by

CYCLONE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

Esco Engineering
179 Lansdowne Avenue,
Kingsville, Ontario N9Y 3J2 Canada
ph
519 733 3122
fax
519 733 6094
Contact: Neil Stone, Chief Engineer
e-mail
jnstone@mnsi.net
Website www.mnsi.net/~pas/esco.htm

Revisions
########
18-Jan-99
3-Apr-99
2-Dec-99
13-Dec-99

Corrected error in cell D14 on efficiency sheets

Added diagram
Corrected cell O7, Efficiency 1 - thanks to Laercio Frare for pointing out this error
Added metric option, NV sketch
Corrected error in density calc (size!E9, Efficiency 1! and 2!E19)

Copyright 1997 by John Neil Stone. All rights reserved.

May be redistributed free of charge, but may not be sold without the author's explicit permission.
Provided "as is" without warranty of any kind.

HOW TO USE THIS SPREADSHEET

NOTE: This spreadsheet is for the use of knowledgeable professionals, capable of evaluating the accuracy
of the results. The author is not responsible for the use to which these results are put.
1 The 'Cyclone size' sheet calculates dimensions for various standard cyclones.
Enter the flow rate, design inlet velocity and gas density in the colored squares
and the sheet will give dimensions for five standard cyclones - two high efficiency, and
three low efficiency. The table also gives the predicted pressure drop, but be aware that this is a
very uncertain calculation (see original references). See 'Diagram' sheet for nomenclature.
On the 'Cyclone size' sheet you specify the units you want to use - metric or US Customary (Imperial)
THIS UNITS SELECTION APPLIES TO ALL SHEETS
2 Two methods are provided for calculating cyclone efficiency. You can calculate both, and
compare the results on the chart. Both sheets are set up with the same layout, so data can be copied
between sheets easily.
3 The efficiency calculation requires particle size data, cyclone dimensions, and physical property
data for the gas and the solids. The calculation assumes that the size distribution of the particles
is log normally distributed. The sheet is set up so that you can enter either the mean and standard
deviation of the log normal distribution, or the particle size data, from which these data are then calculated.
4 Procedure for efficiency calculations:
a)
Enter the cyclone dimensions in cells D4 to D11. If you have calculated these using this
spreadsheet, the values in cells 13 to 20 for the selected cyclone design can be directly copied
into D4 to D11. NOTE: Paste special the values - do not just copy the cells.
b)
Enter the gas property data in cells D18 to D21.
c)
Enter the particulate data in cells D26 to D29. If you enter the mean and standard deviation, and
select 'N' for cell D28, then the overall efficiency is immediately given in cell H15, and the inlet and
outlet size distributions are given in cells O21 to O41 and R21 to R41.
d)
If you want to use the size distribution method, enter 'Y' in cell D28, and then the range limits starting in
cell N50 and the corresponding % in range starting in O50. If you want to use more than nine ranges, you
can extend these columns to as many rows as you want - just remember to copy the formulae
in columns M and P through T into any rows that you add.
After entering the size distribution data, You have to run the regression tool. Choose the 'Tools' menu
then 'Data Analysis' then 'Regression'. For the 'X' value pick all the values in column Q, starting in Q50;
for the 'Y' values, pick all the values in column T, starting in T50. For the 'Output range' enter V48. You will
get a message saying results will overwrite cells - pick OK.
Once the regression is done, the results are available, as described in c) above.
5 The chart sheet graphs the penetration (col P = 1 - fractional efficiency) against particle size for the two efficiency
calculation methods. CAUTION: The two efficiency sheets are not linked, so make sure they are both calculating
from the same data if you want to compare the two efficiency calculations!
6 The spreadsheet is protected in order to prevent accidental overwriting of the formulae.
However, there is no password needed to unprotect it, so you can freely adapt it to suit your purposes.

