ONT Mod 2-Lesson 1 - Edited

Cisco VoIP Implementations
ONT Module 2 Lesson 1 - Introducing VoIP Networks
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2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
CCNP ONT
Bachkhoa Networking Academy
Objectives
Introduction Traditional Telephony Describe the benefits of a VoIP network. Describe the components of a VoIP network. Describe the legacy analog interfaces used in VoIP networks. Describe the digital interfaces used in VoIP networks. Explain the 3 phases of call control. Compare and contrast distributed and centralized call control.
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Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com
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Introduction Traditional Telephony
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Traditional Telephony - Call Signaling
Call signaling include: Supervisory, address, and informational signaling

ONT 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Supervisory Signaling
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Address Signaling
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Basic Call Progress

The progress of a telephone call with loopstart signaling in place can be divided into five phases: Onhook
Offhook
Dialing Switching
Ringing
Talking.
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On-Hook
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Off-Hook
350- and 440-hertz [Hz] tones played continuously
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Dialing
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Switching
440 and 480Hz tones
Busy signal consists of 480- and 620-Hz tones
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Ringing
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Talking
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Informational Signaling
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Pulse Dialing
Pulse Dialing is an inband signaling technique. It is used in analog telephones that have a rotary dialing switch
The large numeric dialwheel on a rotarydial telephone spins to send digits to place a call.
Each pulse consists of a "break" and a "make", which are achieved when the local loop circuit is opened and closed.
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DTMF Dialing
DTMF dialing is an inband signaling technique just like pulse dialing. This technique is used in analog telephone sets that have a touchtone pad. This dialing technique uses only two frequency tones per digit, as shown in Figure
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DTMF Dialing - example
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Digital vs. Analog Connections
Supervisory, address, and informational signaling must be carried across both analog and digital connections.
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Benefits of a VoIP Network

More efficient use of bandwidth and equipment Lower transmission costs Consolidated network expenses Improved employee productivity through features provided by IP telephony:
IP phones are complete business communication devices. Directory lookups and database applications (XML) Integration of telephony into any business application Software-based and wireless phones offer mobility.
Access to new communications devices (such as PDAs and cable set-top boxes)
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Components of a VoIP Network

Provide XML-based services to IP phones (directory services.)
for conferences call control, CAC, bandwidth control, and address translation MGCP,H323,SIP SCCP
Gateways interconnect the VoIP network with traditional telephony devices Gatekeeper: Optional, provide Call Admission Control (CAC) Translates telephone numbers or names to IP for call routing H.323 Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com
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Components of a VoIP Network

Analog Phone vs IP Phone
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Legacy Analog Interfaces in VoIP Networks

Gateways use different types of interfaces to connect to analog devices, such as telephones, fax machines, or PBX or PSTN switches. Analog interfaces that are used at the gateways include these three types:
Foreign Exchange Station (FXS) Foreign Exchange Office (FXO) Ear and Mouth (E&M)
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Legacy Analog Interfaces in VoIP Networks

1 5 2 4
3
1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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The gateway serves a telephone and a fax machine using two FXS interfaces. For these two devices, the router acts like a PBX or a PSTN switch. The router connects to the PSTN using an FXO interface. For this connection, the router acts like a telephone toward the PSTN. Another FXO interface connects to a PBX (PBX-1). Again, the router acts like an end system toward the PBX, and hence uses the same port type as the telephone and fax that connect to PBX-1 use. A second PBX (PBX-2) connects to the router FXS interface. For this connection, the PBX behaves like a telephone toward the router, and the router acts like a PSTN switch. Finally, the router connects to another PBX (PBX-3), this time using an E&M interface. On this trunk connection, both the router and PBX-3 act as a PBX.
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Digital Interfaces
Gateways can use digital interfaces to connect to voice equipment. From a hardware perspective, there are BRIs and T1 and E1 interfaces available. All of the interfaces use TDM to support multiple logical channels.
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Call Setup
Checks call-routing configuration Determines bandwidth availability

If bandwidth is available, setup message is passed
If bandwidth is not available, busy signal is generated
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Call Maintenance
Tracks quality parameters:

Packet loss
Jitter
Delay
Maintains or drops call based on connection quality
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Call Teardown
Notifies devices to free resources Resources are made available to subsequent calls
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Stages for Completing a VoIP Telephone Call
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Distributed Call Control

Supervise call: For quality, R1 terminate if Quality too low then inform R2 Terminate call: R1 know Phone on-hook, R1 inform R2 terminate
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Centralized Call Control

Supervise call: For quality, R1 terminate if Quality too low then inform CA Terminate call: R1 know Phone on-hook, R1 inform CA
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Self Check
1. Which type of call control uses a call agent to route the call?
2. What is a DSP? 3. Name 3 types of analog interfaces used at gateways. 4. What are the 3 components of basic call control? 5. What phase of call control involves determining if bandwidth is available to place the call?
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Summary
Introduction Traditional Telephony Describe the benefits of a VoIP network.
Describe the components of a VoIP network.

Describe the legacy analog interfaces used in VoIP networks.
Describe the digital interfaces used in VoIP networks.

Explain the 3 phases of call control. Compare and contrast distributed and centralized call control.
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Q and A
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Resources
Waveform Coding Techniques
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_n ote09186a00801149b3.shtml
VoIP Overview (NetBit)

http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wirele ss_mobile/kbs/voip_kb.html
IP Telephony Basics http://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/white_pape rs/4070web.htm
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ONT Mod 2-Lesson 1 - Edited

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Cisco VoIP Implementations

ONT Module 2 Lesson 1 - Introducing VoIP Networks

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

Introduction Traditional Telephony

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

Traditional Telephony - Call Signaling

Call signaling include: Supervisory, address, and informational signaling

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

Basic Call Progress

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

350- and 440-hertz [Hz] tones played continuously

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

440 and 480Hz tones

Busy signal consists of 480- and 620-Hz tones

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

DTMF Dialing - example

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

Digital vs. Analog Connections

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com

Bachkhoa Networking Academy

Benefits of a VoIP Network

Hc vin mng Bch Khoa - www.bkacad.com