TRNG I HC IN LC KHOA IN T VIN THNG

N TT NGHIP

Cng ngh truyn hnh thng qua mng internet-IPTV

on Vit Tip Sinh vin thc hin: C5-TVT Lp: Ging vin hng dn: Phan Th Thanh Ngc

H NI Nm 2009

TRNG I HC IN LC KHOA IN T VIN THNG

N TT NGHIP
Chuyn ngnh in t vin thng

Cng ngh truyn hnh thng qua mng internet-IPTV

on Vit Tip Sinh vin thc hin: C5-TVT Lp: Ging vin hng dn: Phan Th Thanh Ngc

H NI Nm 2009

MC LC
Ni dung Trang

Mc lc .................................................................................................................. i Danh mc cc t vit tt ....................................................................................... ii Danh mc cc hnh v (nu c) ........................................................................... iii Danh mc cc bng biu (nu c) ....................................................................... iv M u .................................................................................................................. 1 Chng 1 Tng quan v mng vin thng 1.1. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mng vin thng............................................. 2 1.1.1. Cu trc mng vin thng ................................................................... 5 1.2. c im.................................................................................................... 9

Kt lun chung .................................................................................................... 81 Danh mc ti liu tham kho .............................................................................. 82 Ph lc

M U

Nhng tin b trong cng ngh, nhng i mi trong c s h tng truyn thng trn ton th gii v nhu cu ngi dng cng ngy cng gia tng ang thc y xu hng to ra mt phng tin s chung, n gin - mt nn tng thng nht trn ton cu, c kh nng truyn dn cc thng tin s di bt k hnh thc no qua cc mng bng rng. Tin trnh ca cuc cch mng truyn thng ang tr thnh hin thc ny c gi l s hi t s. Trong khi thut ng hi t s c dng (m c l l dng sai) trong nhiu nm ni v cc n lc hp nht cc cng ngh no , th r rng n l thut ng thch hp nht cho cuc chuyn i hnh mu mang tnh cch mng ang xy ra trong th gii vin thng hm nay. Vi s ra i ca truyn hnh giao thc Internet (IPTV), tm nhn ca mt nn tng truyn thng vn nng ang nhanh chng tr thnh hin thc. Tin trnh bin i cc mng phn pht ni dung ang din ra trong nhiu th trng, ni cng ngh giao thc Internet v cng ngh nn tin tin ang dn n cc dch v mi y tin dng nh vic hp nht video, m thanh, hot hnh v cc loi a phng tn khc vi truyn thng thoi, d liu v Internet truyn thng thnh mt nn tng vn nng c c mt cng ng rng ln chia s nhm lm phong ph cc loi hnh gii tr cho khch hng ca n. Kt qu cui cng ca s hi t ny l mt th trng tng trng nhanh chng cung cp cc ni dung theo yu cu, cc ng dng phong ph v cc loi hnh gii tr tng tc c nhn ho ti cc gia nh, cc xe t, v cc thit b cm tay, tt c u l c th nh Giao thc Internet da trn cc mng truyn thng.

Chng 1:

GII THIU CHUNG

1.1 LCH S PHT TRIN INTERNET V TNG LAI MNG NN IP: Internet l mt h thng thng tin ton cu c th c truy nhp cng cng gm cc mng my tnh c lin kt vi nhau. H thng ny truyn thng tin theo kiu ni chuyn gi d liu (packet switching) da trn mt giao thc lin mng c chun ha (giao thc IP). H thng ny bao gm hng ngn mng my tnh nh hn ca cc doanh nghip, ca cc vin nghin cu v cc trng i hc, ca ngi dng c nhn, v cc chnh ph trn ton cu Mng internet mang li rt nhiu tin ch hu dng cho ngi s dng,mt trong cc tin ch ph thng ca internet l h thng th in t(email),tr chuyn trc tuyn(chat),my truy tm d liu(search engine),cc dch v thng mi v chuyn ngn,v cc dch v v y t gio dc nh l cha bnh t xa hoc t chc cc lp hc o online. 1.1.1 S hnh thnh v pht trin ca internet: 1.1.1.1 Thi k phi thai Nm 1969 B Quc phng M xy dng d n ARPANET nghin cu lnh vc mng,theo cc my tnh c lin kt vi nhau v s c kh nng t nh ng truyn tin ngay sau khi 1 phn mng c ph hy Nm 1972 trong 1 cuc hi ngh quc t v truyn thng my tnh,Bob Kahn trnh din mng ARPANET lin kt 40 my thng qua cc b x l giao tip gia cc trm cui(Terminal Interface Processor-TIP). Cng nm ny nhm interNET Working Group (INWG)do Vinton Cerf lm ch tch ra i nhm p ng nhu cuthit lp giao thc bt tay(agreed-upon).Nm 1972 cng l nm Ray Tomlinson pht minh ra E-mail gi thng ip trn mng.T n nay,Email l mt trong nhng dich v c dng nhiu nht

Nm 1973,mt s trng i hc ca Anh v ca Na-uy kt ni vo ARPANET.Cng vo thi gian i hc Harvard,Bob Metcalfe phc ha ra tng v Ethernet(mt giao thc trong mng cc b) Thng 9/1973 Vinto Cerf v Bob Kahn xut nhng c bn ca internet. chnh l nhng nt chnh ca giao thc TCP/IP Nm 1974 BBN xy dng giao thc ng dng Telnet cho php s dng my tnh t xa. Nm 1976 phng th nghim ca hng AT&T pht minh ra dch v truyn tp cho mng FTP Nm 1978 Tom Truscott v Steve Bellovin thit lp mng USENET dnh cho nhng ngi s dng UNIX. Mng USENET l 1 trong nhng mng pht trin sm nht v thu ht nhiu ngi nht. Nm 1979 ARPA thnh lp ban kim sot cu hnh internet. Nm 1981 ra i mng CSNET(Computer Science NETwork) cung cp cc dch v mng cho cc nh khoa hc trng i hc m khng cn truy cp vo mng ARPANET. Nm 1982 cc giao thc TCP v IP c DAC v ARPA dng i vi mng ARPANET.Sau TCP/IP c chn l giao thc chun. Nm 1983 ARPANET c tch ra thnh ARPANET v MILNET.MILNET tch hp vi mng d liu quc phng,ARPANET tr thnh 1 mng dn s.Hi ng cc hot ng internet ra i,sau ny c i tn thnh Hi ng kin trc internet 1.1.1.2 Thi k bng n ln th nht ca internet Nm 1986 mng NSFnet chnh thc c thit lp,kt ni nm trung tm my tnh.y cng l nm c s bng n kt ni, c bit l cc trng i hc.Nh vy l NSF v ARPANET song song tn ti theo cng 1 giao thc,c kt ni vi nhau.

Nm 1990, vi t cch l 1 d n ARPANET dng hot ng nhng mng do NSF v ARPANET to ra oc s dng vo mc ch dn dng, chnh l tin thn ca mng internet ngy nay.Mt s hng ln bt u t chc kinh doanh trn mng. n lc ny i tng s dng internet ch yu l nhng nh nghin cu v dch v ph bin nht l E-mail va FTP.Internet l 1 phng tin i chng. 1.1.1.3 Bng n ln th 2 vi s xut hin ca WWW Nm 1991 Tim Berners Lee trung tm nghin cu nguyn t chu u(CERN)pht minh ra World Wide Web(WWW)da theo tng v siu vn bn c Ted Nelson a ra t nm 1985.C th ni y l 1 cuc cch mng trn internet v ngi ta c th truy cp,trao i thng tin 1 cch d dng,nhanh chng. Cng vo thi gian ny NSFnet backbone c nng cp t tc 44736Mbps.NSFnet truyn 1 t t byte/thng v 10 t gi tin/thng Nm 1994 l nm k nim ln th 25 ra i ARPANET,NIST ngh thng nht dng giao thc TCP/IP. WWW tr thnh dch v ph bin th hai sau dch v FTP.Nhng hnh nh video u tin c truyn i trn mng internet. WWW vt tri hn FTP v tr thnh dch v c s lu thng ln nht cn c trn s lng gi tin truyn v s byte truyn.Cc h thng quay s trc tuyn truyn thng nh CompuServe,AmericanOnline, Prodigy bt u kh nng kt ni internet. Thng 10 nm 1994 Tp on truyn thng Netscape cho ra i phin bn beta ca trnh duyt Navigator 1.0 nhng cn cng knh v chy rt chm. Hai cng ti tr thnh i th ca nhau,cnh tranh th trng trnh duyt.Ngy 11 thng 6 nm 1997,Netscape cng b phin bn trnh duyt 4.0.Ngy 30 thng 10 cng nm c Microsoft cng cho ra i trnh duyt ca mnh phin bn 4.0.

Thng 7 nm 1996,Cng ti Hotmail bt u cung cp dch v Web Mail.Sau 18 thng c 12 triu ngi s dng v v th c Microsoft mua li vi gi 400 triu d la. Trin lm internet 1996 World Exposition l trin lm th gii u tin trn mng internet. Cc chng trnh duyt web thng dng thi im nm 2007 l Internet Explorer c sn trong MS window ca Microsoft Mozilla v Mozilla Firefox ca tp on Mozilla Netscape Brower ca Netscape Opera ca Opera Software Safari trong Mac OS X,ca Apple computer Maxthon ca MySoft Technology Avant Brower ca Avant Force(Italy) Vit Nam,internet chnh thc xut hin nm 1996,khi t di s qun l duy nht ca 1 IPX l Tng cng ty Bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam-VNPT. 1.1.1.4 Mng khng dy ngy cng ph bin Nm 1985,C quan qun l vin thng ca M quyt nh m ca mt s bng tn ca gii phng khng dy,cho php ngi s dng chng m khng cn giy php ca chnh ph.y l bc m u cho cc mng khng dy ra i v pht trin rt nhanh.Ban u cc nh cung cp cc thit b khng dy dng cho mng LAN nh Proxim v Symbol M u pht trin cc sn phm c quyn,khng tng thch vi cc sn phm ca cc cng ti khc.iu ny dn n s cn thit phi xc lp 1 chun khng dy chung. Nm 1997, mt tiu ban tin hnh thng lng hp nht cc chun v ban hnh chun chnh thc IEE 802.11.Sau l chun 802.11b v chun 802.11a ln lt c ph duyt vo cc nm 1999 v nm 2000. Thng 8 nm 1999 su cng ti gm intersil,3Com,Nokia,Aironet,Symbol v Lucent lin kt to thnh

lin minh tng thch Ethernet khng dy VECA.Thut ng Wi-Fi ra i,l tn gi thng nht ch cng ngh kt ni cc b khng dy c chun ha 1.1.2 Tng lai pht trin mng nn IP: 1.1.2.1 Nhu cu ca s pht trin: Trn mng c nh (fixed) ang din ra mt qu trnh hi t v cng ngh v dch v gia mng vin thng v Internet da trn k thut chuyn mch gi IP, thut ng NGN- mng th h sau c nhc n rt nhiu trong nhng nm gn y. Internet cng ang pht trin tng ngy, t cc modem tc thp, n nay pht trin nhiu phng thc truy nhp tc cao v linh hot hn trong Wireless-LAN thc s l mt thch thc vi mng di ng tuy kh nng di ng cnhnch. ng trc s pht trin ca Internet cng vi cc dch v phong ph mi ca mng c nh, cc nh cung cp dch v di ng khng th tho mn vi mng di ng 2G hin ch c ng dng thoi v nhn tin ngn SMS. Nhiu t chc vin thng ln v cc t chc chun ho quc t c gng a ra mt kin trc mng di ng mi nhm thch ng linh hot vi s pht trin ca cng ngh IP, c th p ng tt nhu cu ca khch hng v cc dch v mi. 3GPP l t chc m v chun ho mng di ng trong th h mi vi vic nghin cu v a ra cc khuyn ngh chomngdingtrnconngtintishit. 3GPP tin hnh cc nghin cu cho cc mng di ng khc nhau nhng u hng ti mt ci ch chung, l mng di ng th h th 3(3G). Mt lot cc khuyn ngh, xut cng c ITU chp nhn trong b tiu chun v 3G (IMT2000). Mt s cng ty ln cn thng bo pht trin ln mng 4G, mc d cha c nhng khuyn ngh v nh ngha c th no v 4G nhng c th hiu y l mt mng di ng hi t gia 3G v Wireless-LAN cung cp cho khch hng bng thng rt cao v kh nng di ng ton cu trn c s cng ngh IP.

Hnh1.1Xu hng cng ngh thng tin khng dy Xu hng tin n 3G khng phi l s thay i hon ton v cng ngh m l c gng nng cp tng bc cc mng ang tn ti nhm m bo s tng thch cngnhtrnhsutvtqusccanhkhaithc.Vit Nam cng ang trong qu trnh tin ti th h mng di ng 3G, tin hnh cc nghin cu l thuyt, ban hnh cc tiu chun v cc giao din mng, xut phng n trin khai th nghim 3G Vit Nam v cng trin khai th nghim 3G trong phm vi hp trnmngcaMobifone,Vinaphone. Cc nh khai thc mng di ng hin ti v mt s nh cung cp dch v di ng mi (Viettel, SPT, ETC..) thc hin vic nng cp mng hay trang b mi vn da trn l trnh t 2G ln 2.5G ri n 3G m cha mt nh khai thc no c s u t trc tip vo 3G. 1.1.2.2 Th h mng ca tng lai-4G Systems S nghin cu v pht trin lu di bt buc cn c s nh hng thng mi ho.Hin ti l thi im bt u th k mi,l thi im ph hp tho lun h thng 4G cho tng lai,c th c p dng vo nhng nm 2010.

