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+ . 9+ )8 ( 0:

?@A> ;<=>
p_bp [brp deb qa`e _hbg aj` ng[ _geb ipk _mnde a`_ )cbob _mnde l` hijk )_ged f[g de caa _`\ab
e\ _hbg qa`e _hbg aeg )de_[a phjt e\ qge p_bp [brp deb )fs`] e\ qa`e _hbg aj` ng[ )qge
lao`b bpitbp` ub]p deb hegp de aj` caa _hbg _ge pe\ fgt la[jbn fgt laitbp fgt f` pae\ epaa_be
epn[` )la_bfj fgt egdn ebffd lan_p fgt fad lbipka\ atm egdn aef` epaa_be` d\p[e\ leg dt\
)]a\w abo e`ab va_n[ bipk p_gbeb pm_tg lan_p a_brj dtd edmeb fag] pga\]e eaf egdn aefg ]bkja\
_npg\ [j _` [st epaa_be` d\p[e\ leg ede fs`]d b\i pad\ etdg\ e\`n eajdkd laah_t bja]pe
fgt bfaaja` itp[g fs`]b fad]d lapaaw l\n\ epjo`\ eaa]a\w dt ef\ epaa_be` ed\p[ed eadad`
)fa` pae epgti\ em_ e_] aef _ge lbng[ a`_ )ajanag[p qdb]d va`a[]g va_`i vajo` p`[baf fbg]be\
qdb]d va`a[]g va_`i )bfaap]n` lbfgn edmeb de_[a vn epbdo` afae\ de_[a phjt e\ vajo` p`[baf
pe ajae_f _ge pe\ fgt ajanag[f )epbdo` qpi`[bp db]d qdb]d lapaaw bfdt )laedn laa_[g )ajanag[f
aeg] epi`[bp pad ef\ epaa_be` ad\p[g\ eaa_`i lbjae\ ed] ajanag[f )qdb] pe ajanag[f qae_g
eadad oadk \tgb epaa_be` ed\p[ed letm\ lbjae dt dbta`t lbng[ a`_ _ge )epaa_be` ad\p[g\ lbjaet
rbi fa` ea_[\ ede \bn edb epjat[` lahieb ua]pe etdg akje ed`]d egga _afj \t epajb_rg` laapeb
fd`]d l\aie\ ladg lbje` afbg_o _gpha epjat[` u]pped atm\ legdt ami ep )ejga]be\ fgt \hi d[
e\aie de_[a phjt dbta`t fag_o _arj\ leg dtb _tj de p` lbot e[a\] pe` a_][g ed\ lbjae )leg lbot
fewp[ed de_[a laamipe lbng[ a`_ _geb )aefd aj]b atm ae [stb vd[ fad pga\]e eafb cad e_rjb ca`
lftf l_fe l` _mnde l` hijk `apt\ ebf e\f emob_ qat[b e\`bn aefd hijk va\]e\ _` epn[ ebff`
)ape e] e\`bn esj e\`be egd[ed ajgm a_p l` l` lbng[ a`_e )cbob _mnde l` hijk _ie _`\ )cbob `a[f
ejeb etdg\ er[b]` _][g bdaet fa` l]ppa\ atm edb epg[j\ edbodo darj\ [j _` aef lbng[ a`_ _ge
_bgo ]a\w ljajp )a_`e ed\ cad `r f` [itb )_][ dn n`[jb f` [itb f\`e ewg be e_] aef fadn eja_]
abdg` vad[ ed\ leg atb _bgo bjae[ ]\w ebf legb _bgo ]a\w ebf leg )fi\j _bgo bjae[ ]a\wb fi\j bjae
la_a` `wib l_b[ la]peb laaj` aj` fapjhie`b laga]n ladbodo darj ed ef\ na\a _bgo ]a\w ede a_]e ]a\w
e\bha aj`e la]pe ef _\neb la_a` f` _ki e_ie epjhie` laaj` aj`\ _bgo bjae[ ]a\w )lajdae nrjb
bed epjhie ebff\ e_rhgb a_]e ]a\wb `r cada\ e_rhg )fada\ _ep[e ae n\a edb f` dgneb lag\]dgt
ed ejaaj` ef la_rh dtg ega]n na][ fad agib e\bha` dtphe amigd lea l_ak[ laaj` aj`\ [j _`d )atf
_ak[b `r itp[e fada\ ejaaj` ebff\ e_rhg lag\]dgt cad la]peb fad _ph\ \n vad[
9EIL HK= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
_bgo bjae[ ]a\w qt lao` vad[ ejaaj` a_]e ed vad[ e\`bn a_]e ed qt lao`b va]nb [a` e\bha\ e_rhg
fdb\od atma ed bdake\ fs`]\ e[a\] eg[d ej]g\ leg ami ep )bjgg ]a\w n[_ nd`t e\ dnb fi\jb a_]e
ebff` fad amipe ed hijk )fad daanb fad pa_a e\b fd darjb fd ibb_ fd pa_a\ esh fd amipe edb
)fedn fjbft` e[gp[ed ftmb edt fa` l]ppeb edtd ]adhb edtd ibb_ fa_eg\ eg[d ej]\ lao`b ejgm
fg l]ppe\ fa_eg\ eg[d ej]\ lao` lao_\ la_pd vad[e\ lftf l_fe l` _mnde l` hijk epn[ eaffg
xv]npe\
e_] _p`db edtphed pae e_]\ fakbh )cbob q\`n n[bf aje \ahi at a[kj f_g[ _geb ipk f\bfa a`_
ed\ fad ir`g \b\ dbta`t ede qade irb`f aeg cad an`g q` irb`f qade irb`f `apt e_]\ fakbh )edt
3

_[]peb vb]e ede fad an`g apg] )qd pb\bfd vb]e fdad pbwi `apt\ fgt epj[` eadad pbodk fad _`na
)la_a]ab laedn lam_ f` pae ed\ epaa_be` pe pad\ ljajp efb fad an`g _bg[ a[kj f_g[ )lagdnd q`
p_agd eape egdn aefg pe]kj e[kj \t\ [kj fa` \iepe\ e]dbi ebffd f_g[ _ge] fs`]d f_g[
_arj cf aefb efptb\\ e_b\g` fd ednedb fd e_rjdb ed`]d la]kj laedn ladai fgt atm ae ape\ egdn
eaffd abb _`d fd bi\b fd`]d ljg\me la_afr aja\_o fgt atm ed aeb ap`[b ai\a [a_` fgn e\ieped fd
\b\b )nd]f ut qbp` fjnd]a qa`abe [kj peb `apt\ ebf e\f epakhb]` ej`et ej]a_` pdodopg\ )e[kj
lbipka fd`]d qd lbipka qd`]d esh arg \tb _`d fd lbi\a ed\ a[kj f_g[ _geb fs`] ag] fapbn` an`
qt lao` vajgejf \b\ a\hi `apt\ lae f\bfa a`_ _ge )a_]e \ahi atb aje \ahi at )qg] fd d`]pb laipk fd
y_e aefd pa_a ]a\w` e]dbi fad pae\ [j _` dt _ge ]iwa a`_ )_`d qfgd fd ]b`[p ed\ a[kj f_g[
\ahi ej\aie _pe aef`\ _p` \b\ _ge a_]e \ahi ]a\w aefb cbob va]a\w vdt qgnb h v[ `apt\ fgt
xq` e_[]ped a[kj f_g[ qt lao`b )aje
`apt\ ebf e\f )_apa [\]f lb[db la]pk lan`[ uadbe\ fbg]be ef )cbob bg[ uhbfa` pb\n ipk eai a`_
fdg eaffd ca` e\aie pbf _karbk\ fappe\ epn[` ami ep )pb\n aeg d`e )ng[e apn\a ed pk[ v[
pa[e_` `apt\ epaa_p` epn[ eaff \n egba dt` ltb fda\ ej[ad n\a ed\ legt fag_o \a`n uhba fbf
fad`]d ibbw [\]f ib_b )ej[ad n\a ed\ legt fag_o \a`n\ lao` ede bfhkppb aeg b\o`` bfhkppb rd
f` _[]pe aefg fag_o _arj\ leg dt ede dsg] aeg )f]adif fa_ge fa_tjg f_m f[eg q_g[d m ad[g
hijk` uhbpae ca etf ube bg[ uhbfa` pb\n `apt\ )fa` uhbpe\ cf ebf aegb pb\n ebff` \aieb epjat[`
xaef` aj]\ dn
fgt fad an`g vd[b_a pe )lbaw pe bj_tm` bjat` vo bj`[a v[ d`` pb_fj dn md] vadfp ipk ehaa a`_
e_ak[b fea e_a]a edtaf dsbf\ [j _`d )lbaw pe bj_tm` aeg )ajaga it[p vd[b_a qit[e ve v[ `apt\
leg\ e_nw )ea_[ epbdo` epjat[ etf ube edtaf\ fa_eg\ bed )ebf leg\ e_nw )fad b\a]beb larhd bpe
ebff bj_tm` lbaw pe bj_tm` etf ube [gg \`e \`e ]a\wf `apt\ fbg]be\ fgt ef edmeb )]a\w\ bed ebf
ftm aef _arjb aef` fa_eg\ eg[ _a]be\ leg ehaa a`_ _ge )ebf fada\ e_nw efobbm dn fada\ e_nw
dt dn bpbe lpjb `aptb bd _[e fj[gf p`t_g` bpbe `t_ab `apt\ uhbag ldjg edt dn fa_eg fad _a]ba\
va_wg y_e
9MIL FK= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
fag] bfaagba] dn lagaa] eag bbf edb epag\]` bo` den uhba\ ejb\e ega pa de_[a b_`n \t ede \bn edb
e_]ad atm ami ep )fwbif ewab hjab fa` `apt\ ebff fe_ ede hbjab aeg hbjab fe_ vaf `apt\ ebf e\i
de _geab legab v[ `apt\ f` e]`\ped en` ed\ lgm ebff lao` aege baai` )fappag` e_]ad atmb abaai`
bf[kppb `apt\ lbat egdn aef` ftm qt lao` fgn pbafd fdwe `t[d fade ng[ edb `aptb )basj\e p[e
egdn aef` drj fa\a\ fad amipe atfb fedn eptb_k bod den\ _p`d atm fwbif ewab hjab `aptb b\o``
b]kj\ lbjae dtg _apa egaa]d ftmb ape\ egdn` ftmb egdn aef` atm hijk )e_ie egdn` drj fa\a\b
e\`bn \`n ed \n ejftd ftm ef\ esj ed\ egap aeb )fa_p`e abj` dtb ebf fedn ejftd ftmb va_wgg
bafded ej] _[e pip ejga]be aeg` ede )atf bed v\b] ftm\ ed\ a_ge\ lbjae ef\ ed esh lae e\
fapjbft fad dahk [kj dar]\ lft dt ami ep )v\b] fbf ed\ fg epjbft ibb_ e\ e\`bn lao`\ ng[g\
fs`]d fad ej]\ lao`b fbf ejftd dahk eja\ lg hijkb fa`od fada\ eo_\ ebff dahk ae\b ef\ lagdnd
hijk ebf va[_ ami ep ]iwa a`_ _ge )la_\ a_\d fa_p`e abj`db fad lagdn pjbft fad ehid qa_rwe
xajgpe va_wgg b]kj\ lbjae vn ef\ egdnd ]bka ed \n eppd ebf va[_b edand
3.

apa_` pe bd lpbj ajjf hijk` `apt\ ef ahba a`_ _ge e_`\g` adme bbf eaai a`_b ahba a`_b _mnde a`_
aj` _e[t pag ed ae\b pag ed\ egap aeb abja\` l\pe edb lagdnd fa` rad[ ed\ pbgf qedgg vbd[ vbd[
fedn ep`beap` egdng ]dphe \tb \aie fedn pa_` aef`\ lao` e_\ aj` dt dn lagba qa_beb egdn
xegdn aj` _e[g ]dphe e_ak[ fapb]a`\`b
ed\ e[j aj` lbjaed abb ami ep )cbob caa qedg ajkd \gbn db\of lftf n[bfa pe aje_ab _geb ipk _mnde a`_
a\b]k` edtphed [j _` epe )laiao[g edb bfaadn a_e] emb_t egbab egba dtb lbfa_eg\ e_]a` ledtphg
la\`bn lbjae epaa_be a\b]k dn \`neb [j _` epe )`rd fadn e_t\ed lagaa] la_boajh fgt epaa_be
)bjr[d bjaga dn \gbn lr[fb fa` `apt fg fbg]beb fbf db\o lft n[bfa )fs`] ag] [a`d fadn la_boar]
faf n[bfab `apt fg agi )fgtb fgt pie dn lbfa_eg\ e_]a` adtphg ed\ egdn aj` _e[` qt aef` fgb
fetm )egdn ebff` eib_ fa` e[`dpe\ la[b`d lbjae ae\b vaebw va\o` d`e )fbg]beb vaebw va\o` [b`d
la[b`d lbjae vjfaod edned laan`\ leg dt _gpe efb egdn ebff` lagd[b laj]ppg ab[b`d\ leg\ fa]dbi
e\ qedg leg )qedgf ajkd \gbnb vaebw v\o` [b`d faf n[bfab etf `apt fg lbjae qaf fad la[`dg\
vaebwf va\o`f b_hf _geb ed] `ape\ \n la[b`d lbjae` agi\ leg dn ejggb vjfao dn ejgg\ qedg
ap_`nf fe_ bade _geab )vaebw va[b`d lbjae fad la\`n [j _`\ la[` la\`bn\ edtphed pe etfg )badng
e_]a bam` [j _` dtphe bf`\ lj]ppg laj_ie la[b`d faja[a`de )pbwdig qpbe [`dfb qjbn qadng
bf` ajfpe eib_\ laj_ie la[b`d fag] bj]ppe\ \n egdng ]dphe ed\ hijk e\ ejbbot ami ep )fa_eg\
egdnd
9EIL FK= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
adme bbf\ \n )vbd[ apa_` pe bd lpbj ajjf `apt\ egaa]d lade` [`dpeb ladeg r[kpe e\i epn[` )ape\
_ge )ebf e[kj\ epbb\i edw ae\b _mnde a`_ _ge e_`\g\ e_jr \i\ edw pbip b`pab eka]p fbf e[g[
lade _mnde eje d`e ebf atf ae\b eaai a`_ _ge )bf` b_npe eaa_`ib _gpe ef _mnde a`_d eaai a`_
fdg fedn e[a\] ejawb`d ejng[ a`_ _ge )bfaadn v]agd ejan` oi\ fe_p` egba \n fj[f [e_g lagba
_ak[b fdg bg]be eaa_`i\ `o dn ue _mnde a`_ _ge )fa` ejgae] ed \n dse )fdg ebff egae dse )bf`
qaf \i` edt e\bia\ e_b\h _gpe ef ami ep ed]i a\wig la` ebf epgti\ em_ agba ajf\ e_b\h d`e ebf
fa`\ eg]bj eadp fa`\ fnb[ eadp fa`\ e\i enb_\ e\ b[\] nb_m pe caa u[i _geb ipk )_gpe efb abf
fgt fd`]d _npe aef \tb e\it eobb\med fa`od fd ed`]db e_kng asjtd fd v]agd fgdb ej]_bk eadp
cbob [e_d pip bdeg[ _ge pe\ fgt e_`iped ef[a_ pbip enb_\ ebff ija\ \n egdn` ea_[ bdai\
_p`d la_afj lakje dtb egnd` eaa_[ epbb\i la\t e]`id ejaga ape _p`d )la`bi _ktgb eja\ eiaj la\tb
ed\ fg ae\b b\ieb edt\ epbb\ib edt\ bgad[ ebf l\t e\b_k ed` \ie a_]e edt la\tb ekbo` pobb\me
fj[f [e_` )oi\ fe_p` egba \n fj[f [e_g )lagba ajf\ e_b\h aef\ ejbbot ajgm _e[` atf itp[e
vad[ ep`bap` ejgm ebff an`b eja\` bdai\` egdn dt la\tb epajb_rgd fd ed`]d edeg[\ enb_\ _npe
epbb\i \`ngd ei_ad fn[p` edtaf aj` laan`b epajb_rg peape _p`d fs`] ag] egdn eitp[ed
pbip edeg[ febb[d fda\ eobbm ebf e_ie egba` epajb_rg\ eobbm` bfaag_o fet\d e_fj` d`rgdb
e_ktgb bfaa`bi dn epajnp` de_[a la\tb )a[e_d pip bdeg[ _ge pe\ fgt etdg\ e[a_ esj ef[a_
fd fd`]g edeg[\ lbat edtaf aj` dt la_ktpgb efobbm` epajb_rgd efkje p_afje fedn egae ef\ bfd
l\tb e]`id lao` fd`]d ejaga _npa oi\ feg\] egba` )edeg[ dn eaa_[ epajb_rg\ e[a_\ egba aef`
fb\i\ lajam dt` a\igd e[j aj` laan`b ei`\g dn ethjd ldadw vag\ epbb\ib la_afj lakje dtb ebb\i dt
egba` _p`d )en[np[ed eaf epbb\i la\t edt` qa_rwe epbb\i ejaga a_e[\ _pe dt` va_o ejaga ef\
edt\ bgad[ ebf e\b \i edt abfgd edt\ eobbm ebf ekbo\ eobbm la\t ef\ ebf epa_be\ epbb\i fejagp
3H

la\ egdn` de_[a lbjae laetm )e_ied e]dbi fa` pad\ bfaa\bid` bf\a\ e`\nb ae\b bfae de_[a\ egba e\b
xcbob qafde caad fpe [b\] vn at `apt bfaadn ape\ egdn`b
\`e a]j ebf ag ej _tm ipk f\bfa a`_ )cbob de_[a aj` dng apgi pe `a[f lftf l_fe l` _mnde l` hijk
lao` pa_`f _tbm qb_` et_`d qa_rie la_afj esh abjbbo` p[] agi\ leg ljajp lgp b\itj va_[a fkaeb
fs`] ab[\ e[a\] egaa] pa_` bfae e\\
9MIL NO= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
aef lbd _at\ la\tb lbd e\`bed fs`] an` egdn` la`aai beaoh \t\ lao` ejkbr ag fdn apaa ed\ en_e`
fgt fegbe bfae e\ pbtfd \bn uahbe edb dd]d uahbe ed )ed ed ajgm a_p `apt\ en_ed agbe\ fegbe
xij ag _b`ng apn`[j _[e `apt\
fad fe]ded etdg epe fad`]d `i fa_`\ lajgm dt\ etdgd )egdn dn ejoed epe p[] _ge ahba a`_
_btmd fapae_b`apt\ f` a\ib fa_`\ emob_ ]adh fdagi etdg )btdg\ _]a [b`d` epajb_rg fadn eadope
pa_` bfae egdn` ]a\w pae\ epn[`b btdg\ _]a a[b`d` ede egdn` p[] amipe ed e\ dnb vdbn pa_`
p[] lao` ede e\`bed egaa] bfae egdn ef\ femiped p[] ef ]a\w abf ed )egdn dn laoeb pa_` v]agd
e\ e]b_a )_bbaib ]gbhb ]b_a )aeg\] lf`e\ e[b`d` ede e\ p[] [`dpe ed vdbnd _ge _mnde a`_ )e\
e]gbh eape\ ]iwa lbbo e\ e]gbh )deng[a fajg ]kj \t e\ lbbo esh e[b`d n`rwe vf_`e\ e[b`d
e\ e_bbi )b[n fa` \iepe\ va\eg\ e`tt \n eppd e]gbh ebff q[gpeb )b[n fajg ]akj \t n`rweb
ejawb` _ge atf d`e ebf pbea _ge e`e a`_ )lagdnd afbkje bjp[e ed ef\ `]n\ e`r e[b`d bfae
la_p la` ega]\ `]na ebf e\ ]b_a ae\b ]iwa e\ e]gbh )e_bj\ e_bbi` l`dpe\ vf_`e e\ _bbi )e[a\]
fpn ed ebf atfb fbf vad[ fah_n dt ef\ b_bi bajk fpn edb `]na [b`a fpn ed `]na` fa` `aptb lajbbo
_bbi lbbo` femiped vf_`et b_bia bajk fpn edb )b[n fajg ]kj\ ]iwat ]gbh lbbo` femiped `]na [b`a
fada\ lf`e dn bf` e_rnped lajbbo drj ede )deng[a fajg ]kj\
9EIL NO= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
e_rnpg\ \sba pe eaf e[a\] pa_`\ em_ ami ep )etdg ag] amipe\ epn[` p[] p[`dfg la[b`d lade`b
va[_pe pa_` dn hijk aj]\ lao`b lagdnd _a\p pa_`` va[_pe\ bfae e\b esh efb fedn bga[_`
bfae e\ dnb e[a\] fedn \sba bog ]akj\ ae\b pa_` bfae\ \sba bfae e_anm \sba hijk e\ pe etf fag[`
\a`epe edb _bnk\ e`bi ebffg a]j ebf atfb egdn bog \a`epe ed\ e[a\] etdg ag] vad[ egba]` vae]
beawp[e ed\ bfa`eb `\j lade )b\itj va_[a fkaeb egdn bog \a`epe edb esh egdn\ e[a\] bog _a\p
xfajao` egdn ebff lg
9MIL CK= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
bfaap\a`n aeg ebfa`eb `\j dse )fa_` _mnde a`_ fag]d epe )e\ ep[_k` andb `apa fbf lbng[ a`_
fbf egdn` hijk d`e _ak[ bfaaptb\ vad[eb egdnd epe _p`b bpag \t egdn` hijk fbf ed ae hijk`
ed egdn lg b]dphe\ epn[`\ ebf atfb atf fedn em_ a_` dse )ae] egba]` fa` fapg[jb ae] lohb esh
ef\ etdg\ ej]ba\ b_anme\ vfd baf ed vaj`b `apt\ lao` egnr aeg )e[a\] e_jr ak\o pbip l_grpg bbf
]adhb lahbdtbe fgt bo` denb e[a\] pa_` dn hijk aj]\ epn[` )f`_ ejbft` e[g[d lbmipe ed lbjae
ei_k fa`od bpe\ lahbdte fgt` lbng[\ er`[ egi \t de_[a dt\ lbfajand eigb_ dn lakaaod lbd
fapg[j p_\fpeb e\it bdadtpeb f` b`a_]pe eptb\ ed` lae_ar_n bbf\ lapg[j la_pb fajg fapg[j
34

