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n
=0.14m
2
/V- sec.
p
=0.048 m
2
/V-sec, and n
i
=1.4x10
16
/m
3
.
(Electronic charge e =1.6x10
19
C; Boltzmanns constant K =1.38x10
23
J K
1
)
(c) Using NAND gates, implement the equation:
K =(AB +CD)(F+G)
(d) A 100 kW, 250 V shunt generator has a field circuit resistance, including a rheostat of 60O
and a total armature circuit resistance of 0.065O. Calculate (i) field circuit current, (ii) full-
load line current flowing to the load, (iii) armature circuit current and (iv) full-load generated
voltage that is required to deliver rated voltage to the load, Ignore armature reaction.
6. (a) A transistor is connected in common-emitter (CE) configuration in which collector supply is
8 V and voltage drop across resistance R
0
(=800O) connected in the collector circuit is 0.5V.
If =0.96, determine (i) collector-emitter voltage and (ii) base-current.
(b) A transistor in common-emitter configuration employs a 4 kO load and V
cc
=13 V. Estimate
the maximum peak to peak value of the input signal for linear operation if | =100. Given:
V
knee
=1V and a change of 1 V in V
BE
causes a change of 5 mA in collector current.
(c) In a CE transistor amplifier, when the signal changes by 0.02 V. the base current changes by
10 A and collector current changes by 1 mA. If the collector resistance RC =5kO and load
resistor R
L
=10O, find
(i) current gain (ii) input impedance, (iii) ac. load resistance, (iv) voltage gain and (v) power
gain.
7. (a) The primary of a transformer consists of 1000 turns of wire and produces a maximum flux of
0.03 Wb alternating at 50Hz in the iron core. The secondary winding has 40 turns. Calculate
the r.p.m. values of primary and secondary e.m.fs on the assumption that the flux change us
sinusoidal.
(b) A d.c. series motor supplied from 230 V source draws an armature current of 16 A and drives
a load at 1600 r.p.m. The resistance of armature and field is 1O. The torque required to drive
the load varies as N
1.8
, where N is the speed. What should be applied voltage to the motor if
the speed is to be raised to 1750 r.p.m.? Assume that the field is unsaturated.
(c) Calculate the suitable auto-transformation ratio for starling a 3-phase induction motor with
line current not exceeding three times the full-load current. The short-circuit current with
rated applied voltage is 5 times the full-load current and full-load slip is 5%. Find also the
starting torque in terms of the full-load torque, when the auto-transformer is employed.
8. (a) Find the percentage voltage drop for a transformer with a percentage resistance of 2% and a
percentage reactance of 4%, of rating 550 kVA, when it is delivering 450 kVa and 0.6 p.f.
lagging.
(b) A 3300 V, 24 pole, 50 Hz 3-phase star-connected induction motor has a slip-ring rotor
resistance of 0.016O and stand-still reactance of 0.265O per phase. Calculate (i) speed at
maximum torque and (ii) ratio of full-load torque to maximum torque if fill-load torque is
obtained at 247 r.p.m.
(c) A 3-phase synchronous motor, when working on constant volt-age mains at constant load,
takes a current which varies with the excitation. Explain this result. How is the power factor
affected?
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I I I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum marks: 300
Candidates should attempt FIVE questions only selecting at last TWO questions including the
compulsory question from each of Section A and B or Section A and C. The Number of marks carried
by each question is indicated at the end of the question.
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
1. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case:
(20x3=60)
(a) In order to increase the margin of stability for type-2 or higher order system, phase lag
compensation is desirable. (b) For a second order system and a tolerance band of 2% the
setting time is given by 3/ where is the damping factor. (c) A semiconverter system
provides better performance to d.c. series motors as compared to the full converter system.
(d) An invertor in the rotor circuit of a wound-rotor induction motor can serve as a means of a
speed control.
2. (a) Explain what you mean by relative stability of a closed-loop system and how it is assessed.
(15)
(b) A turntable with a moment of inertia of 10kg rn1 is used with a proportional error controller
in a unity negative feedback system. The controller develops a torque of 60 Nm per radian of
misalignment. The viscous friction is such that the damping factor is 0.3.
(i) Draw a signal flow graph of the system and determine u
0
(s)/u
1
(s) and u
e
(s)/u(s) Where
u
1
(s), uo(s) and u
e
(s) are the Laplace transforms of input, output and error signals.
(ii) Determine the steady state tracking error for a constant velocity input of 0.03 rad/sec.
(25)
(c) The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by
( )( )
( )
1 0.1 1 0.05
K
G s
s s s
=
+ +
(i) Determine the value of K so that the gain margin of the system is 20 dB. (ii)
Determine the value of K so that the phase margin of the system is 60
0
.
(20)
3. (a) What are generalised error coefficients? Discuss their advantages. Explain various classical
error constants and discuss their disadvantages.
Determine the position, velocity and acceleration error coefficients for a feedback control
system with unity feedback, and the following open-loop transfer function.
( )
( )( )
( )
2 2
1 2 1 4
2 10
K s s
G s
s s s
+ +
=
+ +
C C. .S S. .E E. .- -( (m ma ai in ns s) )- -1 19 99 92 2
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(30)
(b) Discuss the disadvantages of harmonics and suggest methods for reducing a.c. harmonics in a
converter circuit.
(20)
(c) Explain the working of time delay circuit which may be used to apply power to an industrial
load at a predetermined time after the initiating singal.
(10)
4. (a) Describe with a neat diagram a step up chopper and discuss its merits and demerits.
(15)
(b) Describe with a neat diagram a static version of the WordLonard system of speed control of a
d.c. drive.
(20)
(c) A single phase full converter is used to control the speed of a 220 volt, 1500 r.p.m. separately
excited d.c. motor. The armature resistance is 0.3 ohm and the rated armature current is 20 A.
The a.c. supply voltage is 250 volt. The motor voltage constant is K
a
| = 0.03 volt/
rafdian/min. For a firng angle =30 and rated motor current, determine (i) the speed of the
motor and (ii) motor torque, assuming continuous and ripple free armature current. Derive
any formula used.
(25)
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N B B
5. Comment with justification on the correctness of any three of the following statements, restricting
your answer to within 200 words for each:
(20x3=60)
(a) With V/f speed control of 3-phase induction motor the maximum torque and slip at which
maximum torque occurs, respectively, increases and decreased with increase in frequency.
(b) The higher the SCR of a machine, the heavier is the rotor of the machine.
(c) For economic operation, the generator with highest positive incremental transmission loss
will operate at the lowest positive incremental cost of production.
(d) For an existing transmission line the string efficiency is 70%. Now if d.c. voltage is supplied
for the same setup, the string efficiency will be 90%,
6. (a) Explain the principle of operation and applications of an induction generator.
(10)
(b) Describe with neat sketches the construction and principle of operation of a fast breeder
reactor.
(15)
(c) A 3-phase 50 Hz induction motor has equivalent stator and rotor resistance of 0.05 ohm each
and reactances of 0.3 ohm each. The motor is to be operated at one half of its rated frequency.
Determine (i) the maximum torque at the reduced value of supply as the a fraction of its
normal value (ii) the starting torque at the reduced value of supply as a fraction of its normal
value.
(20)
(d) A synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus and draws 1.0 p.u. current at 0.9 p.f.
leading. Its synchronous reactance is 1.0 p.u. and resistance is negligible. Determine E, Q, o
and P. If with the same excitation the loading on the motor is increased by 10%, determine
the new values of E,Q,I, o, P and cos |.
(15)
7. (a) Explain with the help of Flowchart the procedure for solution of Coordination Equations.
(10)
(b) Explain with neat diagrams the process of current chopping in circuit breakers and suggest a
suitable method to minimise its effect on power systems.
(10)
(c) Explain the carrier system of protection in power systems. With a block diagram and neat
sketches discuss how the phase comparison scheme can be used for protecting a feeder fed
from (i) one end and (ii) both the ends.
(d) Differentiate between a current transformer and a power transform. Discuss various errors
associated with a current transformer and the methods to minimise these errors.
(15)
8. (a) Explain clearly Pinch effect and Skin effect. Compare the performance of Ajax Wyatt and
coreless induction furnaces. State the applications of the two types of furnaces.
(15)
(b) What is regenserative braking? Explain the operation of (i) d.c. shunt motor (ii) d.c. series
motor and (iii) induction motor when subjected to regenerative braking.