Theo khuyn ngh ca DNR(the Vision Preliminary Draft of New Recommendation(DNR) of ITU-R WP8F),chc chn s tip tc pht trin nng cp IMT-2000 c th h tr nhiu hn cc ng dng,sn phm,dch v.V d:dung lng ca IMT-2000 dng sng mt t c th ln n 10Mbps,d on c th nng ln cao hn,xp x 30Mbps.Mc d tc d liu b gii hn bi iu kin tn hiu v mi trng truyn dn.H thng 3G IMT-2000 theo ITU(The International Telecommunicationg Union)s c nhng yu cu cho k thut,thit b khng dy mt t vo nhng nm 2010.iu ny s b sung cho h thng enhanced IMT-2000 v cc h thng khng dy ni chung c mi quan h mt thit vi nhau.Kh nng ca giao din radio s h tr c xp x 100Mbps cho thit b u cui di chuyn nhanh v 1Gbps khi di chuyn chm. Tc d liu,mc tiu nghin cu v iu tra trn k thut cn thit thc hin thi c cc yu cu trn.H thng trong tng lai theo yu cu v tc s liu,cng chung vi IMT-2000 s nng cao gia truy nhp khng dy v cc h thng vin thong nh wireless personal arena networks(PANs),LANs,truyn hnh s,v truy nhp c nh khng dy(fixed wireless access). C s xy dng ngy hm nay cn p ng cc yu cu v dch v trong tng lai,nh vn giao thng,v k thut truy nhp radio 1.1.2.3Kt lun tng lai mng th h mi Nh vy,tng lai mng s l hi t,Tuy cc mng thnh phn c mi trng truyn dn khc nhau nhng u hng ti mt im chung.Hi t cc mng trong mng duy nht,vi mng li l mng IP

Hnh 1.2 Cu hnh h thng t bo 4G 1.1.3 Ethernet Ethernet l mt h ln v a dng gm cc cng ngh mng da khung d liu (frame-based) dnh cho mng LAN. Tn Ethernet xut pht t khi nim te trong ngnh vt l hc. Ethernet nh ngha mt lot cc chun ni dy v pht tn hiu cho tng vt l, hai phng tin truy nhp mng ti phn MAC (iu khin truy nhp mi trng truyn dn) ca tng lin kt d liu, v mt nh dng chung cho vic nh a ch. Ethernet c chun ha thnh IEEE 802.3. Cu trc mng hnh sao, hnh thc ni dy cp xon (twisted pair) ca Ethernet tr thnh cng ngh LAN c s dng rng ri nht t thp k 1990 cho ti nay, n thay th cc chun LAN cnh tranh khc nh Ethernet cp ng trc (coaxial cable), token ring, FDDI (Fiber distributed data interface), v ARCNET. Trong nhng nm gn y, Wi-Fi, dng LAN khng dy c chun ha bi IEEE 802.11, c s dng bn cnh hoc thay th cho Ethernet trong nhiu cu hnh mng.

1.2 LCH S PHT TRIN CA IPTV S pht trin ko ngng ca internet ko theo l rt nhiu dch v.Trong ni bt v ang c xu hng pht trin mnh l cng ngh IPTV-dch v truyn hnh bng rng qua kt ni internet.IPTV h 3mng dch v quan trng hin nay l voice,data,video.IPTV-Internet Procol TV-l mng truyn hnh kt hp cht ch vi mng vin thng,Ni rng hn IPTV l dch v gi tr gia tng s dng mng bng thng rng IP phc v cho nhiu ngi dung(user).Cc user c th thng qua my tnh PC hoc my thu hnh ph thng cng vi hp phi ghp set-topbox(STB) s dng dch v IPTV.IPTV l cng ngh truyn dn hnh nh k thut s ti ngi s dng(NSD)qua internet bng rng.Ngoi cc dch v truyn hnh qung b thng thng,Video theo yu cu(Video on demand-VoD),IPTV cn h tr s tng tc gia ngi xem vi chng trnh v y cng chnh im c bit v hp dn nht ca IPTV.Khng n thun l truyn hnh nh truyn hnh cp truyn thng,IPTV l 1tng th chui cc dch v truyn hnh c tnh tng tc.Ngoi vic t do la chn chng trnh hay phim mun xem,NSD c th tham gia cc cuc hi tho t xa,chi game,mua hang qua TV hoc vit blog video(vlog),nhn tin qua TV...

Hnh 1.1 S khi mng IPTV

1.2.1 S pht trin trn th gii: Nm 1994, World News Now ca ABC c bui trnh chiu truyn hnh qung b qua mng Internet u tin, s dng phn mm CU-SeeMe videoconferencing. T chc lin quan n IPTV u tin xut hin l vo nm 1995, vi s thnh lp Precept Software bi Judith Estrin v Bill Carrico. H thit k v xy dng mt sn phm internet video gi l "IP/TV". IP/TV l mt MBONE tng thch vi cc ng dng trn Windows v Unix, thc hin truyn m thanh, hnh nh thng qua c giao thc unicast v IP multicast RTP/RTCP. Phn mm ny c vit bi Steve Casner, Karl Auerbach, v Cha Chee Kuan. H thng ny c Cisco Systems mua vo nm 1998 v Cisco gi li tn "IP/TV". AudioNet bt u tin hnh nghin cu live webcasts vi WFAA-TV trong thng nm 1998, v KCTU-LP vo mng 10 thng 1 nm 1998. Kingston Communications, mt nh cung cp dch v vin thng UK, trin khai KIT (Kingston Interactive Television), v IPTV qua mng bng rng DSL vo thng 9 nm 1999 sau khi th nghim dch v TV v VoD. Nh cung cp ny thm dch v VoD vo h thng trong thng 10 nm 2001 vi h thng Yes TV. Kingston l mt trong nhng cng ty u tin trn th gii trin khai IPTV v IP VoD qua mng ADSL. 1.2.2 IPTV Pht trin Vit Nam: Vit Nam, cc knh truyn hnh cp v analog ch c th ph sng trong nc cn truyn hnh k thut s qua v tinh (DTH) cn c khon u t ln mi c th pht trin ra th gii. Do , li th ca IPTV l tn dng h tng mng Internet sn c v kh nng kt ni ton cu. Ngi dng cn c th xem li mi chng trnh h thch m khng b l thuc vo thi gian pht sng ca i. Mt s knh truyn hnh trc tuyn ang tm li i ring khi m nhng dch v tin ch ca truyn hnh truyn thng cha tha mn nhu cu ca thi i cng ngh s. Song song vi s pht trin v dch v ADSL, nh nc cng c chnh

sch m hn, cho php t nhn tham gia vo lnh vc sn xut chng trnh v s hu cc knh truyn hnh ring. Hin nay, iTV l dch v truyn hnh theo yu cu duy nht ti Vit Nam do FPT cung cp. Tn hiu c truyn qua h tng mng ADSL v thng qua b gii m truyn thng ln TV. Ngoi nhng tin ch thng thng, iTV cn cho php xem li cc chng trnh pht trong vng 48 gi ca nhiu knh ni ting. Trong khi , ch c NetTV.vn, do cng ty DINIL v Tng cng ty truyn thng a phng tin Vit Nam (VTC) pht trin, l knh truyn hnh trc tuyn thi gian thc trong nc u tin. Nhng chuyn mc nh Cng ngh v cuc sng, Th trng tiu dng, Mua sm, m thc... u c NetTV t dn dng v sn xut c lp ch khng mn li chng trnh ca cc knh khc. Theo b Nguyn Mai Anh, Gim c truyn thng ca NetTV, mt trong nhng tr ngi cho s pht trin IPTV ti Vit Nam l yu cu ng truyn ADSL phi t trn 300 Kb/giy trong khi cc h gia nh thng chn gi dch v gi r vi tc ch bng 1/3. Tuy nhin, Vit Nam nm trong s nhng quc gia chu c mc tng trng Internet cao, l c s gii truyn thng tin tng vo tng lai ca m hnh truyn hnh ny trong khong 5 nm ti.

Chng 2

TNG QUAN V IPTV

2.1 NH NGHA: IPTV - Internet Protocol TV - l mng truyn hnh kt hp cht ch vi mng vin thng. Ni rng hn IPTV l dch v gi tr gia tng s dng mng bng rng IP phc v cho nhiu ngi dng (user). Cc user c th thng qua my vi tnh PC hoc my thu hnh ph thng cng vi hp phi ghp set topbox s dng dch v IPTV. Truyn hnh Giao thc Internet (IPTV) l thnh phn truyn hnh ca phm vt a phng tin m n cng c th bao gm c Internet, in thoi, tr chi (gaming), di ng mng t bo v/hoc cc dch v ni mng gia nh. Trong bi cnh bi vit ny, IPTV khng phi l lung truyn hnh c pht qung b qua Internet, m l mt phn ca mt dch v c qun l ton din cung cp ti mt c s thu bao qua mt mng khp kn.Rt c th y l mng bng rng ca mt cng ty in thoi ang hot ng, c pht trin cho truyn thng thoi v d liu, v ang nhanh chng chuyn qu sang mt mng a phng tin hi t s nh s dng IPTV phn pht ni dung truyn hnh. B m nh bi ni lo ngi rng cc nh khai thc truyn hnh cp s v ang hng n cc th trng in thoi ng dn ca mnh, cc nh khai thc truyn thng ang nm ly IPTV nh mt v kh khng ch chng li cuc tn cng ca truyn hnh cp m cn nm bt nhng khon li nhun mi t th trng m khng phi ch mi y h mi phc v. Li th chnh ca IPTV l n c kh nng cung cp tri nghim truyn hnh phong ph hn nhiu cho cc khn gi thng qua kh nng nh a ch v tnh nng tng tc ca n. Trong th gii si ng ca ngy hm nay, thu bao mun xem ci g h mun, khi no h mun v u h mun. Thay v phi tr tin cho cc knh khng my khi c xem, do kh nng nh a ch ca n, IPTV cho

php nh cung cp dch v phn pht ti thu bao ch nhng knh m thu bao mun xem. Chng trnh l sn c cho bt k ngi no mun xem n v vic nh gi theo tng mn s tr thnh quy chun. c tnh c o v hp dn nht ca IPTV l trin vng ca tnh nng tng tc ca n. Khng ging nh hu ht cc kin trc truyn hnh cp truyn thng, dch v IPTV i hi cc ng truyn thng hai chiu gia thu bao v nh cung cp dch v. i vi IPTV, phng tin truyn thng l giao thc Internet qua mng bng rng ca nh cung cp dch v v n cho php thu bao truy nhp ni dung truyn hnh theo t hng cng nh ni mng tr chi, hi ngh video, ni mng gia nh, mua hng theo catalog, video theo yu cu, tin tc theo yu cu, dy hc tng tc v nhiu hn na. Ngc li, nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp qung co c mc ch, chng trnh tp trung v cc tnh nng gi tr gia tng khc b sung thm dng li nhun ca h. Cc cng ty in thoi ng i hin ang th bt li khi so snh vi cc nh khai thc a dch v (MSO Multiple Service Operator) l nhng nh c th cung cp dch v ba th loi (Thoi, Internet v Truyn hnh). ng hn l h ang trong mt cuc ua t c s ngang bng v dch v video vi cc nh khai thc truyn hnh cp v ang coi IPTV nh mt nn tng phn pht truyn hnh mi c tnh cht cch mng v cnh tranh cao, ng thi kt hp tnh tng tc v cc ng dng gi tr gia tng khc, tt c u c th c gi gn trong nn tng bng rng hin c ca h. Hin c hai phng php chnh thu tn hiu truyn hnh Internet. Th nht, s dng my tnh kt ni vi dch v truyn hnh IPTV nhn tn hiu sau chuyn i thnh tn hiu truyn hnh truyn thng trn nhng chic TV chun. Th hai, s dng mt b chuyn i tn hiu (set top box). Thc cht b chuyn i tn hiu ny cng ch ng vai tr nh mt chic PC nh phng php th nht. Tt nhin cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh chc chn s c nhng sn phm TV c th kt ni v thu nhn tn hiu truyn hnh trc tip t ng truyn

Internet.Bn cnh ngi dng cn c th cn c chng kin s pht trin ca truyn hnh IPTV khng dy. y khng cn l chuyn d bo tng lai m tr thnh hin thc n gin kt ni Internet khng dy c th IPTV cng khng dy c. IPTV c 2 c im c bn l: da trn nn cng ngh IP v phc v theo nhu cu. Tnh tng tc l u im ca IPTV so vi h thng truyn hnh cp CATV hin nay, v truyn hnh CATV tng t cng nh CATV s u theo phng thc phn chia tn s, nh trc thi gian v qung b n hng (truyn t mt trung tm n cc my tivi thu bao). Mng CATV hin nay ch yu dng cp ng trc hoc lai ghp cp ng trc vi cp quang (HFC) u phi chim dng ti nguyn bng tn rt rng. Hn na k thut ghp ni modem cp hin nay u sn sinh ra tp m. So vi mng truyn hnh s DTV th IPTV c nhiu i mi v dng tn hiu cng nh phng thc truyn b ni dung. Trong khi truyn hnh s thng qua cc menu nh trc (thm ch nh trc hng tun, hoc hng thng) cc user la chn, th IPTV c th cao cht lng phc v c tnh tng tc v tnh tc thi. Ngi s dng (user hoc viewer) c th t do la chn chng trnh TV ca mng IP bng rng. Vi ngha ng ca phng tin truyn thng (media) gia server v user.

2.1.1 H thng IPTV

Hnh 2.2M hnh chi tit v h thng cung cp dch v IPTV H thng gm cc khi chc nng chnh sau y: - H thng cung cp ni dung: cung cp ngun d liu thu, nhn v x l cc d liu chng trnh t cc ngun khc nhau nh v tinh, truyn hnh mt t v cc ngun khc chuyn sang h thng Head-end. -H thng Head-end: thu, iu ch v gii m ni dung hnh nh v m thanh t cc ngun khc nhau v s dng cc thit b m ha (encoder) chuyn i ni dung ny thnh cc lung d liu IP khun dng m ha mong mun. Hin nay tn hiu video ch yu c m ha MPEG-4/H.264 m bo tc kh thp, cho php trin khai tt trn mng truy nhp xDSL. Cc chng trnh sau khi c m ha s c phn phi ti khch hng trn cc lung IP Multicast qua mng truy nhp v mng li IP. Cc chng trnh ny c th c mt m bi cc h thng bo v ni dung. Ty vo chng trnh c chn, STB ca khch hng s chuyn ti lung multicast tng ng s dng giao thc Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP).

Cc thnh phn ca mt Head-End: 1. Cho thu v tinh v anten mt t (Satellite dishes and off-air antennas). 2. B nhn v gii m tn hiu v tinh (Satellite receivers) 3. B s ha tn hiu hnh (Digital encoders): m ha tn hiu hnh theo chun nn video hoc MPEG-2 hoc H.264. - H thng Middleware: c vai tr gn kt mt s thnh phn logic thnh mt h thng phn mm IPTV/video hon chnh hn. H thng Middleware cung cp giao din NSD cho c dch v bng rng v theo yu cu. H thng ny cng c s dng nh phn mm lin kt tch hp cc sn phm t cc nh cung cp khc nhau thnh mt mc ng dng. Middleware cung cp kh nng qun l thu bao, ni dung v bo co hon chnh cng vi cc chc nng qun l EPG v STB, ng thi vn duy tr tnh m cho vic tch hp cc dch v trong tng lai. Middleware l h thng iu khin trung tm ca dch v IPTV, n thc hin chc nng giao tip vi STP theo c ch ch - khch (client-server) iu khin, cung cp ni dung v p ng yu cu dch v ca STP.