amipe ed\ fg e`_ ejft abfagd bfaaptb\ ibb_ la\t fa` bk]ppeb laib_ la_p` dadtpe\ eib_ edadt
fi_k \t faib_ \a`e edb epn[ eaff` \a`epe ed\ \`e a]j ebf ag ej _tm `apt e\ dnb ej\ pg\] lg
l` l` hijk` fa` `apt e\ dnb lbfaai` \`e\ fg egdnd b_\fpe\ l_fe aj` lade )b\itj va_[a fkaeb )fajg
n]bfb vnf a[e_ dt pe i] f[g de caa _geab )e\ ep[_kg edand `apt fg )l` _mnde l` hijk )ajgm a_p
a`_ _ge )[g[f \oj `apt e`an\ egba` egga` ladr]\ dn be eadad` ladr]\ dn atb )[g[f \oj caad vpbe
etfg ede _gpe qt lao` bed lbng[ a`_ _ge )eaadope` b`i\ fgt eaadope` lbfppag efp\ f\bfa
e[a\] pa_`` b`i lbjae )fa[kjd epj]p \`ngd qa_rwe _pe ebffd fs`]d [j _` `i\ eo_\` ejkadbe
[j _` qa_rwe ed\ letg )e_ie _pe` bedb [g[f \ojt bfae lbfda\ ejb]pb eja\ qt lao` [g[ a_]e\
xpbea e]\t lagdnd ejb]p fad pad etf \a`na ed\ legb fa`od `i\ _pe ebff` ede fa[kj ej]pd
aef aeg atb )cbob [bje ``d ig[a laab edand `apt fg nrj _[e lbj`d am_e caa awn bn`[a ipk eaai `_
\b\ epe _awi fd pae\ fgf`\ ei`[ atb cbob fgf`d _awi iagwg v[ `apt\ ejkadbe atf ede aefd
ejaajp egba` bea_`pe\ liad[ latedg\ eb`_ ude lap[ lbjae lade _awi iagwg ede )e[\b] ib_` _gagd
egbab egba dt\ egdn` e\ _awit laigw\ lao` _awi aege _awi lbjae lade )erfdg e[e bfdtb pa[e_`\
n\ba `apt\ ebf e\f )fgf`d _awi iagwg `apt e\ dnb lag\]dgt l_a\fgb laigw _p`dbb ep[f b_aw]pe
)fdt eafb abf eb`_ lap[ e_brb e_br dtb egbab egba dt` fd la]dh la_br ude ljajpb bpgf` [kj ]a\w
lbd daneb date e\ fgf` dn rad[b `at_\ v\e ebff\ eaa]a\w\ lbfpg[j lbjae lade v\ef p\b`nd `[nb
`apt e\ dnb cbob v\e fe_gt pbg\ ehtf pbg\ dnb fa` `apt\ v\e ebffg egdn dt lmpe lbfpbtm`b fabbo`
e_gi e\ laab )e[a\] y_ef lg egdnd ejbmg e]ked y_ef lg vid eawbfd lao` n\bgp[e\ ebff v\ef
_nj ebff\ em_ e\ [bje )[bje `d ig[a edandg \aoj\ e]apn
9EIL CK= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
akje lb_]e\ vajk lbjae lade )vajk dafwfd )baga _awit [bje `apt e\ dnb lag\]dgt _\fpeb b`ahd ]adh\
vid ebff \nha [bje ``d vidb )fedn e[a\] b`_b f[g ape\ egdn\ b\aojg lg[g )a_rbm akjeb a`_`_
epe edtb [bje ``d lb_]e\ ladaai fgtd \aojpe lgpgb egph eaa]a\w\ edtagd ejg ljirb va]i[ bdame\
lbd nrjb b_]npe ef\ nrj _[e lbj`d am_e )laegajk laedn lajdae lbjae lade caa awn bn`[a )fedn b\aojg
lan_p la[gi lade lbj`d am_e n_b `brb pn\f ynb vaaif yn lade caa awn lbj`d am_ed caa awn la` aeg )fs`]
ladaai dtb eaa]a\w\ lbfpg[j ljj]g lbfadbr` bjj]a va_kw v[ _[e nrj _[e fj[ pbeg [gi lb_]e\
a_]e qt lao` egdn aj` dt vn \hi \`nb \ahi a_]e\ bja`e vf_`e\ fap_` f\hi )lgpg bjmpe la[a\]
)feg\] e_b`i`b )e`p egdn anb_\ la` fpa` va[b_` f\ahi
ef ahba a`_ _ge epaa_be` lendb a`pa bbf\ \n eadad pbodk` epaa_be` andgd bg] ahba a`_b e`e a`_
edb bjjaeb b` f_`n ib_ at e_]\ fakbh ejga]be aeg` d`e _ge] _ak[ baga _awit [bje eaai a`_ _ge\
lt n\bgp[e\ f\[ ebff f\[f yawt _ge\ fgt baga _awit [bje ae\b ebf atf dse )bgb]g \bn bj_ata
eib_ ebf e\ )bjjaeb b` f_`n ib_ at lao` egnr aeg )]adhb yawa atf )lag\]dgt _\fpeb [\ipe\ yawa
i]d at bjjaeb fa `apt\ )qbji\ em_ ebf e\b )bjjaeb la\tb )fabo` fad dadt\ edtg emajo e[a\] e_agr fedn
e_anm eib_ dadtpe ef\ )bgb]g \bn bj_ata edb )e_agr emajo ib_ fedn ib_ )fedn vafde e\ vafde bpbe
fad darjb )va[\] [\] bod e`_ ejft fad denb vdbn \nb vdbng caa \hib fa_p` `apt fg fedn eib_`
)bfaadn egaa]\ edbr \i bgi )a`pa bbf\ \n _nj bfae _\fpeb )lagdbn _[jt [\ipeb lag\]dgt fad \adbeb
)e[a\] ejawb` vn ad fbf\ fg qd egae aj` ahba e`e a`_ _ge )bfbbp )epa` bo` eapeb edme eapeb edme
ebff dt )epaa_be` lend ljabfb )bjbe\ epn]`` ljadme ljabf \i egba
3K

9MIL @K= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB

la`aai\ epn[ dt`\ )aef aeg fad ejage e\i e`]bj bo` e_jar \i a`o lja`pbe e[g[\ ek]bp bogb egba
eaa]a\wb eaa[a\] e_\\ e`bi` ljajp atf\ bfaadn le]d lbf`\ laetm egdn` eaa_[ eja\b egdn` beaohe
bfaajg ad`]g edb laiatbg\ lbjae fgt bfaa\`bn dn egdnd laiatbg ed\ lbjae\ lao` ae aege )lbhkpa
ef\ bfaa`bi` lbhkpa edb lapg lbfa ed egdn dn laoa\ leg abfa ed\ lao` aeb )bfaag] laaktpe eaa]a\wb
d`e adag ajf ejga]be efb eaa]a\w lahkpg ae\b e_\\ f`bi` dse )lbfd\ e\b`n` eaa]a\wd bfae fbb\i
ldjg e_\ a`bi dt lb_ktpa la\t abf egdn dn e_ktd lao` la[ptg` be lan_g` eaa]a\w lbhkpa\ epn[`
lao` fe]ded qa_rwe e\i ekaa[ bfaadn eaa_[ aoh n_gb b]en` lakaa[ dt\ epn[` ekbo akaa[ dtg
aj` etf ube )ekbo akaa[ dtd epbbhe ef la\t )eg\ fajag b]akeb afde enb_\ enb_\ bjgb bfdt lbhpa\
lan_g` bfaaja` e]a\w \id afde egdnd epbbhe `fagd fs`] an`\ epn[` )e\ vn e\ lakaa[ lbjae egdn
bp_b`i`b cbob bjapbjbng etb\g bjan[kg ddbig ebfb `apt\ ldjg )edtd epbbhe `afa fajao`b la[ptg`b
lakaa[ dtd ejd ebf epbbhe bjd ek_j e_b`i ebff`b enb_\ ma]e\ legt eg\\ epbm]e bp_b`i`b )bjd ek_j
eiaj ef\ ) bd n_b ]a\w e\ em_b bfaadn e_ktdb e_\d epbbhe `fagd ede e]a\w afde ed vdbndb )ekbo\
io[e edb egdn dtd la\t [aai ed\ edtg _apa fetm dn ferd[d esj erd[ eja\\ e_ie e_rhd
]a\w ape\ egdn`b egdn aef` fedn ejrdb[d
9EIL @K= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
paeb etf ]a\w pae d`e pbea ejgm \i` bbf ed bde fad ejage )egdn dn e_ktd fs`] [aai ed\ bd `brb
en` ed\ aoh la_p be bfaajg \i` ad _ge )egdn\ b`ar dt pae e\db la[ptgb lan_g pae e\d etf ]a\w
dtd epbbhe `fagd fem]edb fe]ded e\i enb_\ ede qa_rwe ed\ fgt eg\ dt esh edt fe]ded fs`]
lanb_\ la_p qa_rwe la\t lakaa[ dt dn n_g fa` _]ape esh u]pe aeb aoh e]a\w \i` etf ube )lakaa[
d`e e_\ dt dn epbbhe `fagd lb]de laetm dt la\t egdn dn la_a]a la`bi beaohe ae atf ube )fem]ed
)bfdt lb]da\ egdn qa_rwe ed ef\ vd[` ea]a\w _e[b afde fetm \i la\t qt dt beaohe ed\ lgm`
edt ahpe ef bpag )e_\ dn ejoed lan_g` lagaa] lbfagba dt\ lajgmdb eaa]a\w beahpe egn beahpe
ljagi ei_be` ld ]ai\b _apa fbf e[g[\ ek]bpb ejdmeb ejg] )_apa la_a]a lbjae la`bi\ lajgmd _ktpeb
lagn dt\ aef aeg fad ejdae[ )e_`\g\ ejdae\ edbr \i pbip ej`apa bfaapbip laagb e_`\g` lajdae
[j _`\ e\bgd ed` etfb etf lnjnjpg epaa_be` lend \t\ bfaa\bid` de_[a ede enbjnj la\`n ed egdn\
`apa )laiao[g edb lan\a ed egdn aj`b fedn epdg lp_t\e ad _ge bfaagba]` v]agd ladta edb egdn`
lbfpg[j ln\bgp[e ab\bid` e\ fdg` )bjpdtbh ed` ed]i a_an`t ladme\ e[j aj`d abb _ge )ft`b epn[
_j `apt\ ]ad\\ e[a\] ejawb` bog b_mope de_[a\ lbfpg[j )vsbtnn lagn\ lbfpg[j la` de_[a\ la[a\]
]ad\pe\ esj \iepe\ epn[` _j aefb v\e pg[j caa
9MIL OK= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
`apt e\ ejbbot qd ag\ de vafde e\ em_b )eno_ bdake fadn e_bfj qat[ ed edand\ epaa_be bog
qat[ ed e_bfj ebff fdapk bo e\iepe\ lbat eo_[\ e_bfj )lbtd btat[ ed )vtd ag\ de caa pe va_atmgf
ebff bog bfaapg[j\ de_[a e\ ejbbot )lagdnd qatp[g edb letdb letd e_bfj enjnjpg ede lagdnd
letd lnjnjpgb ettp[ed lbjae lbdta edb ]ad\ e_bfj ef epaa_be\ e\i fdg _ge\ lbat eo_[\ e_bfj
lagbe edb v\e laab_] vpe vpe v\e `aptb )`apt v\e pg[j caa _j ef\ eo_[\ e_bfjt la_rh dtdb letdb
pad ef\ lnjnjpg edb lattp[g e\ dnb bfaadn a_[\ e_bfj ed` []\ btan\g vsbtn lagn\ lapg[j )vsbtn
3R

ea_[\ e_bfj ed` ]ad\\ e_bj bo` vawnt lagaa] lbjae lbf` eaa_[ e_bfj bedb f` la]d\ edb epaa_be lbd
aefd ejatm\ a]dbi fetm fdg\ b_a_` bfae e\ ahba a`_ _ge )ddt e_bfj ed` lattp[g e\ dnb bfaadn
xe\ ng[gd
9EIL OK= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
bpdfp [\i _a[ cad b_a[ _geb e`e a`_ ipk )feg\] e_b`i` p_ge\ epaa_be\ ladg e[\id e`e a`_ vb]
ekp[d esh ede bfae bed lbfd\ epi`[bpb lbfd\ fb\i\ fs`] ag] de_[a la``i gt )cbob y_ef fw]g
bed fapjat[b fs`]d f` akpp[g ed\ de_[a\ fb\i dt ljajp atf\ ca` cbtb atf\ bf` fapjat[b fs`]d
fat`b e_nw` _ep[eb _mipeb esh fb\i ebffd eo_r]d fada\ epnaah dtb dsegh bfae lagmb fb\i bfae
eo_r]d eo_r]g apaa ve fada\ fb\i` fapjat[b fs`] uap[\ leg d`e e_nw ebff` upp[e ed fs`]b
atje bgn\ lao` aeg`b _w bd vp_w dt` ca` `apt fg e\nw ebff` upp[g fapjat[b fs`] )fb\i eaff`
ede fb\i bfae bed\ lao` esj lbfd\ fb\i` fapjat[b fs`]d ekp[d de_[ad lbd pae\ ldjgb f_w`
ba[bn` )ba[bn` ede bfae bed de_[a\ fb\i eaff )ba[bn` de_[a ig[a `apt\ ladeg fada\ pbkpb[`
lbd apaaeb nsog lbd _]ne fs`] )bpag\ `o dn ue\ bgeb ba`eb fapjat[b fs`] lade ede fad an`g b[bn`
_ie _`\ )b`_i [oa b[bnf _ge pe\ fgt fapjat[b fs`] vn fb\i\ e]dbi edrjd fb\i ebffd fagn
ljajp\ bkpb[` v\e f[nj `apt e\ em_ dnb fs`]b eppeb e_`o pbkpb[` \a`npe [j _`\ lao` ba[bn`
b_\feb egba \i [g[ \i dtb eaagb en_eb eag[ lbjae ladeb egdn lbfjg e]ked fs`] \`n lajgbe pdp
ejaajp egba )_be afab _be afa vafde _geab `apt\ fada\ epbjgbe eag[ ]ake feg\] egba )lag\]dgt
edand eaag eodk b]dphe )cbob vagf qbp` na]_ afa vafde _geab `apt\ ep\a`nd epbjgbe eag b]ake
en_e p\a`n fepadp egba )vae] fbbf ed egdn )b[a_kpe eag\ qt edgdeb )b_ep[e eppd eaag eodkb
dt etf \n cbob e[\ y_ef ewbpb `aptb `[n e[\ y_e e[\p vafde _geab `apt\ p\]kpe\ fgt p]akeb
\]kpe a`_ egba laj_ie lagba pdp b_ep[e b\]kpe\ fg b\`nb fada\ epbjgbe ]ake epdp ladeg ejgbe
en_e p\`n fepap[ egba` )cbob vagf bw_[a vafde _geab `apt\ fada\ ejgbe \`ngd feg\] ejgbe
_ge )bfaa\`bn bgad[e lade lajgbe pdp\ lbat cbob fai [kj y_ef ewbp vafde _geab `apt\ fda\ epbjgbe
ejeb lbtd\ ekbo v\e f[nj lbtgn ejeb e\it b_`ipe v\e bfaeb \`ngd ad pae e\i epbjgbe fs`] lbd
eag[\ ep\a`n \a`n fa`\ e`e )_p`d agj atf bkpb[` fbf epag\]`\ fgt v\e f[njb lbtgn bkpb[ efe
`apt e\ em_ dnb bfaa\f` upp[e\ fs`]b en_e\ ejbbot fepadp ejgbe afae\ eppeb )eaag\ ep\a`nb
[j _`\ epn[` ljajp\ fbf epbkpb[ dt` fb\i egdn aefg b[_kpe egeb e`e\ `o dn ueb )ba[bn`
9MIL P= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
lbjae\ fageb afb`ed lgp n\be\ esh lgpg _]neb l\n\ epjod ape fs`] fada\ fbb\id fs`]d uap[
fs`] [j _`\ b_]n` d`e )lan\a ed e[j aj`b lgp lajagm bfdtb fbb\i ebffd fagn lbd apaaeb fa\f` lakpb[
_\fe )cbob nb[e afde deb ca e_]e ad _w` `apt\ ebf e\f fagedb afb`ed n\be edb ab\bid` fa`od lagm
ej_t\e ahba a`_ _ge )e`e a`_ abkje dn dkj [j _`\ ej]ba\ bgt epa` bo edmeb lag\]dg\ edbr ebff
_mnde l` hijak atf _ge fbfb epbt\ aef` vae] fbf \i egba _aea l` hijk a`_d fad ejagi e_pe aef`\
lbbpe\ epa` ekdeb l`_`_ lbbpe\ epa` ekde )laga[_ lapa` lakde la_p\ lao` e_anm ca pe` lftf l_fe l`
aj]\ lbat e[a\] egaa] pa_` e_anm )fep egdn` lbjae l_anm lbbpeb )ape\ egdn` lbjae l`_`_ lbbpe )l_anm
pa_` f[g vn \a`ne fg fs`] _ge epn[ ebff` )e\ pa_`\ em_ e_anm ca fa` uhbpe e\ pa_` dn hijk
a_e[ )ebf pbea bed f[g\ epbn_b epn\ ed` e_ied fad `fagd ebf aejo )abf fada\ fdtb abf f[gg e\
q[kj p_hg\ ebf pje dse )bfg ns[`_ f[g dse lftf l_fe l` _mnde l` hijk f[g )f[gd _geb fs`]
3N

pe fg f[g _ge cbob de_[a aj` dng apgi pe `a[f bfaeb lajgm fgt` egdn lg lbwp[a ed\ de_[a dn
efp vad[ e`d` ef f[g _ge )fabo` a_[p\ fad egae eaf q\a\ edt ef dse )q\a\ edt ef ajg an`
pe _bge ltd `apt\ ebf e\f vad[ e`d` epbn_` fad _hg pje\ qd] va_eb qgbk` pje egae dse )fa`od
ltd _gagd dsf fs`] bdae\ cbob bd lpbj ajjf _ge fbf f[g )vbd[ apa_` pe bd lpbj ajjf epbn_` egae
ede ed f[g lg p_`npe\ egap aeb )_bge ltd ede `apt ed d`e vbd[ apa_` pe bd lpbj ajjf bd _bge
\i bng[ )fad ]a[jb `apab edbr ebff epe )fjg n_ope ed e\b ajfeb `afa e\ fjag b]ad\e\ e\ ejawb`t
fa` [\ipe e]a\w\ _pe dt\ ljajp\ btaa`o bfae\ _aea l` hijk a`_d _pe lbjk _pe lbjk _ge fbf\ ed]
laj_ie eaa]a\w fabbo` le_[ \t [stb fa`od fad apeb _pe ebffd \a]k egdn ebff` bfae \t cpaa_be\ adg
it[eb fa_ped \]kgd _aea l` hijk a`_ ape fbf\ e\ ejbbot )epaa_be\ adg la_ge\ _pe ebff` ep\id
e`e a`_ _ge )fag] _aea l` hijk a`_\ fdg ebff lag\]dgt [\ipeb epaa_be\ ladg lap\ig eaa]a\w lade
emajo fbf e\ fdg atb bd lpbj ajjf _bge ltd ede lpbj ajjf ltd `apt ed ef\ _aea l` hijk a`_\ fdg pbea
ipk ebf ube etf e[a\] edbr\ epnah` abfgd ejatm\ ej]dbi fetm )_ge pabf edb q\a pbip e\ e\ahig
ejawb`\ \bn` [j _`d fad pbea fgt cbob f[n qit` pb[nd q\a ewgp _[e dt hijk a`_\ fag[g _geb
fadn ea_[\ ist afae ejawb`\ e_bfj ebff\ lao` fa_eg\ epbn_ \`ngdb ed\p[ed fa[a_ dn ea_[b ]ad\
epbn_` lad\p[g\ lbjae dtb eaa]a\w\ lbfa[a_ dn ea_[\ it ebf e\ caa it )caa it ej d\oa `apt e\ dnb
e_nped qa_rwe ae\b bit bfae e\ bit dt` q_`g e`_ fag[ efa lge fjbnf dt ljajp e\ dnb lbfa_eg\
e[\b] bo ]dpheb fedn e[a\] it ebff _npe u]pe\ ua]p epb_npe`\ lao` ua]p edai` abkaa[ dt
e\ dnb e_ie e_rh\ ek]bpb edai _`peb
9EIL P= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
epbd\p[e f[ng pae it ebff`\ lao` cbob lb`[ib f[ng lae at q_eg\ epbn_ \`ngd qa_rwe qit`
eadp\ egdn ebf e\ lb`[ib f`[ig\ ekbh vd[gd e\`bn\ egdn f[ng a_]e\ egdnaef` ed\p[ed
e\ pn\b eabf e_fah` egdn\ la_b`nb lakb]pb pbea_rgao dt e\ dnb eaadp e_b`\` lb`[i ef\ e_b`\`
lade dtb fajg eaadp edt\ fgtib f`[ig ebff\ egdn lb_]eb f`[ig` laadp\ la_rh pa[\ em_ bfae
aef` ist aef` d\p[e ed\ [j _` dt ef\ vjfao\ eo_\ dbe[\ e_rh` atf bed\ fg it ebff` ldadt
pn\b lb`[ib f[ng fa` pad\ dbe[` fedned fakbh fgtib pn\b lb`[ib f[ng` fa` fedned egdn
fa` u]pe e[a\] ist aefg ak_pe\ leg fpa` dbe[ at_\ `apt\ afae dbe[ i_e e_ie e_rh ef\ )fgtib
`apt\ \ag la]dh d`e )lae )dbe[d adme egdn aj` dt atb fg[ qdbf fpe _[e )fpa` dbe[\ e_ie e_rh
va_bgo va]a\w bdakeb )la]dh edb lapij\ lagdnd f`b[p b_f_f ed\ la`aai lbjae _` dnab dbe[ \a_bg
) f`b[p` _f_fd lbd la\`n lgpb edand lbd la]dhb lgpg la`aai fgt ladrj\ lao` lapij aege )lgp lapij
la`aai\ lbfajao` lapij eaa]a\wb egdn lg b]dpheb bdata edb egdn aef` f`b[p` b_f_f\ lbjae )lbjae legb
pbeaa_rgao\ lb`[i lb`[i ewgd pied pie `apt ahba a`_ _ge )lgp lg lbd la]dhb lbd ladrjb dbe[ bo
[r`b edbr ebff v] )fdg ej_t\e edb ejng[ _ge )fad `ape ed )lbjae fda\ eo_\ le` e_fah` lgaa]\
pbt_` qajan `apt\ fagbk` e_] dkj abkje dn dkj fbf\ \n )bdai\ bog abkje dn dkj e`e a`_\ abjan`
lb`[i bogb edandg et[gpe\ fedn fgti bod pbe_k_k fda\ lajaan ladeb )va`_ p` _n[ dn lb`[i`
l`[bi dtd l\]kpe\ \n lajaan lbjae la_rh dtd lagag l]kj\ pbta_` b\a`npeb laadgpe la_b`nb lakb]pb
e_fah afae e\ va`_ p` _n[ dn bfae e\b lb`[i \`ngd admgb la`ttb _`d\ esh \`d` e_fah\ la_b`nb
l`o bfae\ e[a\] e\ahi\ epnah bog q\a pbip fbf\ e[a\] edo_g ebff ahba a`_d e`e a`_ _ge _`d\
\]ka fdn`\ \n e_ie _pe` a_[gd eppe e]ked qa_rwe ed ae\b ef\ fa` ej_\feb bfae _ak[ fgt
)_pe ebffd qfagd b[_ fd `afab fd \]ka ebf\ fad lahaakgb epag\]` fdn`d lan\beb qfgd b[_ fd `afab
3W

