of flights. 3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN

The purpose of this system design is to create a technical solution that satisfies the functional requirements for airline seat reservation system in Arik airline. The system is design in such a way to electronically assign seat to customers or people that are ready to book for flight. And the system is design using Microsoft visual basic 6.0 to design the interface as well as the codes that are meant to control the functionality of the entire software. 3.5 INPUT ANALYSIS

The input analysis for the seat reservation system in Arik airline involves the type of data that is to be collected from the passenger embarking on the journey, With the help of this information from the passenger the system can assign a particular seat for that person with is name attach to that particular seat. Such information can include Name, Sex, Destination, Ticket Number e.t.c.
NAME: DESTINATION DEPARTURE. ARRIVAL TICKET NO. SEX:

3.6

OUTPUT ANALYSIS

This is determined from the information that is collected from the passenger and then inputted into the system for processing so as to get the assign seat reservation for the passenger. And this can be given to the passenger as a slip printed out from the system indicating all the information of the passenger and at the end of the slip is the seat reserve for the passenger.
NAME SEX SEAT RESERVATION DESTINATION

3.7

JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEW SYSTEM

The new system is design in such a way that it is able to meet up and achieve its set objective for Arik air line. In the sense that, it was able to overcome all the problems that were traceable to the old system of operation. And in using the system it was found that the system was more reliable that the old system which involves manual reservation of seat for passengers. 3.8 DESIGN APPROACH

The developed design approach of this new system is illustrated by the means of a program segment of modules which is broken down into the input, processing and output module. Whereby the input involves the entering of information using any of the input device, while the process is done within the central processing unit

which in turn gives out the result either on the screen or on a hard copy (printed out) 3.8.1 DESIGN SPECIFICATION The purpose of a Software Design Specification (SDS) is to define the software that is to meet the functional requirements for the project. It is the stage at which the supplier specifies the detailed design of the software system, produces the program code to realize that design, tests the individual programs and integrates them into the complete software system. 3.8.2 INPUT DESIGN This stage depend on how the output of the system will be thus, the method of data entry into the computer system was defined, such as appending of records into the database of the system. The input design for this software is shown below. The input approach enables the input to the system and then access what processing operation s are needed to convert data to specific output.
Passengers Name Departure l Arrival Seat reservation No

3.8.3 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION

The output design is done in such a way that, the end result of the system is meant to display all the necessary information that was entered during the cause of data entry, which includes of the passenger which can be used for decision making by the airline. The output is meant to display the number of the seat reserved for the passenger 3.9 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

The software requires some system to work properly with which can enhance the proper use of the system. These system requirements are divided into two. They are: I. II. Hardware requirement Software requirement

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT This is the physical structure of the computer that we can feel and touch with our hand. Some of these components are I. II. III. IV. Pc computer e.g Pentium M Input devices e.g keyboard, mouse etc. Output devices e.g printer monitor Uninterrupted power supply

CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 4.1 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM IPLEMENTATION

The implementation of this new system begins after the management has accepted the new system. It follows the detailed design state and consists of installation of the new system and removal of the old system. This involves the co-ordination of the efforts of the user department and the AIRLINE record department in getting the new system into operation. During the process of implementing the new system, the old system is also used in line with the new system in the AIRLINE so as to support the newly implemented software in case the system does not meet up with the necessary requirement or unable to perform as expected. The implementation of the new system involves the following stages I. II. III. Testing of the program Education and training of staff System change over plan

4.2

DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF PROGRAM

Developing this software is a step by step process and the processes are together called as Software Development Lifecycle. There are totally some steps involved in the software development and each step has a set of process specifically. Some of the steps are I. II. III. Planning Analysis Design

The products working form is tested for defects. Testing is almost final part in the development process. The last time adjustments are made in the software before giving the software to the end user. The person who performs this testing is known as testers. 4.3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF STAFFS

The training of the staffs that will make use of the system or implementing its capabilities must be done swiftly so as to elude lapses. Handouts on the use of the computerized system will be given out so that the users of the system will have an eroded confidence when using the system; although the system is designed in a very simple way and can be operated by anyone with little or no knowledge of the operations of the system.