(15)
(c) A motor works on 2 mm load cycle constituted as follows: (i) 0 to 15 sec-load rising from 0
to 1050kW; (ii) 15 to 85 sec-constant load of 600 kW; (iii) 85 to 95 sec-regenerative braking
with power returned falling uniformly from 200 to 0 kW; (iv) 95 to 20 sec-motor is at rest.
Determine the continuous rating of the motor, assuming the rating to depend upon (1) r.m.s.
value of loading and (2) average value of loading.
(20)
(d) The tractive effort exerted by a locomotive while hauling a train on level track at 50 kmph is
35000 newtons. If the locomotive has to haul the same train on a gradient and the tractive
effort required is 55000 newtons, determine the power required by the locomotive when the
motors used art (i) d.c. series motors (ii) induction motors.
(10)
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N C C
Question No.9 is compulsory
9. Comment with justification on the correctness of any three of the following statements restricting
your answer to within 200 words for each:
20x3=60
(a) For transmission line load matching over a range of frequencies, it is best to use a balun.
(b) The standard reference antenna for the directive gain is the isotropic antenna.
(c) A disadvantage of microstrip compared with stripline is that microstrip is more likely to
radiate.
(d) A parametric amplifier is used for low noise high frequency amplification.
10. (a) Explain the basic theory of reactance modulator. Also explain and compare the performance
of some of the reactance modulators for generation of frequency modulation.
(15)
(b) Define signal to noise ratio, noise figure and equivalent noise temperature of a receiver.
Under what conditions is equivalent noise temperature a more useful quantity than noise
figure?
(15)
(c) Define and describe pulse-position modulation. Explain with waveforms how it is derived
from pulse width modulation. Compare the types of modulation.
(15)
(d) Differentiate between telex and telegraphy. Describe briefly the system and machines used in
telegraphy.
(15)
11. (a) Explain with the help of neat diagrams the principle or operation of the two-Cavity Klystron
amplifier.
(20)
(b) Describe with a neat diagram the principle of operation and application of Gunn-effect diode.
(15)
(c) Explain with a neat diagram the construction principle of operation and application of
Surface Acoustic Wave devices.
(15)
(d) Discuss and compare various methods of tuning a cavity resonator.
(10)
12. (a) Derive the impedance-inversion property of a quarter wave transformer and explain some of
its applications.
(15)
(b) Explain how you would measure coupling factor and directivity for a two-hole directional
coupler.
(10)
(c) Explain how you would measure the common mode rejection ratio of a differential amplifier.
(10)
(d) Show the simulation of the following equation on analogue computer after using suitable
time scaling:
(25)
2
2
2 30 200 0
d x dx
x
dt dt
+ + =
x(0) =5
x(0) =9.
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Question 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the
remaining question selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
Assume suitable data if considered necessary and indicate the same clearly. All question carry
equal marks.
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
1. Answer any three of the following:
(a) Consider a circuit shown in Fig. Q. 1(a). The capacitor, initially charged to 10 V, is suddenly
discharged. Obtain an expression for the resultant transient current.
(b) In the circuit shown in Fig. Q. 1(b), determine the potential difference between the points A
and B in the steady state.
(c) Fig. Q. 1(c) shows two identical parallel plate capacitors connected to a battery with a switch
S closed. The switch is now opened and the free space between the plates of the capacitors is
filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant K =2. Find the ratio of the total electrostatic
energy stored in both capacitors before and after the introduction of the dielectric.
(d) A square wave of amplitude 1 V and period 2 sec is connected in series with a resistance of 1
O and an inductance of 1 H at t =0. Find the current in the circuit.
2. (a) State and prove Thevenins theorem. Determine Thevenins equivalent circuit which may be
used to represent the network shown in Fig. Q. 2(a) at the terminals CD.
C C. .S S. .E E. .- -( (M Ma ai in ns s) )- -1 19 99 93 3
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(b) In the network shown in Fig. Q.2 (b), the switch is closed at t=0. At t=t>0, it is found that
i(t)=1.0A and
( ) dv t
10 /sec
dt
V = . Find C.
(c) A circuit consists of two parallel branches, one having a coil of inductance 0.5 H and
resistance 20 O and the other, capacitance C in series with resistance It. Determine C and R
so that the combined impedance shall be independent of frequency and have zero phase
angle.
3. (a) A uniform plane wave is described by the phasor H =2e
j 0.1 t
Z
y, A/m. If the velocity of the
wave is 2 x 10
8
m/s and the relative permeability is 1.8, determine the frequency, relative
permittivity, wavelength and electric intensity.
(b) A point charge q is situated at a distance d from a grounded conducting plane of infinite
extent. Obtain the total charge induced on the plane by direct integration of the surface charge
density.
(c) Two parallel conducting plates are separated by the distance d and maintained at the potential
difference AU. A dielectric slab, of dielectric constant K and of uniform thickness t<d, is
inserted between the plates. Determine the field vectors E
and D
in cylindrical coordinates r, |, z. Calculate the outward flux crossing a right circular cylinder
of radius 2x
0
, its axis coinciding with the z-axis and with the two plant faces at z =0 and z =
5x
0
, where x
0
=1 cm.
(b) Derive an expression for the inductance per unit length of a coaxial cable with radii a and b.
Also calculate the value when a =0.5 cm and b =2.0 cm.
(c) A 2 m long current carrying conductor is aligned in y-direction, its x-and z-coordinates being
5 m each. The current is 8 A in the negative y-direction. The conductor is subjected to a
uniform magnetic field and the resulting force on the conductor is 4 x 10
3
( )
x z
i i N + . Find
the magnetic flux density (of the applied field).
4. (a) A 20 kO standard resistor R
s
and a test resistor R
x
are connected in series across a d.c.
voltage source of negligible internal resistance. The voltages across R
s
, R
x
and the source are
measured in turn by an accurate 0 120 V d.c. voltmeter. The readings obtained are 75 V, 21
V and 100 V respectively. Find the sensitivity of the d.c. voltmeter.
(b) Give the block diagram of a typical modem digital counter and show how it is used to
measure the frequency of a given lest signal. What other categories of measurement can be
performed using a digital counter ?
(c) A thermo-electric sensor with a time constant of 50 ms is used to record the temperature of a
furnace. Assuming that the furnace temperature varies sinusoidally between the two limits
300C and 500C with a frequency of 2 Hz, determine the limits of the temperature as
recorded from the sensor. Indicate a method of reducing the resultant error.
SECTI ON B
5. Answer any three of the following :
(a) Explain how the input current changes in a three phase synchronous motor with constant load
when the field current is varied. Draw phasor diagrams.
(b) In the circuit of Fig. Q 5(b), the diodes are ideal. Determine and sketch v
0
(t) for 0 <t <8 ms
when v
1
(t) is a square waveform of 1 V amplitude, 8 ms period with a positive going zero
crossing at t =0, the input v
2
(t) 2 sin tt/3 volt with t in ms and v
3
(t) is a 3 V amplitude
rectangular pulse existing over 1 ms <t <3 ms.
(c) Calculate the conductivity of silicon when it is doped by an n-type impurity to the extent of 1
in 10
6
. The atomic density of silicon is 5 x 10
22
atoms/cm
3
, the intrinsic carrier density is 1.48
x 10
10
pair/cm
3
and the mobilities are 500 cm
2
/V-s and 1300 cm
2
/V-s. Compare the
conductivity with that of intrinsic silicon.
(d) The circuit shown in Fig. Q. 5(d) is using master-slave flip-flops. V
CC
is high and can be
taken to be 1. Find B
0
and B
1
for the first seven clock cycles after these are initially cleared.
Give precise explanations for your answers.
6. (a) Two & series motors with different airgaps, but otherwise identical, run at 700 and 750 rpm
respectively, when taking 50 A at 500 V. The resistance of each motor including the series
field is 0.36 O. If the two motors are mechanically coupled and connected in series to 500 V
supply taking a current of 50 A, determine the speed and the voltage across each machine.
(b) Two single phase transformers, T
1
and T
2
are operated in parallel on both sides. The
transformer, T
1
is rated at 100 kVA having a percentage impedance of (1 + j5), The
transformer, T
2
is rated at 200 kVA having a percentage impedance of (1.5 +j4). Calculate
the load shared by each, when the total load is 250 kVA at 0.8 power factor tagging. Also
calculate the total load at the same power factor that the two transformers in parallel can
supply such that neither of the transformers gets overloaded.
(c) Explain the following in relation to a plain single phase induction motor:
(i) It fails to start when connected to ac supply.
(ii) If it is started in either direction, it continues to rotate in the same direction.