\nb fabbo` a_[gd vbd[ apa_` pe bd lpbj ajjf pje egae dseb b[_ fad `fa\ \nb f[gd haak fs`] qt
e`pab egdn aef` a]a\w bo a_[gd b[_ fd `afa\ vdbn d[ b]a\wg ldjg )pdme ed lgp qfgd b[_ fd `fa\
abfgd p_\fpeb p`at[ fdn`\ anb_\ la` d`e aef` a\ib agi egdn\ e]a\wb )efrb[] bo fdtt lbfgn
_]``b fdn` a`od fe` eaf `_n` )f`[ eaf _]``b fe` eaf `_n` _ge pe\ fgt fdn`d p`pb bfaa\f`
ajjf _ge qt f[gb lpbjb ljbi ]a\wb `apt\ ebf e\f fdn`\ epb[_` edtb egdn\ eaa]a\w a`od f`[ eaf
ibb_ e\ pa_` lao`b )afae fjpg _\fgd fjpg lpbj ajjf eje ube lpbj edand\ ]a\w\ fgt apa_` pe bd lpbj
ejaga` _a\p bfae e]`\ pa_` ef\ fedn fjbft\ eo_\` hijk _[]pe ed fa\f` efp ed aeb )fedn fjbft
ejng[\ e\i fdg ej_t\e e`e a`_ _ge )pa_` bfae\ e[\]g a` aj`gd lagm e\ fedn ejagab fedn
laan` pdp e`h e`h dse abo vati \i fag]d epeami egba )_mnade a`_\ fag[g ng[\ e[a\] ejawb`g
9MIL MP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
pa` )lajgm a_p ede aj`gd bbf ed efb e_ie e[\]g a` btd aj`pa\ la_ge lbpe\ \i )qjg n`pgd ejan`
vdbndb lbj`pe _`t aj`gd fad fbf\ fg efb epaa_be` it[p ed ana`_ pa` a[ad[ pa` )aj[ pa`b lb[e_
bpb )lb[e_f lg lb_ief fmf pa`f \b`t fafa db\o `aptb )e_] lbd e_] de_[a ap` a_p ef\ _apa fa` pad
_a\p _apa a\i bfae etdgd `a_]pg\ leg lagn _e[ dtg _apa fedn etdgd la`_] lbpe\ la_ge lbpe\
ed ljeb egdn aj` dtg _apa _a\p ejboa`b e]i\`b e_nw` lbpe efb )b]ai\ ed`b bdai\ ed` e_nw ed`
e_nw btd pae e\ dnb fajg la]ai_ lbpeb fedn etdgd la`a_] lje )ddt ejboab e]i\b e_nw ld va\]pe
abfd lbtd\ ekbob laea_` lbbfp\ lao` fk_rb fd`j adte ed lbpe\ bpb )ld pae ed\ fg ejboab ed`e e]i\b
ed\ lbpeb )bfaagba]` lda\ lbkaa[ dtb epbea_`` edai` laka]p ljeb ljan`\ fg dt ljadte lje )epbea_``
ed e`h e`h )edt` lbtfde lbtd aoh\ egn )lagn _e[ dtg _apa b_a`p`b la[a` lan_g` btdt la[di ladte
ij\ lbat )ag_o\ edp \a`npeb fa` io[eb _mnade a`_ abjan ua]m )qjg d`]e edb qjang[e ed\ a\g ad egap
eka]p e[a\] eg[\ edai ua]p fgt )y_ef dt` qg[ _a\e fg bjjb\e caa _geb ft`b fa[a_ _\fe famob_
eape\ e_anm fdg padb epaa_be` fd it[p ed\ e_anm fdg qd pad\ epaa_be\ adg la`a`i fgtb en_e dt`
ef\ _geb bfaded \i egba ejde[ eje n[_ ebff de[\ lade ladg )fs`]\ fagbkg p]kj ed\ epaa_be`
en_e` lbd \`ngd fs`] en` va_wgg de_[a b]kj \t\ )ebf atfb fs`]\ fag] b_\hpe ena]_\ ep`apg`
de_[ad lbd enrjdb lana]_ ag[ bog fad epijdb e[a\] epa` lbd aj`gd en`b edand la[a\] latedgt
qp`[d lbtg` _pe le` )qpdij _f` bgnrpb bgea`p `apt\ ebf e\f )edand\ ej]ba\\ ejbbot e[a\] e`awj
e\ qa\a bjjbt caa [\]g )lb[e_ pa` e\ caa qpdnk qp`[d lbtg )e_ie edb caa pje pdnk\ ebff` caa pdnk
en_e` bfaaj`d fs`] lbd hjteb bpag e_`\g` fag] bmao_e\gb )lbjae fs`]\ epbjgbe bfaabb_pb aj[ pa`
_`\ e\`bn ae\ lao`\ n\a fbf fgd[b )vaa]pe ed qt lao`b )[j _`\ e\a dn aj`pe epa`b lbfa\`bn bkade
e_mn\ abgba` )egba] fa` fad pad ef\ b` bajb` bdgn eb[ pa` fj`a ed caa ve _ge e\ dnb vaa]pa ed [j
ejgmdb egdn` fbf ed fs`]\ feg\] ejaaj` lnt \nb )egba] fa` fbf edb aj`gd lbjae lbt_rweb feri v_o
egba] fa` pad\ [j _`\ ejaaj` edb letig lje e\ ejaaj`b )e_ie edb bfae caa vd[b_a fjb` `apt ape\
eadope` aj[ pa`b eahtpe` lb[e_ pa` edandg e\it ebf qa_` e[\b] lbd paia aj[ pa`b lb[e_ pa` )ddt
dt` e`d\ epbn_b vad[ fb\i fs`]\ epbjgbe egdn dtd amipa\ aj[ pa` a_]pe\ eadope` abfd pa` ebff
l_ih\ _]a ajjn lbgia egdn dtb eaadope\ ebff\ ab`o dn edand ]dphe eahtpe` lb[e_ pa` ebff )egba]
ejaaj`b eaag[ _]a vb_ \n ]adh\ e_agr e\`bn` lb[e_ pa` abf lajjn lbjae\ bo`b eaadope\ ebff\ a`o dn
ajeb `apt ef\ [j _`\ epbjgbe abfad ed vd[b_a\ ep_] bdake\ egdn` fbf ed lnt \nb )letig lje e\
abf e\ e\`bnb )fada\ e_ba\ bfae\ epa` lt[ dt atf `apt ep_]d ae )cbob `a`h [e pgbi caa vej fd fafe
ej]_bk` lagba ubhd \n ]dpheb va_wgg de_[a b]kj \t e[a_` abfgd amipe
/

9EIL MP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB

lbd \`n de_[a\ ebf atf ae\b lagn _e[ dtg _apa fedn etdgd la`_] lje ae\b\ e_ie epde[ )fe_p`
egdn` v]agd adta ed lakaa[\ fgt lakaa[ la` e`dt lagn _e[ la` de_[a lbjae atfb )egdn dt\ e`d fs`]
_e[ bo` vd[b_a atf ubeb de_[a ed` egdn` v]agd ladta ed bfdt lagn atf e`d ed` e\i eno_ bdake
lagn _e[ bo lofjpg de_[ab lakaa[ bo e`dt egdn adbt\ epanwge` afae e\ dnb lak[ bo` e`dt len_e
ede ddt ejboab e]nb e_nwg n\a ed lakaa[ dt\ egba] bfaeb [dib qat_ bfae e`d )lakaa[ bo e`d\ ejbbot
dt )a\g lan\a edb egba] bf` pad ef\ ddt bf` `a_]pe ed lakaa[ _e[ )bjpdtbh fa`\ egba] fa`\ e`d
fajg la]ai_ lakaa[ _e[b )e`d ede eibg` ea_[\ bjpdtbhb epgti bfae\ etdgd la`a_] ed laka[ _e[
ed de_[a\ e_ie epde[ )fajg la]ai_ lagn _e[b la`_] e[a\] etdgd de_[a qt )ddt fajg lan\a edb
etdgb [dib qat_ bfae\ e`d ef\ ebf atf lgn _e[t va[g_b vaw][\ etbdtdb ekbjrb pbk_rb pbd`j adt
[dib qat_ bfaeb e_a\`b a]j fajbmgb eg\ dt\ epbiwb b_a\` ede fajbmgd darj ed lakaa[ _e[ dt\ egba]b
ladrj edt\ [a`b pdbhk dt ede aef` laio[g ed lakaa[ _e[ dtb lakaa[ dtd ije pdbhk _e[b edtg
)e`dd )pn_w\ b_aoh pikh be pe[ lanb`n`e pae lakaa[ _e[ dt` e\ dnb )lbd amipe\ fgt bka]p` lbjaeb
a]j bfae\ de_[ad fad darj fs`] qt )ddt egbg fa` pad edtg e_a\` a]j bfae ede )vbdt ajf dtg bed
ed bdae _ge ab\a ]a[j ahba a`_ epe )q` lae vbgb apan_ fka qdt `apt e\ dn egbg fa` pad\ b_a_`b
xaa\ e\ ng[gd ede egdnd ejape
hijk ftf _[e de_[a [ae v[b `ptgd fad fbf tf e_] aef ]iwa a`_ _ge )cbob ftbgf de_[a [ae v[b
fa]dh\ lbat lbng[ a`_ esj _mnde a`_ _ge atf ede )vaph i_e` ede _gej ed )ftbf _[e ftbgf edb
ed \n )e`_ ejftd amipe ed ef\ [j _`\ epbjdr]` hijkd fad e_t\ed en` ed e`_ ejftd hijkd fs`]
ejftd fa]dh\ lbat )cbob vfaj[ pe _b]\ab cbob ig_ i]ab hijk e_ab _geb fad _t\e e`_ ejftd fa]dh
e_t\ed amipe ed e`_ ejt\ fs`]\ e_]a fadn hib fad amipe ed\ epbjdr]` fag[ _t\e ed e`_
xatf ube ftbgf f[ef v[b )epbjdr]`
la_pb _aea l` hijk a`_ bf` nok adme bbf\ \n fagn dame f\bfa a`_b \bdd ea]rbk]g dame fbf lbng[ a`_
eia_ ef\ fad b]a`[ hijk a`_ _ge )dame edb fd bjanr hijk a`_\ fa_gi qat[ )fa_p`e lajnbr la_`bo
e_gi drj )e_jr \i _p`g lbng[ a`_ ]kj lgp lbjae\ \n )ep[f ld \a`npe ehj be i_e e] lap\i lakje\
dse ft`b hijk a`_ fad uakob pij )i_e e] lap\i lakje\ eia_ ef\ btd pa_ge edb hijk a`_ _ge dameb
lbng[ a`_ _ge )ejagi\ fgt ep[f f` eja\ib l`_`_ lm`m`j ad p`fab a`od epjat[ eape\ agdi` ejagi
qa_rwe epaa_be\ adg\ \i qb\` `apj hijk a`_ _ge )vad[ fb\i ep[f ebf pje\ ejn\a q_gi\ ah_k d]g
en_e\ ei_et vapgf paaipd ef\ ejabf dtphg hijk a`_ _ge )b`pa )ejdaeb eaag\ ejan bit[e eibiw
lbd eaie\ lag_o bfjf pbgwn lbjaeg ldjg fe_p` la\t abfad feg\] ep[f fbf\ fgb fs`] lbd \a`na e_ie
`apt _p`db epg\]` bgwn de vwn pbgwn b`_]pb `apt\ de]mia a\a dn fs`]
9MIL EP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
ra[ke\ fg ef\ vf` lae ib_b fdngdg _bn vfadn v_]ab )cbob fdn _[`b va\ao vfadn fjfb apae_b
_p`db _[` _p`db _bn _p`db eib\g ra[ke epag\]` )_[` _p`db _bn epag\]` )fe_p` abfad epag\]`
ep )fs`] bf` \`n laaj[g lapeb lahj fs`] eaie\ lade lag_o d`e aeg\] l[]e e_` lbng[ a`_e pbgwn
fja`otb ajtapp `dit edf fa_p` `apt fg )aj`a[p _kn deb ajpa[n _gbit at ej _tm `apt fg ami
ejgm argb e_kn` [j _` ad`pa\ _p`d fs`] lagm )ajttbhp va\aob pbgwn`b aj[a`dp _[`b _bn )ajeak]p
a]j bna`j ebf\ `dit na`jb `di\ fja`otb e\ fhnt fad \`ngd _ep[a\ eg_o ebff\ vapgf paaip\
3

e_baaw` _aawpab fad eak]a _p`db e`dit aigpab eg_o ebff `_npa \t eg_o ebff epbiw` iwibwg
fja`otb ajtapp `dit edf `apt\ ebf e\f va\aob pbgwnb _[`b _bn fadn q[gpa _p`db epbeak]` fja`ot
aj[a`dp ede `apt ed ajp[`df ajeak]p ede `apt ed ajpak]f ajtap ede `apt ed ajptpf )ajek]p
eib_ e\ a\gn pa[n \hib vaai `apt fg _p`db ng[g ejgm _p`d bfdt ajttbhp ede `pt ed ajpttbh
egdn ebff` a\gn pa[n \hib vaai _ge atf ede f[np `apt edb `apt a\gn pa[n egap aeb esh )aai\
aeg )egdn ebff` aib_d p_rj afae aib_ f_g[ etdg\ epajb_rg\ qp\b]kb d`e vaai\ eib_ a` pa\[
la_agrb lamajo eaa]a\w\ la[kj dt e\ fdg\ em_b ) aib_ f_g[ epag\]` fd e\]kd lagm pe\ qp\b]kb
aeg aib_ f_g[ qp\b]kb `apt\ ebf e\f bfaaptb\d lbd e`ped lbd e_rj afaeb etdg\ eaah_t pbip
e\f ef\a` lajb\]k lbjae laib_ dt\ etdg\ epajb_rg e\ qp\b]k _ie i]a bp\b]k _ge pe\ fgt qp\b]kb
\b\ _ge e\ ejbbot )fd p_rj afaeb aib_ f_g[ e\ lao` lbd e_rj afaeb cbob aib_ \a]ke q\a` `apt\ ebf
`apt\ _pe dt`b aje \ahi at lao` a[kj e_rj afae\ etdg\ epajb_rg e\ f_g[ )aje \ahi at a[kj f_g[
hijk a`_ ft` )qafde caa db]` ng[p ng[ ve _geab f[g de e_]ab _ge pe\ fgt epajb_rg e\ vph
ebff` dse e\ ejng[b qd agigd ejatm\ a]dbi fetm ljpgb lm`m`j ad p`fa epjat[\ qd pa_ge bedb _geb
eg_o aef\ bna`j ebff` bdadtpa bfdt dse )lbfjg \a`npa fg lbitp[a\ lag_o _e[ eg_o ebff ijap ejgm
yadia qapbgwnb `apt\ ebf e\f _gpe\ fgt e_baw _aawpa lgpb e\i fhn edt \a`npab fa\f` bdadtpab
la\tb e\i fhn abfgd eg_o aef` bdadtpab bfaagba]g lb_`npa bfdt vfg ydi _ge pe\ fgt yadia aeg
gs_ _ge )cbob vag ewbgtb ib_ lot paafb
9MIL FP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
_bg[ e\ dnb fedn `d\ egob\ `db esh `d` egi\ ae\b bfae `d` f_ag[ ejabf dtphg hijk a`_ _ge
_btm e\ dnb )eibg` ede f_atm padb )`df dn rad[b `at_\ eibg` _tm` f_atm )e_ie _pe` bedb `d`
e\ [ijb degh \`t )\`tf dn `at_b rad[ `d )`df dn rad[b `at_ e_bt\ bfae\ eibg xf`]jd _bg[b _tmd
e`]bjb _t\ lbjaeb esh \i bfaeb e\`
9EIL FP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
lbng[ a`_ _ge )dsegh\ em_ e_bt\\ edtag \`t [ij e\ \`tf p_pba ej`_b]` e\ dnb )\`tb \`tf p_pba
esh fada\ p_pbab ebf epag\]` darj \`t ebf atf l`_]\ l_phb em_b fdg\ e_a_`b ebf pbeb ebf qt ae\b
ladaai e\`t\ la]_n lbjae dtb ladaai lbjae\ cbt dt _p`db esh bobm p`b dsegh fada\ p_pba _p`db
la\tb vfadn _[e `dif peb `apt\ ebf e\f ej`_]\ bjajg[ la`di ladte\ lbfd\ bdarjb lbfd\ laa_[gb
fadn \a`npe\ epbdwb ejjp ebff` ]adhb fa` \a`npe\ ab\b ede edtg darj ed `db )`d a`od edt `a_]
eibgg eape\ e_bfj e\ eibg )aebad\ epbb\ib fa` ejft\ e\bia\ epbn_ eibg a`od `a_] `d ej`_]\
e\ _[]pe edtb ddt n_kpe ed\ ddtg fa`od esh ddt n\ape ed\ edtg _agr fa`od `a_] eibg fedn
p_pba )_gpe\ fgt \`t )lbfadaai lbjae dtb va[ae lade e\`t\ la]_n edt\ ib_ pij `a_] eibgb e\`
efkbej p\`n\ _p`d epn[ fd p_e[e \t ede e_bt\` p_`ipe ed\ p_pba aege fada\ e`]bj f`]j
_p`d )ddt p`[ipe ed\ la_ba[ fa`od p\a`npe [j _`` f_`iped ean` \t\ f`]j p_pba bp fad e]`[b
la_anm l_ie lr[kpg e\`t\ la]_n ladegb )e\i e_b`i fad e\a`npe\ \n fa`od _anm _anm p`_]pe afae
fgt eibgd `a_]g\ darj f[b\]` e_]n bfae\ `d \`t` ldadt bfdtb la_\kb la_bge ladrj edtb lajaam fgtd
bfdtb edeg[b ejaga la`a_] la]ai_ lbjaeb eran la`fa la`b_t la_p lbjaeb laadbt la_p dn ea_[ `d _gpe\
ib_ `dd `a_]pg e\ f_`[j ib_ vafde ai`m e\it edt _[]pe\ \n pbea e]\t \i dt ladteb ladrj
de `b[p ib_fb ae\b ef\ epbdwb ab\b f_`[j

9MIL BP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB

\`t lg )ej`_b]` e\it e_b[] edtb fadn e_boajh bfae\ `d fa`od fad `a_]g \`tb )fjpj _[e vafdef
dtb `r dt la]kj fajg edtg qatm bfae `d )laa_[ fa`b ekbo akaa[ dtd la[ptg dtb lan_g dt la]kj
xlakaa[ dtd qa_rwe\ bgad[ dtb fb\i dtb ek]bp dtb bfdt lakaa[\ epbea_`
9EIL BP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
e[a\] pa_`\ ejb]p `br f[nb )pbea e]\t caa` ir` )fjbge fn_b y_e lt[ `br f[nb caa` ir` _geb ipk
eaff qjg hj_kpab qjg lmpab en_e` etf efp pje e\ \a`np aeb )pbea e]\t fad _arjb fad l]pg efp\
a_[p y_e eaff\ vaaif y_e fedn e[a\] y_e y_e lt[ )fad _arjb fad l]pg esh bpb )edand\ fjbge
qd lpab caa dn ojnpp \a`np aeb )q\a dn fajg hj_kpab lmpa edand\ fjbge eaff fjbge fn_b `br ebff`
ftm e\ pa_` dn aj]\ lao` hijk )edt l]pe pa_` pj]pe\ lbat pa_`\ ejb]p` pj]ppe e\ dt q`d pbde[g
_afjeb edand _[]peb ]adh ef\ caa dn ojnpfb vaa]pe fa`b de_[a dt dn laoe\ ede \bn edb )edtd
]dphe\ _p`d f` _[]pe ejft l_feb fajg vf_`e ajfpe\ _be ebff` )fad majob fs`] e_`\ feg\] _be`
amipe edb e_ie e_rh\ abkjn` ddt \iepa ed\ laj` pbea edb a_gm\ epbjdr] fad _t\e ed e`_ ejftd
]dbi fad padb ejaga` \aiepg ef hijkb fa` pae e_ie e_rh\ lakjn dar]\ leg dt\ )fadn e_t\ed
\aiepe\ fedn eo_\g bpaijb fad aejo bfae ei`[ amipe\ fg )etf _t\e ed e\ dnb ddt e_ie e_rh`
fetm hijk a`_ _ge )leg\ e\a dn _t\e edb ftbgf f[ef v[b vph ftbf _[e ftbgf `apt e\ dnb fa`
itp[e qpb\ahib pje\ e_\ fetm lbng[ a`_ _ge )qtd ejatm\ a]dbi fetmb epaa_be` qdag lang[\ e_\
hijk a`_ _ge lgp lbd it[eb lbng[ a`_\ fa_` _mnde a`_ epe e\d e\ lahaakgb la`pa bbf\ \n )fabbo`
`apa )e_] egaeb a_` `ap a_` _mnde lbng[ a`_ dse )fm vafde fjig ve_ _[et `]na _geab `apt\ ae\b
)`rd fnaok pae ede b` bnokab aeg )vafde atedg b` bnokab bt_\d qdf `]nab v[ _geb ipk )_mnde a`_
pa`_n\ epbdw vb]g` nokab `apt fg l_id dame fbf\ epn[` ede )epbdwd fnaok paeb )[a`d fnaok aeb
vb]g` nokab bp )amipe _pe ebff` pa`_n\ epbdwb ape vb]g fjf _ge pe\ fgt vb]g ebff` adw\ fbf
eppe a`od apagd dn`d pbea ed\ letg eppe a`od fdn` e_fah a`od e[a\] e[g[ epe\ bfae lahbak adg
`apt fg l_ig `]na ape fbf \t v[ ldab _p`db vb]g` nokab `apt\ fd ehaakd lahbak adg` abf ed ae
vba\ latedg lade ve_ _[et aeg )ve_ _[et `]na _geab )f`od apagd fad ehaakd eaf p_\[ b` bnokab
bbf\ etfg fm vafde fjig `apt ve_ _[et e\ dnb fad laadope _p`db fajg beahtpeb bbf fdad\ latedgb
bf` `apt eadad\ lbjae )eadad\ ladeb )egga\ lade
9MIL NP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
la_[g ep[fb )laa_[g la_p vajig ebff vb]gf v[ e_]ab e\ dnb fm bf` `apt egga\ lbjaeb vafde fjig
dt ljajp _mnde a`_ _ge )egaa eipk ipk\ leg lbng[ a`_e )etf ejape\ ai_e fetm )etf ejagi la[a\]
dt\ ejbmgb fhj_k lao` ae )egnr _gpe efb )ape\ egdn _` bfae lajgm pdp vbadt` \b\d fdfp _ge\ leg
dt` lajgm pdp aege )cbob _[` `_n` vtd caa pp` `apt\ eaajk`b e_kw` egba dt` lbjae lajgm la_p lagdn
lade lajbmg la_pb )ab\a biapk\ _pe ebffd ek]bp `fagd \ib egdn dt\b a[jae aj`\ ejbmgd la_p ede egba
`afa\ a_apn\ ejbmg e\ )bpn` vdte pe vfd lpbj fpeb etf a`apt ajbmg pdp bfdtb e\ lg e\ laaj[g
bog edb lbw_g lan`[ lbjae\ ajthg\ ejbmg e\ lbw_ ai dtd na`[gb `apt\ la_p )\i ef bpn` aoh edtag
atf bp )edtd en`[b lbw_ e]kj ab\a\ biapk`\ _pe ebffd ek]bp e\ q\a pe ipbk `apt\ pdp )aoh edtag
lao` bed _apa _ge aeb [j _` dn e`bai lade\ egba dt` fhj_kb ejbmg lao` ajgm a_p ede bfae ed\ ejkadbe
.