Server Middleware: Qun l ni dung video To/Thay di/ Xa ti khon ngi dng To giao din Web, giao din ni dung video nh ngha th loi tnh cc iu khin truy cp ca khch hng p ng yu cu dch v ca khch hng X l phin lm vic Qun l bn quyn ni dung chng sao chp v phn phi ni dung bt hp php Chun on li t xa Client STP

Giao din ngi dng nh: chng trnh truyn hnh, th vin phim theo yu cu Hin th s ch gi (caller ID) trn mn hnh TV Giao in web TV Nhn v tch hp tnh hiu iu khin t b iu khin t xa (remote control) Bn quyn (licence) Middleware thng c bn theo s lng ngi dng cui v mi middleware ch lm vic tt vi mt s STB nht nh (c nh sn xut middleware th tt), do nh cung cp dch v vin thng cn cn nhc khi mua middleware. Bn cnh nh cung cp thit b cn xy dng i ng xy dng v ti u giao din ngi dng ph hp nhu cu cung cp dch v. - H thng phn phi ni dung: Bao gm cc cm my ch VoD v cc h thng qun l VoD tng ng, cho php lu tr cc ni dung c m ha v thit lp cc chnh sch phn phi ni dung mt cch mm do. H thng ny thng c thit lp phn tn, cho php nh khai thc m rng mt cch kinh t, ph hp vi ti v yu cu dch v ca cc thu bao. Tn hiu video s c pht qua lung IP multicast ti STB v thng qua giao thc RSTP khch hng c th dng tn hiu hoc tua ngc, xui tng t nh xem qua u DVD. -H thng qun l bn quyn s (DRM): DRM gip nh khai thc bo v ni dung ca mnh, nh trn cc tn hiu truyn hnh hay m ha ni dung VoD, khi truyn i trn mng Internet v tch hp vi tnh nng an ninh ti STB pha thu bao. DRM dng bo mt ni dung cc kha gii m ca cc thu bao. Nhng ni dung c ti trn nhng my ch ni dung s c m ha trc bng h thng DRM v n cng cng ch m ha ni dung broadcast bo mt s phn b n Set-top Box (STB). H thng c kh nng h tr chc nng m ho trong cc Headend tng ng v cung cp kho mt m cho cc Headend ny. H thng DRM cha kho cho phn ni dung ca mt c s d liu kho ng thi b mt phn phi c s d liu ny ti STB. H thng DRM cng s h tr thm vo phn ni dung cc chc nng th thut trong khi xem (tua nhanh, tua li, v.v...).

H thng DRM s da trn cc khi nim ca h thng c s h tng kho cng cng (Public Key Infrastructure, PKI). PKI dng cc th k thut s X.509 xc nhn mi thnh t trong h thng DRM ng thi m ho an ton d liu c dng cc kho chung/ring. - Mng truyn ti: H tng mng IP bng rng truyn dch v t nh cung cp n khch hng. Ngoi yu cu mng li tc cao trn nn cng ngh IP, m bo cht lng cho dch v IPTV hin nay phn mng truy nhp thng s dng cc ng truyn nh cp quang, xDSL. Trong thi gian ti, vi s pht trin ca mng truy nhp v tuyn bng rng v cc kin trc mng mi, dch v IPTV s c cung cp cho c cc thit b di ng. - Set-top Box (STB): Thit b u cui pha khch hng cho php thu, gii m v hin th ni dung trn mn hnh TV. STB cng c th h tr HDTV, c kh nng kt ni vi cc thit b lu tr bn ngoi, video phone, truy nhp Web. Hp STB thc hin 3 chc nng sau: 1. Ni tip vo mng bng tn rng, thu pht v x l s liu IP v lung video. 2. Tin hnh gii m lung video MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV, Real... m bo video VOD hin th ln mn hnh ti vi cc s liu... 3. Phi hp vi bn phm m bo HTML du lch trn mng, tin hnh gi nhn email. Hp STB m nhim cc nhim v trn ch yu da vo b vi x l.

Hnh 2.3 set-top-box

- H thng qun l mng v tnh cc: H tr qun l mng v tnh cc cho dch v IPTV ca khch hng.

Hnh 2.3 H thng IPTV hon chnh

2.2MNG TRUYN DN: 2.2.1 Mng trc (Core Network) C 2 vn cn quan tm: 1. Bng thng truyn ti lung d liu VoD, ln n vi chc Gbps. 2. Chn la giao thc nh tuyn Multicast thch hp. Cng ngh Ethernet vi kh nng x l d liu ngy cng cao, chi ph cng r cho php nh cung cp dch v vin thng u t h tng mng d dng. Tuy nhin,

vn tnh ton m bo bng thng cho mng trc l cc k quan trng v phc tp (xem tnh ton bng thng mng) i hi cng tc d bo nhu cu chnh xc v thc t khai thc.

IGMP snooping Thit b chuyn mch nhn bn tin tham gia nhm (IGMP join) multicast n t mt cng xc nh, nh vo thng tin ny thit b Switch sao chp d liu n ng cng c yu cu. Ni cch khc, trn hng kt ni DSLAM v Switch (mng kt tp) ch d liu multicast ca nhng knh truyn hnh ang c khch hng thuc DSLAM xem th mi c gi xung DSLAM. IGMP snooping ti u bng thng cho hng xung.

Giao thc nh tuyn Multicast c th l: PIM-SSM hoc PIM-SM da trn giao thc nh tuyn trong (IGP) hoc P2MP LSP (Point To Multipoint Lable Switched Path). Trong , PIM-SM thng c khuyn co p dng khi s lng ngun d liu multicast trong mng ln hoc a ch IP ca ngun multicast thng

xuyn thay i hay khng xc nh trc. V vy, dch v thoi, hi ngh truyn hnh v chi game qua mng thng dng giao thc muticast PIM-SM. Trong khi giao thc PIM-SSM hoc P2MP LSP c khuyn co s dng cho dch v IPTV. Nh cung cp dch v vin thng khi trin khai dch v Triple Play phi i mt vi s thay i c hnh thc kinh doanh v h tng mng. Trong , vic chuyn i mng kt tp v mng truy cp t cng ngh ATM sang cng ngh Ethernet l xu hng khng th trnh khi. 2.2.2 Mng kt tp (Aggregation Network): Mng kt tp hot ng lp 2 (m hnh OSI), khng nhn bit lung d liu IP multicast. V vy, ty cng ngh s dng mng kt tp vic truyn ti lung d liu multicast ti u cui thu bao c th dng: - K thut qung b (thng c gi l Drop & Continue) trong mng kt tp SDH. - K thut thit lp knh o im ni a im cho mng ATM. - IGMP snooping trn mng Ethernet. Vn t ra cho mng kt tp s dng cng ngh Ethernet l: hiu sut s dng bng thng, tin cy cao, cht lng dch v m bo (QoS) v tnh hiu qu trong vn hnh, khai thc mng. tin cy ca mng Ethernet ch yu da vo giao thc cy bc cu STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) khi phc hot ng mng. Tuy nhin, thi gian hi t ca STP l qu ln (15 giy), khng th chp nhn c i vi dch v IPTV. i hi mng phi c thi gian hi t mng di 1 giy, yu cu thit b mng h tr giao thc RSTP (Rapid STP). Trin khai c IGMP snooping v IGMP proxy gip ti u bng thng cho mng Ethernet.

IGMP proxy DSLAM i in cho tt c cc thu bao kt ni n n gi bn tin tham gia nhm multicast n b nh tuyn bin IP. Nh vy lm gim cc bn tin IGMP join trn mng, ng thi gim ti x l v p ng ca b nh tuyn bin IP. Mt c im ni bt ca IGMP proxy l lm tng thi gian p ng knh (zapping time thi gian t lc thu bao nhn chn knh cho n lc ni dung knh xut hin trn mn hnh TV). Do vic x l bn tin IGMP ngay ti DSLAM gn thu bao hn b nh tuyn bin IP rt nhiu. Cht lng dch v (QoS): thng dng Ethernet 802.1p, Ethertype, DSCP (DiffServ Code Points) phn bit cc gi dch v khc nhau v xc nh phng thc chuyn ti lu lng khc nhau. 2.2.3 Mng truy cp (Access Network) C 3 yu t nh hng n nhu cu tng bng thng cho mng truy cp: - S gia tng s lng TV trong mt h gia nh. Ngy nay, trung bnh mi h gia nh ti M c 2.7 TV trong khi chu u l 1.5 [7]. - Dch v truyn hnh phn gii cao (HDTV - High Definition TV) ngy cng ph bin. Bng thng cn thit cho mt knh HDTV ph thuc rt nhiu vo chun m ha, mt knh HDTV s chim bng thng t 8-20Mbps. - S thu ht ca truyn hnh theo yu cu ngy cng cao so vi truyn hnh qung b.

 p ng nhu cu s dng a dch v ca khch hng, nh cung cp dch v cn ti thit li h tng mng truy cp ca mnh nhm cung cp bng thng rng hn n nh khch hng 10Mbps (nu khng c knh HDTV) v 20 Mbps (c HDTV) bng nhiu k thut khc nhau: Cp quang (FTTH - Fiber To The Home), ng dy thu bao s (DSL) : ADSL2+ (bng thng 20Mbps) hoc VDSL (bng thng 50Mbps). Vic chn la im kt ni dch v (injection point) hp l gip nh khai thc xc nh ng cc i tng mng cn xem xt thc hin nng cp mng tha mn nhu cu dch v. V d: Head-End quc gia kt ni vo mng trc IP quc gia. Do , trin khai IPTV vi ngun hnh cp quc gia cn xem xt nng cp cc thnh phn: mng truc IP, mng kt tp v mng truy cp. Vi ngun hnh ni ht, im kt ni dch v ngay ti cc b nh tuyn bin IP hoc b chuyn mch (Switch) ca mng kt tp H nh 3) vn nng cp mng ch tp trung mng kt tp v mng truy cp. 2.2.4 Mng ngi dng (Home Network) Mng ngi dng gm mt cng vo (home gateway c th l modem DSL, b nh tuyn) giao tip vi mng ca nh cung cp c nghim v nhn ngun hnh IPTV v phn pht n cc STB khc nhau. Thit b u cui (end point): STB, phone, mobile c th dng cp ng UTP hoc v tuyn (WiFi, DECT) kt ni vo Home Gateway.

Hnh 2.4 im kt ni dch v

Home Gateway c kh nng nhn cu hnh t ng t pha mng nh cung cp dch v (plug-and-play) thit lp knh hot ng cho cc thit b u cui gn thm vo Home gateway m bo tnh linh hot v m rng dch v. 2.2.5 Mng qun l (Network Management) Mng a dch v cn s dng bng thng mng hiu qu, tin cy cao v m bo cht lng dch v nn cng c h tr qun l, vn hnh, khai thc, chun on li l vn ht sc thit thc cn quan tm ng mc v trang b h thng tng xng. H thng h tr vn hnh, khai thc v qun l mng l u tin hng u cn xem xt u t khi trin khai a dch v trn h tng mng chung. Vic chn la gii php qun l tt s gip nh cung cp dch v gim chi ph vn hnh, khai thc h thng v chi ph chm sc, h tr khch hng, nng cao cht lng dch v. To iu kin cho nh cung cp dch v tp trung tim lc vo cc vn khc em li doanh thu nhiu hn.

H thng phi c kh nng pht hin nhn bit thit b (khi thit b u cui kt ni vo mng) v t ng ci t cu hnh cho u cui khch hng. Vic trin khai dch v IPTV s nh hng rt ln n cu trc mng ca nh cung cp dch v vin thng, i hi nh cung cp dch v phi c k hoch trin khai nng cp h tng mng p ng nhu cu bng thng cho dch v c trong mng trc, mng kt tp v mng truy cp. Vic tnh ton bng thng cng nh d bo nhu cu dch v l cng tc cn xem xt trong qu trnh xy dng v trin khai dch v. 2.3 CC DCH V CUNG CP: Cung cp cc dch v qung b: Qung b ti vi (Broadcast TV); knh m thanh (Audio Channel); truyn hnh trc tuyn (Time-Shift TV); VOD bng hp. Cung cp cc dch v theo yu cu: Video theo yu cu (Video on Demand VoD); m nhc theo yu cu (Music on Demand - MoD); TV theo yu cu (TV on Demand - TVoD). Cung cp cc dch v tng tc: thng tin tng tc (Interactive Information); truyn hnh tng tc (Interactive TV); cng ch, t thin, ... trc tuyn (Online Subscription); nh bc trc tuyn (Online Gambling); phng vn trc tuyn (Online Bill Enquiry); tr chi (Game); Web; Email; TV thng mi (TVCommerce). Mt s dch v in hnh ca IPTV: Dch v truyn hnh: cc ni dung truyn hnh c qung b theo lch trnh thi gian c nh nh truyn hnh truyn thng. S la chn cc gi knh theo yu cu ca khch hng c th bao gm cc knh truyn hnh cng cng (public), cc knh truyn hnh tr tin (pay TV), cc knh truyn hnh c a thch, cc knh v mua sm, cc knh v thi trang, v.v... Dch v truyn hnh theo yu cu: vic pht cc ni dung truyn hnh c la chn bt u khi ngi s dng la chn ni dung . Thng thng, ni dung l

cc b phim hay cc phim c ghi li t mt th vin. Dch v ny c th c s dng trong mt thi gian gii hn. Cc chc nng thng ging nh chc nng ca my ghi hnh (VCR) hay u DVD (DVD player): pht hnh (play), dng hnh (pause), tua hnh (fast forward), v.v... My ghi hnh cc nhn (Personal Video Recorder, PVR): PVR l mt thit b in t dn dng cho php ghi li cc ni dung qung b xem li mt thi im sau . My ghi hnh c nhn qua mng (Network PVR, NPVR): y l phin bn s dng trn mng ca PVR. N c th c xem nh l mt VCR o vi vic lu tr v cc chc nng khc cung cp t mng. Ni dung truyn hnh qung b c th c ghi v xem li sau . Hng dn chng trnh in t (Electronic Program Guide, EPG): mt hng dn cung cp cho ngi s dng cc thng tin v cc chng trnh IPTV ang v sp pht. C th ni mt EPG l phng thc ngi s dng tm kim cc ni dung ca nh cung cp. Cc dch v thng tin: cc dch v thng tin c th bao gm tin tc thi s, tin th thao, d bo thi tit, thng tin v cc chuyn bay, cc s kin trong khu vc/a phng, v.v... Truyn hnh tng tc: knh ph (back-channel) IP khng ch cung cp kh nng ly thng tin m cn cho php tng tc vi cc show truyn hnh hoc khi to cc ng dng lin kt n cc chng trnh ang chy. Cc v d in hnh ca truyn hnh tng tc l tham d vo cc tr chi truyn hnh, bnh chn qua truyn hnh, phn hi ca ngi xem truyn hnh, cc chng trnh thng mi, v.v... Cc ng dng tng tc: s tng tc khng ch c lin kt n mt chng trnh truyn hnh truyn thng. u gi, mua sm, dch v ngn hng l cc ng dng truyn hnh c s dng rng ri, to ra s hi t ca thit b v s pht trin cc giao din ngi s dng mi. Truyn hnh khin cho vic s dng cc ng dng tng tc (ging nh vic s dng Internet) tr thnh mt trong nhng