7. (a) A 3-phase, 6600 V, 100 kVA, synchronous generator delivers rated current at 0.8 pf lagging,
the load voltage being 6 kV. The resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are 1 O and
30 O respectively. Calculate the load voltage when the load current remains same at rated
value, but the power factor changes to 0.8 leading. The field current is the same as before.
(b) The rotor of a 3-phase, 6-pole, 50 Hz, slip-ring induction motor has resistance of 0.2 O per
phase and runs at 960 rpm on hill load. Calculate the resistance to be inserted in the rotor
circuit so that the speed reduces to 800 rpm, with torque (i) remaining constant, and (ii)
varying as square of speed. Neglect stator impedance. Make assumptions as needed.
(c) A 400 V, 15 kW, dc shunt motor takes 42 A and runs at 1200 rpm. The resistances of
armature and field are 0.8 O and 200 O respectively. Neglect armature reaction. (i) Find the
field current required to reduce the speed to 1000 rpm with load torque at half of previous
value. (ii) Find also the initial armature current, when the field current is changed to that
found in (i), with the speed not changing instantaneously.
8. (a) Find the CB h-parameters of a transistor in terms of its r-parameters and o.
(b) A silicon transistor has a |-independent bias using an emitter resistor potential divider
combination. The emitter circuit resistance is 300 O, the collector circuit resistance is 500 O,
collector supply voltage is 15 V and | =100. Find the potential divider resistances so that
maximum symmetrical swing is permitted at the collector. Take V
CE, sat
=0.
(c) Describe a successive approximation type of an A to D converter and give its merits. Find the
conversion time and the resolution of an 8-bit ADC of this type when the clock period is
1.25s.
Some useful data:
Electronic charge : e =1.6 x 10
19
C
Permeability of free space :
o
=4t x 10
7
H/m
Permittivity of free space : c
o
=8.85 x 10
12
F/m
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I I I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum marks: 300
Instructions:
Candidates should attempt five questions in all selecting at least two questions including the
compulsory question from each of Section A and B or Section A and C.
Assume suitable data if considered necessary and indicate the same clearly.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question.
Parts of the same question must be answered together and must not be interposed between
answers to other questions.
.
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
1. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case.
(20x3=60)
(a) Real parts of the Eigen values of a stable system are always positive.
(b) Knowing the step response of a system the response to a ramp input cannot be deduced.
(c) Use of a free wheeling diode improves the quality of speed-torque characteristics of a
thyristor controlled d.c. motor.
(d) State variable method of analysis can be applied both to linear and non-linear systems.
2. (a) Sketch and explain the frequency-response characteristics of a second-order control system.
What is the effect of damping ratio on the amplitude and phase of the steady state output ?
(20)
(b) The forward path transfer function of a position control system with velocity feedback is
given by
( )
( )
K
G s
s s p
=
+
Determine the sensitivity of the transfer function of the closed-loop system to changes in K, p
and a for transfer function of the feedback path (i) H(s) =1, and (ii) H(s) =(1 +os). The
nominal values of the parameters are K =12, p =3 and o =0.14.
(20)
(c) A linear feedback control system has an open-loop transfer function
( )
( )
2
2
1
s
A
s s
o
o
3
+
=
+
where and o are adjustable parameters. Find the relation between and o so that the
system is stable with unity feedback.
C C. .S S. .E E. .- -( (M Ma ai in n) )- -1 19 99 95 5
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
3. (a) What are Tachogenerators ? Discuss with block diagram, their application to dosed-loop
control systems.
(20)
(b) The block diagram of an electronic pacemaker is given in Fig 1, where K =400.
(i) Calculate the output c(t) for a unit step input.
(ii) Calculate the integral of the square of the error between input and the output.
(iii) Determine the steady-state error for a unit ramp input.
(iv) Determine the value of K for which the steady-state error to a unit ramp will be 0.02.
(20)
(c) A linear control system is described by the following equations in state-space domain:
( )
1 1
2 2
2 0 0
1 1 1
x x
u t
x x
( ( ( (
= +
( ( ( (
| | | | ( )
1
2
1 2 1
x
y u t
x
(
= +
(
Find the transfer function of the system.
(20)
4. (a) What are the important ratings that specify an SCR? Compare the performance characteristics
of a rectifier circuit using ordinary diodes with that of one using SCRs.
(20)
(b) A chopper circuit as shown in Fig 2 is inserted between a battery, V
dc
=150 V and a load
resistance R
L
=10 O. The mm-off time for the main thyristor Th
1
is 110 s and the maximum
permissible current through it is 30A.Calculate the values of the commutating components L
and C.
(20)
(c) A slab of material 2.5 cm thick and 200 sq. cm in area, having relative permittivity 5 and 0.05
is to be heated using dielectric heating. The power required is 200 watts at a frequency of 30
MHz. Determine the voltage required and the current that will flow through the material. If
the voltage were to be limited to 600 V, what should be the frequency for the same power
requirement?
(20)
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N B B
Question no. 5 is compulsory.
5. Comment with justification on the correctness or otherwise of any three of the following statements,
restricting your answer to within 200 words for each:
(20x3=60)
(a) Lightning arrestor should be located as close to the transformer being protected as is
physically possible.
(b) Tap changing transformers are used in power systems primarily to control reactive volt-
amperes.
(c) The main purpose for which the damper bars are located in the rotor faces of a synchronous
motor is to prevent hunting of the machines.
(d) Economic operation of a power system requires that the incremental fuel cost of each plant
multiplied by its penalty factor is the same for all plants of the system.
6. (a) Explain the concept of self GMD and mutual GMD in respect of 3-phase transmission lines.
Indicate how these concepts are used in estimating the inductance and capacitance of 3-phase
overhead lines.
(15)
(b) Discuss briefly the various methods adopted for improving the transient stability of a power
system.
(15)
(c) A 3-phase, 50 Hz, transmission line is 400 km long. The voltage at the sending-end is 220
kV. The line parameters are:
R =0.125 O/km, X =0.4 O/km, and Y =2.8 x 10
6
S/km. Find, using approximate
expressions for A, B, C, D constants of long lines, the following:
(i) The sending-end current and receiving end voltage when there is no-load on the line.
(ii) The minimum permissible line length if the receiving no-load voltage is not to exceed
235 kV.
(30)
(iii) For part (i), the maximum permissible line frequency, if the no-load voltage is not to
exceed 250 kV.
7. (a) Explain the various reactances associated with a salient-pole synchronous machine when it is
subjected to sudden short circuit at its armature terminals. How can these reactances be
determined from the short circuit oscillograms of the machine?
(15)
(b) Briefly explain the various controls in a.c. drives. Why are such drives becoming increasingly
more pou1ar as compared to d.c. drives ?
(15)
(c) A 4-pole, 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz, induction motor has the following per phase parameters for
its circuit model (referred to the stator side):
r
1
=1.2 O x
1
=1.16 O
r
2
=0.4 O x
2
=1.16 O
Find the slip and corresponding torque when the machine develops
(i) maximum torque, and (ii) maximum power. The machine is Y-connected.
(30)
8. (a) Discuss various types of electric traction used in India. Explain the characteristics of the
motor used in any one such system.
(15)
(b) Explain clearly with a flowchart, the computational procedure for load flow solution using
Gauss-Seidel method when the power system contains all types of buses.
(15)
(c) A 40 MVA, 3-phase, 345/34.5 kV transformer is star/delta connected. Select standard CT
ratios on the two sides of the transformer for percentage differential protection of the
transformer. Would an auto-transformer be required? If so, what should be its current ratio?
(30)
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N C C
Question no. 9 is compulsory.
9. Select any three of the following statement and indicate with justification whether they are correct or
incorrect. Your answer must not exceed 200 worth for each statement.
(20 x 3=60)
(a) In PM, the frequency deviation is proportional to instantaneous amplitude of modulating
voltage but not to the modulating frequency.
(b) An ideal directional coupler must have infinite directivity.
(c) Telecommunication carriers can increase the utilization of their existing cable ducts
significantly if fibre-optic cables are substituted for copper.
(d) Digital processing is used widely because it provides economic and rapid manipulation of
data.
10. (a) Explain what you understand by shot noise, signal-to-noise ratio and noise figure. When
might the noise-figure be a more suitable piece of information than the equivalent noise
resistance?
The first stage of a 2-stage amplifier has a voltage gain of 10, a 500 O input resistor, a 1500
O equivalent noise resistance and a 30 k ohm output resistance. For the 2nd stage these
values are 20, 80 kO, 10 kO and 1 MO respectively. Calculate the equivalent input-noise
rsistance of the two-stage amplifier.