_p` ede de[gd ami ed fhj_k\ lao` egnr aeg etdg \b\\ pb_agm\ li`[bp bo ei`[ lao` ede bfae f`bi
ajod ape` f _a[ `apt\ ebf e\f ab\`n lbdtaa _p`db epag\]` dbtaa etdg )fa_eg\ fhj_kb epbdw
vn )`[bag\ epbdw e\ a_na apdte can_ bdte _p`d )a`di vn ajaa apap[ a[`\ vn a_na apdte fdt apbie
_na ebff `[bag\ epbdw e\ a_na apdte )[s] e\ a[`\
9EIL NP= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
)fa`\ la`awjb lajdae _na lb_]e ajf dt va[b\] vdt [\]f pbaib vajkbefb vap_[g esh _be _wba lbj`d
esh b`arg \gbng\ epbdw e\ )ajaa apap[ )la]apgb lakbw fgt` edt\ b]apg bfae\ [s] e\ a[`\ vn
)pbjb_ie pbt_` [d[ lbjae lade a`di vn )pbjb[e_ pbt_` [d[` e\b _rjpe\ fedn ejaa\ bta[g
eppd va\b\ b_t[b bp[ edand van_ bdte etdg dte\ _p`d )etdg\ edtag lnt \n )lade` lade ldadtpeb
ed \n\ lao` egnr aeg epbdw v\b] `_n` fijg\ epbdw` epbdw _p`d ede ejbmg\ e`baai pad e\ dnb
ea_[ eja\\ _p`d\ ejbmg\ e_b\h aef` \b\d fdfp egaa la_afj etdg\ lakje\ \bn` ea[] eja\ itp[e
)fa][jb hijk a`_ epe )bfae epn[ bed egdn dn adpb
9MIL MD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
dt` )vbaf afab _geb lbng[ a`_ ipk )fj[f [e_\ epadng ladg ladeg esh _g ld egad f\bfa a`_ _ge
pae\ egba fj[f [e_ ebf e\b _nw fa` pae\ egba vbaf afab ae\b _nw aga` afab _nw bfae afab `apt\ _pe
e\ vbaf afab _pe dt`b )fbf fj[f [e_\ egba vjb[ de n[ade _`nab vbaf afab egdn dn ea[] eja\ fa`
abfd\ lao` egnr aeg lbjae lagba la_p ejgm dt` fbf fj[f [e_ vba vafdef aj` be`ab vbaf afab fj[f [e_
afab lajgm la_p `apt e\ dnb egdn `a_ia ae\aia itp[a edgde\ \i edb lagba la_p agi_b eja\ dadt ]iwa
lbjaeb fa`od la`a_] etdg\ abj` ae\b vafdef aj` e`_`_ \s` lade )vafdef aj` be`ab )vbaf afab vbaf
epn[` ede agaa] caa dn atb )caa dn `wapfd )egdn dn eja\ latpi lbjaeb etdgd e_a\p la_ih\ ljgg lan`[
_a]ba ed\b ebf qa_` e[\b]\ eg[d _a]ba ed\ ebf leg fa` edt\ feg\] eja\ )eja\ dn agaa] lade\
ed\ ebf leg en_e` ddipa ed\ e[a\] eg[\ e_]a dn [aai ed\ ebf leg atf ube )ab\`ndb epaa_bed
fada\ e`]bj eaff pb`_d vo )vtbp` lr[f vo e`ab )e\ eg[d _]a ab[ ed\ ebf leg fs`]\ fa_]ad [aai
`bae _ge \i egdn\ laeg\] la\bgn boadke etf )e\ eg[\ e_]ad agj [aai bfae\ caa dn `wapfd atf ube
`_ pait[e \i egba ef\ egdn dn e_ktd afdeb fbf de_[a a\ahig _ge \ib )fbf vdbnf pbgbe a\ahig
lajpbj bapb`bi bd larnbgg[ dt ]a\w _ge bd `brb n[_ bd n_b ]a\w pae\ ljajp ae\b dse )bfaded ejbjgf
fmf vdbn` b_t[ bd lajpbj bapbatm larnbggb bapbjbbn la`b_g[ dtb bd n_b ]a\w lt dnb b`bi fmf vdbn` bd
e_ktd ebf qa_` e[\b] an`\ epn[` d`e la]agn esh la]apn egdn a_eg\ abja\ dse )bd `brb n[_
`apt\ fgt lakaa[ dtd e`ma[d enb_\d afde\ eaahed dpg )bfdtd aheb lbfd\ enb_\` afde egdn\ la`bi
l\agd lae_\p] lan`[ lagaa]\ fj[f [e_ d[ egba ebff` _gpe\ fgt ia_ )cbob bjan[kg ddbig ebfb
f`bid ladeg[g ladeb btmd lajagaag lade edand agaa]\ la_boar] laha_p a_eg lbjae fgt egdnd eja\
lao` bfae\ fgt \ib \i dt ab`bi e[_kd [j _`d qa_rwe e\ dnb \ib \i dt\ la`bi egdn\ la`bi e_t\ed
dnb `rd bfae fs`] fad lae\\ legb ab\bid` fs`] etdg\ e\a` ede faja\ _hgpe ed aberi [_kg\ leg\
e_ie edb ebf b\`n rk[g pb[nd _ge fgd[ ltb e_ie edb pje vafde ajrk[ _geb etdg \b\ en` e\
ebf e\f r_k` \a`n\ fg dtb ekaa[b ekaa[ dt\ l`bi e[_kd lbd qa_rwe e\ dnb )bjgg lad\` \s` dtb
)cbob fmf vnf eri eje `apt\ f[gg ldjg )fdh aperi lbn pe[j fpeb _p`d )cbob qna\be aperi `apt\
ef egap aeb )e\ e_] `apt ef )ed _b`w` d`e \aia` aef egap ae\ )caa pe bj`mn at bjeri `apt de_[a`
leg egnr aeg cbob vfd b[nab v[ `aptb )cbob caa de f[g `[ab `apt ef ed lbfd\ eiad[ d`e _b`w`
H

eo_r]gd ]a`[ ed bpb fagbk dn l\pe edb fag_od `a_] [j _`\ lao` fajag lada\` eja\ a` fa`bi [_kg\
va\]a [j _`\ egbg e`bi fadn ekdbed
9EIL MD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
is_\ agba` )vib_a `mbnb f\bgb `apt\ ebf e\f fad daig fs`] la\t )_gagd e_ied eptb\ `afa edb egaab
esh agi_ [bkad\ fag] eja\` epag\]` laden de_[ab egdn dt l\agd etdgd eaah_bt eja\ a` laj]pg
fs_\ lagba a_p ajf ede ebf aeg bgba` vba )bgba` vba _`\ de_[a bgn rk[gb ljp ) emob_ [bkad\ ag]
eak_ bfae\ fepp eja\` ea[] bfae\ )fedn eja\ )e\it l_`ipg\ eja\ a` a_p lbjae\ lao` lagba a_p aege
epbdda )bta_rwe bfaabb_p\ an\a edb epbddab e``a\ em_ aed`` ajf an\a ed e\ dnb )aitp[g bfaabb_pb
ljan\a ljeb bfaabb_p la\`nb an\a ed lbjae eak_ fjo aibjo )eak_ eja\ bfae\ la_a`p pdp )eka]p eja\ bfae\
la\`nb an\a ed lbjae aed`` ajf bta_rwe bfaabb_pb fddab e``a\ em_ e\ dnb esh bfaabb_p lja\`nb
aeg )_kb[ [\i` bn]p )bjoi vbad fht` _kb[ [\i` bn]p _geb ipk )rb[] i_ed la]kj edtb bfaabb_p
fedn etdgd ht bfae\ ]iwa \ik e\ cf hst fedn egdn\ ht fht` )[\i a_]e\ eak_ eja\ a` e\ [\i`
)eak_ eja\ e\ ]i at )eaadope` eja\ bfae bed\ _a\p eaahtpe\ eja\ )]iwa \ik ea[] eja\ e\ fht` bp
vnf a_[e )e\i em_` bfaabb_pb lagba la_p qt lao` e\it lbjae bfaabb_pb agi_` ea[] eja\ e\ rk[g
e_abe` la_aa\\ lagati lbot esh lao` fnb_p an\ba ede )fnb_p an]p be ang[ `apt ed cbob fnb_p an\ba
lan\a\ de_[at egn leg )dm_` r`[` vnb_p `apt\ fgt fnb_p\ em_ )fnb_p an\a lbjae e[a\] en_e\
bajk _be` qfagd lb`_]pa fnb_p\ em_ an\a\ lbjae dtb fa` e_[]pedb fag] dnagd lbfa_eg\ laedn lam_
peb `aptb )\`tf lg p_pbaf `apt )fd n\jgd qa_rwe e\ dnb eaa]a\wd fs`] majo\ feg\] _be e\b fs`]\
lg e]kjb edme\ vajbjm p[e e\ )\`tf lg p_pba fadn ]adphe ekbeaj p\a`n\ _p` )\`tf dn p_pbaf
p_pba \`tf lg p_pbaf e\ lao`b vajbjm \`ngd e_bt\d p]`[b bfaadn ejrhedb egdn aj` ferhed \`tf
p[e f_g\ hnt` \`t bfae\ fdn` dn p_`ope )fjbm f[e iwg fadn p]dphe ekbeaj p\`n\ _p` \`tf dn
lg p_pba )hntb vaj\g p[e \`tf dn erd[ fjbm f[e iwg fda\ e_bt\ dn afae erd[\ hntb )vaj\g
f[e iwg e_bt\ a`od e]dh afae _p`d )edt vn lakbeaj \`ngdb egdn dtd e[e`ed e]kj \`tf lg )\`tf
ekejd p]kj\ _p` )e_ie e_rhg pea_]pe \`tf lg p_pba \bnb \`tf dn afae la\tb lakje\ epbmn` fjbm
e`_i afaeb f_g p]kj fda\ p_pbab )\`t bog \`tf lg p_pba afae aefb fdn`d la_ba[ p`afa edt vn
\`t` eadp afaeb fjndt f_g fpa_ieb `apt\ ebf e\f e[j aj` edr]d l_a_g lakr fjg b]kj\ pbgf qedg\
dt la\tb egdn a`bi dt [jtgd egdn` err[gb ejr[g fs_\ egba ebffb laadp fa` epbgb lan_g dt
dt la\tb e[a\] epjat[ v\e pg[j caa _j epajb_rg\ a_`e lbjae\ b]en` lbjae de_[a lbjae\ la_p`e
xfnb_pb v_a`[b fna]p ebff fa` e_nped _kb[ adrjb b]en` de_[a
9MIL ED= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
eak_ eja\b esh agi_ ed` ea[] eja\ va_`[b agi_` ea[] eja\ fna]pb fnb_p )fa` e_nped _kb[ ladrj
xe\` e\ e`_nped edand b_npa atf la\tb agi_`
ejaamd etdg bfae\ `d a`od `a_]e ra]j \`t ebff\ fgdtb e\` e\ edt vh`pe va_`[b fna]pb fnb_p`
epbiw dtb b_a_` dt ra]j ede fagn\ la\`bn\ b_atn` fap`beap bedb fai_be bed `d ebffb ejaa\d esh
9EIL ED= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
lbd ]a_m epad esh` la[a` la\`bn lbjae\ etbdtdb lakbjrb b_atn ebff dtb la`r la\`bn dtb laatm dtb
lagn _e[ lbjae\ fada\ la]_n dtb _an[ [ae b[n fa` _gpe\ \`td ije \`t ebff vsbtn lagn _e[d
4

vp [ae `]nab fa` _gpe\ vp pbjbn vpbjbn aeg vpbjbn dt pe badn _an[f e[jb `apt\ ebf e\f vsbtn
\`tg la_`e lbjae dtd pikhb pn_wb lai[ \sj`b e`d\ la]k\b la]_n lbjae\ fagn\ esh e\bgn\ la`bib
dt darj e`d\ lbat ebf atf\ la_`e dtd epbea_` dt ape e`dg )fa` b_ep[e\ latbdtd ladaeg bitp[e
lbjae\ lakaa[ _e[ dtd ]a_mb ekbjrb etbdtd lg _ep[eb itp[e\ fg dt darj \`t epbiwb e_a_`b btatm
caa p_eg )p_eg afa fa` _gpe\ dbir drj \`t\ pdbhk\ pbdbhkgb bfai_t dn` laj_ie vsbtn lagn _e[
xn[_ pa``
abb fabo` a_e[ pje\ egdn fetm lagba ]apng lade ladg ng[gd ad ej]pg fbf e\ ei_be hijk a`_ _ge
dn ueb )[a`b `r edt darj \`t\ ebf atf ae\b pbea e]\t epaa_be\ adg lan\a edb lagpa lb_ep[a\ egdnd
`a_]g aefb aef edtb faw_b] egaa]d lao` ra]d lbfd\ laatm jsf de_[a\ lbfa`bi dt ra]db err[g\ `o
_\fe etbdtdb ekbjr _e[b p_ge\ fgt edt\ epbiwb b_a_`b btatm ede darj ed `d\ abi_beb )`d a`od
e]pgt agbkd vh`pa\ lao` ej_\fe e\ fdg )cbob badn _an[f e[jb `apt\ fai_t dn` edt darjb \`td
aef cbob ajan bg_ edb a`d f`o ed caa _geb ipk ebf ube )ajan` e\ agigd aefd ejatm\ a]dbi fetm e[`b\\
i`[gb a\be\ egdn` [j _` fbf vbdt ns[`_ _ge fbfb e_fj uat dn dame fbf\ epn[` \b\ _ge e_]
e_gag dn aekbo pa_hg\ qjg _apa pa\`n eje\ feopp ed \b\ dse n\_kw fad pjg\me apbbt fa_egd
eaff` )btat[ ed` egbab eadad _gmgb i`[g eje\ bpb fbg]be efb van\kw _beaf y_[b `apt\ a_eg\
lgm dt`b egba dt`\ ej`_] ebf e\ _hi let a`d f`o ed caa ajan bg_ edb a`d f`o ed caa \b\ _ge epn[
la`gb la`bo la`g fd b]ake lajidbk ladae dtb lahbdte _e[ dt la` fa` asjt pdadtpe\ fs`] a`od lgmb
9MIL HD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
la`bo bog lbd ]ake edb eia_ la]dh ed ep`bap` laipk edb e`d agare lbjae\ lgm dt de_[a qt lagn _e[
apbie ad aipk `apt\ de_[a phjt bf` ajfpab la`g lbd ]akab eia_ la]dh \ag ep`bap` laipk \t d`e
ed fs`]b )_gpe\ fgt bfaaja` ef_ba\b la`bo la`g e]adh edb eia_ fd pad egare fj[b[\ lgm dt\ apan_
bfaaja`g fj[b[ \i darjb qaegb e_[j epe a`pa bbf\ \n )lade ladg uadbed ede e\ ei_be qfgd ld _\[
bfae fad dme lbng[ a`_b hijk a`_\ ei_be etf \n bdmeb bg] )lai_bed qfj fedfdb letg b_geb pdmeb
pb\n l[b[ dn iwjgd fm dn hijk a`_ _geb ipk )eaa_`i _e[b hijk a`_b eaa_`i _e[b _mnde a`_b
`apt\ fdb\o a_\fjh lade pb\n l[b[ )fbg]be efb epgti egdn aj`d ekdbed \gdd aeg \gdd \b\d vptg
eioed e`bw v_edb va_fj v_ed `ebad _\[ \t \b\d fad beamie\ ejgah \b\d vptg vaj[b[` fobh f`
f\f` laedn lao_\b ldn epjat[ eag[` ea`tt ef et egaa]\ pb\n l[b[ bfae e\ hijk a`_ _ge )bf`
a`_ fad dme etf ladeb etf lade bdmeb bg] )pbea e]\t bgad[` l[b[ bfae e\ epi`[bpd e[a\] epnaahb
ua]m e_kw\ e_bfjd btigb b`pa dmagd bga\]e\ \n )fa\f` eaai a`_b ]iwa a`_b laga]n _kt` p`b hijk
lade dn ejde[ lajgm fgt` ae\b _ge ldmeb lrf_g e]\ era`_[\ eaa`tbt lade egib eaai a`_ abjan
a`tbt lbjae dt e_` fs`] ef\ eaa_`i\ bjpdtbh` lna\a era`_[\ eaa`tbt lade hijk a`_ _ge )eaa`tbt
ei`[d bfaajgm erg \tb ) va`ttd _khg fjbg `apt\ fs`]d li`[gb l\be bfdtb )la_anmb la`_`_ ena]_
lbfa_egd ei`[d e_bfj\ era`_[ bra[beb arf_ la\tb e_]a v[` vdbtd `apt\ eg[` fs`] lbd e_]
e_bfj epe atf\e )cbob )fde e_` ag be_b vtajan vb_g be[ v[ `apt\ ebf e\f l\]kpe\ _pe ebff`
l\an ae\b hijk a`_ _ge )bfaadn egaa]b bfaa[a_ dn _ihe e`_`_ e_[j epe adme bbf\ \n )bdmeb bg]
`o dn ueb lbd epbbhed ejgm ebfb an_g a` lbjae dtd agi_\ an_p bipkpe epn[ f` ep[f ebf epbn_
badmbo dn bj] _ana _[jt _geb ipk )bfae agi_\ ejgah e\ e_[j ef\ etdg\ esh etdgd la_ahe lbjae\
ejgi_ bfae\ _[j aj` fbdteab `apt\ fbg]be efb e_[jt abj` dn agi_` bfae\ leg egdn` etad )cbob ui_a
e\b an\g a` lbjae dtd agi_ bfae e\ epn[` ejdn _iheb e\ e_[j epe agi_\ l\an ep[f\ bogb )abj` dn
K

)bfaag]d \`neb e_[j _ihe atf\e )fada\ epb_npeb vf_`e\ _]` e\b adb] ng[p _]` caa `apt\ bfae
ejgah esh fdg lao` ae etf lje ef pape q_g\ epbiad[` ae l`od pje fg e_[j e_[j hijk a`_ _ge
fgd[\ ef eaai a`_ _ge b`pa lbjaeb bfaajg ahtpeb edand e_[j v_pe )lajagm etf lje ef epape e_ie
fbfb egbab egba dtg etdg fgd[ fa`od ape fbf e`_`_ e_[j ljajp\ ebf efbap esh ap_rbm etdg
)va_f` _`\g` \sbg_pd fad da`be led e\i epn[` ah_k feg c\ fad da`beb efk\o dn `at_ etdg fgd[
_`\g` bfae\ \bg_p ede ae\bg_p\ _pe bfae bedb _`\g` \bg_p a_]e\ etb[i\ a_br a`od bfae \i _pe
ebff dn vae]\ lbat e\i epn[` lgpd her fbf e_[j ebffb )laj_ie la_rhb laib_ dt a[jtpg lgpb va_f`
etb[i bo dtphg fbf e_[jb laib_ lbjaeg `amp[eb lgp ag_eb e]pk `pt fgd[b e_[j f`oe eptb\
b[_ esh bdata padb agbfp bo lwanj edm_k\ aed[d[` la_ahe lgp lbjae\ demnb emn lgp\ _ped la_br\
egdn` [j _`d
9EIL HD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
fgd[d fad darjb eppd qaeg e`_`_ etb[i bo dtphg e_[j\ lbatb vnd` _` eag[ akbn cakeb lgp dnagd
]ake la\t fgd[b bfaa`od e`_]gb edmeb aed[d[ lade dn egaa]b fad eaahtgb edeg[ efk\o pbip etdg
fgd[ an`\ fg dt a_ge bbf lbjae \agb e_[j\ egbk` ab[b e[a\] eg[ fadn ]a]i\ ejar_b[ esh e]mn
ejaaj` atb y_e` _`\g` \bg_p pe cbob l`ab `apt\ ebf e\f fedn epgti fgd[ n\a fbf lgpgb etdg
_ge pe\ fgt fedn epgti fa` n\jgd eptb\ ebffd n\ab bjpdth` dtphe l`ab bfg ede y_e` \a`n fbf
)b\ib bgi fd pdmeb bfaag] a\[b fgbk` e\i fj[b[b bfaa`od eape e_[j ef a`pa bbf\ \n e_]g` bja`ab
pb\n l[b[ afae e\ fj[b[ )eapeb edme f_eg\ epbiad[` e\ e_[j\ btd ejage bedb hijk a`_ _ge
l[b[ atb \gdd \b\d vptg pb\n l[b[ dn iwjgd _geb lag\]dgt ipk )l`od fad _\[ fs`]b ejage]\
e\biad epb\fh asjtd epb\fh afaeb pa[e_` f[ngd epb\fh afae e\ l[b[ ede \afh epb\fh aeg pb\n
_`d ladn [gi f` paeb e\i e_]n` lagaa] bfdtb ladn _hadp f` pae e\ fj[b[\ lao` bfae e\b fedn
ep_a\ agi_\ ldatg _hadp lade ladn _hadp ebf epgti\ em_` edtb fdn bjajeb fj[b[ e\d laaki\ laka]p
osa lbjae\ ese\ fepp ej]a\\ lajb]ap osa lbjae\ _ie _`\ e\i e_]n` l\aie bfdtb edandg de_[a phjt
lade fadn l_hi\ laka]p [gi edt\ e\bia esh e\bha pa_`\ egob\b e\i pa_` bfaeb esm\ laedn cb]ap
bf` edme aai\ ejdae\ e[a\] pa_` e[\]g a`` esj e\bha e\bha\ laj[ feg [gi lan_p la[gi
epb\fh bf` edme aai\ ejdae\ ea\] [gi esh bfdt pa[e_`\ e\`bn dt pa[e_`\ e\`bnd epb\fh
edand amie pa[e_` f[ng\ vafde ej`[bi` egaa]b bjpdtbh` lna\a la`ap ) cbtb la`aap pa[e_`\ e\`bnd
e\`bnd epb\fh fj[b[ )de_[a phjt\ em_` eppd amieb ape\ egdn\ em_` edand amie eppd amieb
lbjae esj ladn _hadp fj[b[ e\ vafde e_` pa[e_` e\ esh `apt\ lajgah ajf dt` egaa]\ pa[e_`\
ib_b vbfp ajk dn q[ib bf`b bfp fpaf y_efb y_ef peb vag[f pe lbjaeb ejaajp vafde \n la`ap _hadp
_p`d laj_ie [gi ef _geab vagf ajk dn pki_g lbjae laded l_ih\ laka]p [gi )fj[b[\ ladn _hadp ef
e\biab la[_[ laka]p ladn [gi )e\biad epb\fh )f` l\aieb edt\ fj[b[\ e[_[b e_]an ef _be afa
e\biad epb\fh esh em_ fa` l\aie bfdt\ e[_[b e_]an eaf e\ \ie fj[b[\ ladn _ha_p fa` l\aie\
ebf e\ fa` l\aie\ e\bhab e[_[ )fj[b[\ laka]p ladn [gi lbjae caa bjafde caa de_[a ng[ la`ap [gi
ep )etdg\ e]jk[bo ej`[bi` _hadp\ em_ lade ladn _hadp )fa` l\aie bfdt\ e[_[b e_]an afaeb \ie
lahbdte _e[ la` de_[a phjt atfb )vsbtn lagn la` de_[a lbjae atf vaibif la` fj[b[\ ejbbot ami
)la`bo bog fd la]kg edb fd la]dh edb eia_ f` pad eiapk ed\ egare egaa] fj[b[\ lgm dt ljgg l`_`_
apan_ apbie ad aipk _gej[ ast bf` ajfpab )la`bo bog fd b]ake la\t eia_ e]dh eiapk fj[b[\ epn[`
xfeg\] f_b`i`b )li_bed qfagd ede ld f_\[ ed fs`]b
R