5/26/2013

147825050.xls.ms_office

DEFINITION OF CYCLONE DIMENSIONS

De

S
h

NV =

5/26/2013

ELEVATION

Neutral vane
Extension of inner
side if inlet to centerline
of cyclone
PLAN

147825050.xls.ms_office

Cyclone size

CALCULATE DIMENSIONS FOR CYCLONE

NOTES

SPECIFY UNITS (U = US CUSTOMARY[IMPERIAL], M = METRIC)

Input
Working
Flow rate
Q
cfm
2000
2000 cfm
Design inlet vel
vi
fps
50
50 fps
Gas density
rg
pcf
0.0740
0.074 pcf
Inlet area
0.67 sf
PD parameter
0.56 in water
Dimensions

Dia
Inlet ht
Inlet width
Outlet length
Outlet dia
Cylinder ht
Overall ht
Dust outlet dia
# vel hds
Press drop, no NV
Press drop, with NV

D
a
b
S
De
h
H
B
Nh

ft
in
in
ft
in
ft
ft
in
in water
in water

Stairmand
HE

Swift
HE

2.58
15.49
6.20
1.29
15.49
3.87
10.33
11.62
5.14
2.85
1.34

2.69
14.18
6.77
1.34
12.89
3.76
10.48
12.89
4.87
2.70
1.27

Sheet 1 is for sizing

Sheets 2/3 are for efficiency (alternates)
Sheet 4 are charts of results of sheets 2/3
U

Type of cyclone
Lapple
Swift
LE
LE
2.31
13.86
6.93
1.44
13.86
4.62
9.24
6.93
4.49
2.49
1.17

2.31
13.86
6.93
1.39
13.86
4.04
8.66
11.09
4.69
2.60
1.22

This setting applies to the whole spr

Peterson/Whitby
LE
2.34
16.40
5.85
1.37
14.07
3.13
7.43
14.07
4.77
2.65
1.24

Cyclone data from "New design approach boosts cyclone efficiency", W.H.Koch and W.Licht, Chem Eng Nov 7 1977, 80
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Ch

Page 3

Cyclone size

r efficiency (alternates)
ts of results of sheets 2/3

setting applies to the whole spreadsheet

Copy one col of outline

data (copy values only)
to efficiency sheet.

em Eng Nov 7 1977, 80

al and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Chem Eng, Jan 24, 1983, 99

Page 4

Efficiency 1

CALCULATE EFFICIENCY FOR CYCLONE (method 1)

CALCULATIONS ARE IN
US CUSTOMARY [IMPERIAL] UNITS
Geometry
Input
Working
Dia
D
ft
2.58
2.58
Inlet ht
a
in
15.49
15.49
Inlet width
b
in
6.20
6.20
Outlet length
S
ft
1.29
1.29
Oulet dia
De
in
15.49
15.49
Cylinder ht
h
ft
3.87
3.87
Overall ht
H
ft
10.33
10.33
Dust outlet dia
B
in
11.62
11.62
Natural length
L
ft
6.40
6.40
# vel hds
Nh
5.14
Press drop, no NV
in water
2.85
Press drop, with NV
in water
1.34
Gas data
Flow rate
Density
Viscosity
Temperature
Salt. temp fact
Salt dens. fact
Particle data
Log mean dia
Log SD
Use distribution? (Y/N)
Specific gravity

Q
rg
u
T
fT
fp

acfm
pcf
cP
F

dp
sd

m
m

2000
0.0740
0.010
60
1.00
1.00

Limits/warnings

Overall efficiency

2000.00 33.33333 cfs

0.0740
0.076 air @ 1 atm, spec'd temp
0.010 6.72E-06 lb/f-s
60
1
1

Value used
12 11.905565
3 3.1077764
y
0.8

If yes, run regression - adjust input ranges (cols Q

49.92 pcf

References
Efficiency from "New design approach boosts cyclone efficiency",
W.H.Koch and W.Licht, Chem Eng Nov 7 1977, 80
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure
drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Chem Eng, Jan 24, 1983, 99

Statistical correlation constants

2.515517
0.802853
0.010328
1.432788
0.189269
0.001308

Page 5

Efficiency 1

Page 6

Efficiency 1

Calculated data
Log SD
Inlet velocity
Ratio inlet/salt vel
Corrected L
Core dia
Eff vol
Inlet vol
Cycl const
G
Vortex exp