(20)
(b) Give the differences between FM and AM receivers. How can the overall limiting
performance of an FM receiver be improved? Explain the operation of AGC in addition to a
limiter.
(20)
(c) Explain, with the help of block diagram, the principle of operation of an ISB transmitter.
(20)
11. (a) What is resonator? Define and obtain expression for the Q-factor of a parallel plate resonator.
The parallel plates of a resonator are 1.5 cm apart and have free space in between them. Find
Q of the resonator for fundamental frequency of oscillations. For copper o =5.8 x 10
7
S/m,
0
=4t x 10
7
H/m.
(20)
(b) What is MESFET? Give its characteristics. What are intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a
MESFET? What is the effect of increasing the channel doping to a value as high as possible?
(20)
(c) Discuss the advantages and list applications of parametric amplifiers. Draw the circuit
diagram of a TW parametric amplifier and explain briefly how it works.
(20)
12. (a) Compare and contrast the performance and advantages of co-axial cable and microwave links
as broad band continental transmission media. Draw and explain block diagram of a
microwave link carrier chain.
(20)
(b) What is a Modem? Draw and explain a Communication system using Modems. What is RS-
232 interface? Explain its use for data transmission.
(20)
(c) With the help of a block diagram, explain a Radio-telemetery transmitter using frequency-
division multiplex with TDM for sub-communication.
(20)
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300
INSTRUCTION
Candidates should attempt Question 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining
questions selecting at least one question from each Section.
Some useful data is given at the end of the question paper. Assume, any other data if considered
necessary and indicate the same clearly.
All questions carry equal marks.
Parts of the same question must be answered together and must not be interposed between answers
to other questions.
.
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
1. Answer any three of the following:
(a) The h-parameters of a 2-port network used in the circuit of Fig. 1a are h
11
=100 O, h
12
=
0.0025, h
21
=20 and h
22
=1 mS. Find the ratio V
2
/V
1
.
(20)
(b) A hollow cylindrical conductor of length L and radius R and carrying a surface current of
density J
b
= J
z
iz A/m is placed in a B-field given by
r
a
B i bi T
r
|
= +
Find the magnitude and direction of torque on the conductor.
(20)
(c) Using Thevenins theorem, determine the current in the 2 O resistor in the circuit of Fig. 1c.
(20)
(d) (i) Give the schematic of two synchro pairs, one pair being useful for remote control and
the other pair functioning as a transducer for converting angular position into an
electrical signal.
C C. .S S. .E E. .- -( (M Ma ai in n) )- -1 19 99 96 6
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(10)
(ii) Give a typical set up for measuring the stain of a cantilever beam, with temperature
compensation.
(10)
2. (a) A series R-L circuit with R =50 O and L =0.2 H has a sinusoidal voltage v(t) =75 sin (500 t
+0.785) applied at t =0, t being taken in sec. Find the complete current for t >0. What is the
current at t =0 +? Why?
(20)
(b) Show that an n-mesh, passive, three-terminal network may be replaced by a delta-connection
of three impedances. Here n can be arbitrarily large.
(20)
(c) A 300 kW, 0.65 lagging power factor load is shunted by a capacitor so that the power factor
improves to 0.90 lagging. Find the kVAr that the capacitor must furnish and the reduction in
apparent power.
(20)
3. (a) An aeroplane flies over the surface of the ocean and sends a 1 MHz plane wave vertically
downwards with a field intensity of 1000 V/m just at the ocean surface. If a submarine
requires a 10 V/m field, how deep can it be submerged and still be contacted by the
aeroplane. The ocean water constants are o =4 S/m,
r
=1 and c
r
=81.
(20)
(b) A 2 C charge is located at (0, 3, 0) m and a 4 C charge at (4, 0, 0)m. Find the electric field
at (0, 0, 5) m due to both these charges.
(20)
(c) The phase velocity v
p
of a wave of frequency f and wavelength is given by v
p
=c(
0
/)
2
where c and
0
are constants. Derive an expression for the group velocity v
g
in terms of v
p
and v
p
.
(20)
4. (a) Using an RTD with 0.00251/C coefficient and R (25C) as 1000 O, design a Wheatstone
bridge with an OP-AMP arrangement to provide a 0 to 10 V signal for a temperature span of
25C to 125C.
(20)
(b) (i) Define the terms Dynamic error and Resolution of an instrument. Explain how
these can be determined in the laboratory.
(10)
(ii) Give two examples each of active and passive transducers. Suggest suitable signal
conditioning circuits for the same.
(10)
(c) For the R-2R type of digital-to-analog converter shown in Fig. 4c, find the output voltage
when S
4
is closed and S
3
, S
2
and S
1
are grounded.
(20)
SECTI ON B
5. Answer any three of the following:
(a) In the circuit of Fig. 5a, the diode is ideal, R =1.2 kO and I =5 mA. Draw the v i
characteristics of the circuit (i) with S open and 10 volt <v <15 volt and (ii) with S closed
and 0 <v <15 volt What happens when v <0 with S closed ?
(20)
(b) Show that the NMOS circuit of Fig. 5b is a NAND gate for positive logic. Write down the
various combinations of inputs and output in a tabular form and clearly state the meanings of
any symbols or parameters used therein.
(20)
(c) Describe different methods for starting of synchronous motors.
(20)
(d) (i) Explain the following terms as referred to an operational amplifier:
(a) Input offset voltage and
(b) Input offset current
(10)
(ii) The input v
i
(t) in the circuit of Fig. 5d is v
i
(t) =1.5 sin 2t 10
3
t volt with t in sec,
Sketch v
0
(t) and label important points.
(10)
6. (a) Two single-phase transformers T
1
and T
2
, rated at 300 kVA and 400 WA respectively, when
operated in parallel share a 500 WA, 0.8 lagging power factor as follows:
T
1
: 192 +j 117 kVA
T
2
: 210 +j 184 kVA
Find the regulation of T
2
for rated kVA output at 0.8 lagging power factor when the
percentage impedance of T
1
is 1.5 +j 6.
Also find the total load that the two transformers can share without any of these getting
overloaded at 0.9 lagging p.f.
(20)
(b) Two shunt generators rated at 150 kW and 250 kW when running at rated speeds have rated
open circuit voltages of 245 V and 243 V respectively. Their external characteristics are
linear. The regulation of the 150 kW machine is 5% and that of the 250 kW machine is 4%,
both in terms of their full Load terminal voltages, If these machines are connected in parallel,
how much load will be carried by each machine when supplying a connected load of 360
kW? What will be the common terminal voltage?
(20)
(c) (i) Name different types of single phase induction motors. Draw a comparison of their
performance features.
(5)
(ii) The range of stable operation of a three-phase induction motor can be extended by
connecting a larger resistance in the rotor. J ustify the statement.
(5)
(iii) Show that the reactive power drawn by a three- phase induction motor is maximum at
standstill and decreases as the slip increases, the motor being operated at constant
voltage.
(10)
7. (a) A 6-pole, 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has a rotor resistance such that the
maximum torque occurs at a sup of 0.2. An additional resistance of 0.5 O has to be inserted to
obtain 75% of the maximum torque at starting. Find the rotor resistance and reactance.
(20)
(b) A 6600 V, 3-phase star-connected alternator has a resistance of 0.4 O and a synchronous
reactance of 6.0 O per phase. If the regulation at fill load 0.8 power factors leading is 7.5%,
find the kVA rating of the alternator.
(20)
(c) (i) What do you understand by the terms short-circuit ratio and synchronizing torque
as applied to a synchronous generator ?
(10)
(ii) A 1500 kVA, 4pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz non-salient pole synchronous motor of
negligible armature resistance having a synchronous reactance of 45 O is operating on
an infinite bus with its voltage at 6.6 kV 50 Hz. Find the synchronising torque per
mechanical degree of rotor displacement (a) at no load and (b) when the motor is
operating at full load with 0.85 leading power factor.
8. (a) Find the relation between v
o
and v
s
for the circuit of Fig. 8a and show that, with proper
adjustments, the voltage v
0
can be made proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage v
s
.
(20)
(b) Find the mid-frequency gain of the amplifier shown in Fig. 8b. Neglect the loading effect of
R
1
and R
2
. The transistor parameters with usual notations are gm =0.015 S, r
be
=1 Ok, r
bb
=
90 O, C
be
=20 pF and C
be
=3 pF while R
E
=1 kO.
(c) Design a combinational logic circuit to generate the 2s complement of a 2-bit number. You
may use two flail adders and other gates as required but keeping the number of other gates to
a minimum.