dse )aeg lbfd\ em_ lja_ie lakaa[ laj`_]\ em_` lagare lakaa[ lade ejng[ ef afb`ed _mnde a`_ _ge
a`_
9MIL FD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
e_bj bfae e\ `d d`e _gpe ef e`d ami ep bfae fedn em_ bod\ lakaa[ _e[ dt a_` _mnde )es_d lbng[
fbf laedn laghb` bog `a[j\ eib_g eib_ fag]d laape\ fea_ akjt fedn etdg fa`od lagm\ edgdeb ]ad\\
akjt\ lao` lbd \a]be aege [eb pa_ko f_bgn dnb vb\h dn _argf caab _geb ipk )e\f eno_` egdnd _a]be
bfaadnb dea]\wb dek_ lbjaeb uht` fkij fjba akjt e\ )fea_ akjt\ e_phb )epn[ eaff` b`a[j ed fea_
x e`d esh etdg ag] \a\p e`[jd pbib_ batedg f[bn _gpe
lbjae leg va]b[nf png\ fjfb [g[f pip b[nj[ va]b[nf dt pe fe_eb _geb e[a\] ejawb` ipk dbir
bfae\ lbd dar] pbgf qedg atb pbgf qedg asn egdng la]dh\ lbfge\ ek]bp` lbjae\ la]bja lade va]b[n
na]_` p_eg afa `apt\ ebf e\ it ebff leg vijg vfd laeb it vfa][bn \agb _geb _\f ede ][bn
etaaib pdme afaeb dbir a_]e afaeb ][bn ebff\ ejgg afae\ padad e\b beb _hi p_eg ebf e\b vag[f
ana`_` e\b aj[` a_`e e\ edme \`t\ ejamd dbir bfaadn at`gd fng\b emob_ bf` p\`n _p`b a]bja`
xa_rbm\ epbg dbir a`_`_\ epbg \`t ana`_`b aj[` e`r ejgah pad e\ lao`b pa[e_`\ e\`bn`
9EIL FD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
)pbgf qedg\ fepap[ eo_\ er_ahn esj fe_arhn fg\_p a_]pe e\b epbg\ lap[g \i eo_\ bfae f`a]
xepbg\ lap[g e\i emg_ )epbg bedb )epbg\ e_rhg bfae ]ai_g ape\ bogb
9MIL BD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
lbjae dt eppd va_g[ lap[ lbjaeg aepp ajmpe fajgb eppd\ la_rh dtd _\[gb ]ai[b darj e\ etgbrwe
`a_]b \`t edt darjb lakaa[ dt ladrj _e[b va_\kb va_`e lbjaeg eadad` bjmpae\ laj_ie la_rhb laib_
laj`_] date fa_e\ ejbbot ei`\g dn amipe e\ dnb lagaf de fa_e ajkb `apt\ bfae e\b _gep\ fgt `dd
xedand\ ejbbot ekbo\ em_` lakaa[ _e[ dt fedfdb letg
9EIL BD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
e_rhg laapeb egdn dn e`[jd eib_ a]kg vade aj` lb_]e lbjaeb e\it le_`ipg fj]` le]mn pa[ fj]
aj` vade ]iwa d[ dae d[ _kb[ _kb[ b_]e ladeb _kb[\ ejbbot lbjae e\it l_`ipg lbjae \tb f_b`o\
ngp[eb e_rg a`n` n_neb ]akj ed] ebffb ed]b eib_ la]kgb ]iwa\ vade vade aj` caad b`f l[`
fgb esh e\ lao`b laape e] f_b`o\ e_rhg ae\b\ ljb`pa ag bapb_b`o vn_b `apt e\ dnb _`d epaa_`d
`apt ed vnb_ caa de va`_ vag dn caa van_f \b`tf de cbob \b`tf de vagf dn caa db] ed] ebff _ge
xljb`pa ag `apt\ ebf e\f ed] aef\ ei`[` n\a\ leg padb vade aj`\ e\a dn van_f \b`tf de ede
\ag la`_] lbjae va[e )va[e\ eo_\` em_ bfae e\ esh afae\ lakaa[ bfdtd den lgpgb edtag nd`\ r[b
ladte lade )lbdtea bpdijb caa a[e e\ em_b va[ed dadt\ fedn e[e bog edt esh dadt adrjb and`b
lao_\ ede lbfd\ em_ bedb ladte qae lan\a ed \`d _`d esh egdn aj` dtb atf ladte ed _e[b land`b
a`d den\ \n adrjb an\a vajk`g ede an\a ed\ ybi`g f]a\` fad pad r[b )bfaajg ladrjb lan\a lbjae bod\
epag\]` \`tg adrjb ag\]e\ lao_\ a]kj va[e ladeg _gpe\ fgt \`t edt darjb d[`peb ]aip[eb ejibr
brng at pbjibrf bdr`b `apt e[\]g a` `_ipe\g e\ dnb ajirb la`_] adte pbjibrf lade lbjae letgb
N

ej]ba\ r[b ede )aege )rs[b l_b]eb adrjb and` bfaadn ard[\ lbjae ljirpe\ lbat epag\]` lajir lade
bseb\
9MIL ND= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
e_gi eap[g dtagd edtag br]db vnf br[ `apt\ eagb e_gi eap[g dtagd r[ _p`db ubkt r[b bfae
lbfd\ epa`bfd[` lakaa[ esh vak_[ lade fea_` `aep[eb den r[b aef` vag\ etbhjb laa\ etbhj eagb
`_i\gb fadami e]\t \ib \i dt ladrj lade dtb lbf` edt `aep[eb e\i e_b`i` fea_ lb_]eb eap[g adrj
fad] va_e )f_eg fa` pad\ egba padb bfaajbmgb bfaaj]ba\ b_anme\ bfdt brng at pbjibrf bdr`b e[\]g a`
b_anme ljgg la_`ao l`_`_ la\`e lade le`r dt\ egnd abb e[a\] ep_] vd[b_a abb _geb lbng[ a`_
ed\ ladet la]agn lagaph lam_ fdoa leg egdn lg ]dphp \t a`_ abb b_ge eaa_`i bt` e\ dn bfaaj]ba\
e_\d abb fabbo` pje\ e\\ fetmb lade ladg lang[\ e_\ fetm ep[f \nb etdg fgd[\ egba lg bngp[e
)qjg qagpa lb_ep[a\
9EIL ND= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
`apt\ bjaaf \n e\ ejgahb atf ube c\ e`_`_ cn )\ie caa bjafde caa de_[a ng[ _geb [s_ ipk _fm
egdn esh etdg egaph ch\ lao` egaph ed rsg eibpk cg gs[ lbbpe lb_ep[e vt` caa \n `a e debg[
)`apt _`\ _phf vafde \b`t ise b_ep[e laj_ie lbbpe )fepp egdn esh etdg eiapk cg )fedn
lbbpe\ em_g edandg fad ejagm fb\i egba dt` e\ e\bia \iaag\ leg dt e`h ejbjgf `_\ e_kh` ejit[e
_ak[b e[a\] e\bia e\ )[gg )caa` ig[e atje n_kgd lbbpe u_wgb e_rh aefg ise e_rh aefg gs[ lade
edandg fad ejagm fb\i egba dt` e\ e\bia \iaag\ leg\ ejbbo aef at _ge\ qbji\ e_kh` ebf atfb bfae
de_[a cn v[ ng[ ebf e\b la[a\] lf`e\ em_` lfg[ lan`[ lade e`_`_ cn lg dadtpe\ gs[ fa` pae bp
ladkp d[ _[] e\ c\ apan_ apbie ad aipk _ge\ ebff ise lbd \aie\ ladkp\ ap` n`_e lade caa bjafde caa
ebn_ ae\b ef\ egae _ge qaaib ft` )lbng[ c_ ]ap[ )fedod ed\ _hgpe lagatid em_ bf` p\aie eaf\
e_rhgb e\ e_rhg la]kj lanbw_ la_p fedod lbd b[_ efa\ eia[g etdg apaa\ \n e\ e_\t padb itp[e
la_p\ em_ lanbw_ la_p la]kj edandg ef\ bf` l\aie rb[] aea`j\ ise aef\ eppd\ lat_a la_p\ em_ e\
edand p\aiepe eaf\ lbat eppd lat_a br[kpeb epij _p`d bf` p\aiepe psd\b edeg[gb ejagag lanb_\
pa_` \ba\ bga[_b lat_a adbka[` e\aie p\iepe afae \tb efhbdte` e\ieped eppd epij pbea e]\t
e\ pa_` _rj\ leg dt \snb pa_`\ em_ afae e\ \sba \i e\bia` p\iepe afae la\t edandg fdn e[a\]
lgb fedn eja\ lg `amp[e e\ pa_` dn aj] bfae\ lao` hijk ldjg eppd `amp[eb edand `amp[e bfae
ed\ qa_rwe e\ \sba )cbob lftf l_fe l` _mnde l` hijak \sff fabbo` e\ \sba va[_pe tso`b eppd\ eja\
e`]bj` edb afae e_bt\` e\ \sba bfae )ca aef` fda\ fb\i dtb e\b_k \a`na ed\ \a\ fdkp bog ddt a\npa
ape\ egdn\ ejb\ng ebf ]ai_ e\ _peg fad ]ai_\ legb f\f` p`a_]pe qt lao`b ]\w afaeb ]a\w bfae
fda\ ep`beap esj fb\i tso`b \sba ed` f[e afaeb [ae bfae \sba ed` ]\w afaeb ]a\w bfae e_bt\`
\`te a\`tg at `apt \snb )edand\ ejb\ng fad lb]i_a e\ ejb\n ]ai_\ leg f\f` ej\npedb f` e`_]ped
ag] v] ]iwa\ em_ hijk a`od vad[e qt lao` fw_k vaphb ]iwa\ eka]p eja\ ag] vae] hijk isp )cbob
vae] hijk esh de_[a\ bfaadn ejoed lao` ]iwa\ eja\ ag] fw_k` v] )ddkab hijk \bgnab `apt\ fw_k
eja\ ag] fw_k` v]\ \bgnab aeg ddkab hijk \bgnab `apt\ de_[a\ bfaadn ejoed ]iwa\ eka]p eja\ ag]
eaadp ed ej`[bi ef egap aeb )ej`[bi` e\` e\ dadt \snb ]iwa\ em_ hijk a`od vad[e tso` ]iwa\
esh e[gp[eb eadp ]iwa\ lao` ebf atf ae\b ede ]iwa` edand ej`[bi etfb fda\ lajaan` ede
_pe lae_\p] lan`[ lbjae fda\ lajaan ef\ egdn dt\ laja\ lajaa\ lgp\ lajaan lbjae\ _pe ebff` q[gpeb
W

v]b ]iwa e\ hijk )_ak[ edtb ladme e\it lbjaeb ]iwa\ lao` \i edt \snb la_\fjh lb_]eb egdn\ laja\\
)ejaga` edeg[ dadtpe etf ejagad ftm tso`b edeg[ bfae\ eka]p f_b`o` [`dpgb eja\ lae\b hijk
\i \s[ dn \i es\ fgaib ue pai[g vjfao\ vajbgg co lbjae lade ede apgi pe `a[f aeg apgi pe `a[f
]iwa` bfae [`dpe \`n fg ]iwa\ e_rhg q[gpeb ra[k fbf\ fgi ebff egi\ lao` msn dn \ib nso dn
legt fgai ebff` \aieb
9MIL CD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
b` lanobk laej] pag_e dnb` dt\ eja\ l\ )eja\ \a`nb eja\ l\ la\tb e_bied fad `apeb fa_`i` \aie\
`abe ajkg bjaga _bie `a[f vpf `aptb apgi pe `a[f etf `apt \snb vfaj[ pe _b]\ab `apt\ eaj\ \a`nb
ebff egi \t\ de_[a aj` dng ebf edtb ]iwa\ \sba etf hijak\ \sba \snb e_bied jsf e_bied ldfd fg
ejgah ebf e\b ena]_` her fbf\ e\ pe cg egi egi aeg de_[a\ lbfa[a_ dn paij fbf\ fad egi fgi
pe ebff darj la\t ]iwa` [`dpg fbf\ fg hijk \`n fg )cp peb bseb pe` fej`ped ean`\ pbgf qedg\
lao` rsg )e_bied `p \ag fa\f` cg ebffd fad uri hijk\ fsg egi\ lbat fa\f` fad _`ib fad urib cg
]iwa ]adh atfb is_ fag[ ]adh atfb is_ ej`[bi` abfgd ]dpheb ]iwa` [`dpe hijak fa`d` aj] \t\
lao` b\a` ig_ i]ab \sff isg_ \ag \a`npeb fa\f` fad _`ib fad uri ena]_` her cg ped egi\ lbat
v\e\ fa[a_ dn her fbf e\ pe\ lao` egdn dn pbg aj`gd lb[e_f v\ed feg\] ejgah fbf cg pbe\
lppb dtepb `sn `a pa[e_` pg\]f `apt\ ejgm` psb etig fbfb ba_k cg ba_kg i]pb `apt\ epn[`
de_[a\ lbfa[a_ dn haer \sba pe ebff ep[f fad agi fbf hijk )egdn dn pbg aj`pe la\t fji]kpb
fd uri \ag fsg\ ejgah ae\b ef _ge fad egi\ lbat eg\ eadg fibpk cg\ ej]ba\ egi fad egi qeafb
`apt \snb b\a` ig_ i]ab la\t isg_ ua_wpe is_ fbf\ fgb fa`od pe aefd paijb [_kg eg[ fdn _t\e
lao` vtbp` aeg vtbp` )e_ie b[_` fad la_`ig bbf\ e[a\] eg[d aj]\ apej] pe bej]` de_[a aj` dng
fbf cg qbp` cg qbp` vtbp` d`e bfaaja` epbgd fag_o _hgb l`_`_ fgt lahbdte fgt bo` denb dme fbf\
lgpgb \s` pbpag c\\ ejgah afae pba]dg cg\ ejgah afae pbg\ ejgah afae\ lao` cg rsg )aj]\ fej] ebff
epb`ehgg e`]bjb _t\ bog l[_kpg\ laib_ c\ lbjae c\g paij )c\d paijb cgd ]adh ]adhb paij )paijb ]adh
cg qbp` v]b hijk darj e\b pbgf qedg\ lajegb ejgah cg bjaafb cgd la]dh lgpgb \s` pbpag c\ bfaajao`b
fkog` vapgf bafab `aptfb fs`]\ fapgi hijk `a[f qeaf atb )apej]` de_[a aj` pe apadt edb \snb
apadt edb apgi pe `a[f rsg bpag ajf dt\ lbat d`e apgi pe `a[f ejage fbf bfaajg \i pag ed ae )cbob
e]\t fan_m _arj ed\ legd fad abb fan_m vaok\ [j _`d fad abb fdg\ e_a_` ae\b ede de_[a aj` pe
er`[\ la[j` b`_npe `_ `_n lbjae bpe \t lbng[\ er`[ ede pag de_[ag \i bdake\ vbd[b hi pbea
b_ep[e\ lbjae etf bpag laj_ieb epbg` bpag lbfjgb don` bpag lbfjg laj` b\adbeb b_aaope\ _p` lbng[\
b_gphe\ lao`b bbf e_]ang\ vapg vapgf ede `apt ed bpg _[e )fkog` vapgf bafab `apt\ ebf e\f
aj` pe apadt edb `apt \snb bjaajg \i cake _hi ed\ lao` bfdt lbjgpe e[a\] en_m lbjae dtb de_[a
ed `_ `_n bbf\ laj_ie dng d`e `a[f de_[a aj` dng apgi pe `a[f ltb bdt laj_ie\ ddtg de_[a
fa\f` fs`] lbd _`ib lag\]dgt de_[a aj` lbjgpe \so`b de_[a aj` dng _geb e_] va[_ \snb `a[f
fg de_[a aj`g bbf ed\ femiedb bbf `_ `_ng lbjae dt )cbob vnf lg dbkab `apt\ don\ e\`bn` e\ ejbbot
)de_[a aj` p\n dt pe f[g df]ab _p`d `apt
9EIL CD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
lbjae\ lbat ddt` edt b`d bj`\a _[e [ae dt peg `apt epag\]` ami ep )fgb_p vtpeg bi] fd pbg[
lbd _ge )de_[a\ bfaa\f` ehaakped ebf qa_` e[\b] en` bpag\ lbjae bfaajg bpagb e\ b\`n `_ `_n
./

eje lbt` aj` lbd _ge bfaa\bid` de_[a aj` p\n dt pe f[g df]ab `apt\ ebf e\i \i _rhd btdt b_`ipe
efp\ ejan` ed e_ieg edb vtpeg fgb_p vtpeg bi] v[ e\ dnb ada\ e_ba\ efp lbtgn a_[gd an`
bafab bbf e[a` enmj lbjaeg lbjae ef etf ube )beawp[e bfdt qt lao`b btaa\f` edb a\f` laj_ied ekbp[
)bfaa[a_ bga_e de_[a aj` [e_ pe be[ `apt\ lbd fjg qt lao`b de_[ag edb vapg ae\b vapgf )vapgf
\gwab `apt efb dse egae a_` dse )e\ dn epobdk ejit[e ed ae ebf pbea fgt e`e _mnde a`_ _ge
b_`ipe atf abrb[]` [j _`` _`ipe\ e\ e\agwt fa\f` de_[a b_`ipe\ ljajpb _bnk dn`d de_[a
de_[a bt\pe\ pa_ge ed eje ede _bnk dn`d de_[a \gwab ebf atf _mnde dse )_bnk dn`` de_[a
n]bfb vnf a[e_ dt pe i] v[ `apt efb dse )epbg bfadn ea_[ ed\ epbgg bt\pe\ ede f`bi ebffg
e_ab vpf `aptb vnf etf `apt udagd ld pae vnf lgb de_[a aj` a[e_ edb ae\b vnf a[e_ dse vpbe
lg d`e fad bidk edb _bnk dn`d de_[a \gwab ami ep d`e vnf lg dbkab v[ )vnf df]ab v[ )vnf
\gwab `apt\ lbat vnf ede )de_[a bip[ab dteab `apt edb bbip[ab vnf dteab `apt\ itbe e_]\ fakah
de_[a\ f`bi bbf e[a` en_m ebff ede )vnf dteab aeg de_[a
9MIL @D= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
dn`d ede `apt ed _bnk dn`` de_[a \gwab ami ep )_bnk dn`d de_[a \gwab ft _`\g` `apt\ bfg
fag] e]kedb fag_o n_kgd ebf _bnk\ ejidbk\ lao` epn\ ed` _bnk dn`d b`fa ek]bpb larb[] _bnk
bfae fada\ edbmdm\ e`a[i e\ bgi\ lbat de_[ab )fajg u]ppeb fad ajfe ep\a`an ebffb )pipb_ febw
fna\a ed` bfaag_o bn_k msn\ edbmdm lao` lbjaeb bd _gep ew d fan[a `apt msn` ef\ fada\ edb]d]b
x [sn v\b]f u\` `apt fgb )de_[a aj` dn _ktab `apt\ ejpbg dr`b hijk _kt ajf dnb
9MIL OD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
fafa ebf vafdef f[na _[e dt at apn\a _geb ipk f\bfa a`_ )rngd `_ la` bpij ]dip d_bof ak dn
dt at ejn\a ed egdn aj` dt dn _apa fapgti\ etdg fgd[ )cbob nb_od lae bjggb uahbfd lae badn vdbnd
etdg fgd[ ae\b ede e_ie [j _` n\a ed\ fg apn\a _ge bfaeb vdbnd fafa ebf vafdef f[na _[e
\t egdn\ ajgbe _e[ ami ep )egdn aj` _e[ dt an\a ed n\a bfae\ fgb egdn aj` dt dn e]dh fapgti
fs`]b fajg n_o be fadn uahbe _p`db fad \a`nb lajgm la_pb ejgm dtpheb fa` io[e ep\a`n \a`n bfae
ekhbed qa_rwe edb pbea e]\t ]ppe [gg bfaeb ddt pb[gg f` pad\ bfpg bpged ep\a`n ]ake atf bed
vafdef f[na _[e dt bp )\eg `br fjfb f[n _[e dt pe vafde e_ab `apt qt lao` fajg en_oedb
aef ede )bajkdg be_aa[ f[n vafdefb bfg atf ae _ge ]iwa a`_ )vdbnd fafa ebf ae\b egdn\ ejb]pd
fafa ebf vafdef f[n _[e dt at )fad an`g atf e_] aef ej_`i la` fedn em_ ebfb ejkadbe atf e_]
ede f[na _[e dt p_ge peb faf _`t pbafd _[eb ebf _`t faf[ fg `apt efb f[na _[e dt bfg vdbnd
qd bd ftigd fad an`g pa[n f[na bd ftigd f[na qpdbm vafde fpe_ ed lan `apt )ngp[e e_ie e_]g
\i ]akj fajgb e`f vdbn a_]eb _`an dtd bfdt lajawb` ]ad\eb ]akjb \aoj\ ebf fedn _pe ede fad an`g
ejdae
9EIL OD= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
\aoj\ e`f vdbn ebffb fbg]be efb lajdae _e[ dt dn ebf e_a]ab fedn ejdae aefb ej]ppedb ea][ped
fajg anb`g ]ahk ed la_rn` fad _rng fap\a`n` fad l]pgb fad a][e _a\p ejdae aefd fad la]pe ]akjb
`apt e\ dnb fa` edt\ egba] lajdae _e[ dtg ea_[ fa` epbjgafg eadp ejdae ebff` )lagdn agdnd vdnd
.3