thnh phn chim u th ca IPTV/VoD tng lai. y cng l mt yu t khc bit ch yu nht so vi truyn hnh qung b truyn thng vn khng c mt knh ph no (c chng l mt ng in thoi). Cc ng dng bng rng: cc ng dng dng cho ngi tiu dng v doanh nghip cng c th c thc hin thng qua h tng IPTV/VoD nh hi ngh truyn hnh, o to t xa, gim st an ninh, v.v... Pay-per-View (PPV): l hnh thc tr tin xem mt phn chng trnh truyn hnh, v d: tr tin xem mt s kin th thao hay tr tin nghe mt bn nhc. H thng cung cp mt knh phim truyn hnh theo hnh thc PPV cho cc thu bao. Tr chi theo yu cu (Games on Demand): dch v ny s cung cp nhiu loi game ty chn n thu bao t mt danh sch c sn. IPTV yu cu game n gin da trn HTML. m nhc theo yu cu (Muics on Demand): cc thu bao c th xem nhng clip ca nhc theo yu cu, ging nh dch v VoD. Truyn hnh ca hm trc (TV of Yesterday, TVoY): dch v ny cho php thu bao xem phim truyn hnh c pht nhng ngy trc. Karaoke theo yu cu (Karaoke on Demand): cc thu bao c th chn v xem cc bi Karaoke qua Set-top Box (STB) trn TV. T list cc bi karaoke c gii thiu, thu bao c th mua mt hoc nhiu bi ht cng lc. Dch v s c trin khai trong tng lai

Bng 2.1 Cc dch v cung cp Nhm dch v Tn dch v M t v dch v

Truyn hnh qung Dch v pht cc knh truyn hnh b TV ) Linear Broadcast Dch v qung b (Broadcast Service) TV with Trick Modes Multi-angle service Electronic Program Guide qung b thng thng. V d: cc HTV9, Truyn hnh qung b cho php ngi dng tm dng, xem li, xem tip, b qua cc on qung co, ghi li chng trnh bng cc u ghi. Dch v cung cp cho ngi dng xem nhiu gc quay ca mt phim (nh 3D) hoc mt trn bng Dch v hng dn trc tip trn mn hnh v lch pht sng, danh sch cc (Linear/Broadcast knh qung b VTV1, VTV2, HTV7,

(EPG) phim, cc phvv Qung co truyn Qung co km theo cc chng Dch v theo yu cu (On Demand Service) hnh truyn thng trnh truyn hnh truyn thng Phim theo yu cu Cho php khch hng la chn phim - Video on Demand (VoD) Nhc theo yu cu - Music on Demand (MoD) Game theo yu cu - Game on Demand (GoD) Thanh ton theo View a thch v c tr ph Cho php khch hng la chn cc video clip, bn nhc a thch v c tr ph. Cho php khch hng la chn cc game a thch v c tr ph. Xem cc chng trnh phi tr ph pht hoc l chng trnh mi)

ni dung (Pay Per (ng k cc chng trnh theo lch

PPV,OPPV, Dch v tng tc (Interactive Service) IPPV) Thng tin chung ( T-information ) Cc dch v thng tin thng thng trn truyn hnh nh tin thi s, thi tit, gi c th trngvv Dch v thng tin qua truyn hnh cung cp cho khch hng kh nng T-communication trao i thng tin thng qua IPTV di cc hnh thc nh email, tin nhn, chat, duyt web, Video conferencinfvv Dch v giao dch ngn hng, mua sm, t ch khch sn, tu, my bay, v xem ca nhc vv ti nh Cho php ngi xem tham gia trc tip cc tr chi trn truyn hnh. V d: Thamgia tr chi Hugo t thit b iu khin t xa ca tivi, Cc tr chi, karaoke, xem nh, s x, nht k in tvv. C th chi 1 mnh hoc nhm Cc thng tin v ch , chnh sch x hi lin quan n chnh ph, thnh ph, phng, qun Dch v hng dn tm kim, tra cu ni dung trn TV theo cc ch m khch hng la chn (tng tc).

Thng mi (Tcommerce)

Dch v voting

Gii tr (Tentertainment ) Thng tin chnh sch (Tgovernment) Interactive Program Guide (IPG) Electronic Contents Guide (ECG) Qung co chn

Qung co theo yu cu ca doanh

lc (Targeted Advertising)

nghip (tp trung vo mt s i tng khch hng nht nh, khng qung b ton mng).

Chng 3

CC K THUT TRONG IPTV

3.1 KHI QUT V CNG NGH: 3.1.1 Khi qut v cng ngh c s dng Khc vi cc sn phm Web TV hin ang hin hu trn mng Internet (nh Joost), IPTV c cung cp qua mt mng IP do nh khai thc mng kim sot. iu ny m bo cho vic bng thng theo yu cu lun sn sng cho vic truyn

dn cc dch v IPTV u cui ti u cui (end-to-end) v do khch hng thu c cc chng trnh truyn hnh v ni dung video theo chun (standard SD) v phn gii cao (high-definition HD) cht lng nh cc thit b truyn hnh ti gia. y l mt tiu ch quan trng cho cc nh cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh v ni dung video, lun t gi tr ln nht vo cht lng ni dung v mn hnh ca h. Ngc li, cht lng hnh nh v phn gii ca cc dch v Web-TV c xem l thp hn. Do h tr IP Multicast, cc mng IP c cc nh khai thc mng kim sot cng c to nn tng cn thit cho vic phn phi cc chng trnh truyn hnh hiu qu v tn dng ngun lc nhiu khch hng c th xem ng thi. Bn cnh vic cung cp lp trnh TV, Video theo yu cu (VoD) l mt dch v quan trng nht trong chui sn phm IPTV. VoD cho php khch hng la chn ni dung t mt kho video o tng hp v xem ni dung ny tc th m khng b tr. iu ny trnh c cc hn ch nh thc hin mt chuyn ving thm mt kho video hay i ti mt thi gian, v xem ni dung c thc hin d dng v thn thin vi khch hng.

Hnh 3.1 Cu trc gii php IPTV Hnh 3.1 cho thy cu trc c bn ca mt gii php IPTV. Cc chng trnh truyn hnh c thu cc head end, v d qua v tinh, v c x l truyn dn IPTV. Cc chng trnh c phn phi n cho cc khch hng qua vic to

lung Multicast IP qua mng li IP v cc mng truy nhp. M ho trc tuyn s c thc hin nh c mt h thng bo v ni dung. Ph thuc vo chng trnh c la chn, thit b set-top-box (STB) s chuyn sang lung multicast ph hp s dng giao thc qun l nhm Internet (Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP). Ni dung video s sn sng Server VoD v c bo v bng cc phng tin ca h thng bo v ni dung. Mt b phim c la chn s c truyn ti qua nh lung n hng IP (IP Unicast Streaming) n STB. Bng cc phng thc ca giao thc nh lung thi gian thc (Real Time Streaming Protocol - RSTP), khch hng c th dng phim hoc tua tr li hoc chuyn tip ging nh cch vi u ghi video hoc u DVD. Vic truyn dn s c tch logic t truy cp Internet ca khch hng, nhng s dng cng ng dy truy nhp. V d, cc knh o ATM (VC) hoc cc LAN o Ethernet (VLAN) khc nhau s c s dng cho mc ch ny. Vic tch bit ny m bo cho d liu IPTV c truyn i vi cht lng m bo. Dch v v qun l ngi s dng (NSD) s lm nhim v cung cp cc dch v IPTV v qun l d liu khch hng. STB thng tin vi h thng ny nhn cc thng tin c th v khch hng v cc dch v, v tin hnh cc giao dch nh cho thu video. Cc m hnh kinh doanh khc nhau nh tr theo ln xem, thu theo thi gian v thu bao cc gi dch v u c h tr. Khch hng c th la chn nhiu dch v khc nhau qua mt giao din NSD thu ht trc tip ti thit b truyn hnh. H thng bo v ni dung s cho php vic m ho cc chng trnh truyn hnh v ni dung VoD. N cng cung cp kho cn thit gii m STB. bit chc liu mt khch hng c php vo ni dung yu cu thu c (v d liu

khch hng c thu video) h thng bo v ni dung s thc hin mt yu cu trc tip ti dch v v h thng qun l NSD. H thng qun l ni dung cng s thc hin x l ni dung VoD v thng tin d liu i km. Thng tin d liu s cung cp thng tin chi tit v ni dung, gm nhan , gim c sn xut, ngi sao mn bc, m t, thi gian phim c chiu v chi ph. Mt hng dn chng trnh in t (EPG) lun sn sng cho cc chng trnh truyn hnh; n cung cp thng tin ton din v cc chng trnh sn sng cho cc ngy hay cc tun. D liu video v audio c truyn ti dng nn. Cc k thut nn MPEG-2 v H.264/MPEG-4-AVC c s dng cng cch vi cc dch v TV s khc. D liu video v audio c m ho s c truyn ti qua mng IP c gi trong lung truyn ti MPEG-2. Trong khi truyn hnh s truyn thng qua v tinh, cp hay v tuyn s gi nhiu chng trnh vo trong mt lung truyn ti MPEG2 duy nht, vi ring IPTV, mt chng trnh c gi trong mi lung truyn ti. Kt qu l bng thng duy nht cho chng trnh thc t c la chn l c cn n cho truyn ti. Tc d liu cho phn gii SD nm trong khong 3-5Mbit/s vi nn MPEG2, v vi H.264 trong khong 2 2.5Mbit/s. Tc d liu cho phn gii HD vi H.264 nm trong khong 12 15 Mbit/s.

Hnh 3.2 Tc d liu IPTV v cc cng ngh DSL Hnh 3.2 cho thy cc tc d liu IPTV so snh vi bng thng hin c cho cc cng ngh truy nhp DSL khc nhau. Nh Hnh 2 cho thy, vic truyn ti ni dung HD cn phi s dng ADSL+2 hay VDSL2. Nu nhiu lung d liu c cn n ng thi, v d nu c nhiu u thu TV gia nh hay cn ghi li ng thi trn b ghi video gia nh, kt ni bng rng phi h tr kp thi cc tc d liu cao hn. Cc cng ngh truy nhp bng rng ngoi DSL cng c th c s dng cc mng quang th ng (Passive Optical Network PON) v cc cng ngh v tuyn nh WiMAX. Vic ghi c th ho trn mng (mng da trn u ghi video c nhn, nPVR) l mt gii php kh thi gii phng cc nt c chai ng dy truy nhp, t nht khi ghi cc chng trnh. iu ny cho php ghi nhiu chng trnh song song hoc chng ln nhau cho mt khch hng. Nu nhiu khch hng mun ghi chng trnh tng t, ch cn chng trnh c lu tr vt l mt ln trn mng. Cc chng trnh c ghi sau s c bt cch tng t nh VoD vi lung n hng (unicast) IP t my ch (server) trn mng n STB.

Cc ng dng khc ngoi TV v VoD cng c cung cp cng vi IPTV. V d, cc khch hng c th gi n cc trang Web trn my truyn hnh c th in t hay chi tr chi. Tuy nhin, nn ch m bo rng mn hnh ha v cc la chn chy chng trnh phi c iu chnh cho TV. phn gii mn hnh, c v khong cch xem khc bit ng k so vi PC v NSD thng s dng mt iu khin t xa nh l mt thit b u vo. Cc ng dng tng tc cng s ng mt vai tr quan trng trong tng lai. Cc v d in hnh gm cc l phiu quyt nh trong cc cuc thi nng khiu, hi t vi cc dch v TV di ng, kt hp vi cc dch v truyn thng nh cht v nhn tin, tch hp ca IPTV mng gia nh, tip cn vi cc cung cp trn Internet v c nhn ho vic cung cp chng trnh v qung co. Tht th v chng kin chng trnh truyn hnh truyn thng s pht trin hn na di nh hng ca IPTV v nhiu dch v a phng tin mi khc c cung cp trn Internet. 3.1.2Bng thng: 3.1.2.1 Khi nim: Bandwidth, theo Lc Vit T in c ngha l "di tn ( di tn s )", hay theo mt s trang web th n l "bng thng". Thc ra nu nhng ai hot ng trong lnh vc vin thng th chc s hiu r hn v khi nim ny. - Khi nim Bandwidth (the width of a band of electromagnetic frequencies) ( dch nm na l rng ca mt di tn s in t ), i din cho tc truyn d liu ca mt ng truyn, hay, chuyn mn mt cht, l rng (width) ca mt di tn s m cc tnh hiu in t chim gi trn mt phng tin truyn dn. - Ni chung, bandwidth ng ngha vi s lng d liu c truyn trn mt n v thi gian. Bandwidth cng ng ngha vi phc tp ca d liu i vi kh

nng ca h thng. V d, trong 1 giy, download 1 bc nh s tn nhiu bandwidth hn l download 1 trang vn bn th ( ch c ch ). - Trong lnh vc vin thng, bandwidth biu din cho tc truyn d liu (tnh theo bit) trn mt giy ( thng gi l bps ). V th, mt modem vi 57,600 bps ( thng gi l 56K modem ) c bandwidth gp i so vi 28,800 bps modem. - Trong tng ng cnh ring, vic nh ngha bandwidth li khc i mt cht, nhng chng ta s khng i qu su, m hy quay li vi nhng g gn gi vi chng ta, l bandwidth vi my ch, tc ng ca n ti trang web ca chng ta. V v vy, chng ta s hiu mt cch n gin, cng c nhiu bandwidth, website ca chng ta cng c nhiu kh nng x l cc yu cu trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. 3.1.2.2 Tnh ton bng thng mng nh hng ca dch v n bng thng mng: - Dch v IPTV: nh hng ch yu n bng thng mng kt tp v mng truy cp ng thi ph thuc vo s lng knh IPTV pht trn mng. - Dch v VoD: nh hng rt ln n bng thng mng trc v ph thuc vo s lng thu bao s dng dch v VoD. Vi dch v VoD, nh cung cp cn xem xt kh nng u t cc thit b lu tr (storage) ngun Video t phn tn trong mng kt tp hoc mng truy cp lu cc b phim mi, phim thng dng d bo nhiu ngi xem nhm gim lu lng im im (unicast) trn mng. Vi dch v IPTV, cn ti u vic s dng bng thng bng cch thit k mng vi im sao chp lung multicast (leaf multicast) cng gn khch hng cng tt,

hng ti kh nng ch thc hin sao chp ni dung multicast ti cng vo nh thu bao.