(20)
Some useful data:
Electronic charge : e =1.6 x 10
19
C
Permeability of free space :
o
=4t x 10
7
H/m
Permittivity of free space : c
o
=8.85 x 10
12
F/m
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I I I
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum marks: 300
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
Question no. 1 is compulsory.
1. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case.
(20 x 1 =60)
(a) State equations are first order differential equations that can be applied to portray only the
linear time-invariant systems.
(b) By adding a pole to the closed loop transfer function, the maximum overshoot increases and
the effect is opposite to that of adding a pole to the open loop transfer function.
(c) For a closed-loop system to be asymptotically stable, there is no restriction on the location of
the poles and zeros of the loop transfer function F(s), but the poles of the closed loop transfer
function must all be located in the left half of S-plane.
(d) A vacuum tube oscillator has small power outputs high at frequencies and is less efficient
compared to SCR.
2. (a) Describe a simple position control system.
A certain position control system is driven by 100 : 1 gear by a motor whose torque
characteristics is of the form (10 V
m
0.3 N) 10
4
N-m, where N is the speed in R.P.M. and is
the voltage supplied by the amplifier. If the synchros produce 1 V/ degree error and if the
steady state error should be 5
o
for a speed input of 20 RPM, calculate the required amplifier
gain. Viscous friction at the motor shaft is 60 x 10
6
Nm-sec.
(b) Distinguish between open-loop and closed-loop system. Convert the system of Fig. 1 into a
unity feedback system.
(20)
(c) Obtain the state equations in (i) the controller form, and (ii) and observer form for the transfer
function G(s) given by
( )
3 2
3 5 7
4 5 18 29 35
s s
G s
s s s s
2
+ +
=
+ + + +
C C. .S S. .E E. .- -( (M Ma ai in n) )- -1 19 99 96 6
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(20)
3. (a) What do you mean by Root-locus of a system ? Give properties of the root-locus.
A unity feedback system has a forward path transfer function
( )
( )( ) 4 5
K
G s
s s s
=
+ +
Sketch the locus of the poles of the transfer function of the closed-loop system as K varies
from zero to infinity, explaining all the steps involved.
(20)
(b) What is a servomotor ? Give the characteristics of a 2-phase servomotor and obtain its
transfer function.
A 50 Hz, 2-phase, ac. servomotor has the following parameters:
Starting torque =0.186 N-m
Rotor inertia =1 x 10
5
kg m
2
Supply voltage =120 V
No-load angular velocity =304 rad/sec
Assuming straight line torque-angular speed characteristics of the motor and zero viscous
friction derive the transfer function.
(20)
(c) A system is described by
X =AX+BU
Y =CX
where
0 1 8 2
A = 1 0 5; B = 1
0 2 6 0
and C =[1 2 1]
Determine whether the system is stable.
(20)
4. (a) Describe with a neat sketch a step up chopper and discuss its merits and demerits.
(20)
(b) Explain the principle of electric welding. Describe with the help of a neat diagram the
principle of operation of a timer circuit used for electric welding.
(20)
(c) Fig. 2 shows a circuit used for self-commutation by resonance.
(i) With the thyristor in blocking state, what is steady state capacitor voltage and load
current ?
(ii) Derive an expression for the load current, thyristor current and V
c
(t) after a thyristor
is triggered at t =0.
(iii) Calculate the time when the thyristor would stop conducting.
(20)
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N B B
Question no. 5 is compulsory.
5. Comment with justification on the correctness or otherwise of any three of the following statements,
restricting your answer to within 200 worth for each.
(20x3=60)
(a) Single phase induction motors with auxiliary winding neither develop starting torque nor the
running torque.
(b) For EHV transmission lines, it is dangerous to use bundle conductors from the viewpoint of
sub-synchronous resonance.
(c) Sudden loss of load may cause severe disturbance in the operation of a power system.
(d) Self-excitation of an induction generator requires the machine to be run at super synchronous
speed.
6. (a) Derive an expression for the charge (complex) value per meter length of conductor A of
untransposed 3-phase line shown in Fig. 3. The applied voltage is balanced 3-phase, 50 Hz.
Take the voltage of phase A as reference phasor. All conductors have the same radii. Also
find the charging current of phase A. Neglect the effect of ground.
(b) Discuss briefly different methods used for Load-Flow studies. Give their merits and demerits.
(20)
(c) A single-phase, 50 Hz generator supplies an inductive load of 5 MW at a p.f. of 0.707 lagging
by means of an overhead line 20 km long. The line R and L are 0.0195 O/km and 0.63
mH/km. The voltage at the receiving end is required to be kept constant at 10 kV. Find
(i) the sending end voltage regulation of the line,
(ii) the value of the capacitors to be placed in parallel with the load such that the
regulation is reduced to 50% of that obtained in part (i),
(iii) transmission efficiencies in both the cases.
(20)
7. (a) Discuss the behaviour of a 3-phase induction motor on single-phasing. Compare its
characteristics, rating and efficiency with that under balanced 3-phase supply.
(20)
(b) Give the constructional features, principle of operation and applications of a variable
reluctance stepper motor.
(20)
(c) A salient-pole synchronous motor has x
d
=0.85 p.u and x
q
=0.55 pu. It is connected to bus-
bars of 1-0 p.u. voltage, while-its excitation is adjusted to 1.2 p.u. Calculate the maximum
power output that the motor can supply without loss of synchronism. Compute the minimum
p.u. excitation that is necessary for the machine to stay in synchronism while supplying the
full-load torque.
(20)
8. (a) Explain the principle and applications of (i) induction heating, and (ii) dielectric heating.
Discuss the range of frequencies used in these systems of heating.
(20)
(b) Discuss the electrical, mechanical and economic characteristics to be considered in selecting
a motor for a given drive. What are the special features required for selecting electrical
equipment for mines with fire hazard ?
(20)
(c) An 11 kV, 1-MVA, Y-connected generator has a reactance of 4.2 ohms/phase. The generator
neutral is grounded through a resistance of 22 ohms. Determine what percent of the generator
winding remains unprotected by the percentage differential relaying. Assume for simplicity
that the percentage differential relay operates when out-of-balance current exceeds 25% of
the full-load current.
(20)
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N C C
Question no. 9 is compulsory.
9. Select any three of the following statements and indicate with justification whether they are correct
or incorrect. Your answer must not exceed 200 words for each statement.
(20x3=60)
(a) Modem communication system is concerned with development of transmission and not with
the sorting, processing and storing of information.
(b) AM is more likely to be affected by noise than is FM.
(c) In comparison with wave-guides and co-axial lines, strip line has reduced bulk, lower
bandwidth, higher power-handling capability and components made of it are readily
adjustable.
(d) The conical scanning method of tracking an acquired target is an improvement over lobe
switching.
10. (a) (i) What are the three main systems of SSB generation ? Give the salient characteristics
of each system.
(ii) Prove that the balanced modulator produces an output consisting of side bands only,
with the carriers removed.
(20)
(b) What is an RF amplifier ? Give its advantages. What do you understand by image frequency
and its rejection ratio?
In a broadcast super-heterodyne receiver having no RF amplifier, the loaded Q of the antenna
coupling circuit (at the input to the mixer) is 100. If the intermediate frequency is 555 KHz,
calculate
(i) the image frequency and its rejection ratio at 1000 KHz, and
(ii) the image frequency and its rejection ratio at 25 MHz.
(20)
(c) Give the properties of paraboloid reflectors. Explain why an antenna using a paraboloid
reflector is likely to be a highly directive receiving antenna.
Describe the Cassegrain method of feeding a paraboloid reflector. Give some shortcomings
and difficulties associated with the method.
(20)
11. (a) What is the importance of impedance matching in RF transmission lines ? Explain single
stub-matching and double stub-matching.
A loss-less line has a characteristic impedance of 75 ohms and is terminated in a load of 300
ohms. The line is energised by a generator which has an open circuit voltage of 20 V (r.m.s)
and output impedance of 75 ohms. The line is assumed to be 2 wavelengths long.
Determine :
(i) the input impedance
(ii) the magnitude of instantaneous load voltage, and
(iii) the instantaneous power delivered to the load. 20
(b) (i) What is meant by saying that colour TV must be compatible ?
(ii) Explain what is meant by the Y, I and Q signals in colour TV, and why they are
generated. With the help of circuit diagram of a simplex matrix, explain how the I, Q
and Y signals are generated in a colour TV transmitter.
(20)
(c) Give the advantages and disadvantages of submarine cables and communication satellites for
intercontinental telephone and television. Show how the two media may be complementary.