nb_od lae bjggb uahbfd lae badn efa ebfb fbf ebf faf ebf ae\b )vdbnd fafa ebf vafdef f[na _[e dt
vafdef la]pe e\ _peb ebf epaa_be\ e\ ejdae\ bjgg n_op edb badn uhbp ed `apt epaa_be` e\ dnb
)vafde edb vafdef )bpjb`pd _]i lae _ge pe\ fgt _]i laegb ubh laeg f_b`o e\ vph vafdef )_a\p
)bajkdg be_aa[ f[n vafdefb `apt qt lao` la_\ a_\d abgag l]hk ed\ nb`gt _a\p f[na f[n e\ dnb
fad lbkdia edb bajkdg be_aa\ lao` eppb edan _rh dtd \aie\ vad[ ejb]p` ejdae aefd fad la]pe
_p`db f[na epag\]` edtphed pae bp d`e p_ge e] _ak[ ae\b e`e a`_ _ge )la_\ a_\d e_ie ekbdi`
la_\ a_\d abgag l]ahk ed\ ejdae aefd la]peb f[na ae\b _a\p ede )aefd aef la` fg f[n vafdefb
\a`n fepp ejdae aef\ aeft f[na edb fajg eppd e_ie ejdae vafdef f[n ede f[n bfg )f[n _p`db
e]\t ede denagd di\ab fepp ejdaed it[ab b[_` dbnaa fedn ejdaed dbna\ leg\ lao` fad la]peb fad
ejdaeg lmpgb ca][pe f[n fepp ejdae e\b de_[a _gb[ a_]e e\ dnb )ebf eipk _arj aef\ ami ep ami
lbjae ede fad lb`_]a edb egdn aj` bajkdg be_aa[ egnr aeg f[n ede f[na `apt ed e\ dnb edand\
aef dn ami ep )edeg[db ejagad lbrha edb epaa_be\ ai_e e[j aj` lb_gphab e_ie edb e`_]d lbmipa\
e\ dnb etdg \b\ fa` \aie\ e`\n e\ ad_bo bfg ad_bo qagbp fpe \b\ _ge ea_[ fa` abdai dt\ ejdae
lbjae\ lbf]dbi fetm ak dn fa` lt esh `apt d_bof caa ksn v[ pgab )caa ksn ebf ltb )`apt d_bof ksn
faip fgtif _ge pe\ fgt fedn ejbmg egba dt` adte lbjaeb abi_e an\ab adadb egga epaa_be` lad\p[g\
xbdtea a\`n fjf bfaadn _gpe efb lmpe e\ _peg edand\ epaa_be ef\ fadn`
f[n _tm ebf e\b fa\f` upp[eb na]_ aefd \aie\ db] e\ na]_d dng db] afab _geb ipk e`e a`_
fbg]be efb vagd vag la` da\`fd aj[` a_`e\ ebf e\b lbbai lbjae dn bfaadn vae] ena]_ ebffb bapbedkjd
fa` ajthgb fad la`fa\ fg ede fada\g fad pad ef\ [g[g bjae lbdab ae\b )edand edand lana]_ fn`[\
]ake eadad` ef\ pa`_n eawbgb pa_i[ hajtg e\b afde pa`d apbjatf aajn`b `apt\ em_ ebf e\ b\iepe
ef\ lard[ edb bfaa`]jd daneb bfdtd [ajt pa_i[`b lahbdteb ladaai lbjae dn erd[b la_rh dtd abdai
fajg na]_ aef dn pae db]b fbg]be efb )pbdad` qpjbgeb q\hi _]`` \aofd _ge pe\ fgt bfdt dadt _]`
bfaaptb\` v]agd ede b[_ bf` padb ladrj ed lahbdte bfdt _npe db] aef\ epn[` na]_ aef lmpe
dn _[e na]_d dng bfae e\ dnb fajao` lt_`pab na]_ ebffd \aoj\ b`ar ebffd letigb lbfadai a`_]eb
em_ ebf e\b de_[a l`e e\ _akh l`e fe_gt eht pbg\ _akh l`e dn _[e na]_ na]_ ami ep )v[e_
_ge bfaeb )d_bo fa` `aptb en_e p_agd de_[a bn` \t edandg epij l`e \i cbob l`ef pe bddob `apt\
pbipg ebf l`e e\b eajdkd e\b eajdkd e\
9MIL G= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
]iwa a`_ )bpdij ]dip ae\b d_bof ksn qt ajao`b `apt de_[a l`e fnb_ v[g ae\b )epfj etdg\ eaah_t
)epjat[\ fa_p`e raf_j ae\b b_ge fa_p`e brf_ _mnde a`_ bf` nok \bdd e[beg adme bbf f\bfa a`_b
cbob a[]`g ]\w ak\b_ ade bng[ _geb ipk )ep\i fdg ng[jb q\f` upp[j ae\b b_ge fa`od brg\ \n
n\jgd bpan` ae cf a[]`g lbjae ae\b ]\w ak\b_ epbjgafg _p` ladme\ lbjae ]\w ak\b_ ade bng[
d`e e\ dn bfaag_od fpag bg_o\ egdn aj` _e[t ef\bid` f` lbdtphp ed ]\w aefd e\iedb epbjgafg
xvp_]bj _b` p`]g deb vp`wbi _bw de bra`f v[
cbob caa db]` nbg[t vai`mb pbdbn` caad ykif `apt )cbob agid aj`_] pe vfade p_geb de_[a aj` pe bw
vad[ l`_] bfae e\ f`bi ad` bfae\ l`_] ede l`_] `a_]a fa`bi dnb [j _` `bia\ fs`]\ epbn_ pad
)cbob f_`[j ib_ vafde ai`m ipk e`e a`_ xla`bi dn _ktg\ `o dn ueb atf ube \agp l`_]b vagd[ a_]eb
an\a ed e[j aj`b )f_`[j ib_ ede ab`bi dn [j _`\ l`_]` an_pe ed fs`]\ epbn_\ fbg]be e_] aef
e_rhg ib_ fadn qa[ge ab`bi` e`ephed [j _` ape \t\ e[a\] ejawb`g ejng[ atfb a_ge] aeg
.

rad[b u]ppeb fadai` _`ope e`ehg e_rh ebffb epbn_ dtd fadn rad[b [j _` dn aeopeb e`ehg\
faj`_] `a_]e vaa] e[\]g a` fbf\ ejgm` fad laet\g )fet\ped fadn rad[b [j _` ape )fapbn_d fadn
ebff\ b_a`i ebf e\b fad qaegb fada\ epbeo bog ib_ ebffd _`pb r_ipe\ \n fadn eaadp fada\ f_kt dt
_`pe ed aeb pbea e]\t ebn_` d`]pe\ bfae e\ faj`_] `a_]b e`ehg ib_ ebff _`pe \tb e`ehg\ eo_\
vafde ai`m qt lao`b a`dtg ede fs`]\ bed e\ ej`_] ef\ _hgpe a`dtdb vbdt faj`_] bed ib_ ebff
fadn pbea e]\t fad _`pa\ leg e\ dnb )rbd[a edb e`ehg eib_ ebff _`pa\ f_`[j ib_ ebf pbea e]\t
)`b[a edb `apt\ ebf e\f lagdnd fa`od `bpa ed\ epbir`e` e_`o ebff abfad )`b[a edb qdbf ib_ `apt
xfa`od bfae e_]a` fm`p ed vafde egdn\ laobjn` ojnpe edb aeope ed\ e_`o ebff et\jb _`[j `d
va_ph pae d`e fbg]be e_] aef )cbob fdt apbie ajod ape` ipk _mnde a`_ )[gg msn )de_[a aj` pe bw
egae pgphb fdg pa_[\ ebf pbea lbng[ a`_ dse )_gpe edtb etf ej`_]\ la_\h pa[ esh ej`_]`
pagi\ fdg eaff egae _ge )ejkadbeb fdg qbji\ e_kh` ejagi\ lao` _ge aege pgphj esh
9EIL G= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
epjo bod ladaan bfdt la]dh \t egdn\ laj`_] dt\ lao` ajod ape` e\ _ge fs`] fdg \i fdt _ge )png[b
b]a_mb bhatjb fdn aberi a\be [j _`\ epn[` ej`_]\ epb_a[b epag\]` qeafb ast\ em_ epag\]` l\n\
fgf`\ ej`_]\ egnr aegb aefg lbjfpe la[a\] laib_ lbjae qeaf edtphed pae ep[f )ei`\g dn fag\\
fad e\]bedb fgf`\ bhatj egnr aeg ep`bap` e`pedb eib_ ebff [j _` e_`id eaoh fbf _apa efb
bfdtb egba dt` pdte la_br udeb la_br ude dn ena`_\ fgf` pae\ lao` ebf em_ ede )ei`\g\ e_bj`
fgf` eaff lbd qaid bfdtb e[eg bbf fggb a\an` date e_an` pae\ ljajp e\ dnb ude a\_f` pbgf` lb_]e
eaf laj[ pa[` edge\ l\_a\ eag dtb )ej] de ebf fdte [e qafde caa at `apt\ ebf e\f e\i etaid`
e\bhab e_]n ajf dt\ e_agi fdg\ e_ph )bfak de l\_a iaoa at ir`a `apt\ ebf e\f e\i enago fad p\`n
ebff _aawpeb eppd br[kpe bfaajg a_an`\ aib_\ esh er[kpg bfaajg eib_\ lao` eppd\ a_an` ajfd
fa_ped `pb e]dh e\ e_an`\ eib_ ebffb ej`_]d e_an` apaae [j _` `i \tb a_an`` eppd eib_
e[b`d ebff\ eg\b e`di ebffg laajfpeb laapeb la`_]pg e\ ejam\ lbjae dtb bfdt` eib_ ebff r[kpgb
dn la_boajh lb\`npeb bjmpeb bjfpe lbfdtb lbfd\ eib_ ebff lao` fbf lbfd\ e_rhg ef\ e\ eib_\
qdn fs`]d a_` qa_` lbng[ a`_e )fgf`f lg ej`_] qt lao`b _gpe\ fgt r[b q_\ denb [j _` ebff
fap_` e\ qp\dba dopb )de_[a phjt e\ qgeb edand\ qa`e ig[a )qp\dba dopb qgeb qa`e ig[a _gpe
fdbn ubnf lg veb `apt\ aeg akbn\ ej`_] fgf`\ ej`_b] ef egae a_` _mnde e\ahi _aea l` hijk a`_\
ejagi ed\ lao` egae edb e_ibe edb akbn\ fdg fgf`\ fdg aefg ejdtphe d`e ejagi ed dse )bj`_]
_` fedod b_hgpe edb lgp laeaoh la_ph laj`_]\ em_ d`e p_ge pbea _mnde dse ejng[ ed lnt \nb
lbai esh lajeg lbjaed e_ph bfae e\ laj`_]\ e_ph )bfaajg ahtpe ed lbfa_eg\ em_\ rb[] aetmd
ajk )fa_e ajk _[j ajk )_b[ ajk )e[a\] etdg\ ehj_kb eaah_bt bfae e\b eht` la]b]i laj]ba\ c\ )la[a\]
fgtd lr[kpg bfaajgb lade` lade ldadtpeb laded lade ladtphg lakje dtb bfdtd dadt\ v\e ajk )v\e
lajam fn`_ed fajg eib_ a_an`d r[kpe _b[ ajk lb`[ib ejaajgb e_bna[ lbd pad\ eppb edan lbb`_b la_rh
ladaai lbjae bbf lbfjg\ lao`b ej`_]d lagaa] ladeb vamnb va\bpnb va[`tb va_k lbjae ladeb \i` ldadtpeb
abf\ ed aeb lbfd\ e[b`db e\bha ebffg lbjfpeb lbfd\ e\bhad la`_]pg _b[ ajk ebffg ar[kpg\ la[a\]
p`a_]peb eaa]a\w\ lbfaib_g e[a\] epjat[d eiaaj abf\ ejbbot )lgp la`_]pg ed egdn aef\ e\bha bfd
lbfd\ e\bha\ e_rhg lbjfpe lade qt ib_ ebff fbf fjg\ lao` fajg pejfpeb fetm ebff\ eib_ ed`]d
a`_]pg\ e[b`d ebffg lbjfpg lade qt esh e[b`dg ib_ ef\ esh cad a`_]pg\ e[b`d ebffg lbjfpeb
r[kpe _[j ajk )bfaajg lbjfpe qt lao`b fbf lbfd\ eib_\ e[b`d eg\b e`di ef\ lbfd\ e\bha\ e_rhg
..

_[jb esh epijb r[kpe qt lao`b laib_ la_p ukbna ubnb e\ em_b bfae la_rh la_p` _[jb fajg ib_ ekbnd
ejagag apijb fajag ar[kpg aib_ la_p qt lao`b ukbna ubnb e\ em_b edeg[gb ejaga bfae la_rh la_p`
bfaaobbmd rb[]` lbjae\ va_bpb fjba ede `a_]pe ed eat\ _rh dtg akbn\ ej`_] edeg[gb
9MIL MG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
apijb bfaajg ej`_] e\ dnb bobm _`d e`]bj e\d e\ ejgafgb lak\b_ edb lak\_j vfb lakbn _e[ dtg
be fjba aefg _anm r[kpe qaf egap aeb )lbfd\ e_]nb e\bhag laajfpeb la[a\] laib_ lbjae a`_]pgb
]ad\ ]a]\ eo_[ \i ami ep )atf ube e\i e_an` lg be e_bna[ lbd pad\ ladaai la_rh fgtd e\ ejajk[g
ep[f )eht` la]a]i\ la_rh la_pg ej`_] etf \n )e`_`_d ]ad\e ]a]\ ene bp egdn dt fajg eaadgpe
)ej`_] pae bfdtg ae\b ede laj_ieg ej`_] pad egnr aeg )eht` la]b]i\ lbjae laj]ba\ c\ de[gd pae
]b]i v\e )lgpg ajfpeb dateb e[e` denb paij fa_e vad[ ej`_]\ epn[` eaah_bt` ]b]i fa_e
`a_]pe ejam dtb fepp v\eg ajfpe fedn v\eb fapg[jb faib_ lgp `a_]gb edt\ e_]n v\e eaah_bt`
ej`_] ebff` eppd e\bha fad pad\ fa_e ef egap aeb )fada\ e\bhagb [gg fada\g fajg ajfpeb fajamd
ejaga\ lao` fajamg fajg esh ladte ed _e[ dtb bfdt` date qt lao`b abf ejagad ef\ bfdt` dadt fa_e
e_]ng lbjfpe \tb )vad[ ej`_] abf qt lao`b ej`_]d la`_]pg eht` la]b]i\ laj]ba\ c\ dt ef ebf
e_]nb e\bha lbjae esh a`fa ade_[ab aebadb ajft )laedn lajawb` e]d\ed ib_ pij la\t lbfd\ e\bhab
fajam d`]d ejam l_ge\t epag\]` eaah_bt\ laj]ba\ c\ fa\bhad `afa eo_\ dtb lbfd\ laedn lao_\ lbjaed
a`_]pg bfdt l_ge]\t fajam lbjaed lr[kpg\ vajk bfdt _b[ ajk )fajamd ejam epag\]` lbjae a`_]pgb
a`od `a_]pg fapg[jb faib_ `a_]g\ v\e ajk )l_ge\t fa_e ajk )l_ge\t _[j ajk )lbfd\ e\bhab e_]nd
`a_]peb va[\]f [\] pa`d den\ ebff )fedn ejft a`od `a_]pg e[a\] eg[ \iag\ ejft )fedn v\e
e_rh ebff fb\i` ajojg a\ aebad )eppd\ ejft pbg\]d lbbpe\ esh lakje\ b_afj` fajb]p` ]ad\eb e\
_npe )fbf edt dn epbdw ef\ epbdw` ej`_] dn bgaa]\ esh `a_]\ de_[a\ lakje _afjeb a\i lbfd\
_p` fdg dtb fajamd ejam dt lakje _afjeb e[a\] egrbi esh egph fedn esh e`h de_[a bfaa`od
eht` la]a]i\ lao_\ b_npeb la_npg bfdt\ `o dn ueb laedn lao_\d laepp lao_\ b_npeb edme fada\ e\bha
d`e aj\npgb ep\bnhd a`_]pgb a_npg bfdt l_grg\ laedn lao_\ lbjaeb lbfd\ e\bha en_e\ lao_\ a`od
ej`_]` e\a ra[bed edb fejf vb[ ajfpgdb aepp ao_\d edb aedn ao_\d ed dtagd bfaajg \id b[_ pad
pbea e]\t dateb ajfpe \ib \i dt b[_ lbd `fa\ _p`d b[_ lbd `afab ajfpeb date fedn etdg\ \n
e\ esh pbea e]\t ajfpeb adte ag[` vn a_bg )laedn lao_\ lbjae lade ag[` vn a_bg apa_e `apt\ bjaafb
vn ajaa apap[ )pbea e]\t fdate e\ di_` `]na e\ a[`\ vn a_na apdte ) edeg[ et_a` ejaga enb_\
e[a\] etdg bf` ajfpe\ laedn laj`_] esh lao_\ bfdt ef ejaga et_a` edeg[ enb_\ e\ a`di
c\d b[_ `afa fedfdb letg epag\]` fedn etdg\ edtag etf \n )fada\ fejfb fada\ edtag e\b epag\]`
bp[ van_ bdte `apt\ ebf e\f dtagdb ajfped bfaajg lr[kpg\ lbjae dtdb eaah_bt` la]a]i\ laj]ba\
bfdtb bfaajg ar[kpg\ lbjae dt va\b\ b_t[b bp[ l_ge\ laj]ba\ n`_e lbjae lade van_ bdte )va\b\ b_t[b
fb\i` bfdt lagdnb lakje b_afjeb pbea e]\t lbjfpeb ar[kpgb adte
9EIL MG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
ej`_]\ e_phb em_ bfae e\ )lajfpgb la`_]pg lbfd\ e\bha` laepp lao_\ la`b laedn lao_\ la` \ib \i dtb
_hgpe ed edde e`e a`_ _ge )fag] birp[eb eaa_`i _e[b e`e a`_b _mnde a`_ bpe )ami e]\t
lg ]dphp \t abb )egdnd aa\ ada\ la_phb epaa_be aeiba _` ef fs`] _ge\ ede ajah\ e_br` epaa_be
.H

e_\ abfad ed eia[g etdg apaa\ \n ef\ egba ebffg q[ipa edt epaa_be\ lajawb` _afja leg )egdn
xfabo` a_e[ lbng[ a`_\ e\ e_\t
epbdw )epbdw bfae fgb fedn etdg dbtaa\ \n vbdt vbnrd [j _`d fad _ahe e\ em_ dn lbng[ a`_ _ge
dn lbfd\ laib_ ar[kpg\ laa_` lbjae dn eaah_bt` la]a]i\ laj]ba\d lajgmg epag\]` e\ ejbbot [j _`\
laa_` ef\ caa qa[ng b`_ fg bjaafb bfaajg egdn aef` e\bha lbfd\ eib_\ laa_` ej`_]d a_an`b akbn
vajkbefb l_ge]\ bjaafb lade laj`_] dn ljgmg laj]ba\ n`_e bfaadn r[kpg lbfda\ eib_ ej`_]d laamipe\
bjaaf e[a\] eg[ \iaag e]\ e`_ ejft _p`db bfaajg ar[kpg e]\ laj_ie ladaai lbjae dtb [\]f pbaib
a_npg e]\ aebad _p`db )\ie caa bjafde caa de_[a ng[ bjaaf \iaag e]\ e\bia )cbtb bjp`fe vdbn p`fe
esh e_ph e_phed lao` aebad\ ejboj e\ )cbob fpka lk vtd b_[gf cbob nbg[ ve fafb bjaaf ejbojd
esh ej`_] dn egaa]\ e`h de_[a lbtjb `awab pge e\ de_[a _p`db e\ ej`_b]` e\ e_rh e_nped
bfaajg \id b[_ pad d`e )e_bpk dn egaa] edt\ laegajk laedn lao_\ ca afae\ lao_\ ef fedn ej`_]
`afa date bfae\ lbat pbjb_ie cob pbjb[e_ co bjaafb date fedn etdg\ \n ej`_]d e\a ra[bedb dtagd
laj]ba\ _e[ dt dadt\ ej]ba\ bfae\ v\e la\t )dtagd bfaajg l[_kpg\ la_rh lbjae dtdb laj]ba\ c\d b[_
laj]ba\ dt dadt\ laj]ba\ lbjae dn egaa]\ edand\ v\e a`od faib_b fag_o _ahgb abkje dn dakjb qaeg
lbjae dtb laj_ie laj]ba\ pdp esh e_nped e[e a[kj caa qade bjaafb ami e]\t fadn fad e_nped
ami e]\t \ib \i dt laajfpeb ladte bfdtb )b_`\a )b_gea )bjj_a )bna`a bjaafb \b\d fdfp bfaajg ar[kpg
b]en f_w vba` caa qjna `apt\ ebf e\f fa`d\ esh fa` fada\ b]en [j _` egad fedfdb letg fad
xcbob bd ftt[ vnf a_[e `apt e\ dnb )[j _`\ fadn la_boajh lbfdt etkfped b]en` e`pa\ ep_`bnt
fs`] ]ahn e] aeg` lbng[ a`_ dse _g\ fadn egd[ dse bfade fa` nok ea_`rd dame fbf lbng[ a`_
ejan` e\i fdgb vd[ qd eg\]ed ejapeb pje fetm qg[g lap\i ladg _geb ]ahn pbj`_]` dse )ena]_`
ape` `apt efb fap[b fdate fa` pad ape\ egdn bdae[ epde[ ena]_\ ep`apg` )egthed qjg de[gd
a[`\ vn a_na apdte _ge bfae fap[b fdate fa` pad\ leg )cbob a[`\ vn a_na apdte cbob fdt apbie ajod
de[gd ejapeb egaa aeiba _` ef fs`] _ge dse lbd `ape e] aeg fs`]b lbng[ a`_e )a`di vn ajaa apap[
ebf\ fgg ab\`bn aj[ fd vai_\ bgai_\ beaohgb de_[a phjtd fs`] ``i b`a`i fgt lbng[ a`_e qjg
)fpbn_ \a`n f`od apeb daebf fp[b date epbgai_ lao` eaap[gb edtag` abi_be bed\ `o dn ue\ )\a`n
ebf e\f )atf \`ngd fai_e bed\ `o dn ue f\f` fjpi dbtaa\ la\ pad dtagd pn`b fkbid pdaan fdt
fkbid f\f` dnagdb f`od ejapeb daebf fdt apbie ajod ape` `apt\
9MIL EG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
\a`nb da`] fs`]b fs`]\ abi_e\ fgg ab\`bn aj[b fs`]d lagm\ \b\g ljakdab )cbob a[`\ vn a_na apdte
epajb_rgb etdg )qmbn lb_eb fpe qpibjgd caa fgb] `apt\ ebf e\i fa\f` epajb_rgb etdgd lagm fapbn_
qa\ahib ]\w b[`da qajft v[ `apt\ ebf e\f etdg\ la\`bn aj[b lajeg aj[ lbd e[_ked ed\ lao` e\it
qaabd bjj_a qa\ahib )bfae aebad\ e_rhg ]\w ef\ fad an`g qaabd ]\w b[`da qajft cbob \b\ _b`n` bjj_a
dse ejaga\ e_rhg lbjae\ qa\ahib qajft _geb aj[ bfaeb bfjaj aebad` f_gmb fj_ ef\ fad an`g bjj_a
fj[p ed pja]p eje\ ejb]p )qia[g ajk `[p de q\`n \b\ _b`n` \b\ _ge )atf ada\ i_be bed \b\ fs`]
lgmg\ leg\ egdn\ ei_be aefg ljakdab )apbn_ bedb qpbn_ \`ngd ad pae ad pjagmb daebf \b\ )dse )fad
cbob vb]gf aj`eg i]ab qt )qt` fai_be bed\ `o dn ue fapbn_ \`ngd fad pae fa`od ape\ ebff e_ied
laj`e fad f`fa afaeb pbphtb va_t` ede `t[gd fai_be bed\ `o dn ue fdt a`od lpi epeb daebf
bed\ `o dn ue laj`e lbjae dn ebff vb]g` `t[ab `apt\ ebf e\f )e`d\ epbn_` d`]a edt `t[gd
epa`` \stnb fdt\ bgai_ lao` qt` abi_e bed\ `o dn ue a[`\ vn a_na apdte etf agj ube )qt` fai_be
.4