1.133907
50
2.155166
6.397135
1.628202
26.49728
2.534862
0.916939
733.5509
1.648398

fps
ft
ft
cf
cf
Kc
n+1

84.2 %
Efficiency calcs
Dia, um
Min

m, spec'd temp

0
0.4
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
3.6
4.2
4.8
7
10
13
16
22
28
34
40
49
64
79

n - adjust input ranges (cols Q,T) to suit data

Distribution data
Size, um
Min
0
2
3

Page 7

Max
0.4
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
3.6
4.2
4.8
7
10
13
16
22
28
34
40
49
64
79
94

Inlet mass frn

fraction
0.0020
0.0028
0.0168
0.0260
0.0309
0.0330
0.0336
0.0333
0.0324
0.1080
0.1197
0.0926
0.0724
0.1052
0.0698
0.0486
0.0351
0.0372
0.0384
0.0220
0.0136
0.9736
Overall efficiency

Cum %
Max
2
3
5

6
11
22

Efficiency 1

5
10
20
30
40
50

Page 8

10
20
30
40
50
100

44
67
80
85
90
97

Efficiency 1

Penetration Outlet amt Outlet mass

fraction
0.8752
0.0017
0.0111
0.7215
0.0020
0.0129
0.6321
0.0106
0.0672
0.5304
0.0138
0.0871
0.4579
0.0141
0.0893
0.4020
0.0133
0.0839
0.3568
0.0120
0.0758
0.3195
0.0106
0.0672
0.2879
0.0093
0.0590
0.2346
0.0254
0.1602
0.1640
0.0196
0.1241
0.1126
0.0104
0.0659
0.0805
0.0058
0.0368
0.0530
0.0056
0.0352
0.0305
0.0021
0.0135
0.0185
0.0009
0.0057
0.0117
0.0004
0.0026
0.0071
0.0003
0.0017
0.0034
0.0001
0.0008
0.0014
0.0000
0.0002
0.0006
0.0000
0.0001
0.1582
1.0000
Overall efficiency
84.2 %

% in
range

Int calcs
Distribution
fl
fh
0
0.009991
0.018218
0.037832
0.048784
0.054068
0.056018
0.05603
0.054921
0.053178
0.04504
0.034769
0.026983
0.021255
0.013811
0.009455
0.006743
0.004969
0.003297
0.00183
0.001106

ln dia max
6 0.693147 2.372092 1.555097
5 1.098612 2.101083 1.226669
11 1.609438 1.740188 0.77197

0.009991
0.018218
0.037832
0.048784
0.054068
0.056018
0.05603
0.054921
0.053178
0.04504
0.034769
0.026983
0.021255
0.013811
0.009455
0.006743
0.004969
0.003297
0.00183
0.001106
0.000711

Relax time
tl
th
0
7.11E-07
1.6E-06
6.4E-06
1.44E-05
2.56E-05
4E-05
5.76E-05
7.84E-05
0.000102
0.000218
0.000444
0.000751
0.001137
0.00215
0.003483
0.005136
0.007108
0.010667
0.018197
0.027727

7.11E-07
1.6E-06
6.4E-06
1.44E-05
2.56E-05
4E-05
5.76E-05
7.84E-05
0.000102
0.000218
0.000444
0.000751
0.001137
0.00215
0.003483
0.005136
0.007108
0.010667
0.018197
0.027727
0.039256

SUMMARY OUTPUT
-1.5551
-1.22667
-0.77197

Page 9

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.999874
R Square 0.999749

Penetration
pl
1
0.750367
0.692614
0.571628
0.48908
0.426729
0.377171
0.336522
0.302446
0.273417
0.195875
0.132112
0.09317
0.06775
0.038174
0.022821
0.014227
0.009157
0.004951
0.001947
0.000832

Efficiency 1

22
23
13
5
5
7

2.302585
2.995732
3.401197
3.688879
3.912023
4.60517

1.28139
1.489069
1.794123
1.947881
2.145966
2.648229

0.150652
0.43948
0.841457
1.036431
1.281729
1.881213

-0.15065
0.43948
0.841457
1.036431
1.281729
1.881213

Adjusted R Square
0.999713
Standard Error
0.022894
Observations
9
ANOVA
df
Regression
Residual
Total