Tng s knh IPTV xc nh tng bng thng mng cn cung cp dch v. V d: nu c 100 knh IPTV c m ha bng H.264 (2Mbps/STV), th yu cu bng thng dnh cho IPTV trn mi ng truyn (link) l 200Mbps.

Vi dch v xem phim theo yu cu (VoD), vic truyn ti lung (stream) d liu video n ngi xem dng unicast, mi ngi xem s chim bng thng trn mng tng mt knh IPTV. Do , dch v VoD s chim ti nguyn mng nhiu hn:

Thng thng tnh ton bng thng cho dch v VoD, ngi ta a ra con s d bo s khch hng xem VoD bng 10% tng s thu bao IPTV[2]. V d: h thng c 10.000 thu bao IPTV th lng khch hng xem VoD d on l 1.000, vi lung video m ha chun H.264 (2Mbps/STV) th bng thng mng cn p ng dch v VoD l 2Gbps. Bng thng yu cu cho c IPTV v VoD s tng ng: 2.2Gbps. Bi ton tnh lu lng dch v cho ton mng l mt bi ton phc tp, i khi cn phi da vo thc t khai thc, thi quen s dng dch v ca tng a bn dn c, tng khu vc c th tnh ton v c cc iu chnh lu lng hp l trong

qutrnhkhaithc. Tm li khi tnh ton bng thng mng trin khai cung cp dch v IPTV v VoD nh cung cp dch v vin thng cn quan tm n cc vn sau: Chn chun m ha: - MPEG-2 : 3.5-5Mbps/knh truyn hnh chun (STV) - H.264 (MPEG-4 part 10) : 2Mbps/STV 8-12Mbps/knh truyn hnh phn gii cao (HDTV) Nh vy, nu dng chun m ha H.264 bng thng mng s c tit kim hn, nhng gi STP/H.264 li t hn STP/MPEG-2. Li v bng thng cho nh cung cp dch v, nhng chi ph u t ban u ca khch hng cao. Bng thng mng: - Dch v IPTV: nh hng n bng thng mng kt tp v mng truy cp v ph thuc vo s lng knh IPTV pht trn mng. - Dch v VoD: nh hng rt ln n bng thng mng trc v ph thuc vo s lng thu bao s dng dch v VoD Bi ton tnh lu lng dch v cho ton mng l mt bi ton phc tp, i khi cn phi da vo thc t khai tc v thi quen s dng dch v ca tng a bn dn c, tng khu vc c th tnh ton v ty tnh hnh thc t khai thc cn c cc iu chnh lu lng hp l. ti u bng thng mng p ng bng thng mng cung cp dch v IPTV, thit b mng cn h tr tnh nng Multicast (i vi mng trc) v IGMP (i vi mng kt tp v mng truy cp, trong tng lai s l mng thu bao). 3.1.3 Phng thc truyn: Ni mt cch gin n, trong h thng IPTV hnh nh video do cc phn cng thu thp theo thi gian thc (real time), thng qua phng thc m ha (nh

MPEG 2/4...) to thnh cc lung tn hiu s. Sau , thng qua h thng phn mm, IPTV pht truyn vo mng cp. u cui ca cc user tip nhn, la chn, gii m v khuch i. Trong h thng IPTV c 2 phng thc truyn a tn hiu c d nh trc (scheduled programs). l: - Pht qung b (broadcasting), truyn pht ti mi ni - Pht n a im theo yu cu (on demand). Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng qung b: cc chng trnh c v trn hnh 3.3 Trong MBone (mng xng sng ca h thng a im) chnh l ng trc Internet. Tuy nhin ngi s dng ch theo lnh ca b qun l ni dung (content manager) c gii thiu ni dung chng trnh hu quan. Chng trnh c th do rt nhiu b IPTV server thu thp c hoc cng do cc server ca mng MBone cung cp

Hnh 3.3Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng qung b

Hnh 3.4 minh ha s hot ng ca h thng IPTV phc v theo yu cu (VOD) c gi l IPTV n im. Trong cc server ca b qun l ni dung c t

chc thnh cm server (server cluster) tng hp kho d liu (database) ca cc chng trnh. Cch b tr cm server phc v c cc user c hiu qu s c ni r trn s tng th di y. Cc bc thc hin VOD nh sau: 1. Mt thu bao c chng nhn nhp mng v chu s qun l ca b qun l EPG 2. Thu bao mun yu cu mt ni dung no . Thu bao gi yu cu n EGP 3. EGP cho bit a ch ca server cn tm 4. Thu bao gi yu cu ti server . 5. Server da theo yu cu ca thu bao m cung cp ni dung.

Hnh 3.4Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng theo yu cu VOD

3.2 CNG NGH STREAMING:

i vi cc s kin truyn hnh trc tip phi s dng cc cng c cung cp live streaming km theo nh:Microft-Windows Media server, Real - Helix Universal Server, Adobe - Flash Media streaming Server. Cng ngh streaming cho php cc multimedia server truyn i qua mng Internet (IP) cc dng d liu lin tip c th gii nn v hin th ngay lp tc khi ti pha ngi dng. download v mt on phim ngn cng c th mt ti vi pht trong khi cc d liu video s dng cng ngh streaming ch mt vi giy c th hin th. Tnh nng ny khin cc cng ngh streaming tit kim c thi gian cho ngi s dng (thm ch khi s dng modem 28.8kbps).

3.2.1StreamingVideo Vi cc nh dng file video truyn thng, d liu ch c th hin th khi c download ton b, v vy i vi cc file video cht lng cao c dung lng ln th cng vic ny s tiu tn rt nhiu thi gian. Streaming video th khc n tit kim thi gian cho ngi dng bng cch s dng cc cng ngh gii nn kt hp vi player hin th d liu ng thi trong lc vn tip tc download. Qu trnh ny c gi l buffering v c th c din gii nh sau : thay v c gi mt ln duy nht, d liu streaming video s c truyn i thnh cc gi nh, ban u player s ly v mt phn chia nh ca d liu video trc khi hin th, ng thi trong lc hin th cc gi d liu cn li s ln lt c ly v kp cho vic hin th tip theo. Trc khi cng ngh streaming ra i vo nm 1995, cc trang Web n thun vn ch l cc trang tnh, ngho nn v hnh nh ng v m thanh. Tuy nhin so snh vi cht lng ca TV truyn thng th cht lng ca video online l khng chpnhnc.

Ngy nay, cng ngh streaming video pht trin rt nhanh, cc nh nghin cu v pht trin dng nh rt hng th trong lnh vc ny. Chng ta c th hon ton hy vng cht lng ca video streaming t c mc cht lng TV truyn thng,thm ch bng c cht lng DVD. Vi cng ngh streaming, cc nh cung cp dch v c th to, phn phi v hin th cc streaming video di cc nh dng ca cng ngh streaming (nh RM, MOV v ASF). Streaming Video thng c s dng trong lnh vc gii tr hoc dy hc, dng lu tr cc tuyn tp cc file video hoc cc bi hc, cung cp cho ngi dng cc tin ch nh tm kim, lit k, v kh nng hin th hoc hin th li cc d liu video theo yu cu. Streaming Video c th hin di hai dng : Video theo yu cu (on demand) vVideothigianthc(liveevent). Video theo yu cu l cc d liu video c lu tr trn multimedia server v c truyn n ngi dng khi c yu cu, ngi dng c ton quyn hin th cng nh thc hin cc thao tc (tua, dng, nhy qua ..) vi cc on d liu ny. Video thi gian thc l cc d liu video c convert trc tip t cc ngun cung cp d liu theo thi gian thc (my camera, microphone, cc thit b pht d liu video ...). Cc d liu ny s c multimedia pht qung b thnh cc knh ngi dng s ch c quyn truy nhp bt k knh a thch no hin th d liu m khng c thc hin cc thao tc tua, dng vv.. trn cc d liu (ging nh TVtruynthng). Video Stream s dng cc giao thc RTP, MMS hay HTTP vv.. truyn d liu theo dng streaming qua mng Internet, ng thi s dng cc chun nn gim dung lng d liu, cung cp kh nng nn d liu ti nhiu mc nn, nhiu kch thc hin th c th ph hp vi rng bng thng ca nhiu mng truyn dn ti u ho vic truyn d liu qua mng. Cng chnh v vy vic truyn cc Streaming Video qua mng s ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc sn phm phn mm Video Streaming Server.

3.3CNG NGH FLASH: Flash l tn gi tt ca Macromedia Flash do hng Macromedia pht trin. Sau ny,Adobe mua li Macromedia!Ban u, Flash l k thut x nh theo dng vector. Vi k thut ny, bn c th phng to v thu nh hnh, ch m vn khng b "b", khng b "rng ca". V sau, Flash c pht trin vi kh nng tng tc "a phng tin, a truyn thng" (multimedia). Tc l n x l c vi m thanh, phim, .v.v... v c lp trnh s kin (action script) tng tc vi ngng dng. Mt tp tin flash thng c phn m rng l .SWF (hoc c th l .EXE) Flash hin nay ang c s dng rng ri v hin nhin n mc bn coi n l 1 thnh phn mc nh ca trnh duyt nh Internet Explore hoc Firefox, tuy nhin thc t , hin th flash , bn cn ci t trnh iu khin flash player vo my. Flash c tc dng hin th c nhiu ni dung trong 1 khng gian web cht hp, flash to hiu ng khin ngi truy cp d vo,c tc dng i vi cc qungcogiithiu .Flash c nhc im l dung lng ln, tuy nhin i vi tc ng truyn v my ch web hin nay th vn ny khng phi l nhc im ln, ngoi ra flash cn c 1 nhc im na l khng c pht hin bi my ch tm kim, do nu nh xy dng 1 website hon ton bng flash th bn cn suy ngh k vn ny! 3.4 CC CHUN NT HIN NAY: Vi mt thit b lu hnh k thut s thng thng, nh sau khi c s ho s c nn li. Qu trnh nn s x l cc d liu trong nh a hnh nh vo mt khng gian hp hn nh trong thit b nh k thut s hoc qua ng dy in thoi,..Vi th trng lu hnh k thut s hin nay, cc chun nn ph bin l

Motion JPEG (MJPEG), Wavelet, H.261/ H.263/ H.263+/ H.263++ v MPGE1/ MPGE2/ MPGE4. Nhn chung, c hai nhm tiu chun ch yu: nhm mt gm nh dng nn MJPEG v Wavelet; v nhm hai gm cc nh dng chun cn li. S lc nguyn tc nn nh p dng MJPEG v Wavelet Tnh cht chung ca cc nh s l tng quan gia cc pixel cnh nhau ln, iu ny dn ti d tha thng tin biu din nh. Vic d tha thng tin dn ti vic m ho khng ti u. Do vy, ta cn tm phng n biu din nh vi tng quan nh nht, gim thiu d tha thng tin ca nh. C 2 kiu d tha thng tin nh sau: - D tha trong min khng gian: l tng quan gia khng gian pixel ca nh (cc pixel ln cn ca nh c gi tr gn ging nhau, tr nhng pixel gip ng bin nh) - D tha trong min tn s: l tng quan gia nhng di mu hoc cc di ph khc nhau. Trng tm ca cc nghin cu v nn nh l gim bt mt s bit biu din nh bng vic loi b d tha trong min khng gian v min tn s cng nhiu cng tt. Cc chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet u tun theo nguyn tc tm ra cc phn t d tha min khng gian (mi Frame nn t ng). Trong khi , c trng ca cc chun nn thuc nhm 2 l loi b d tha c min khng gian v min tn s ca nh. - MJPEG l nh dng nn nh lu i nht v c dng ph bin. Khi dng chun nn MJPEG, nh c phn chia thnh cc khi vung nh, mi khi vung c kch thc 8 x 8 pixel v biu din mc sm ca 64 im nh. M ho bin i cosin ri rc DCT (Discrete Cosin Tranform) trong chun nn ny khai thc s tng ng gia cc pixel trong mi khi, ly ra cc biu din nh vi tng quan nh. Chui biu din s b rt ngn, tu theo mc nn ca h thng hin hnh vi qui trnh rt ngn chui biu din. V vy, hnh nh sau khi gii nn thng c nhiu sai lch so vi nh gc. chun nn Wavelet, thay v m ho theo tng khi

8 x 8, vic thc hin trn ton b b mt nh, mt lot cc b phn lc khu chuyn i s phn tch cc d kin v tng im nh v cho ra mt tp cc h s. Do chun Wavelet c tc dng vi ton b b mt nh, nn cc sai lch nh gii nn s khc vi MJPEG. Hiu ng ghp mnh khng xy n vi nh c quan st, nhng phn gii hnh nh gim cng nh mt vi vt m s xut hin. Cc nh dng Wavelet v MJPEG u gy ra hin tng mt thng tin nh gii nn. S d tha kh nng lu nh mt ngi cm th khi dng chun nn Wavelet t hn MJPEG 30%. 3.4.1Chun nn MPEG-2 Mpeg-2 c m rng da trn chun Mpeg h tr vic nn d liu truyn Video s cht lng cao. hiu c ti sao nn Video l rt quan trng, ta cn tm hiu bng thng (Bandwidth) cn thit truyn cc khung hnh Video s khng nn. - PAL (Phase Alternate Line) l chun truyn tn hiu TV tun t (Analog) c s dng kh nhiu nc trn th gii. Khung hnh TV dng PAL khng nn i hi bng thng rt ln ti 216 Mbps, ln hn rt nhiu kh nng ca truyn sng radio. Mt s nc dng h thng Analog TV l NTSC. H thng ny cung cp cc thng tin v mu sc km trung thc hn vi t l truyn cc khung khc nhau. Tn hiu NTSC khng nn i hi dung lng ng truyn thp hn khng ng k mc 168 Mbps. TV phn gii cao HDTV (High Definition TV) yu cu bng thng ti thiu l 1 Gbps. Mpeg-2 cung cp cch nn cc tn hiu Video s thnh cc mc c th qun l c. Kh nng nn Video ca Mpeg-2 lit k theo bng sau:

Hnh 3.5 V d Do chun Mpeg-2 cung cp kh nng nn rt cao bng cch dng cc thut ton tiu chun, n tr thnh chun cho TV s vi cc c tnh: +Nn Video tng thch vi Mpeg-1. +Ch Full-screen kt hp vi ci tin cht lng Video (cho TV v mn hnh PC). +Ci tin m ho Audio (cht lng cao, mono, stereo...). +Truyn phi hp nhiu thnh phn. +Cc dch v khc. Cc h thng s dng Mpeg-2 ang rt pht trin nh: TV s, VoD, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)... Thut ton nn Video Mpeg-2 t c kh nng nn cao nh li dng s d tha in thng tin Video. Mpeg-2 loi b c d tha v khng gian v d tha v thi giantrongcccnhVideo. - D tha thi gian xut hin khi cc khung Video lin tip hin th hnh nh ca nhng hnh nh ging nhau. N cha cc hnh nh gn nh khng i hoc thay i rt nh gia cc khung hnh lin tip. D tha khng gian xy ra khi mt phn ca nh c ti to li (vi thay i khng ng k) trong mt khung Video.