)ajod ape` `apt\ ebf e\f ap[b date fda\ _pe` ap[ edb date ed fa_pe` )e_ie _pe` edb fdt\
e\ fdg qaai a`_ dse )bp[b bdte vf_`e lao` bfaa_pe` bp[ edb bdte ed vf_`ed fs`] _\[\ latedg
egdn` pje fetm qg_od fdg ]adh de_[a phjt ag] fag_od b`ar ]migd ed\ lao`b _gagd fs`] an`
xvafde pe_a d[bg ]a\w `apt qdnb edand q` i`p[g q_eg\
emob_\ a_eg lbjae l[n iiaj paeb ia_ paeb l[n pae ej`_]` _ge ae\ba a`_ )cbob a[ed agid aj`_] pe
a`_ _ge laibkp lb_]e\ lbjae ia_ bfae egrbi` emob_ l[nb l[ng lbjfpe lbjae caa ue l[na me at `apt\
xvaibkpt qake ia_b `apt\ ebf e\f vaibkpt e`e
_]` aef\ ldjg )_]`` vf_`e vt[ab `apt\ vf_`e\ _]` e\ _]`` aeg )_]`` f[np \ie [`tf pe
e_`\ feg\] _be e\b _be _]`f ede `apt ed _be _]` _be _]`f etfg _mnde a`_ _ge ebf vf_`e\
)e\ ej`_] `a_]pe vf_`e\ _]` d`]db en\bgp[e\ _]`` _]`` f[np e\ dnb pa[e_`\ e\`bn` fs`]
`_n pbjkd f\[` ib[d ]iwa ewab `apt\ ldjg `a_]pe ]iwa\ `_n d`]db ]iwa e\ )va`_nf la`\ l`_]
xejga]be efb ebf ]iwa\ `_nb
9MIL FG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
la_p la` e`faaped eta_rweb lao_\\ fe_a[n afae\ )ast d`]d fkaef pa_a[n ede aege fkaef pa_a[nb
f_bn[b fri afae\ lajag p[gi\ egfj dn \]kpe ed egfj afae\ lao`b egfj afaeb egfj pdh afaeb lanb_\
fad ]a_mb egfj` ddmg\ leg e\ lao`b ab\bid` fs`] ede bfaadn ejgg ab[ edb )egdn\ ejgg cbtb lbka[b
lg ]bka edb epbajn fad `fagd fa_p`e ua\_ bfaeb e\ dn \]kpe ejgg \ib fa_p`e ua\_ epbajn en_e`
vidd _ped _peg adob drdrg qfab ebf \\bj fae vidd ebf \\bj `apt fadnb laa_`d qa_rwa\ \n egdn
padb ebf fae
9EIL FG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
xcbtb dmdmg\ leg gs_ _ge xit[a ed\ lao` fadn vi_a\ leg )fae `apt\ ebf e\f fadn io[a\ leg
9MIL NG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
raad\ leg lbjae ladeb e_ie egdn` \ib egdn aef` la_p bfaag_od [a` lag_o\ lbjae pdp feg\] e_b`i`b
laj_ie lan`[b ejgg aef )[j _` ebff fag_o raad\ epn[`b [j _`\ fag] \]kpe ejgg \i ljajp\ fag_o
fad \a`n\ \n fa_p`e ua\_ bfaeb fd lajaa\b edand fd a]dhb lge a_geb fdg eaff ladrj fapbip ljgg\
`o dn ueb q_bwd _geb p`pt _[e q_khg ej ajig lae veb _ge\ f[gg `_ ld leg )fdg ebff fad vad[eb
aigpeb fbwp fpeb p[_k` _t\e ed\ _gpe efb e[jbng `amp[e ed e\ dt vn fapbn_ \a`n fs`]\
vbhig akd f_g[e ajb[d` ebrig at_\ f_g[e ap_ge _ge\ etdg \b\g `_ ld leg fbg]be efb )lgpg
)[j _`d fad e[e`ed fdg eaff darjb e\ dn \]kpe\ ejgge bff a\ojd n[_ \bn` aeg )a\ojd n[_ \bn`
\ib )egdn aef` a_p ajf _gpe\ fgt edbmdm fa` \a`n e]b en_e` egfj\ la_b_ak be egfj ]a_m\ leg \ib
ep`[ ddig e]\ lao` e_\h\ f[b\]d de_[a brg ed \n p`[ aewbg` eo_[ \a]be\ leg egdn ebff`
erg ed \n e_]bped vjfao\ e_bjd va_ob
9EIL NG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
ejgg \i fajgm erg ed \n eo_[ \a]be bfae\ lbat )ep`[ addig e]\ lbjaed vjfao` pae eptb\ \i )fajgm
anaahg vjfao\ la`aai dtb )eajdk\ eptb\ aef _geb eptb\ ebffd epag\]` \a]beb [sg` vjfao` pae
.K

a_ge vjfao\ la`aai )frn qrbnb _`o fdrdr qdrdrg caa fjf _geb a_e] ejgg ebff )eptb\ ebff e\]bed
ld ef )bfaajgm erg ed \n e\]bped lbd va_o bfae\ lao` )cbob pbgp fg[ va\a p`i_ y_e de _b\t v[
x_gpe\ fgt bfaag_od [a` ag_o\ epdp
x `sa lgah _khf ubh`[ gs_ qaa[ let
9MIL CG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
xlanb_\ la_p la` fijgd fedn etdg ag] pdh aefd fedned fijgd pdh
)p_ge pbea lbng[ a`_ _ge )edandg ]akjb \aoj\ lg[ ebff` lg[` )papt lg[` fdbd` feg\] e_b`i`b
e`]bj` e[g[d mag_ e]\ ebf mg_ ede papt aeg lg[ bfae\ lbat\ bfae fedn em_ ede )papt aeg d`e
f`od e_ojed mag_ e]\ ebff edn em_ ede esh papt ede abf ed fd pbea e]\t papt lg[ f`od e\ojed
ekaa[ dt` edandg b\aoj ebff et[gedb ekbo\ lakaa[ lbjae\ vapamg e]ked fd pbea e]\t papt lg[
[apt\ bfae ]a\wb papt ede abf ed ekaa[b
9EIL CG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
ed aeb fa`]bj a`od vad[ ep`beap` b`_ i[g la[a\] lapam lbjae\ laedn lakaa[ lbjae dtg ]akeb la[apt
e]\t abf edb e`]bj fajg ajfpe ed b\aoj ebffb lakaa[\ ep`beap ed` ede ei[g ebff ]bka ed [apt
x dsjt gs_ _ge fajg ejmpedb fejfped papt lg[` fdbd` e\ dnb lakaa[ dtg fajg fdbd` efp\ \n pbea
pad\ fedn ep`[ig \n egbab egba dt` fa`od \agp fdbn bfaeb fedn eaah_td fena`_ edo_ laff pana`_
x`df _bf_f dn eape e] fdbn \so`b ubh fd
dn p`[` )pa[e_`\ pa[ lagba lbjaeg vba dt` \agp fdbn e\ fedn eaah_td fena`_ do_ afae \agp pdbn
x_gpe efb pbea e]\t egad[b b_afj f` uhbpa\ lao` la_p \i
9MIL @G= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
)f`od e[a_ bfae\ e[g[ ede e_fahd e[a_ pad efb e_fahd lbjae la[e_ fgt atb )cbob vta[\i a[e_`b
aj` va_k )fd ep\id bn` e\ dnb )e_fah dn ap\ipg\ uhbab `]na lbjaeb ei_ab ei_a dt` la_p a[e_ ede
dae e\ \ie daeb )bfaapbip fg_o p_anmeb e\it f` lb[gp[a qaf\ e_fah f_ge\ lbjae ede vaj[ _]`
_an[ bfae legb )fad agia ed\ vf_`e [ajtpe b[n lgp _npe\ lao` ede )dame led vf_`e atb )]iwa\
]iwa )lgp itp[e edb vf_`e [ajtpe _an[ bfae\ b[n lgp e_nped lagm\ lao`b aihbj a_p )is_\
_b[ bfae\ uhba )abkje e_`pd lgp itp[e `]na )faa\_b\ dn e_git fa`od fada\ bgai_\ lgp itp[e
xdi_ a`od fada\ lr[ esh
_an[b )f_[ng \i vajb_[n edand\ ejbbot _[n \ib \i dt\ fda\ laeg\] lao_\ pdp vajb_[n f[d[b
caad `apt efb _mnde a`_ _ge ebf peri\ e_rhgb peri bfae\ lao` peri a_]e aege \ie peri
9EIL @G= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
dseghd e\i e]dbi a`fa ede e[\]gd `a_]pa edtb lakje e_`pd _ktd `apt\ ae\b `a_]pe caad ede
bo` ajfpe bfae fa` dtagd fagn e_ie upp[e ed\ fa\bid bfae e\b laj`_] _e[` \aie edb fad dateb
erbnag fbf\ bed aeb bfaadn eo_r]g edb de_[ag [_kpeb a\i e\ dnb e\ e]dbi` etdg\ ep\bnh
]ajab `a_]\ lao` ede \a`n e] aeg e_fah\ erbnag` atb vbdt etdg\ ep\bnh` fad a`fa bbf ed e_fah\
lao`b aef` ajfpeb edtg [_kpe e\ _an[`b fa` u]ppeb e_fah\ edeg[ _rh bog fagnd edai darjb
.R

ljajp e\ dnb )e[\]gd `a_]pa edb fjg [_kpa\ lao` _an[ aefd fad la`_]g e_fahd fd _anme fs`]\
xe\ lata_w lbpe ada\ p`h lao` fd p_anme\ ajao` adn f_kt adn bea`f
9MIL OG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
e_] aef )vafde qade ob_np a[kj lt vag a]ake dn ob_np daet ipk e`e a`_ )cbob lb[e_f [\i`b
edbt e`]bjb _t\ pae\ `o dn ueb )e`]bj paeb _t\ pae\ lao` pdae vpf `aptb )dae etf `apt )fbg]be
)\i edtb )ob_na `apt edb ob_np daet `apt\ ebf e\f )e`]bj a_]e bfaeb )_t\ a_]e bfae )dae aef )\i
lao` )fpbbt pajgi_ egdn\ lbai dt` pad\ )pajgi_ e\i fai afae e\ ede )_i[f pdae aeg ) _i[f pdae
peapeb )e]ai_ i_ed ]ai_gd pdme afae )lbai dtdb fd ejbmgd pta_rweb )epn[ fd p]ai\\ epn[`\
]dipb lbai _e[ f`od lb[jtpa\ lao` aege )ef_ped _\fppb apap\ \n dtagd pen` edb )ejbmg pda`beb
lgahb )\ib \i dtd podkb epanwge` egaa] eafb )lbai _e[ dt f`od la[jtpg ppe \tb )ejbmg ebffg lbd
apgae edtg edtag _apa fdte bdet )fn`[ afae lbd poadk\ fggb )cbob fpa`d u_r lppb fdad \bn` v]pb
v[ dn )_i[f pdae pea_]pe e\ lao`b )epbdo\ vad`i fd apaa )_i[ a_]e\ e_kw apaa \tb ) lbd poadk
_ge cbob fad`i` ]nmp daip p\dd `a_]p f_f bgt `apt\ ebf e\f f\dbat fd vad`i\ )e_kw\ epb_\]
p]adh epb_\]b eadad afae\ \bn` )apagd an` e_kw \t lbfd podk apgae msie qaa[ cbtb ejgm ebff` gs_
ejbmg` lan`[ bfdt )e_kw _afje\ lbat )cbob fpa`d u_r lppb fdad \bn` v]pb _ge pe\ fgt )e_fjed
\i dt b]bk la]ai_ )btaaptb\d bdbn la`a_] _geb dai` a_e] )na]_\ epanwge` _npe e\i ed] la\t )fda\
i_mp `apt\ ebf e\f )fa_ped [ajtpe \ib \i dt e[g[ _afje\ lbat )fad amipae\ fa_ped [jtad \ib
_p`d )_i[f pdae a_]e qt lao`b )e_kwt eodkb )eadad` eadopeb egga` pdme afaeb )cbob lbkhea [g[f
ebffg ah_k lap[ pdme )pdme _pe led )dae a_]eb pdmeb _`aot pk]ppe
9EIL OG= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
eabi fdo_d i_e etb[i\ e_br ebff bo` pdme ejbmg pi_e lgpgb etb[i\ e_br bod pdenb e]kj\ _pe
e_ie eabi fs`] fd lagm lgp prg\ lbat )e_bfj\ e_br a`od lgpg e]dh afaeb )fdo_d dameb ega]n e\i
ea_[ edad bodkgb eadad pbodk` f_ped p`pb ejbmg pdrj lgpgb p`amp[e afaeb e\` e\ eo_r]gb ]akjb
egdn\ epn[`b )_gpe\ fgt peamipe edb pdme egga _afje\ lbat e_kw\ epb_\] p]adh\ \n eodkd
eft_` la` ef[a_ pkrnpeb feg_ e_br [a_d p]adh eafb lbai _e[ dt f`od la[jtpg e_rgd qa_rwe
p_agrb prf_b e_br [a_g ppij eafb egdn dn hib lagi_ adgpeb fd] ng[ fs`]b fnbo _p` fnbo pnob
dn aeg vag a]ake dn ob_np daet `apt\ ebf e\f fd lait[g edb larf_ ef_p`e epbai _e[ dtb efg_o
lbat pgaphe p_`npe\ epn[` )ob_np la\t eaag dn aiw egdnb b[`ape\ bfjfg vag a]ake dn vag a]ake
afae\ f_w vba` caa qjna\ la`ap l`[bit lad] lan`[ \n ed] _p` ed] lad] peg_b peno \dagd ejgm erg\
la_br la` apeb qb[i a_br bog e`_`_ eabi \i ]ake la\t f`od lagmb fd ng[ fs`]b e\ ep_`bn\ ep_a[
afaeb eg\ ]akj feg\] ejgm )ajgm a_p _pe ebff` fd qa[jb apeb dae aef \n arg e_kn` etidg fagbk
ndhf pe qab qjgahb p\adbeb pipkpeb eaa_br` a\ l_an` lbjae dt bp[b eaag ]akj ejaajp ejgm )qaid
[ij\ ep_`bn e\`bn esh dn fdn hi fs`]\ ejgm ebff` )v_an`b f\nf p[pb `aptb )vagnk bfrg`
la_awb lad`i lbjae pbdae ddbia caa db] cbob pb_na ub[iab pbdae ddbia caa db] `apt fg e\ fai\ esh
fai eaff eaadopedb [ij ebff e_nped esj e_`ned pb_na ub[iab \ag lad] lan`[ lbjae e_nped
qb_` \b`t aeg \b`t la_geb laipk lahbdte lbjae dt fs`]\ bdtaf` bdtaf`b aeg bdtaf`b )qfagd bfaaja`
xbgb]gg caa \b`t
.N

egdnd e]kjb fa` pk]ppeb fa` eaadope fai aef\ [\i bfae e\ lb[e_f [\i leg lb[e_f [\i`b
aeg\] a_kh`b )egdn\ la_rh c\` _rh dtd ca ca lbjae\ epbbai _e[ lade _[n fn`_e` )vba _[n fn`_e`
_[n lbjae vn lj]ppgb le_`ipg n`_e lbjae\ lbat _[n n`_e lbjaeb la_rh n`_ed _rh dtd \ib ca bfae
_ge _mnde a`_ )efjb]p` e\ fai e_fah ej]ped esh e\ fai ej]pped fb\i` \sa l\at ejaga\ e_rh`\
_peg qa[g\ legt bt[g aeg feg\] e_b`i` bt[g cbob lew vtd bi]b bt[g `apt ami epb ebf atf ae\b
bsh[ lbjae laedn lagba )laepp lagba a`od laedn lagba bt[g e\ _ped e_ie
9MIL A= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
lagba lbjae abfgd b]adh epbgd[e` e_fah e_fjpe\ ejgm`b fsj[ lbjae\ lajgm laepp lagba)bt[g l`[bit
legb )e\i e_b`i` e\it bfdt abfgd laepp lagba a`od laedn lagba bt[g \i _hi bt[g l`[bit fsh[
dtd lbjae cr ede _b[n` aeg fad an`g f_[n` _b[n` _b[n` `apt\ ejaga _rhd\ _[n lbjae lbd qa[g
_btm _gpe\ fgt _b[n` e\ dnb _[nd pgad[e f\b]j eaffb e\ ejbbot epanwge` edme\ e\i f\b]jb _rh
pem e_`iped lao` ejaga _rhd\ lagba fmf [\id )f\b]j ebff` n[p lagba lbjae f_[n` e[bg[d _bg[b
eabib fai ebff p\adbe la\t )bfaa\f` l_`ipg la_rh c\d b_[]pe c\ lbjae\ ejgm`b )\i edt abfgd fm`
\n fbf ed\ fg e\nbg [\]pe la\tb )\b`t fd le_]b fai aefd edand la[\]g ejgm ebff`b fad dame
x let qaa[ 1lade ladg gs_ _ge )\b`t _gbe bdt bdtaf`b `apt\ ebf e\f \b`t fd le_] lntb ep[f
fad la[\]g qaf e[\]ped ami\ legd la[\]g lgp edt e[\]pg lgp\ fegajk fedn dtaf e\ bdtaf leg
den la\t vb_\ _rhd \i en_p ipkb la]pe egaph eipkg \ib lan_p bipkpe epag\]` edtaf ebff`
edangb e\keb ej[bi [a`db f[b\]\ e_rn` _rnpeb abjb]pb abjaagaf` m_\meb eipk ebff` e`_ ejft
r[]peb [\]f _mj yaw a_]pe\ faiwg dn e[\b]\ e_mj yawb lbg_b `fm lbgnk lbjae\ lajbg_b laom lan`[\
la_bfj` edtaf ebff dt _afjb fadn lwwjgb fa` lrfdg lbbpe `sg yaw ebff dnb l`d a\o` c\`b `fm a\o` c\`
abd den la\t lbkw _rh`\ e_ie e_rh ipkb eipkg ebff _iphe cbtb edtaf ebff _iphe gs_ )laedn
ebff` ipkb eipkg _iphe la\tb ab_rn` _rnpeb fagn lagaj _[n\ _bjtb fs`]d [a_ke\ `]na\ e_[ng
i_mg _rhd\ e\bgn epanwge` egaa]\ en_p ebff en_p \i edtaf
9EIL A= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
lagdn ude cnb lpeg\ lakbdo` _rnpeb _ha_p lbjae\ lbbpe n`_e` _rnpeb la_rn lan`[` _rnpeb den
eipkg ebff _iphe la[a\] la_rn fgt` _]a a[b`d fgt` egdn akaah \n egdn akaah\ la_rn` _rnpeb
let_` fgt` q_`pg )etdgt lgp egaa]b bf` [\]peb la_agr la[b\]\ lan_p dtb lamajo lan_p dt fad ipkb
fad _npe a]kj\ lbat )pbea e]\t bfaa_rn` l_rnpg e\i e_b`i` bfdt a]kj la\t la_rn fgt` _rnpg
p_nme ep_a[\ bgai_ bog cag_o p_nme qaf ep_a[\ bgai_ bog fg_o p_anmeb e_npe fai aefb abrb[]`
pa`g [ae qdab `apt la\t ep_a[` fg_o p_anme afae\ lbat )e\i f\b]j p\a`npe\ \n _anm _anm fg_o
aeb )b`a`i bog f[a_ pbip edeg[ ra[be fd \aie qeaf edeg[\ e_rhg ae\b abd p` )abd p` pe i]ab abd
e\ e_anm fdg ebf\ fg dt edan a`od ede e_anm f\b]j` e\ied data qae e\i f\b]j afae\ lbat egap
ed e`_`_ pbbfsbde\ fd ]a`ib fd \aieb fd _npe e`_ ejft \ag )fedn b`_` `_b eaabdn e\b epi`[bp
fd la]dh\ lbat edand fd la]dhb f` la\ie la\t e\i c\b]j afaeb fg_o p_anme\ lbat d`e ddt e\ied ladta
bgai_` la]a[j\ b`a`i` f\f` _`ipe epanwge` egaa]\ e\bgn ebff la\t lade la_rh la_p la` e`pab
laobjn\ e[kj er]j\ \n e\b_k ed` e\` e\ l]`\pg la]a[j\ bgai_` di_d `]na ][ab la\t e\i e_b`i\
bog fd laa_]b bfdt la[jtpg efdaid e\]kd ean`b pbea e]\t laobjn\ e[kj er]j\ epn[` )pbea e]\t
[\]pe ei_a la\t [\b]g [\b]g a_geb aipk egeb e`e e[a\] edtaf` \b`t \b`t \b`t e[a\] edtaf
.W