4.4

SYSTEM CHANGE OVER PLAN OR SCHEDULE

Before a new system is implemented in full, the new system must be tested thoroughly. Individual part of the system would have been checked and accepted; staff would have been trained in the new procedures. Then it is time to change over from the current system to the new system. The different types of change over are I. Direct changeover: The direct changeover approach causes the changeover

from the old system to the new system to occur immediately when the new system becomes operational. It is the least expensive but involves more risks than other changeover methods. II. Parallel operation: The parallel operation changeover method requires that

both the old and the new information systems operate fully for a specified period. Data is input to both systems and output generated by the new system is compared with the equivalent output from the old system. When users, management, and IT group are satisfied that the new system operates correctly then the old system is terminated. It is the most costly changeover method and involves lower risks. III. Pilot operation: The pilot changeover method involves implementing the

complete new system at a selected location of a company. Direct changeover method and operating both systems for only the pilot site. The group that uses the new system first is called the pilot site. By restricting the implementation to a pilot

site reduces the risk of system failure as compared with is less expensive than a parallel system. IV. Phased operation: The phased operation changeover method involves

implementing the new system in stages, or modules. We can implement each subsystem by using any of the other three changeover methods. In this approach risk of errors or failures is limited to the implemented module only as well as it is less expensive than the full parallel operation. For implementing child AIRLINE information system we can use above methods but there are some advantages as well disadvantages of using these systems, which are explained below: Direct changeover:

Advantage
As we know AIRLINE centre does not have enough funds for implementing the new system so it would be easier to implement direct changeover method in the AIRLINE centre.

Disadvantage

This method of system changeover involves more risks of total system failure and it is preferred for commercial software packages. So if there is a system failure in AIRLINE centre then it will be difficult to store information of child who visits AIRLINE centre. And if there is no proper storage then there will be incorrect reports and monitoring of childs AIRLINE will not be properly done. Parallel operation:

Advantage
The advantage of parallel system is lower risk of system failure so all the tasks can be done properly at AIRLINE centre. If the new system does not work properly, the AIRLINE centre can use the old manual system as a backup until appropriate changes are made.

Disadvantage
As we know parallel system is the most costly changeover method as both old and new systems operate fully for specified period and we also know that the budget of AIRLINE centre is also low so it will be difficult for AIRLINE centre to follow this changeover process.

Pilot operation:

Advantages
Pilot operation is combination of both direct changeover and parallel operation, which restricts the implementation to a pilot site and reduces risk of system failure as compared with a direct changeover method. Operating system only at pilot site is less expensive than parallel operation for entire AIRLINE centre and all AIRLINE centers. If we use parallel approach to complete the implementation then the changeover period can be much shorter if system proves successful at the pilot site so a lot of time will be consumed at AIRLINE centre in implementing the new system.

Disadvantage
This method is also costly as compared to the direct changeover.

Phased operation:

Advantages
As we know in this method we have to implement the new system in stages, or modules, which is less prone to risk of system failure or errors at AIRLINE centers, as failure is limited to the implemented module only. It is also less expensive than parallel system because we have to work only with one part of system at a time.

Disadvantage
As the system, which we are implementing, involves various phased operation like treatment, measuring weight, registration, vaccination etc so it can cost more than the pilot approach. 4.5 DOCUMENTATION

The documentation of the software includes all of the documents describing the system itself. It is a written text that accompanies the computer software. It either explains how it operates or how to use it, or may mean different things to the staffs in the

AIRLINE using the software. This is what the researcher means when using the term software documentation. When creating the software, code alone is insufficient. There must be some text along with it to describe various aspects of its intended operation. It is important for the code documents to be thorough, but not so verbose that it becomes difficult to maintain them. Several How-to and overview documentation are found specific to the software application or software product being documented by the programmer. This documentation may be used by developers, testers and also the end customers or clients using this software application from the requirements specification to the final acceptance test plan. The documentation describing the design, implementation and testing of a system are essential if the program is to be understood and maintained. With the help of the documentation adjustment can easily be made on the system by making reference to the software documentation. 4.6 MAINTENANCE

This is the virtual last part or stage in the software development process. Actually is a continuous process and a tough process too. Large amount of money is spent on maintenance of the software. The developer of the software deploys a team to maintain the software they have developed. And this normally occurs when there is any need for update and adjustment of the software.