- D liu t cc Macroblock cn c m ho s c a n c b tr (Subtractor) v b on chuyn ng (Motion Estimator). B on chuyn ng s so snh cc Macroblock mi c a vo ny vi cc Macroblock c a vo trc v c lu li dng tham kho. Kt qu l b on chuyn ng s tm ra cc Macroblock trong khung hnh tham kho gn ging nht vi Macroblock mi ny. B on chuyn ng sau s tnh ton Vector chuyn ng (Motion Vector), Vector ny s c trng cho s dch chuyn theo c hai chiu dc v ngang ca Macroblcok mi cn m ho so vi khung hnh tham kho. Lu rng Vector chuyn ng c phn gii bng mt na do thc hin qut xenk.

Hnh 3.6V d B on chuyn ng cng ng thi gi cc Macroblock tham kho c gi l cc Macroblock tin on (Predicted Macroblock) ti b tr tr vi Macroblock mi cn m ho. T ta s c cc sai s tin on (Error Prediction) hoc tn hiu d, chng s c trng cho s sai khc gia Macroblock cn tin on v Macroblock thc t cn m ho. Tn hiu d hay sai s tin on ny s c bin i DCT, cc h s nhn c sau bin i DCT s c lng t ho lm gim s lng cc bits cn truyn. Cc h s ny s c a ti b m ho Huffman, ti y s bits c trng cho cc h s tip tc c lm gim i mt cch ng k. D liu t u ra ca m ho Huffman s c kt hp vi Vector chuyn ng v cc thng tin khc (thng tin v I, P, B-picture) gi ti b gii m. i vi trng hp P-picture, cc h s DCT cng c a n b gii m ni

b (nm ngay trong b m ho). Tn hiu d hay sai s tin on c bin i ngc li dng php bin i IDCT v c cng thm vo khung hnh ng trc to nn khung hnh tham kho (tin on). V d liu khung hnh trong b m ho c gii m lun nh vo b gii m ni b ngay chnh bn trong b m ho, do c th thc hin thay i th t cc khung hnh v dng cc phng php tin on trn. 3.4.2 Chun nn MPEG-4 3.4.2.1nh dng nn nh MPEG4 Chun MPEG4 cung cp cc phn b trong kt cu logic v nng lc gii m tng dng bits ring r. Mt profile l mt phn b xc nh trn ton bit stream (iu chnh bitstream v b phn gii mu) mt level s xc nh mt s tiu ch bt buc cho tham s ca bc nh (kch thc nh, s lng bit..). Nhng chun nn MPEG4 c profile dng n gin chim lnh a phn th trng. MPEG4 m Daicat t vn c pht trin v hon thin tr thnh nh dng nn hnh tin tin, hon ho, vi tiu ch tp trung pht trin nhng nhn t gip tng cng cht lng hnh nh, cng nh phc v c lc cho cc thit b gim st c cc frame dng ch nht. Mi bitstream hin th trong nh dng nn MPEG4 cung cp mt m t mang tnh phn tng v hnh nh hin th. Tng lp d liu c a vo bit stream bi nhng mt m c bit gi l mt m khi ngun. Mi vt th nh c th c m ho di dng a lp (scalable) hoc n lp (non scalable) VOL (video object layer) s h tr qu trnh m ho a lp. Mt vt th nh c m ho di dng a lp khng gian hoc a lp thi gian, i t phn gii th ti phn gii tinh. B phn gii m c th t c phn gii hnh mong

mun, tu theo nhng thng s nh gii thng tn hin c, hiu su t my v theo mong mun ca ngi dng. C hai loi VOL, loi th nht mang y chc nng ca nh dng nn MPEG4, loi cn li vi nhng chc nng c gim bt (VOL vi header dng ngn). Loi VOL ny gip bitstream tng thch vi ng bin H.263. VOP (video object plane)- nh oc m ho c lp hoc m ho trn c s tham kho cc nh khc qua khu b chuyn ng b gii m. Mi frame nh thng thng c th c biu din bi mt VOP dng ch nht. 3.4.2.1Vi chun nn MPEG4, c 3 kiu khc nhau m ho cho khi nh: 1 . VOP c m ho c lp. Trong trng hp ny VOP c m ho gi l Intra VOP (I-VOP). 2. VOP c tin on qua k thut b chuyn ng nh mt VOP khc c tin on trc . l loi P-VOP (Predicted VOP). 3. VOP c tin on da trn cc VOP trc v sau n thuc dng B-VOP ( Bi - directiional Interpolated VOP). B-VOP c thm vo da trn I-VOP v P-VOP. Ngoi vic c th nng cao cht lng hnh nh khi dng, mt u im khc ca B-VOP l dng k thut a lp thi gian. Vi k thut ny, Frame d liu hin th c tng cng. Nhng lp tng cng a thng tin vo gia cc lp frame. nh dng nn nh MPEG4 h tr qu trnh lng t ho, do vy cng gip p ng nhng i hi khc nhau v tc bt. Lng t ho c cc chun nn nh H263 v MPEG1, MPEG2. B phn m ho nh dng nn m Daicat t vn tng thch vi nhng b m ha trc y trong cc chun nn.

Chng 4

CHT LNG DCH V QoS V CHT LNG TRI NGHIM QoE

4.1 KHI NIM Trong vng hai thp k va qua, khi nim cht lng dch v (QoS: Quality of Service) trn nn mng IP c a vo nhn thc ca ng o ngi s dng (NSD) cng nh cc nh cung cp v khai thc dch v mng. QoS cng chnh l ng lc thc y mnh m s u t ca cc nh khai thc dch v vin thng v s tp trung cao ca cng ng nghin cu lnh vc mng, hng ti cc gii php c tnh n nh v hiu qu cao nhm m bo cht lng cho cc dch v qua mng. Trong nhn thc chung ca cng ng chuyn ngnh mng, cng nh c chun ha bi cc t chc quc t c uy tn nh Lin minh Vin thng quc t (ITU), QoS trong mng vin thng c nh ngha c th qua cc tham s k thut c lng ha r rng. Trn nn mng IP, QoS c nh ngha theo mc gi IP hoc theo mc kt ni. mc gi IP, cc tham s QoS in hnh bao gm tr ca cc gi IP, bin thin tr ca cc gi IP, t l mt gi IP. mc kt ni/cuc gi, QoS c th c nh gi qua cc tham s nh t l cuc gi/kt ni b chn, t l cc cuc gi/kt ni b rt gia chng. Tuy nhin, trong bi cnh hin nay, khi cc dch v vin thng trn nn mng IP, c bit l VoIP (Voice over IP), IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) ngy cng tr nn ph bin v thng dng hn, QoS khng cn l yu t duy nht mang tnh

quyt nh trong cuc cnh tranh chim lnh th trng gia cc nh cung cp dch v. Theo xu hng chung, yu t dn tr nn quan trng hn phn bit mc v nh gi cc nh cung cp dch v l nhng gi dch v c thit lp tt n mc no theo nhu cu c nhn ca NSD, c th c ty chnh theo yu cu c nhn khch hng n u tha mn ti a yu cu ca h. y chnh l tin dn n khi nim cht lng tri nghim QoE (Quality of Experience), mt khi nim c a vo bc tranh cung cp dch v trong ngnh cng ngh vin thng. Mt cch n gin nht, cht lng tri nghim QoE l nhn xt ch quan ca NSD nh gi v dch v h ang s dng. So vi khi nim QoS, QoE l khi nim mi hn v mi ch c y mnh trong nhng nm gn y. Ti liu [1] thng k so snh s lng cc bi bo nghin cu vin thng c ng ti v lu tr trong h thng c s d liu ca t chc IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), c cha t QoS trong phn tm tt vi s lng cc bi bo c cha t QoE trong phn tm tt v a ra kt qu nh trong Bng 1. T l p o ca cc bi bo lin quan n QoS cho thy QoE ch thc s nm trong s quan tm ca cc nh nghin cu t 2006 tr li y. Bng 4.1: Thng k v s quan tm n khi nim QoE v QoS Nm 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Quality of Service (QoS) 1102 1328 1540 1720 1681 Quality of Experience (QoE) 1 3 3 3 10 T l gia cc bi bo lin quan n QoS v cc bi bo lin quan n QoE 1102 ln 442 ln 513 ln 573 ln 168 ln

Chiu hng tng t cng c biu hin nu chng ta thng k s lng cc kt qu lin quan n QoS v QoE khi s dng cc cng c tm kim nh

www.google.com (a ch tm kim thng thng) hay http://scholar.google.com (a ch tm kim cho cc ti liu mang tnh hc ng, hn lm). S cc kt qu tm kim lin quan n QoS nhiu hn 13 ln (trng hp dng google.com) v 50 ln (trng hp dng scholar.google.com) so vi s lng cc kt qu tm kim lin quan n QoE. Bng 4.2: Thng k v mc ph bin ca khi nim QoE v QoS (8/2008) Thnh ng tm QoS QoE 13.300.000 938.000 Tm vi Goggle.com Tm vi http://scholar.google.com 619.000 11.700

4.2LIN QUAN GIA QoS V QoE QoS n thun a n NSD nhng khi nim k thut kh kh cng v cht lng dch v. QoS ch yu tp trung vo m t cc tiu ch khch quan, mang tnh k thut m h tng mng hay ng dng cn phi t c cht lng dch v c m bo. Ni mt cch khc QoS c th coi l ngn ng k thut chung ca cht lng m cc ng dng v h tng mng s dng. Vn nm ch nhng khi nim QoS nh tr, t l mt ca cc gi IP khng truyn ti nhng thng tin thit thc cho i a s NSD u cui. iu m NSD tht s quan tm l cm nhn nh gi c nhn theo mt cch din gii thng thng khi s dng dch v, nh cht lng hnh nh ca on phim c tt khng, hnh nh v ting ni ca trong phim c khp nhau khng vv. Xt t gc thng mi cung cp dch v, mc tiu cui cng ca nh cung cp dch v phi l s hi lng ca khch hng. y l yu t thu ht NSD v m rng mng li phc v ca nh cung cp. nh gi cht lng ca dch v, rt cn thit phi t tm im vo mc hi lng, yu t ch quan mang tnh cht con ngi ca

NSD u cui. Ch c nh vy th dch v mi bm st nhu cu th trng v c c hi pht trin, m rng. Thc t i hi phi thit lp mt cch din t chung, d hiu cho ngi dng u cui v cht lng dch v. chnh l l do a ra khi nim QoE. QoE l ngn ng chung cc ng dng v NSD u cui s dng khi tip cn vn cht lng ca dch v. Ni cch khc, QoE l thc o s hi lng ca NSD vi dch v h ang s dng, da trn nhng nh gi ch quan. Nh vy, cng c th nhn nhn QoE c tng hp t cc tham s thun ty mang tnh k thut QoS v cc yu t khc khng mang tnh k thut nh cc c tnh ca h thng th gic v thnh gic con ngi, s n gin khi ng k s dng dch v, gi c dch v, ni dung dch v, tnh sn sng h tr t nh cung cp. QoE thng c biu hin bng nhng nh gi mang tnh cm nhn c nhn nh xut sc, tt, trung bnh, tm chp nhn, km. Chng ta cng xem xt mt v d in hnh v vai tr ca nhng yu t con ngi trong s nh gi cht lng [2]. Trn Hnh 1 c hai bc tranh v cng mt phong cnh. Tham s QoS o t l gia tn hiu v nhiu (PSNR: Peak-Signal-to-NoiseRatio) ca hai bc tranh c gi mc nh nhau. Nh vy, nu ch thun ty da trn tham s k thut PSNR th hai bc tranh s c nh gi c cht lng nh nhau. Nhng vi h gic quan ca NSD u cui, tc l ngi trc tip xem hai bc tranh, r rng l cht lng ca bc tranh bn tri tt hn nhiu so vi bc tranh bn phi. NSD c th xp bc tranh bn tri vo mc tm chp nhn, thm ch trung bnh, nhng bc tranh bn phi ch mc km. Ti sao li nh vy? C hai bc tranh u b nhiu. Tuy nhin, bc tranh bn tri c nhiu tn s cao, bc tranh bn phi c nhiu tn s thp. H gic quan con ngi khng cm nhn c tt (ni cch khc l khng nhn thy) cc nhiu tn s cao nh i vi nhiu tn s thp, do NSD hi lng vi bc tranh bn tri hn so vi bc

tranh bn phi. Bn cnh l ni dung ca bc tranh. Nhiu ca bc tranh bn tri ch nm phn di bc tranh (ni c cc khi xm, nc bin, vi nhiu gc cnh trn hnh nh). Trn nn ni dung nh vy mt thng ca NSD rt kh nhn ra li. Ngc li, trong bc tranh bn phi, nhiu c phn trn ca bc tranh, ni chi c thun cnh bu tri my xanh. Trn nn ni dung nh vy, tc ng ca nhiu d dng c mt thng quan st thy. Nh vy ni dung ca bc tranh, a im c nhiu xut hin, cng rt quan trng v c nh hng n nh gi ca NSD.

Hnh 4.1: nh gi theo h th gic ch quan ca NSD QoS nh chng ta u bit c th c thc hin bng cc gii php, c ch p dng trong mng, v d nh nh iu khin u vo (CAC Call Admisson Control), phn loi cht lng dch v, qun l ti nguyn (resource management) hay cung ng tha ti nguyn (over-provisioning)... Cc gii php QoS v bn cht l cng c m cc nh qun tr v khai thc mng p dng em li QoE. Tuy vy, nu ch m bo p ng tt cc tham s QoS cha chc chn em li s hi lng v dch v cho NSD v nh tho lun trn, QoE cn bao hm cc nhn t khc ngoi cc tham s QoS. Cng v th, i vi cc nh cung cp dch v, vic o kim c QoE ca ngi dng v sau sa i ph hp dch v p ng nhu cu ca NSD l rt quan trng.