Explain what is done to ensure that intercontinental telephone calls are not misrouted.
(20)
12. (a) What do you understand by S-parameters of a 2-port network ? Why are these parameters
preferred to H, Y and Z parameters for operation in microwave range of frequencies ? Show
that the S-matrix of a directional coupler may be reduced to the form
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
p jq
p jq
S
jq p
jq p
(
(
(
=
(
(
(20)
(b) With the help of a schematic diagram, explain a four-cavity klystron amplifier.
A four-cavity klystron amplifier has the following parameters:
Beam voltage : V
0
=20 kV
Beam current : I
0
=2 A
Operating frequency : f =10 GHz
d.c. charge density :
0
=10
6
C/m
2
RF charge density : =10
8
C/m
2
Velocity perturbation : v =10
5
m/s
Determine
(i) The d.c. electron velocity
(ii) The d.c. phase constant
(iii) The plasma frequency
(iv) The reduced plasma frequency for R =0.5
(v) The d.c. beam current density
(vi) The instantaneous beam current density
(20)
(c) Explain what you understand by:
(i) MMIC
(ii) MOSFET
(iii) NMOS Growth
(iv) CMOS Development
(v) RAM Device
(vi) SRAM Cell
(vii) DRAM Cell
(20)
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining
questions selecting at least one question from each Section.
Some useful data is given at the end of the question paper. Assume any other data if considered
necessary and indicate the same clearly
All questions carry equal marks.
Marks assigned to each part of the question is indicated at the end of the respective part.
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
1. Answer any three of the following
(a) Fig. 1 (a) shows a network of resistors each os R ohms. Find the resistance between the
terminals P and Q.
(20)
(b) A charge Q is distributed over two concentric hollow spheres of radii r and R (R >r) such
that their surface densities are equal. Find the potential at the common centre of spheres.
(20)
(c) Two sinusoidal signals of equal amplitude and frequencies f
v
and i
h
(Hz) are applied
simultaneously to vertical and horizontal deflecting plates respectively of a CRO. Sketch the
Lissajous patterns that appear on the CRT screen, when.
(i) f
V
: f
h
=3 : 1
(ii) f
v
: f
h
=1 : 2; and
(iii) f
v
=f
h
=1kHz with a phase difference of 90 between the two signals.
If now, the control grid electrode is subjected to an additional sinusoidal signal of 10 kHz and
of such amplitude that the grid is driven into cut-off state for part of its signal cycle what will
be the change in the pattern displayed for part (iii)?
(20)
C C. .S S. .E E. .- -( (M Ma ai in n) )- -1 19 99 97 7
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(d) For the voltage-series-feedback amplifier circuit shown in Fig. 1(d), the open-loop gain A of
the OP-AMP varies from 15000 to 20000 as the temperature changes from 25C to 35C
Calculate the closed-loop gain at both the extreme temperatures, assuming R
1
=470 O and R
f
=47 kO. Calculate the percentage change in open-loop and closed-loop gains and explain the
results. Assume the source impedance to be zero.
(20)
2. (a) A 10 kV is applied across an air-filled capacitor formed by two parallel plates with a
separation of 1.2 cm. A glass sheet of 2mm thickness and of 6.5 relative permittivity is
inserted in the air dielectric and kept on one plate. Find the capacitance per unit area of the
parallel plates along with the glass, the electric field intensities in air glass dielectric, and the
charge density on the plates.
(20)
(b) Calculate the power fed to the 15O resistor by using Thevenins equivalent circuit for the
portion to the left of points A and B in the circuit of Fig. 2 (b).
(20)
(c) In the circuit of Fig. 2 (c), when the switch is closed t =0, it is noticed that i (0
+
) =10 mA
and v
ab
(t) =0, t > 0 sec. Assuming zero initial current for inductor and zero initial charge for
capacitor, find the values of and R
1
and L.
(20)
3. (a) Define the attenuation coefficient and phase coefficient in the context of a transmission line.
A correctly terminated transmission line has Z
0
=600 O, o =1.2 dB/m and | =18/m (with
usual notations). The line is 5 m long and is fed from a 600 O source of e.m.f. 3V. Find the
magnitude of the received current at the output and its phase relative to the input voltage.
(20)
(b) The Fig. 3(b) shows the Wiens bridge for measurement of frequency. Drive suitable
expressions under balanced bridge condition. What should then be the relation between R and
R
1
and between C and C
1
so that the excitation frequency is expressed as 1/(2t RC)?
(20)
(c) The output of an LVDT is connected to a 10 V voltmeter through an amplifier with a gain of
500. An output of 2.5 mV appears on the terminals of LVDT, when the core moves through a
distance of 0.5 mm. Calculate the sensitivity of LVDT and that of the whole set-up. The
voltmeter scale has 100 divisions and the scale can be read to 1/5 of a division. Calculate the
resolution of the instrument in mm.
(20)
4. (a) The J FET used in the circuit of Fig. 4 (a) has the following data :
R
D
=2 kO, R
S
=8 kO V
DD
=15V, V
G
=10 V and V
SS
=8 V.
(20)
Assuming I
DSS
=5 A and V
PO
=3 V for the J FET calculate V
GS
and V
O
.
(20)
(b) For full-wave rectification, what circuit configuration would be preferred and why?
A bridge rectifier fed through a transformer from a 230 V, 50 Hz supply is used to deliver
power to a transistor radio at 9V d-c. Assuming ideal dides and load resistance of 90O,
specify the turns-ratio and current rating of transformer. Also find the d-c and a-c (rms)
values of Load current and Peak-Inverse-Voltage.
(20)
(c) The mid-band equivalent circuit of a common emitter transistor amplifier is shown in Fig.
4(c). The h-parameters of the transistor used are
h
ie
=1500 O, h
re
=10
3
, h
fe
=100,
h
oe
=50 x 10
6
O
Find the mid-band gain
2
/
S be
i i where
2
S
i where is the current in 5 kO resister.
(20)
SECTI ON B
5. Answer any three of the following:
(a) Minimize the following logic functions using Karnaugh maps and realize them using NAND
gates.
(i) f(A,B,C,D)=
Em (2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,)
(ii) f(A, B, C, D) =
H M (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13)
(20)
(b) It is desired to add two one-bit binary words and produce the result as Sum and Carry.
Prepare a truth table, Karnaugh map and Boolean expressions to design a Half-Adder using
minimum number of NAND gates.
(20)
(c) What do you understand by the forbidden gap in energy bands?
Electrons are excited across the forbidden energy gap E
0
in Germanium by bombarding of
photons. Calculate the maximum wavelength for a photon which will produce electron-hole
pairs in Germanium, if E
0
=0.71 eV.
(20)
(d) A 10kW, 1440rpm d-c shunt generator has resistance Loss of 400 watts in its field winding
under normal operating conditions. The time-constant of the field winding is 0.2 second.
Calculate the energy stored in the magnetic field produced by the field winding.
(20)
6. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a NOR gate using MOS transistors (n-channel) and verify the
NOR operation with. The description of the functioning of this gate.
(15)
(b) Name the different types of Read- Only-Memories and briefly discuss their attributes in terms
of programmability volatility, erasability, technology used and utility.
(20)
(c) A 3-phase star-connected alternator, rated at 11kV, 1600k VA, has negligible armature
resistance and a synchronous reactance of 30O per phase. When delivering full-load current
at a certain power factor, the voltage regulation of the machine is zero. Estimate the power
factor of the load and the power delivered by the machine.
(25)
7. (a) Two similar 200 k VA, single-phase transformers gave the following results when tested by
the back-to-back method:
(i) Wattmeter W
1
in the supply line reads 4kW; and (ii) Wattmeter W
2
in the secondary sends
circuit reads 6 kW, when the full-load current is circulated through the secondaries. Show the
diagram of connections and calculate the full-load efficiency of each transformer.
(15)
(b) A 4-pole D-C Series motor runs normally at 800 rpm taking 22 A on 260 V supply, when all
the four field coils are connected in series. If now the field coils are reconnected in two
parallel groups of two coils in series, estimate the speed and current taken by the motor.
Assume that, (i) the load torque is proportional to square of speed, (ii) the field flux is
directly proportional to the current, and (iii) the tosses are negligible.
(25)
(c) A 3-phase, star-connected, 1200 kW. 3.3 kV, 20-pole, 50 Hz synchronous motor has a
synchronous reactance of 4O per phase and negligible resistance. The motor is fed from
infinite bus-bar at 3.3 kV and is operated at unity power factor by so adjusting its excitation,
Calculate the maximum power and torque that the motor can deliver for the same excitation.