_`ipe\ fmf [\id _b[n` e\ dnb )cbob bt[g e\ dnb ae\b lb[e_ lb[e_f [\i`b `apt la\tb pbea e]\t
dtg eaadg cf p\a`npeb eaadgpeb _anm _anm r[kpe epij \t e\i f\b]j er]j pbf\ fgb e[g[` e_fah
xpbea e]\t e[\]pg la_rh
lbfd\ efdeb ae_wg\ edi\ ede aege eihk bfae\ e_gae cbob ihk [\id vba _[n fn`_e` ipk eaai a`_
va_wg p`nbp pe i`mj lf `apt ami ep )e_gaed laidk qt lao`b fdr dmgd laidk ae_wg\ lao` e_ge fbf
p`nbp a_]e lbfda\ efdeb ae_wg\ edi\ ede )va_wg p`nbp `apt fad laej[\ dn atb va_wg p`nbp aeg
f[gi i]d baie fw]gb `apt\ uhba\ epgti ami ep )lagn _e[\ edi\ vabof p`nbpt `apt\ fgt va_wg
e\t \a`n etdgd e`eb en_e dt dn rad[ fbf\ etdg atb )qa\`n baf fj]g a[je _gagd lbd uadbeb va[je
lbej[a\ abfed \a`nb
9MIL MA= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
dnb atf a_]e lbfda\ efdeb edi\ va_wg p`nbp ae\b ede lew anb_ lbfd \`ngd lbfd lb`[ia edb lbfd
b[a_ke en_e eaffb hhgn_ y_e eaf va_wg `rag dt uhba _ge )va_wg p`nbp pe i`mj lf `apt e\
\a`ne lbfadi\t lbfadi\d len_\ lbjaed b`a[i ae_wg dtb egdn\ laobjn dt` qfagdb ean_d lbfd\ edi\d
dt va_wg p`nbp at v[ `apt\ bjaafb pbea e]\t lbd lb`[iab ae_wg lbd lb\ohab en_e eaff lbp_a\ aied
n_kpe atf msnd aidk\ lbjaeg fs`] n_kpe\ fgt ljajp efb ahba a`_ _ge )lbfadi\t lbd la`[ig lew fnb_
lbfda\ msn dn ferd[d lbd \a`n ede msn abied uhba \a`n ed dse )msn abied \a`n uhba atb [gg msng
ae uhba _ge fm v\b][ u\ ubh` 1lbot gs_ _ge )d]g` lbd fe\_db bfaa\a pbip lbfda\ msn eaktedb
dt dn lbd rad[eb en_e `rag` lbd `apbe qt lao`b bfaag_o dn lbrd[a\ [st lbfda\ msn dn aie lbrd[a
_b[n`g fs`] _ge )e_gae fbf lbfda\ efdeb ae_wg\ edi\ ede aege ihk bfae\ e_ge e\ dnb en_e
c\ egba`b cob la_pb \i egba lbtda\ f[akp` [akpb _bhe efab fad b[kpb ae_wg\ lbfda\ edi\ b`ah [\id
edb de_[a\ f[akp` [akp\ lbfda\ edi\ d] lang[ bbf ae_wg\ epn[`b fadn b[jtpeb eja\d fad b]ake
[akp fafa fs`] _ge )edr]d b\a]npe bfaag_o bdaet bfaadn ea[] fbfb let` bbf fad e`m[d ladta
fad lbgiaab edr]d fad b]ake c\ egba`b [akp fapa lbgia\ lao` lagba fn`_e egba _p` egba btaapb[_`
)lbfadi\` lb\`na\ laja\ lbjae fs`] lbd \`n\ a[ptg dt lg bfd ea[] e\b eja\ fa` la\`n lbpe qaf ae_wg
fad lajaa\ _p`d
9EIL =A= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
ep`beap`b epbn_` lb_gaa ed\ ej bjgg bdtep de fs`] _ge [e` lbk_[p vfafde adahk `apt\ e_bj`
ejb]p ede fad lbgia edb _agr efa d[b`g bde\ d[b`g edb adw fad bja]pe ede atf fad ladte ejdi\\
fai\ lb_gaa ed\ abdbh_] dn ubkt fadn fa[a_ bpb )u\bj faia_\ lao` e_bj` e\]bg atf fad lbgia\ fada\
en`[ dn ede ep`beap` fad lbdtaa ed\ bpb lbfd\ edi\ bfae\ fad lbn\bgp[a\ ede ebf e_ie fdg be
e\ dnb fad e`m[d lbdtaa edb e]b[` leg\ abg_o lbgia\ ede b` b_`[p ed vwn bpb )lbam`b ejd] i_e
_ge e`_] ajeg _e[b eigb_b e`_i edb vt\a` vtd]gb bp )laeaoh laja\ )vark[ cf f[n vfafde`b `apt
lbidka fdr atf ae ahba a`_ _ge e_gaed laidk qt lao`b fdr dmgd aidk ae_wg\ fbg]be ef f\bfa a`_
ejng[ atf dse )edtd laidk qt lao`b e_gaeb fdr` ]adhb paij fdr dmg ede laidk edt dse )e_gae edb
lbjae lade\ _gpe efb )fgf` _bt` dt fs`] dar] e\ dnb fbf lbfd\ edi\ lew\ esh e`_ e_an` dt\
_t\ e\ ede ygi dtea ed `aptb bdtep ed pwgig dt `apt _mnde a`_ _ge )atf lb_]e\ edand\ lao_\
dtea ed `apt e\`b bdtep ed `apt fj`_] _ie gs_` qaa[ fm e\` a_` _mnde lbng[ a`_e )e`]bj e\b
bat\\ erbi` \aie bfae\ \t\ ae\b f_fme` efi_e fearhe afae\ e`]bj ede bdtep ed `apt ed aege
H/

la`p aohe dse )ygi badn dtep ed `apt efb e`e dse )bdtep ed dtea ed `apt e\ dnb f[]`` _apa
ea[] ebf\ bdtep ed f_fme` _p`d d`e )dtea ed f[]`` epag\]` d`e ej`_]d e_]ad la_apa
pbg pb\_ba fado_ e`]bj pwgig )_t\ ygi )lgp pae epbg\ eia_\ lao` egnr aeg pwgig )bfaabb_pg
ebf pag\ n\jadb epbg fad pga\]e bfae ihk` ygi dtae\ leg e\ lao`b fd it[p f`ap\ ekahb e[a_`
atf ede fwg pea_]pe esh aege fwg )eaff [kjf fp_tjb `a pbg[ `apt\ ape\ egdn`b la\ egdn`
la_rh dtd pi_`g\ \\[g e]\ lao` fwg atf ube )a\ bjapb_wd _gea\ a\ bgdbnd _ge\ lao` a\[ )ljajp
dtg lbd pi_`g afae atf ube en_p\ va]amgb va\[d ia_`g\ fmbmg\ a\[\ ejbbot bf` frr] \a`nb la[a`
bfae qgh` fhg efb )fwg `apt e\ dn f`a_gb fhg _ge pe\ fgt bf` frr]b f`a_g \a`nb f[b\] ajt[g
xepbwg bfae fhg\ bgbo_p ede
ljajp fj] )b[n f` \iepe\ fai e\ pai _no vagn adon` va_a`e p\n fj] pai _no _geb ipk lbng[ a`_
e\ fj] aeg agb_\ ep_] aj`pe cadnb e`_ ega` fj] ynj cea_`o e` fn_k p` etdg fgd[ `hj\ egba`\
fai aef\ e_bt\
9MIL EA= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
dn erd[ afae qt lao`b e`_ ega` yanj\ fj] bfae ae\b f[b\]\ epb\ie` e_anm e_rh fad pae\ e[a`
e_`pd fs`] lagm\ fj] bp )lbbtdg dtd [e_b epbjrdb[ fj] )bdg] ubhb fj] `apt e\ bjrdb[ dnb egdn
fd _`p\ lbat ygi\ em_` edtb bfaajmd lajrd[ fgt b]kj fjgb erd[ afae va_wg` ami ep )e\ fj]t fad
ci _`p\ ede lbbpe lbjae fwg \a`npeb ygi ci _`p edtg e_anm erbi` fg` )fwg daneb ygi ]ake fs`]
ci _`p egajt e_anm erbi` _`pe fg` e\ fj]t e_`ped ibj\ fj] pai a_]e e\ dnb ygi a_]e\ fai aef\
esh cf \a`npeb ygi ci _`peb fs`] f` _no fj] pai _no `apt e\ dnb )fwg fbfb fjpaeg _`npeb
_ep[ab fj]g c]\ fado_ _`pa e\ ejbbot fj] ebffd fad e_`pd fs`] lagmb \a`epeb ygi ci _`npeb
eaff\ dnk e\ bpdbnkb aeg )bajkd bpdbnkb bpe b_t[ fjf bd fd[bg bnb_mb e`a ]mi` vafde caa fjf )fjf
vjf fjf lbawd lb[e_ fjf efab fado_ _`na bfae bajkd fdbnk afaeb fd _`pa\ ygi ebff\ fdbnk esh c]
xcbob
9EIL HA= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
vta[e_ va_n[ be[ d`e _gpeb fbg]be e_] aef )cbob vta[e_ va_n[ be[ _geb e_] ipk lbng[ a`_
dt ede lbjae leg va[e_ lbjae vta[e_ )lan_p la[gi lbjaeb )fedn bjpdth\ lan_p laedn lan_p lbjae lade
va_n[ be[ )qbji\ e_kh` ejit[e )e\` e\ edtedb e\` e\ dnagdb er[kped e[a_ fad pae \ib \i
lf`e lbjaeb de_[a akde a[e_ lbjae lade vta[e_ lae_p` epdp lbjaeb lf`eg eppd\ lan_p lbjae lade
va_n[ be[ a_ge bfaakpt dn lbd ladrjb l_ih\ vajkbe lbjae lade lao`b )lan_p lbjae\ la[e_ lbjaeb aedn
n`_eb lfge lade )vdbn aipk be[jfb )btaadn lajrd[b btaadn la[e_ lbjae\ vta[e_d legd be[ vta[e_
caa bfae legb e_fahd _afj\ \b`t ebffg qdg bfae\ edt\ fedn etdg e\ \b`tf qdg e`ab )eppd\ lbjae
la\t fa_ped den aef\ lbatb )pbea e]\t e\i e\b`i` ejb_e` epaa_be dnagd _pe led e`ab )pbe`w
epaa_be` fedn epaa_be e\i e_b`i _`ipeb ejb_e` den epaa_be
9MIL FA= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
la\`n de_[a\ epn[ dt`\ lajbg lbpe\ ejaajgd vtapbnb`[` apgae lagaph ladag e[_kd b_`ipg fk dn`\
ejgm b[\] ei_a b[\] eppd aj` ef emb_t _`neb lana]_ lbjae bo f`ap la]pe fs`] lajgmb lai_ad laj`[bi
H3

e\i e_arj e\it a_rj bfdtb e[a\] egn` e\it la[\]pg\ eag[`\ adai dtd \a`nb edand btdt b[\]pe
eppd lao_\ n`[\ bta[g fs`] qa[g la\tb pbp`[ n`[ lbjae lajbg lbpe\ ejaajgd vtapbnb`[` e\ dnb
n`[\ bta[g fs`] qa[g la\tb pbp`[ n`[ lbjae` esh )pbp`[ n`[ lbjae` bf` \iepe\ eo_\ ebff`
ede _apa edb lbjae epa[ efb egap aeb pbp`[ n`[ lbjae` \iepe\ eppd eo_\ ebff` edand\ lao_\
eo_\ aef` laj` pa[ lbjae ladrjb fd lai_kg ljeb bfaadn ena`_ pitp[eb laib_ke dn e`pa egae la\t
ladrj ed egba aef` _ge e`h ejbjgf `_ )cbob vaj`f peb vef pe id[p id[ `apt\ egaa]d eppd\
pitp[e\ e_kw \i` lbjae n`[ ede lbjae pa[ egap aeb )f_bp a[gbi f[gi lbjaeb laj` [gi ede de_[a
ebff efge\ efk\o pbipg a]kg a\`n fg e_a]ab e`_ e`r e\aw \wagd an\a de_[ab )egae\ efk\o la`
la[aid lbjaed vai_\ esh [aai\ e_bkw ebffb b[aid _p` b[aid f`od b[idg egbk\ b[aid` e_bkw
b[aid ebff a`od pdtpheb e[a_ ua]m efge ak\o pbip bfae\ `o dn ueb )f`od a[idg e]\ lad] lbjaedb
fd la_[]b fd la[idb f` bka]pe fd adrj de_[a\ lbat egae\ efk\o pbipg p]kjb bfaa`od pi_kb )ed]\
dmagd pdata edb dmagdb i_kgd pen` afaeb e_b[] ebff` de_[a fd adrj \ag )dampb i_kp ed\ e_b[]`
bfaa\f` ekwkwg afaeb lbfad]` a[idg lbjae bfaa\a` e_a[] eaf\ \bn`b fd
9EIL FA= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
ebff\ b[aidb lbfpie\ ekwkw ebff ang[\ lbat lbfge ak\o pbip\ laj` lbjae dtb )ppijb edand pi_kb
ebff edgdeb bf` a\ieb lbd adrj de_[ab e_bkw ebff a`od ai_kb lbfge\ efk\o pbipg a]kj \ag ed]
aef\ f\aw la\w qaf )bf` e\ied ed ladta edb lagdnd bfaa`od ai_k ed lbjae epag\]` a\ie e]\ e_bkw
f`od lkwkwgb e[_\g a`db ep[ajt a`d ladenb laobjn dtb fbb\i` e_a]a edtag eg]d laj]pg e[a\] e_kw
f`od lakbwkwb lj]pg la_bpk pegib e[a_ pk]m egae\ efk\o pbip e_grg\ afaeb pbea e]\t b[aid d]`
pdmeb bfaadn ena`_\ ebffd laid[gb laj` lbjae dt la\ie f`b _gpe\ fgt bfaa`od pi_kb p]kj pbea e]\t
`apt e\ dnb f]`\ed dbtap ed\ fad id[ [b_\p de qgg fhbtg` edand fena`[ ena]_ lg ef\ lao`
f` la\ie\ lbatb epag\]` e[a\] e_kw ebffd la\`n\ ekbwkwb fea_] e\ [\] e_]g )cbob id[p id[
fe_] afae [\] afae\ lao`b vtd eaf [\] at `apt\ [\] a_]e e_kw aef [\] ae_]g lb_]e lagba _e[
e\ dnb atf ube le_]b f\f` lkwkwg de_[ab fe_] afae )[\] ae_]g lb_]e qt lao`b )f`od laapeb bfdbtd
ekbwkw` [\] ae_]g vpbe be_]p _[e [\] ae_]g caa a\nbg fde qt lao` bf` a\ieb bfaa`od laape lbjae
x cbtb _ge ` oj_ gs_ lbd e_]\ [\] e[a\] e_kw ebff`b lbfd\
9EIL @A= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
ef\ f[e `apt ed etfb caad fdbn f[e vp`_]fb `apt ihk` ami ep caad iiaj ia_d fdbn vp`_]fb
bfae fkbid fdt pdaan\ egba e\ egba egnr aeg )fdbn vp`_]fb ede fa` `apt ed f[e e\ egba`
agba p_rjb e[a` e_rh dtg p]kj eafb bat\\ lagba` bdenb bdadtpeb lanb`[b lagba bat\\ lagba bjg de_[ab
ejt[gd `a_] ed e_ie ef\ f[e fa` `apt ed qt lao` vanr fdbp` vnr etdg e\ em_b )ami e]\t bat\
bjgb e[a` e_rh lg lbjae l]i_g de_[ab etfd bta_rwe bedb etf bed va[e e\ dnb )lgpg ]i_pe efb
ipkgd e\ eipkd lje lata_w laa\n e`e a`_ _ge bat\\ lagba` bdenb bdadtpeb lanb`[b lagba bat\\ lagba
epanwge` lbjae va[e )aeg\] a_kh` lit[e e\ em_b egdn e_`\ legd bdw` a\a paga_e lbng[ a`_e
lagba _e[` qt lao`b `br` l]`\eb n_` l]`\e n_b `br pn\\ ejdae` b]`\e e\ e_rh`b e\ e_rh` laapeb
qa_rwe edb f[ed lata_w lje pad e_ie edb egaa] aai\ ejdae\ egba ajf` d`e )fdbn f[e bf` `apt
edb caad iiaj ia_d fdbn vp`_]fb e\ lao`b n_b `br pn\\ edb bfae aai\ ejdae\ egba e\ egbab lgp abfgd
xl`_] ebff dtb _]` aj` va_k\ adg ej_npe efb _gpe\ fgt fdbn v[d esj lb[d fdbnb fdbn caad f[e
H

vp`_]fb fdbn vpa[nb )eak_ eja\b eka]p eja\ egdn dt\ eja\ fs_\ egba _gpe\ fgt ana`[f [\i`b
vada[`pb vagnrg fgt `apt `apt vagnrg ad f[nb e\ egba` ede vpa[nb aeg lagba dt _e[t fad an`g
ede vp`_]fb `apt ed e\ dnb egdn\ la`bi` e[k[kd dame eo_r]g\ \bn` agba ajf` de_[a b\`n
ajf dt` e]dbi lbd pad\ f[e `apt ed laj`_]` esh lagba _e[ dt` ltb fdbn f[e edb fdbn vpa[nb
\bwd fad _\[g ]iwa ef\ e_ie e_rh\ epn\ ed` vada[`pb vagnrg la\`n lje\ egba aef` [st agba
lbjae dt la\`nb f]`_` eran adrj de_[a dame bfae\ \bn`b fa`od fepaaedb egdn aj`\ la`bi\ f\aw
p[ab laa bd e`ab v[ ejga]be efb agi_ e_nped lao` fad lan]pb _kb[ ajgmg lapbdw lbjae dt lajidbk
let_` fgt` fad q_`g qt _ieb a\ib fad vanreb ap[b e]apn e_gi\ _pe bog ]bi_g dte\ esh ape\
_gpe\ fgt ajnbr fgtg lanr b\wg e` baie b[nb `]na ewa ebwa qe afab v[ `apt fg ab`bi dn \`neb
)]iwa\ bdae lao` _gpe\ fgt \ie dae )fdbn bfae ej`_]b e``a\ egba bfae qt lao`b )fdg ejga]be efb
lbat egba aef` at` bfae\ fat` ebff` abkje e_`pd esj f_ktd dseghd \ib[ perid \ie vamn _an[b
x_bge ck` `apt efb a_bkt\ egba e\ ejbbot _gpe\ fgt f\aw \w ejogd efb fapbn_ \a`npe ed\ agi\
dn egae pdme lagba ajf dt ami ep )cbob ana`[f [\i` f`apf ijpb ipk e`e a`_ )cbob vba _[n f[gi`b
la_rjpg pbth` la`pa efb efj` b`amp[e\ lbat lbd e`m[d lao`b bfaadn e_ie e_rh rbd[a ed\ lao` eaaj`
ea_[ ed afaeb lagn _e[\ ljggd ep\bnh \`ngd de_[ad lbd p\]k ejajp egbab )feg\] egba e_brj`
ana`[f [\i` f`apf ijpb `apt\ ebf e\f bfaadn a_[gd pea_[ [\id msa bfae\ fepadp egba` )lgp
feg\] egba _mnde a`_ _ge bfaabbo` le_[ la\_gb larbbd dt\ la_br r__e a_f dn [\id vba _[n fn`[`
n_ob lbbpe uahbe bfaadn ea_[ n_ob uahbe\ fepadp egba ede ejaajp egba edb bfaadn ea_[ ed oi\
lbjaeb efj`\ fb\i ejaajp egbab feg\] egba\ lao` lan n_d amipe atfb )cbob _[n ap[n `apt\ laj`_]
\n _bhib qbdf baf vagfb v[ `apt fg bfaadn ea_[ afae\ fedfdb fepadp egbag )lbd le\n aodkg
va_ff a[e_ be_j [\id \ie` a_a[n` a_a[nf [\if
9MIL OA= JF HI@: =EFGE =>?D =BCB
)lbfd\ e`br rngpe agj atf larngpg lbjae\ fgtb larngpgb ladme\ laj`_] lade _bhib qbdf baf vagfb
p_[ afae fepadp egbag vag bea_[\ lbat femiped eaag bea_[ ejaajp egbag ami ep _mnde lbng[ a`_e
_pe` abf ed de_[a\ e`br ef\ etf laga[_ aege ) edt` esh aed`` an\a bbf ed vag lbjaeb bfaadn
lbjae vagfb `apt\ ljang[ed e_]ape lrngpe etf laga[_\ laag lade\ lao`b eaab`_\ _pe` ede erbng\
\aoje\ b\aojb lbfd\ e`br _bhib qbdf baf larbbd a_br lbjae\ laj`_] bo laga[_\ lbjae oi\ agba` lna\a\
_anm ede lbfd\ e`br _`ipa ed\ lbbpe l_`ipe ed ebf lbfd\ vag lbjae\ lao`b _bhib qbdf baf bfaadn
b`n_b b[_ va_akt e_]\ fa[a_ )`br dt b_hia ed caa a[_b\b `apt fg fs`]g lbjae\ de_[ad d`e )_anm
qt lao`b edand edand b]dpheb ladme lade `brdt b_hia ed de_[a lade caa a[_b\b lagn _e[\ ljgg lade
eaff p_npeb bbf fn_f aga la\t ef\ p`r e\ )a_a[nf [\if \n )_bhib qbdf baf vag lbjae\ lbfd\ e`br
la_br etb[i a_f lbjae lade va_ff a[e_ be_j la\t e[g[ bog p_afje ed e[a\] fdtb pk]ppeb fn_
adte va[e ajf la\t ef\ fdbn aef` f[e )lade lagba` egdn` la[a` la\`nb bk]ppeb lbmipe larbbd\
dt` apijb feg\] egba` la]dhb lagn lan`[ dn brd[\ ljgg van`[ d`]d lbjae lade va_k van`[ )lbf]dbi
e\a )\sb\a \sa lbjae egba dt` la_p _ha`_e _hi vdae )lbfd\ lagba` vaiojg va_k lb_]eb egbab egba
ljabf lan n_ atf ae egap aeb )ysi lbfd\ ejaajg fj[ aj` la_ge egbab egba dt` _a\p bfaadn erad[\
ep[ agba` pad\ epbb\i` ede lja`fa ed lje d`e )b[e_ dn fpbi fpe vadio at `apt ef\ lae )bfaa`od
la_gbo lbfa[a_ dn vadio bfaadn qkfpe epbn_\ epbb\i`b e`d `br` la`fa lje\ lao`b )lagba ladet epbb\i
leg egapae e\ dtb )lbfda\ ej`[bi` la]dh qt yib cn cf esh \sa [a` lbd a\`n lda\ epbb\i\ lrfdg
H.

vadae va_bp lbjae dt` ljgg lbjae dtd fbb\i pad ede e\ dt len` ed lbjae egd\ bfaadn e`_]ed qd `afa
lbjaeb ab\bid` fs`]d ede edt b`_]pg ed e\ dt vnb lade lap\bnh lbd a`fa de_[a\ epn[` ajft la_geb
veb )oi\ laj`_] lbjae lade vid bfdatef qejb[ `n_ ve v[ `apt e\ dnb lbd oadk bfaeb lgp a`_]pg
msb` lgahb fena`[b fepap[ egba`b ejaajp egba`b oi\ agba` etf laga[_\ vag lade vag bf][f egw
fs`]\ bgai_`b fb\i` de_[a athjg a\ vag lbjae lade f`fef pe pb`td bdtba ed va`_ vag )bd bmb`a
a_[]pgb a]`\ bfdt\ eat\ ejbgh_ke\ a_fj lbjae lade fbkr[a ed pb_fjb )lb[[` vag vp`e[b `apt\
e]dbi fad abfgd de_[a\ f`fe` dsegh e\ bmb`a mb` f`fe` bpa` lbf dt pe [ae lpa ve e\ bgai_`
ejgah bmb`a mb` f`fe` bpa` lbf dt pe [ae lpa ve `apt\ ep[_k` etf laga[_\ vag lbjae` bfaa\f`
lbfd\ vag )lagdnd fj]p fad pad\ _`[j [_i l`od b`a[ipe bfdt ef\ ae\b bd bmb`a msb` vag lbjae\
lbng[ a`_i a[ad[ ana`_ a[agi la]a_rbj lgahb cf c\ co lbjae\ lagba _e[ b_ep[e msb` lagba` boadkpe
y][ edb fm` ed at vpf `apt bd bmb`a mb` egap aeb )lagdnd edb l\f` ejb]p lbd padb fg\ef a[_i pe
ddt egb[_ ed` vph _[n f[gi ede \ie a_]e edb lb[e_ a_]e ed ede fad \a`n aeg feg\] egba pbjn
edb lb[e_ va[_ ed qt lao`b aj[` `br pad\ lao` amipe atfb )abf aj[ vbag laag\ bga[_\ epb_a[ d`e
fgt lbng[ a`_i lagba` b_ep[eb msb`` vag bodkpeb aj[ vba` lagba\ bga[_ a_[b vph` abfb ddt \ie
an\a\ de_[a\ lbf]dbi fetm )pbea e]\t edtb _gpe\
9EIL OA= JF HI@: QK=EFN =EFGE =>?D =BCB
vba` aef dt _p`d `apt fg ladenb lade lakad] la_`pg eibg bod denagd lao`b emboe\ eibg bod fedned
bbf\ va`_]n fgtb bdr] va[ij fgtb lamamo fgt b_`pb lakad] ajf dt b_`p\ _p`d vtd fafp p_wn ajag[f
f`od bden la\t _bih _bih la_b[ ek]g e[a\] ep_]b e`b[a\ _pe bit[e\ \n etb[i\ a_br lbjae` lbd
vtd fafp f`od edt [jtpg\ _pe b[ajt p_wn bfae e\b fdg ejga]be efb f` a\igdb lgp eiaaj \`ngd
x`d a_[a dt bjaj_fb va]a\w bdaob caa` big[ `apt e\ dnb btaa\f` bfaeb lbta_eg` lbpe a\igd e_ied edb
x `sn a u\ pa[e_` pg\]f` hk\j vaajnf vn \hi b[n ed[ \n )cbtb a\i\ leg dt lbng[ a`_ _ge

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