4.3O C V KHIM SOT QoE Mc d mang tnh ch quan ca ngi nh gi, QoE cng nn c lng ha n mt mc nht nh c th c s dng hu ch cho cc mc ch khc nhau nh a vo hp ng thng nht mc dch v (Service Level Agreement SLA) k kt gia nh cung cp v khch hng, NSD. Phng php nh gi mc hi lng QoE mt mt cn bao hm nhng yu t mang tnh tm l ch quan ca NSD, mt khc cn phi a ra nhng kt qu st thc tin v c th ti dng li khi c nhu cu. iu ny trc tin i hi s thu hiu v nhu cu m NSD ang c, nm c yu t no l nhn t nh hng n s nh gi ch quan ca NSD cho loi hnh dch v m h s dng. Pht trin cc phng php c th o c, lng ha QoE khng phi l vn n gin v ngoi cc yu t thun ty k thut (nh trong trng hp QoS) cn cn phi xem xt nhng yu t mang tnh con ngi. nh gi QoE c th i theo phng thc l to ra nh x t cc thng s k thut thun ty QoS sang thng s mang tnh ch quan QoE. Sau ch cn o c v kim sot cc thng s QoS qua kim sot v iu chnh QoE. Kh khn ln nht ca phng thc ny l to ra cch nh x phn nh c chn thc nht nhng yu t mang tnh ch quan ca NSD, v d nh nhng tnh cht ca h th gic con ngi. Hn th na, phi tng hp nhiu tham s QoS mi c th nh x sang QoE mt cch hp l. S nh x i hi phi c s c kt t nhiu th nghim thc t. Bng 3 l mt v d v cch nh x t cc tham s QoS bao gm tr (end-to-end delay), t l mt gi (packet loss ratio), thng lng trung bnh (mean throughput) sang cc mc QoE bao gm xut sc (excellent), rt tt (very good), trung bnh (average), tm chp nhn c (fair), v km (poor), dng cho dch v truy nhp web s dng WAP/ xHTML trong mng di ng [3].

Bng 4.3: nh x t cc tham s QoS sang QoE ca dch v truy nhp web s dng WAP/ xHTML trong mng di ng.

Nh cp, QoE c quan tm nhiu nht trong lnh vc VoIP v IPTV. y l hai mng dch v c th ni l u tu ca cc nh khai thc vin thng trn nn mng IP hin nay. Khi nim QoE cho VoIP c th c nh gi bng cch thc hin thu thp nh gi tri nghim v dch v VoIP ca s lng ln NSD v sau lng ha kt qu qua khi nim MOS (Mean Opinion Score). MOS l thang im t 1 n 5. MOS cng cao th QoE cng tt, tc l NSD cng hi lng vi cht lng dch v VoIP. T kha cnh k thut, nh gi QoE cho VoIP cn c th s dng phng php 3SQM c chun ha trong ti liu ITU-T Rec. P. 563 (ITU-T Rec. P. 563: Single ended method for objective speech quality asessment in narrow-band telephony applications ), hoc phng php E-model chun ha trong ti liu ITU-T Rec. G.107 ( ITU-T Rec. G.107: The E-model, a computational model for use in transmission planning ). Cc phng php ny nh x cc tham s k thut QoS ca kt ni VoIP sang thang im MOS, tham s nh gi ca QoE. C hai phng php ny u khng yu cu thc hin so snh gia tn hiu m thanh gc vi tn hiu m thanh nhn c. QoE cho IPTV cng c th c nh gi bng phng php mang tnh ch quan qua tham s MOS, nh ngha trong ti liu ITU-R BT 500 ( ITU-R, Recommendation BT. 500: Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of television pictures). Mt nhm NSD s c chn la cng xem on video v cho im cht lng t 1 n 5 (5 tng ng vi cht lng tt

nht). Tham s MOS ca on video s c ly trung bnh t cc kt qu cho im ca NSD. Tuy nhin, cng ging nh trng hp xc nh MOS ca VoIP qua kin NSD, phng php ny ch kh thi trong mi trng phng th nghim, khng p dng c trong mi trng ng dng thi gian thc. Cc phng php khc nh gi QoE cho IPTV da vo nguyn l hot ng truyn ti ca IPTV ni ring v ca hnh nh qua mng IP ni chung. Cc gi ca lung video c chuyn t b m ha/nn ca ngun nh (compression), thnh lung d liu (streaming) i qua mng (network) n b m ca b gii m (decompression) vi tc khc nhau. B m c nhim v cung cp cc gi vi tc u n cho b gii m ti hin hnh nh cho ngi xem. Tc ng ca mng (network impairments) gy ra nhng bin i cho cc gi trong lung d liu hnh nh, lm cho cc gi c th n b m vi tc nhanh chm khc nhau, lm nh hng trc tip n mc hi lng (QoE) ca NSD u cui. Nu cc gi IP n qu nhanh s lm trn b m, dn n hin tng cc gi b mt do b m ch c dung lng gii hn. Vi ngi xem, nh s b bin dng v nhng chi tit trong nh b nhe, hoc b mt. Ngc li, nu cc gi IP n qu chm th b m khng c g a vo b gii m, dn n hin tng ngng hnh, git hnh khi xem. QoE cho IPTV c th c nh gi mt cch lng ha qua tham s MDI (Media Delivery Index). V bn cht, MDI cng l mt tham s c nh x t cc nhn t QoS lp mng, c th l tr (Delay Factor - DF) v t l mt ni dung (Media Loss Rate - MLR). MDI c hin th di dng chun DF:MLR. u im ca MDI l i lng ny c th c o kim ti bt c im no trn ng truyn t ngun nh n ngi xem (NSD) v t gi tr MDI c th nh x n QoE c c nhng hnh ng, bin php x l kp thi. MDI p ng c yu cu QoE v nh l DF vo khong 9-50ms, MLR ti a l 0.004 cho SDTV (Standard Definition Television: truyn hnh phn gii thng thng),

VOD (Video on Demand: video theo yu cu) v 0.0005 cho HDTV (highdefinition television: truyn hnh phn gii cao) [4].

Hnh 4.2 M hnh nh gi QoE cn s so snh gia hnh nh gc v hnh nh u nhn

Hnh 4.3 M hnh MPQM nh gi QoE ca IPTV MPQM (Moving Picture Quality Metrics) v V-factor l hai m hnh khc nh gi QoE ca dch v IPTV. MPQM l m hnh t nn tng trn nhng tnh cht ca h thng th gic ca con ngi v nh gi s suy gim cht lng qua vng i in hnh ca nh video (nn, truyn, gii nn) c nh hng th no n cht lng hnh nh qua cm nhn ca NSD u cui [5]. V mt cu trc h thng, v tr nh gi MPQM trn ng truyn lung video c hin th trong Hnh 3 [6]. C th thy l khc vi cc gii php nh gi cht lng video thng thng c pht trin trong mi trng phng th nghim (xem Hnh 2), MPQM khng

cn n s so snh gia hnh nh gc v hnh nh nhn c. im c bn ny mang li tnh kh thi v m rng cao cho MPQM trong thc t. Trong mi trng IPTV, a im ca hnh nh nhn c ni NSD u cui c th cch xa nhiu cy s so vi a im hnh nh gc. Hn th na c rt nhiu knh IPTV c truyn ti n NSD s lm cho nhng phng php nh gi cht lng hnh nh cn c so snh gia hnh nh gc vi hnh nh cui kh c th thc hin c trong thi gian thc (realtime operation). T u vo l xc sut mt gi (Packet Loss Probability), phn tch lng thng tin c hnh nh truyn ti (entropy analysis), bin thin tr (jitter), xung gc (Program Clock Reference), loi m ha (MPEG2, H264), MPQM a ra thang im 5 cho cht lng IPTV, Excellent tng ng thang im 5, Good tng ng thang im 4, Fair tng ng thang im 3, Poor tng ng thang im 2, Bad tng ng thang im 1. Hnh 4 m t m hnh MPQM mc tng quan.

Hnh 4.4 M hnh MPQM V-factor cng l mt s trin khai da trn m hnh gc MPQM. Tuy nhin, ngoi vic cho im nh gi cht lng ca hnh nh, V-factor cn cung cp thm nhng thng tin cn thit cho vic theo di v phn tch cc nguyn nhn gy ra vn cht lng, v d nh cc tham s lp mng c nh ngha trong ti liu ITU Y. 1540/1541 (ITU Y. 1540/1541:Network performance objectives for

IP-based services) hoc IETF RFC2330 (RFC 2330: Framework for IP Performance Metrics). Hnh 5 m t m hnh V-Factor mc tng quan.

Hnh 4.5 M hnh V-factor

Chng 5

IPTV TI VIT NAM

5.1 U V NHC IM CA IPTV 5.1.1u im ca IPTV Tch hp a dch v. Trn mt ng kt ni Internet ngi dng IPTV c th c s dng cng mt lc rt nhiu dch v khc nhau nh truy cp Internet, truyn hnh, in thoi c nh v di ng, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)...mang li cho ngi dng s tin li trong qu trnh s dng. Tnh tng tc cao. IPTV s mang li cho ngi dng tri nghim xem truyn hnh c tnh tng tc v c nhn ha rt cao. V d, nh cung cp dch v IPTV c th tch hp mt chng trnh hng dn tng tc cho php ngi xem c th tm kim ni dung chng trnh truyn hnh theo ta hoc tn din vin. Hoc nh cung cp dch v c th trin khai chng nng hnh-trong-hnh (picture-inpicture) cho php ngi dng xem nhiu knh cng mt lc. Ngi dng cng c th s dng TV truy cp n cc ni dung a phng tin khc trn PC nh hnh nh hay video hoc s dng in thoi di ng iu khin TV nh ghi li mt chng trnh a thch no ... Mt phng thc tng tc khc m nh cung cp dch v IPTV c th trin khai l cung cp cc thng tin m ngi xem yu cu trc tip trong qu trnh xem chng trnh. V d ngi dng c th nhn thng tin v i bng m h ang xem thi u trn mn hnh chng hn. Trn thc t tnh tng cao hon ton c th xut hin cc loi hnh truyn hnh s khc nh truyn hnh v tinh hay cp. Song trin khai c th cn phi c s kt ni tng tc gia u pht sng v b thu sng. y l iu m truyn

hnh v tinh v cp khng c c. Mun trin khai th hai hnh thc truyn hnh ny buc phi kt hp vi cc h tng mng khc nh Internet hoc in thoi di ng. Cng ngh chuyn mch IP. Hu ht ngi dng u khng bit rng truyn hnh cp v v tinh thng gi i tt t tn hiu ca mi knh cng mt lc cng mt thi im nhm cho php ngi dng chuyn i knh tc thi nh chng ta vn thy. iu ny dn ti s lng ph bng thng cn thit. IPTV s dng cng ngh chuyn mch IP loi b hn ch ny. Mi d liu chng trnh truyn hnh c lu tr ti mt v tr trung tm v ch c d liu knh m ngi dng yu cu xem l c truyn ti i. iu ny s cho php nh cung cp dch v c th b sung thm c nhiu dch v cho IPTV hn v bng thng khng cn phi l vn qu kh gii quyt na. Mng gia nh. Kt ni vo mng Internet trong gia nh khng ch c TV m cn c cc PC khc. iu ny s cho php ngi dng c th s dng TV truy cp n nhng ni dung a phng tin trn PC nh nh s, video, lt web, nghe nhc... Khng nhng th mt s mn hnh TV gi y cn c tch hp kh nng vn hnh nh mt chic TV bnh thng. Tt c lin kt s tr thnh mt mng gii tr gia nh hon ho. Video theo yu cu - Video on Demand (VOD). VOD l tnh nng tng tc c th ni l c mong i nht IPTV. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi xem c th yu cu xem bt k mt chng trnh truyn hnh no m h a thch. V d, ngi xem mun xem mt b phim c cch y vi nm th ch cn thc hin tm kim v dnh thi gian xem hoc ghi ra a xem sau. Kim sot ti a chng trnh TV. VOD ni chnh xc cng l mt phn li th

ny. y l tnh nng m ngi dng s cm thy thch th nht IPTV bi n cho php h c th kim sot ti a chng trnh truyn hnh. Khng cn th ng phi xem nhng g m nh cung cp dch v pht i nh truyn hnh truyn thng hay v tinh m gi y ngi dng s c tri nghim kh nng kim sot ti a nhng ni dung m h mun xem. Vi VOD ngi dng c th chn la nhng chng trnh thch hoc ghi n ra a xem v sau ny. Nh m thit b iu khin t xa ca IPTV s c y tnh nng nh iu khin mt chic u a. Khi ang xem chng trnh nu gp phi mt on no hay ngi dng c th tua xem li, dng pht chng trnh hoc tua nhanh v pha trc ... iu ny cng n gin bi ni dung c cung cp duy nht theo yu cu ca ngi xem ch khng cung cp rng cho tt c mi ngi dng nh truyn hnh truyn thng. Truyn hnh cht lng cao HD. Xu hng ni dung cht lng cao hin hin hin thc t. Nh kt ni bng thng rng nn c th ni ch trong tng lai khng xa IPTV s ch pht truyn hnh cht lng cao. iu ny ng ngha vi vic ngi dng s thng thc cc chng trnh c cht lng hnh nh v m thanh cao. 5.1.2Nhc im Nhc im ch mng ca IPTV chnh l kh nng mt d liu rt cao v s chm tr truyn tn hiu. Nu nh ng kt ni mng ca ngi dng khng tht s tt cng nh khng bng thng cn thit th khi xem chng trnh s rt d b git hay vic chuyn knh c th tn kh nhiu thi gian ti v. Thm vo na nu my ch ca nh cung cp dch v khng mnh th khi s lng ngi

xem truy cp vo ng th chuyn cht lng dch v b gim st cng l mt chuyn rt d hiu. y khng hn l nhc im ca IPTV m ca c th gii web.

Song mt th gii m mi ngi mi thit b u c th c kt ni mng l mt trong nhng mc tiu m th gii ang hng ti. Truyn hnh IPTV cng l mt phn trong xu hng ny. Cng ngh mng Internet cng ngy cng pht trin mnh m y bng thng kt ni ln cao hn gp phn gip IPTV khc phc nhc im ni trn v bin n tr thnh cng ngh truyn hnh ca tng lai.