(20)
8. (a) The normal full-load slip and shaft torque of a 373 kW, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor are
respectively 1.9% and 2400 N-m. The rotor winding has a resistance of 0.25O and a standstill
reactance of 1.5O per phase Estimate the slip and power output for the same full-load stator
current when external resistors of 2 O per phase are inserted in the rotor circuit Neglect no-
load current.
(20)
(b) Two 100 kVa, 1-phase transformers are connected in parallel on both primary and secondary
sides. One transformer has an ohmic drop of 0.5% and reactive drop of 8% of the voltage on
full load. The other has the corresponding drops of 0.75% and 4% respectively. How will the
total load of 200 kW at unity power factor be shared?
(20)
(c) The bulk n-type region of a particular Germanium junction has conductivity of 10
4
S/m at
300 K and that the for the p-region is 10
2
S/m. Find the voltage drop across the junction in
equilibrium at 300K, assuming intrinsic carrier concentration as 2.5 x 10
19
m
3
mobility of
electron and holes as 0.36m
2
/v-s and 0.17 m
2
/v-s respectively.
(20)
Some Useful Data:
Electron charge : 1.6 x 10
19
Coulomb
Permeability of free space : 4t x 10
7
H/m
Permittivity of free space : 8.85 x 10
12
F/m
Plancks constant : 6.625 x 10
34
J -sec
Velocity of light in free space : 3 x 10
8
m/sec
Boltzmann constant : 1.38 x 10
23
J /K
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I I I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum marks: 300
Candidates should attempt five questions in all selecting at least two questions including the
compulsory question from each of Section A and B or Section A and C.
Assume suitable data if considered necessary and indicate the same clearly.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the questions.
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
Question no. 1 is compulsory.
1. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case.
(20x3 =60)
(a) If a system is stable with unity feedback, the open loop system is also stable.
(b) A two-phase a.c. Servomotor is similar in all respects to a conventional induction motor.
(c) If in the state variable description of a system, A matrix is singular, then the system is
unstable.
(d) Commutation has to be specially taken care of, While using Thyristor-Chopper for motor
speed control.
2. (a) Sketch the under-damped time response of a second order control system to a step input.
Define clearly the Delay time, Rise time, Peak time, Peak-overshoot, Settling time
and Steady state error and also show them in the sketch.
(20)
(b) A system is represented by the following equations:
(20)
x =x
1
+3u
x
1
=3x
1
+x
2
+2u
x
2
=2x
1
+u
Find the transfer function
( )
( )
X s
U s
by signal flow technique.
(c) State Nyquist Stability Criteria and investigate the stability of the closed loop system with the
following open loop transfer function.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 3
1
s
G s H s
s s
+
=
=
+
If R =1000O, C
1
and C
2
are 1000 pF and C
3
=50 pF and assuming the variable capacitors
are readable to 5 pF with what accuracy could a capacitance of 1 pF be measured?
20
(b) Discuss three kinds of error-detection codes and explain how they detect errors.
20
(c) Explain with the help of block diagram a CW Doppler radar using an intermediate frequency
in the receiver. Give its advantages applications and limitations.
20
SECTI ON B
5. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case.
20 3 =60
(a) Feedback provides same control on the steady state error to standard inputs by adjustment of
open-loop gain.
(b) One disadvantage of magnetic tape recorder is that its characteristics limit its use at higher
frequencies.
(c) The cost of fabrication and installation of system for utilizing solar energy is too high to be
viable.
(d) ICs, although cheaper, axe less reliable as compared to discrete components interconnected
by conventional techniques.
6. (a) A system is described by the following state and output equations
0 1 0
2 3 1
X X U
( (
= +
( (
And Y =[1 0]X
where u(t) is a unit step input and the initial conditions X
1
(0) =0, X
2
(0) =0. Obtain the time
response of the system.
20
(b) Briefly explain the principle of PCM, differential PCM and delta modulation.
20
(c) Discuss salient features of a fibre optic communication system. List some of the optical
components used to interconnect a digital voice or data systems.
20
7. (a) Discuss the functions of various Registers and ALU of 8085.
20
(b) Discuss multiple access techniques for satellite communications. Explain the meaning of the
following
FDMA, TOMA, COMA and SOMA
20
(c) Briefly describe two different types of phase array radars. How can phased arrays overcome
the difficulties occasioned by the use of moving radar antennae?
20
8. (a) Give the construction, principle of working and apperceptions of an LVDT.
20
(b) Develop receiver end power circle diagram of a transmission tine. Explain, how from the
power circle diagram, capacity of a synchronous phase modifier be determined.
20
(c) Establish block diagram for load-frequency control of an isolated power system.
(d) 20
PAPER I
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining
questions selection at least one question selecting at least one question from each Section.
SECTI ON A
1. Answer any THREE of the following
(a) Prove that an ideal transformer shown below for which v
1
/v
2
=n can be identical with a
perfectly coupled transformer
if n =
1 2
/ L L , where L
1
and L
2
are the self inductances of the primary and secondary
windings of the transformer and M is the mutual inductance.
Discuss about the current ratio. Obtain the expression for i
1
(t) and conditions that the perfect
transformer will be an ideal transformer.
20
(b) A farmer (F) has two sheds (N
1
& S
1
) in his farm to keep his farm produce and belongings.
He keeps vegetables (V) as farm produce, a goat (G) which can eat the vegetables and a dog
(D) that can bite the goat in the absence of the farmer.
The farmer along has to manage both sheds without loosing either vegetables or the
goat. Suggest a logic circuit that can alarm him under any catastrophic condition by means of
a buzzer.
20
(c) A 3-phase induction motor has an efficiency of 0.9 when the load is 37 kW. At this load, the
stator copper and rotor copper loss each equals the iron loss. The mechanical losses are one-
third of the no load loss. Calculate the slip.
20
(d) A two-tone modulating signal e
m
(t) =5 cos 2.10
3
(t) +4 cos 4.10
3
t modulates a carrier
voltage e(t) =10 cos 2.10
6
t. Find various frequency components present and corresponding
modulation indices. Also obtain the amplitude of the signals present in each sideband and the
bandwidths.
20
2. (a) Show that the multiplication of a sinusoidal signal by a signal f(t) translates the whole
frequency spectrum. Can we retranslate the spectrum to its original position? If yes how?
20
(b) A separately excited d.c. motor supplied with rated voltage and rated field current is driving a
fan delivering rated torque. The load torque of the fan is proportional to square of speed. The
motor exhibited linear load characteristics such that the speed dropped by 10% from no load
C.S.E-Mains 2001
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
to full load torque at rated voltage and field current. If the supply voltage is halved at the
same field current develops an expression for the new speed in terms of no Load speed (at
rated voltage), full load torque and other constants.
20
(c) While the Thyristors is used in Power Electronic convertors it is being replaced by other
devices recently. Mention any two of these devices and explain how they differ from the
Thyristors. Name typical convertors in which the Thyristors are being replaced.
20
3. (a) (i) Draw the truth table of an octal-to-binary encoder with the condition that the output F
=1 when at least one of the inputs is a 1. The octal input with highest number has the
highest priority. What is the condition of binary outputs and F output, if the inputs D
5
=D
3
=1?
10
(ii) Design a combinational circuit using AND gates and half adders that can multiply two
2-bit numbers a
1
a
0
and b
1
b
0
to produce 4-bit number S
3
, S
2
, S
1
and S
0
.
10
(b) Figure below shows a singly excited electro mechanical system with a stationary member and
a rotating member. The stationary member is an electromagnet excited by a coil of N turns
carrying a current i wound on a ferromagnetic core of infinite permeability. The rotating
member is an unwound ferromagnetic core of infinite permeability causing variable
permeance at changing rotor position from a maximum permeance of P
1
at =0 to a
minimum permeance of P
2
at =90. Assuming this variation of permeance to be sinusoidal
develop an expression for the developed torque on the rotating member as a function of .
20
(c) In an electric traction d.c. series motor has been used with single-phase a.c. overhead lines.
Gradually it is being replaced by another motor along with suitable speed control mechanism.
Explain this new system comprising the motor and its control from the same overhead supply
system and compare with the one using d.c. series motor.
20
4. (a) Define a uniform plane wave, Show that a uniform plane wave progressing in x-direction
does not have the x-component of E. Explain what does this mean physically.
20
(b)
Obtain the voltage gain and output resistance of the composite amplifier shown in Fig. above.