SS
1 14.59118
7 0.003669
8 14.59485

Coefficients
Standard Error
Intercept
2.477006 0.007748
X Variable 1 1.133907 0.006796

Page 10

Efficiency 1

Penetration
ph
0.750367
0.692614
0.571628
0.48908
0.426729
0.377171
0.336522
0.302446
0.273417
0.195875
0.132112
0.09317
0.06775
0.038174
0.022821
0.014227
0.009157
0.004951
0.001947
0.000832
0.000378

Page 11

Efficiency 1

MS
F
Significance F
14.59118 27837.76 7.33E-14
0.000524

t Stat
319.6806
166.8465

P-value Lower 95%Upper 95%

Lower 95.000%
Upper 95.000%
7.74E-16 2.458684 2.495328 2.458684 2.495328
7.33E-14 1.117837 1.149978 1.117837 1.149978

Page 12

Efficiency 2

CALCULATE EFFICIENCY FOR CYCLONE (method 2)

CALCULATIONS ARE IN
US CUSTOMARY [IMPERIAL] UNITS
Geometry
Input
Working
Dia
D
ft
3.33
3.33
Inlet ht
a
in
20.00
20.00
Inlet width
b
in
8.00
8.00
Outlet length
S
ft
1.67
1.67
Oulet dia
De
in
20.00
20.00
Cylinder ht
h
ft
5.00
5.00
Overall ht
H
ft
13.33
13.33
Dust outlet dia
B
in
15.00
15.00
Natural length
L
ft
8.26
8.26
# vel hds
Nh
5.14
Press drop, no NV
in water
1.03
Press drop, with NV
in water
0.48
Gas data
Flow rate
Density
Viscosity
Temperature
Salt. temp fact
Salt dens. fact

Q
rg
u
T
fT
fp

Particle data
Log mean dia
dp
Log SD
sd
Use distribution? (Y/N)
Specific gravity
Re-entrainment coeff alpha

acfm
pcf
cP
F

2000
0.0740
0.010
60
1.00
1.00

Limits/warnings

Overall efficiency

2000.00 33.33333 cfs

0.0740
0.076 air @ 1 atm, spec'd temp
0.010 6.72E-06 lb/f-s
60
1
1

Value used
24 11.905565
3 3.1077764

um
um
y

If yes, run regression - adjust input ranges (cols Q,T)

5
312 pcf
0 default = 0 (see original paper for definition)

References
Efficiency from "A new collection theory of cyclone separators",
L.Enliang & W Yingmin, AIChEJ Vol 35, #4 April 1989, 666
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure
drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Chem Eng, Jan 24, 1983, 99

Statistical correlation constants

2.515517
0.802853
0.010328
1.432788
0.189269
0.001308

Page 13

Efficiency 2

Page 14

Efficiency 2

Calculated data
Log SD
Inlet velocity
fps
Ratio inlet/salt vel
Vortex exp
1-n
theta
rw
rn
uw
Dr

1.133907
30
0.969756
0.205812
37.41762
1.666667
0.833333
46.44141
0.100623

91.4 %

m, spec'd temp

Efficiency calcs
Dia, um
Min
0
0.4
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
3.6
4.2
4.8
7
10
13
16
22
28
34
40
49
64
79

n - adjust input ranges (cols Q,T) to suit data

Distribution data
Size, um
Min
0
2
3

Page 15

Max
0.4
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
3.6
4.2
4.8
7
10
13
16
22
28
34
40
49
64
79
94

Inlet mass frn

Penetration Outlet amt
fraction
0.0020
0.9998
0.0020
0.0028
0.9987
0.0028
0.0168
0.9814
0.0165
0.0260
0.9000
0.0234
0.0309
0.7003
0.0216
0.0330
0.4072
0.0134
0.0336
0.1523
0.0051
0.0333
0.0303
0.0010
0.0324
0.0024
0.0001
0.1080
0.0001
0.0000
0.1197
0.0000
0.0000
0.0926
0.0000
0.0000
0.0724
0.0000
0.0000
0.1052
0.0000
0.0000
0.0698
0.0000
0.0000
0.0486
0.0000
0.0000
0.0351
0.0000
0.0000
0.0372
0.0000
0.0000
0.0384
0.0000
0.0000
0.0220
0.0000
0.0000
0.0136
0.0000
0.0000
0.9736
0.0860
Overall efficiency
91.4