5.2TNH HNH PHT TRIN DCH V IPTV TI VIT NAM Ti Vit Nam, hin c nhiu nh khai thc dch v vin thng ln ang cnh tranh nhau nhm cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v bng rng vi cht lng cao v gi r. H cng nhn ra xu hng pht trin ca truyn hnh trc tuyn v video theo yu cu, v ang c nhng bc i mnh m. Mt s Website cung cp th nghim cc chung trnh truyn hnh trc tuyn ca VietNamNet, Cng ty VTC, i truyn hnh thnh ph H Ch Minh ghi nhn s lng truy cp rt ln, cho thy sc hp dn ca dch v ny i vi cng chng. Tuy nhin, cho n nay ti Vit Nam mi ch c FPT Telecom l doanh nghip vin thng u tin chnh thc khai thc v cung cp dch v IPTV trn h thng mng bng rng ADSL/ADSL2+ t ngy 03/03/2006 sau mt nm th nghim v hin ti c 500 khch hng th nghim u tin. FPT Telecom mua cc thit b nhn sng t v tinh truyn trn mng v cng k kt bn quyn t VTV v HTV pht sng 32 knh truyn hnh trn Internet phc v cho cc khch hng ca FPT. Hin FPT ang tm kim cc phng thc hp tc tng t nh vi VTC c thm mt s knh phim truyn ca i ny. Vi mt thu bao ADSL 2+ ca FPT, khch hng c th xem mt lc 3 knh truyn hnh ng thi. Hin

FPT ang c gn 100.000 thu bao ADSL, FPT s cung cp dch v gi tr gia tng IPTV cho cc khch hng ny. Ngoi FPT, cc doanh nghip khc nh VNPT, Viettel cng ang chun b cho qu trnh trin khai dch v IPTV trn mng bng rng.

5.3KH NNG TRIN KHAI DCH V TI VIT NAM:

5.3.1 Kh nng nhu cu ca th trng: iu thun li c bn IPTV pht trin mnh ti Vit Nam, c th dn n bng n trong tng lai l s lng ngi s dng Internet ln vi tc tng trng nhanh v thi quen s dng dch v tch hp trn IPTV ca chu ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring l rt kh quan. Cht lng bng thng l cha kho IPTV thnh cng. Nhng d n u t v h tng mng vin thng, Internet gn y u hng ti vic cung cp a dch v trn nn bng thng rng, trong c IPTV. iu thun li pht trin IPTV l dch v kt ni Internet bng thng rng ADSL gia tng mnh m trong mt nm qua. D tnh n ht nm 2007 c khong trn 1 triu thu bao ADSL, trong , Tp on BCVT Vit Nam (VNPT) chim hn 47% th phn (FPT hn 19%, Viettel hn 16%, k n l EVN, Hanoi Telecom), nn tim nng pht trin IPTV l rt ln. Khi chnh thc cung cp dch v IPTV (qu II/2008), VNPT d tnh vn dn u vi 48% th phn, tip l FPT vi 32% th phn, Viettel 12% th phn, SPT 5%, NetNam vi 3% th phn.

Theo d bo, khi bt u cung cp dch v s c khong 2,4% thu bao ADSL s dng IPTV. Nm 2008 d kin s pht trin mi 11.850 thu bao. Nhng nm tip theo, d bo tc tng trng trung bnh t gn 100%/nm.

Hnh 5.1 Nhu cu s dng IPTV ti Vit Nam thi quen ca khch hng phn theo tui

Hnh 5.2 Nhu cu s dng IPTV ti Vit Nam mc chp nhn ca khch hng i vi IPTV

nh gi nhu cu ca th trng (khch hng) i vi dch v IPTV, nh cung cp ni dung VASC t chc mt cuc thm d nhu cu ti 04 thnh ph H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Nng, Hi Phng. Mc tiu ca cuc thm d

nhm nghin cu th trng trn cc mt: tm hiu thi quen gii tr cc loi ca cng chng; tm hiu mc chp nhn ca cng chng i vi dch v truyn hnh trc tuyn, video theo yu cu v cc cc dch v gi tr gia tng ca IPTV: tng, gi c; d bo nhu cu s dng dch v IPTV; phn tch d liu thu c nhm xut cc nh hng kinh doanh cho dch v. i tng nghin cu: Tp trung kho st cc i tng l cc c nhn trong tui 18 - 50 c quan tm n dch v gii tr truyn hnh v bit s dng internet trn c nc, ring i tng c phng vn trc tip ch gii hn 4 a bn tiu biu l H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Hi Phng v Nng. S lng kho st trc tip c phn b tng a bn nh sau: thnh ph H Ni 301 mu; thnh ph H Ch Minh 301 mu; thnh ph Nng 209 mu; thnh ph Hi Phng 200 mu Kt qu thm d nhu cu th trng: X hi cng pht trin, nhu cu gii tr ca ngi dn cng cao. Hu ht cc gia nh u c TV v u a DVD, VCD, CD. Thi quen xem TV/phim, nghe nhc ti nh chim phn ln thi gian gii tr. Ti 4 thnh ph c kho st, gn 1/3 ngi dn c nhu cu truy cp Internet v khong 1/8 dn chng c thi quen xem phim ti rp v chi video game. Mt na i tng kho st c ng k s dng truyn hnh cp/k thut s cho thy ngi dn rt hng th vi cc loi hnh dch v gii tr truyn hnh, c bit l hnh thc dch v Tivi c tr tin. Th phn ca cc nh cung cp dch v l khc nhau, nhng xt mt cch tng th th cc nh cung cp dch v TH cp/KTS p ng c hn 70% nhu cu gii tr truyn hnh ca khch hng. Gn mt na khch hng hi lng vi nh cung cp dch v nh s a dng v cc knh v chng trnh truyn hnh, 1/4 cn li hi lng v cht lng ni dung chng trnh. Trong khi c khong 1/3 khch hng mong i c thm nhiu knh truyn hnh, thuyt minh v ph ting Vit. Chi ph cho dch v gii tr truyn hnh hin ti vo khong 46.000 ng. Mc chi thp nht l TP. Nng gn 26.500, v cao nht l Hi Phng, 69.000. Cm nhn v dch v IPTV: tng cung cp dch

v truyn hnh qua Internet (IPTV), video theo yu cu (VoD) v cc dch v cng thm ca IPTV (nh: truy cp Internet v email trn Tivi, in thoi hin th hnh nh v in thoi VoIP, chc nng ghi chng trnh, chi game) c ng o khch hng quan tm. Ti Nng, 90% ngi c hi u th v vi dch v ny. K n l TP.HCM v Hi Phng vi 81% v 80%, cui cng l H Ni vi ch hn 54%. D bo nhu cu s dng dch v IPTV: Kh nng ng k s dng dch v IPTV ti Hi Phng khng cao, cha ti 1/4 khch hng ngh s ng k s dng dch v ny trong vng 1 nm ti. H Ni c khong 43%, Nng gn 50% v thnh ph H Ch Minh cao nht vi 55% (trong 34% mong mun ng k trong vng 6 thng ti). Nu cn c trn thi quen gii tr ti gia nh ca i a s ngi dn th nhu cu s dng dch v IPTV l rt cao, v vic pht trin ni dung cho cc dch v IPTV c th bt u trin khai ngay t thi im ny, cng sm cng tt. Nh vy, xt trn gc nhu cu th trng, a s khch hng c nhu cu s dng loi hnh dch v IPTV v sn sng tr thm mc ph dch v c c kh nng gii tr thun tin, cht lng.

5.3.2 Kh nng p ng nhu cu dch v IPTV ca mng vin thng Vit Nam: Vi mng bng hp truyn thng, ch mt s dch v n gin ca IPTV l c th thc hin c. Cn c th trin khai thnh cng dch v IPTV th mng bng rng ng vai tr tin quyt, bi v ch vi mng bng rng mi c th bo m cung cp y bng thng theo yu cu cho cc dch v IPTV (nh truyn hnh, Video, Games, v.v...). Cho n nay, th trng bng rng ti Vit Nam ang trong giai on pht trin bng n nhu cu v cn rt nhiu tim nng. S lng thu bao bng rng ca Vit Nam t xp x 200.000 vi s tham gia ca cc nh cung cp dch v VNPT,

FPT Telecom, Viettel, SPT, ... D kin n cui nm 2006, s lng thu bao bng rng ca Vit Nam s t khong 300.000 v n 2008 s lng ny s pht trin ln ti 800.000 1.000.000 thu bao. ng thi vi vic trin khai cc cng ngh hu tuyn xDSL/PON v cng ngh v tuyn bng rng (WiFi/WiMAX, CDMA, ...) ca cc nh cung cp dch v Vit Nam, th IPTV li cng c c hi pht trin mnh m v bo m cho s thnh cng ca loi hnh dch v mi ny. Vic chuyn i cu trc mng li t chuyn mch knh truyn thng theo thi gian sang mng NGN vi cng ngh chuyn mch gi l mt s chuyn i mnh m v cng ngh, ph hp vi xu th pht trin chung ca cc nc pht trin trn th gii. Do vy, cc nh cung cp dch v ca Vit Nam chn NGN lm bc pht trin tip theo trong vic tm kim cc gii php pht trin mng. Mng NGN s cho php trin khai cc dch v a dng vi gi thnh thp, gim thiu thi gian a dch v mi ra th trng, gim chi ph khai thc mng v dch v, ng thi nng cao hiu qu u t v to ngun doanh thu mi ngoi doanh thu t cc dch v truyn thng. NGN cho php tng cng kh nng kim sot, bo mt thng tin v tin cy trong khi gim thiu c chi ph vn hnh. NGN c xy dng trn tiu ch m, cc giao thc chun v giao din thn thin. NGN thng nht mng hu tuyn truyn thng v chun truyn ti m thanh, hnh nh, d liu khng dy.

KT LUN CHUNG kt lun ta thy IPTV ng dng k thut streaming media, thng qua mng bng rng truyn dn tn hiu truyn hnh digital n cc thu bao. Cc thu bao ch cn c thit b u cui l my tnh PC hoc TV+STB l c th thng thc c cc chng trnh truyn hnh phong ph. Hot ng ca IPTV l hot ng tng tc trn mng khng ch c cc chng trnh truyn hnh qung b m cn thc hin truyn hnh n a im theo yu cu (VOD). IPTV cn c cc dch v tng tc khc nh truyn thoi c hnh, email, du lch trn mng, hc tp t xa...IPTV cng cc hot ng thng tin trn bng tn rng kt hp c 3 mng (my tnh + vin thng + truyn hnh) biu th xu th pht trin ca mng truyn thng tng lai. Cc nh kinh doanh dch v vin thng bng rng khng ch cc nc tin tin nh M, Nht... m cc nc trong khu vc nh Trung Quc, Hn Quc, Hng Kng... ang pht trin mnh dch v IPTV IP-TV m ra mt hng i mi cho cc nh cung cp dch v bng thng rng ti Vit Nam l vic hi t, tch hp tt c cc dch v trn nn tng mng li IP, mng NGN l tin cho vic khai thc v pht trin cc dch v ny, ng thi cng a ra nhng thch thc cho cc nh cung cp dch v trong vic nng cp h thng mng truyn dn, m bo bng thng cho cc dch v tin tin nh IP-TV. Hin nay c rt nhiu nh khai thc dch v vin thng ln ang cnh tranh nhm cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v bng thng rng vi cht lng cao v gi r. H cng nhn ra xu hng pht trin ca truyn hnh trc tuyn v video theo yu cu, v ang c nhng bc i mnh m. Mt s website cung cp th nghim cc chung trnh truyn hnh trc tuyn ca VietNamNet, Cng ty VTC, i Truyn hnh thnh ph H Ch Minh ghi nhn s lng truy cp rt ln, cho thy sc hp dn ca dch v ny i vi cng chng. Tuy nhin, cho n nay mi ch c FPT Telecom l doanh nghip vin thng u

tin chnh thc khai thc v cung cp dch v IPTV trn h thng mng bng rng ADSL/ADSL 2+ t ngy 03/03/2006 sau mt nm th nghim v hin ti c 500 khch hng th nghim u tin. Hin ti, cc doanh nghip khc nh Viettel v VNPT cng ang chun b cho qu trnh trin khai dch v IPTV. Nhng thng tin trn chng t, th trng cung cp dch v IP-TV ti Vit Nam ang khi ng nhng bc u tin . Trong thi gian ti, dch v IP-TV s pht trin mt cch mnh m, em li nhiu la chn cho ngi dng trong lnh vc giitr. Tp on in lc Vit Nam - EVN, mt trong nhng nh cung cp dch v mng bng thng rng hng u ti Vit Nam, hin cng c nhng ng tc khi ng cho vic trin khai dch v IP-TV. Trc mt EVN ang hp tc vi hng Siemens tin hnh th nghim dch v IP-TV ti H Ni. Cng tc th nghim t c nhiu kt qu kh quan. D kin, dch v IP-TV ca EVN s c kh nng p ng ti 300 000 khch hng vo nm 2010 vi 3 trung tm phn phi ni dung ti H Ni, Nng, thnh ph H Ch Minh. IP-TV cung cp khong 40 knh truyn hnh qung b, hn 10000 b phim truyn Vit Nam v quc t, hn 50 knh gii tr, game, ca nhc, truyn hnh tng tc,...to cho khch hng mt la chn gii tr mi, hp dn, phong ph v a dng. Ngoi ra, EVN cng phi hp vi i Truyn hnh Trung ng (VTV) d kin cung cp dch v IP-TV quc t, phc v ng bo Vit Nam xa t quc xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh ti qu nh v kt hp kinh doanh IP-TV vi cc nh cung cp mng truyn dn khc ti nc ngoi m rng th trng v thng hiu cho EVN.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] White Paper - Delivering Optimal Quality of Experience (QoE) for IPTV Success - February 2006 - Spirent Communications, Inc. [2] High Quality and Resilient IPTV Multicast Architecture of Siemens Communications and Juniper Networks, Inc. [3] Tripleplay Services for carriers Video, Voice & Data Delivery over ADSL or Fiber - Allied Telesyn, Inc. - 1/17/04 - Rev. A [4] IPTV Explained Part 1&2 in a BSF Series of Broadband Services Forum [5] White paper-Alcatel Triple Play Service Delivery Architecture [6] IPTV architecture overview - Sven Ooghe april 2006 [7] White pager Delivering Triple Play Services - Transforming the Broadband Access Network - Alcatel [8] Technical Report DSL Forum TR-059 : DSL Evolution Architecture Requirements for the Support of QoS-Enabled IP Services - September 2003 [9] Technical Report DSL Forum TR-101 : Migration to Ethernet-Based DSL Aggregation - April 2006