And most times, the maintenance is usually carried out by the software developer or the IT personal that is trained to carry out the maintenance in the Airline. The maintenance of the software also refers to the modification of the software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes. A common perception of maintenance is that it merely involves fixing defects. THE IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE The importance of this software maintenance is categorized into four classes Adaptive dealing with changes and adapting in the software environment I. Perfective accommodating with new or changed user requirements which concern functional enhancements to the software II. III. Corrective dealing with errors found and fixing it Preventive concerns activities aiming on increasing software

maintainability and prevent problems in the future In the process of carrying out maintenance on the software, there are some factors that must be considered before such an act can be carried out. Some of these factors are: I. II. Error prone modules Manual change control methods

CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 5.1 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION SUMMARY systems originated in the mid-1950s as relatively

Airline reservation

unsophisticated internal systems to help with tasks such as seat assignments, maintenance scheduling, and aircraft loading. Modern airline reservation systems are multi-faceted, full-service systems that assist with a variety of airline management tasks and service customer needs from the time of initial reservation through completion of the flight. This system of seat reservation helps the Airline to manage passengers booking and intend to embark on a trip without having seat problem. This research work was carried out to design an effective system that will help to bring about adequate, fast and swift system for reserving seats for passengers. 5.2 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the automated system for seat reservation using Arik Airline as a case study will be of great importance to the airline due to the fact that most organizations and company today are relied upon as a result of their service delivery and because of this, they always get patronage from people because of the orderly manner they attend to their customers. As this, Arik Airline is meant to

satisfy her customers by providing adequate seat reservation system by using an automated system. 5.3 RECOMMEDATION

From the findings during this project, the researcher wishes to make the following recommendation 1. Personnel Management: Expert in the field of keeping records with the background knowledge of information technology should be recruited in the IT department of the Airline. Such orientation should be carried out before the installation and formal utilization of the system. 2. Resources: in addition to human resources, the available resources for the implementation of this project should be provided. 5.4 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

In the process of carrying out this research work, some problem were encountered which stopped me from making a concrete presentation of my research. Some of these problems are

was very difficult for me to have access to some of the required information

ould have made the research work more comprehensive. One of the things

ad to it was because I was not granted free access to their resource manager

would have been of great help to me in giving some necessary information

the airline.

other problem that was associated with my inability for me to access the

mation from the Airline was because I did not go to the airline with a written

rom my supervisor of my project clearly stated that am carrying out research.

cause of this I was not given free access to information.

REFERENCE Baye E.N, (1998). Seat booking and allocation system for passengers. Adeyomi Printing Press. Ibadan, Nigeria Elwood F. H. W. (1996). Fundamentals for reserving seat for passengers Oxford University Press. USA Kelly D, (2001), The role of Airline system in Nation building Donaldson publication Limited, Uk McDonald I. R. (1995): The system of flight booking analogy Portal publication int. USA

Odiagba E, (2004) : The poor rate of seat booking in Nigeria Adams publications, Ikeja Lagos Patrick U. (2001): How to improve on airline reservation system Ajax publication, Sokoto State Ruth M. (1999) An advance way for implementing flight system Maxwell publication, Canada APPENDIX APPENDIX 1: Program Flowcharts

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start Is password valid Yes login user stop stop Input password

SOURCE CODE Option Explicit Public LoginSucceeded As Boolean Private Sub cmdCancel_Click() 'set the global var to false 'to denote a failed login LoginSucceeded = False Me.Hide End Sub Private Sub cmdOK_Click() 'check for correct password If txtPassword = "oruma" Then 'place code to here to pass the 'success to the calling sub 'setting a global var is the easiest LoginSucceeded = True Unload Me HOME.Show Else MsgBox "Invalid Password, try again!", , "Login" txtPassword.SetFocus

SendKeys "{Home}+{End}" End If End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() Text1.SetFocus On Error Resume Next With Adodc1.Recordset .MoveFirst .Find "REG_NO ='" & Text1.Text & "'" If .EOF Then MsgBox ("No records found"), , "Find Record" End If End With Dim Response As Integer Response = MsgBox("Do you want to find another record?", vbYesNo) If Response = vbYes Then Text1.Text = "" Text1.SetFocus Else End If End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me HOME.Show End Sub Private Sub Label40_Click() If Label40.Caption = "DRUG VALIDATED" Then Randomize Label44.Caption = Int(Rnd * 9999) End If End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() dan = Text5 dan1 = Text2 dan2 = Text3 dan3 = Combo4 dan4 = Combo5 dan5 = Combo6 dan6 = Combo11

dan7 = Combo17 dan8 = Combo16 dan9 = Combo15 dan10 = Combo14 dan11 = Combo13 dan12 = Combo12 dan13 = Combo20 dan14 = Combo19 dan15 = Combo18 dan16 = Combo21 dan17 = Combo27 dan18 = Combo26 dan19 = Combo25 dan20 = Combo24 dan21 = Combo23 dan22 = Combo22 dan23 = Combo28 dan24 = Combo3 Unload Me VALIDATION.Show End Sub Private Sub cmdexit_Click() Me.Hide End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() Unload Me REGISTRATION.Show End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me RETRIEV.Show End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Unload Me NAFDACNO.Show End Sub