Cum %
Max
2
3
5

6
11
22

% in
range

ln dia max
6 0.693147
5 1.098612
11 1.609438

Efficiency 2

5
10
20
30
40
50

Page 16

10
20
30
40
50
100

44
67
80
85
90
97

22
23
13
5
5
7

2.302585
2.995732
3.401197
3.688879
3.912023
4.60517

Efficiency 2

Outlet mass
fraction
0.0232
0.0328
0.1919
0.2720
0.2513
0.1564
0.0596
0.0117
0.0009
0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
%

Int calcs
Distribution
fl
fh
0
0.009991
0.018218
0.037832
0.048784
0.054068
0.056018
0.05603
0.054921
0.053178
0.04504
0.034769
0.026983
0.021255
0.013811
0.009455
0.006743
0.004969
0.003297
0.00183
0.001106

0.009991
0.018218
0.037832
0.048784
0.054068
0.056018
0.05603
0.054921
0.053178
0.04504
0.034769
0.026983
0.021255
0.013811
0.009455
0.006743
0.004969
0.003297
0.00183
0.001106
0.000711

kh

wh

lh

0.000309
0.000695
0.002781
0.006258
0.011126
0.017384
0.025033
0.034072
0.044503
0.094646
0.193155
0.326431
0.494476
0.934868
1.514332
2.232867
3.090474
4.637643
7.911613
12.05478
17.06714

0.00574
0.012914
0.051658
0.11623
0.206631
0.32286
0.464919
0.632806
0.826522
1.757795
3.587337
6.062599
9.183582
17.36271
28.12472
41.46961
57.39739
86.13196
146.9373
223.8857
316.9771

1.17E-05
5.95E-05
0.000952
0.004818
0.015228
0.037177
0.07709
0.142819
0.243644
1.102002
4.589762
13.10882
30.07946
107.5179
282.1125
613.3464
1174.979
2645.906
7700.343
17877.16
35834.52

SUMMARY OUTPUT
2.372092 1.555097
2.101083 1.226669
1.740188 0.77197

-1.5551
-1.22667
-0.77197

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.999874
R Square 0.999749

Page 17

Penetration
pl
ph
1
0.99956
0.997777
0.965015
0.835033
0.565647
0.248807
0.055881
0.004777
0.00011
1.24E-18
2.6E-75
9.5E-214
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.99956
0.997777
0.965015
0.835033
0.565647
0.248807
0.055881
0.004777
0.00011
1.24E-18
2.6E-75
9.5E-214
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Efficiency 2

1.28139
1.489069
1.794123
1.947881
2.145966
2.648229

0.150652
0.43948
0.841457
1.036431
1.281729
1.881213

-0.15065
0.43948
0.841457
1.036431
1.281729
1.881213

Adjusted R Square
0.999713
Standard Error
0.022894
Observations
9
ANOVA
df
Regression
Residual
Total

SS
MS
F
1 14.59118 14.59118 27837.76
7 0.003669 0.000524
8 14.59485

Coefficients
Standard Error t Stat
P-value
Intercept
2.477006 0.007748 319.6806 7.74E-16
X Variable 1 1.133907 0.006796 166.8465 7.33E-14

Page 18

Efficiency 2

Page 19

Efficiency 2

Significance F
7.33E-14

Lower 95%Upper 95%

Lower 95.000%
Upper 95.000%
2.458684 2.495328 2.458684 2.495328
1.117837 1.149978 1.117837 1.149978

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charts

EFFICIENCY
Koch and Licht

Enliang

1.2000

1.0000

Penetration

0.8000

0.6000

0.4000

0.2000

0.0000
0

10

15
Particle dia um

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20

25

charts

25

30

Page 22