20
(c) A rectangular wave guide has cross-sectional area a =7 cm and b =4 cm. Obtain all TE
modes that will propagate frequency less than 5 GHz. How these modes are designated and
what are the corresponding cut-off frequencies.
20
SECTI ON B
5. Answer any THREE of the following
(a) How do you determine the Laplace transform of a function f(t)? Are there any restrictions on
f(t) for this ? State them.
Determine the Laplace transforms of
(i) signal in the form of a triangular pulse and
(ii) impulse train as shown below.
The strength of each impulse is unity.
20
(b) Figure below shows a coil of N turns placed in a time varying flux (t), The coil direction is such
that for the direction of current i (as shown) in the flux direction is an indicated in the figure. Assume
infinite conductivity of the conductor of the coil. Using relevant Maxwells equation obtains an
expression for e. Indicate how this expression will be in conformity with Lenzs law.
20
(c) A 3-phase induction motor is driving a constant torque load. If one of the supply lines to the
motor is disconnected discuss the changes you would observe in supply current, speed and
efficiency.
20
(d) (i) Differentiate between FDM and TDM pictorially. Enumerate the advantages of one
over the other.
10
(ii) 24-telephones, each band limited to 3.4 kHz, are to be time division multiplexed using
PCM. Calculate the bandwidth of the PCM system for 128 quantization levels with 8
kHz sampling frequency
10
6. (a) What is the order of magnitude of velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a good conductor as
compared to sound wave in air ? Discuss.
Calculate the depth of penetration of a MHz wave into copper which has =5.8 10
7
/m
and permeability equal to that of free space.
20
(b)
The simplified circuit of a radio oscillator is shown in Fig. above. Draw its equivalent circuit
and obtain the condition of oscillation. Obtain the frequency of oscillation and the value of h
fe
required for the oscillation in the case of Hartley oscillator
20
(c) A transmitting antenna at a height of h
2
above a smooth perfectly flat-earth surface sends a
signal to a receiving antenna of height h
1
with ground range between them equal to a. Obtain
the path difference between the direct and reflected signals reaching the receiving antenna.
Assume h
2
>h
1
.
20
7. (a) What is cut-set in linear graph theory? Explain with an example.
In the graph
check if the sets of branches {1, 3, 4, 6} {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 3, 5} constitute cut-sets.
20
(b) Show that the output of a balanced modulator using semiconductor diode is DSB-SC.
20
(c) Obtain relationship between the skip distance and maximum usable frequency over the flat
earth surface.
20
8. (a) For the pole-zero configuration of an impedance function shown below draw the schematic
diagrams of the two Foster and two Cauer networks without determining element values.
What more information do you need to determine the element values?
20
(b) Measurements on a small permanent magnet d.c. motor indicate that it has an armature
resistance of 7.5 ohm. With an applied armature voltage of 6 V. the motor is observed to
achieve a no load speed to 10570 r/min while drawing an armature current of 13 mA.
(i) Calculate the motor torque constant
(ii) Find the no load rotational losses of the motor.
(iii) Find the stall current and torque of the motor at an applied armature voltage of 6 V.
20
(c) How are the Power Semiconductor devices specified?
What do these specifications signify?
20
1.
PAPER - I I
SECTI ON A
1. Select any THREE of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case.
20 3 =60
(a) While a lead compensator reduces system bandwidth, a lag compensator on the other hand
increases the system bandwidth.
(b) It is necessary to use preamplification and filtering before data processing.
(c) Tap changing transformers arc used in power systems, especially to control reactive volt-
amperes.
(d) For the correct reproduction of the picture on the screen of a television, it is desired that the
scanning at the receiver and transmitter are synchronized.
2. (a) What is the fundamental difference between a subroutine call and an interrupt request ? Is it
possible to employ a common memory stack for both?
20
(b) For the network shown in Fig. 2 (b), obtain the complex bus bar voltage at bus 2 at the end of
the first iteration. Use the Gauss -Seidel method. Line impedances are in pu. Given
20
Bus 1 is slack bus with V
1
=1.00.
P
2
+j Q
2
=-5.96 +j 1.46; |V
3
| =1.2
Assume V
0
3
1.02 0 V and
0
2
1 0 V
(c) Explain how a Buchholz relay protects a transformer.
20
3. (a) What is the proportion in which n-type and p-type Si both having conductivity of 10 ohm
-1
m
-
1
be mixed so as to produce a fully compensated semiconductor at room temperature?
Mobility of electrons and holes in Si are 0.14 and 0.05 m
2
V
-1
s
-1
respectively at room
temperature.
20
(b) Explain the following in connection with power systems:
Ferranti effects, infinite line, Peterson coil, load bus.
20
(c) Calculate the maximum power by a solar cell at an intensity of 200 W/m
2
. Given V
max
=0.14
V and I
max
=-6 mA. Also calculate the cell efficiency if the area is 4 cm
2
.
20
C.S.E-Mains 2001
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
4. (a) While manufacturing IC, the Si wafer is oxidized time and again. What functions can an
oxide layer perform during and after the manufacture? What role is played by dislocations
which get generated during the growth of the single crystal and during processing of the
wafer? 20
(b) Explain, what is meant by the term Blind Speed in MTI (Moving Target Indicator) radar.
What is the method of overcoming the problems of blind speed in radar?
20
(c) What do you understand by the term Satellite Communication Package? Explain in brief the
working of satellite repeaters in use.
20
SECTI ON B
5. Select any THREE of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case. .
20 3 =60
(a) In order to increase the distance between poles, carrying long distance transmission line,
aluminum conductors should be strengthened by strain-hardening.
(b) Routh-Hurwitz and continuous fraction stability criteria tell whether the system is stable or
unstable. They do not tell anything about the relative stability of the system.
(c) Using energy audit and energy management techniques, one avoid or postpone the
installation of costly peaky generation.
(d) In pulse compression radar, one gets a higher maximum range capability and a better range
resolution.
6. (a) The conductivity of intrinsic Si at room temperature is 3.3 10
-4
ohm
-1
m
-1
. A bridge is
available which can measure 1 in 10
4
changes in resistance. With what accuracy can this Si
be used to measure the temperature in the range from 0C to 100C? The energy band gap in
Si is 1.1 eV. The Boltzmann constant, k =1.38 10
-23
J K
-1
and the electronic charge, e =1.6
10
-19
C.
20
(b) Great a block diagram for a differential encoding and decoding system. Explain how it works
by showing the encoding and decoding for the sequence 001111010001. Assume that the
reference digit is a binary 1. Show that error proportion cannot occur.
20
(c) With reference to the colour television transmission and reception, explain (i) hue and
saturation, and (ii) colour subscriber.
20
7. (a) Discuss the effect of temperature on the relative dielectric constant of a material.
20
(b) The semi-major axis and the semi-minor axis of an elliptical satellite orbit are 25000 km and
20000 km respectively.
Determine the apogee and perigee distances.
20
(c) Explain; how energy is lost at a sharp bend in a fibre. What do you understand by the term
Dispersion, as applied to optical fibre?
20
8. (a) (i) If the program counter is always one count ahead of the memory location from which
the machine code is being fetched, how does the microprocessor change the sequence
of program execution with a jump instruction ?
(ii) List the sequence of memory transfers required to process an indirect-addressing
mode instruction, when the instruction is a control type (for example J ump
Unconditionally). How many memory cycles are needed?
20
(b) Explain with the help of flow chart procedure for solution of exact coordination equations.
20
(c) Discuss the basic principles involved in distance protection and describe how it is applied to
transformer feeders.
20
PAPER I
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining
questions selection at least one question selecting at least one question from each Section.
SECTI ON A
1. Answer any three of the following
(a) The figure shows an equivalent circuit of a small two winding transformer in terms of the
primary.
If the self inductance L
2
of the secondary is 16 H, estimate the following
(i) The actual winding resistance of the secondary.
(ii) The secondary open circuit voltage with primary supplied with 220 V a.c.
(iii) The mutual inductance M. between the primary and the secondary.
6 +6 +8
(b) Write the integral form of Maxwells equations and identify each equation with the proper
experimental law.
20
(c) A synchronous motor is running idle on an infinite bus at its rated voltage and frequency. It is
excited to have an inducted voltage of 125% and its synchronous impedance is
(1 +j 20)%. Calculate
(i) the stator current, and
(ii) its phase with respect to the bus voltage.
Where would such idle runs be useful?
15 +5
(d) A super heterodyne receiver uses an IF frequency of 455 kHz. The receiver is tuned to a
transmitter having a carrier frequency of 1350 kHz. Give two permissible frequencies of the
local oscillator and the image frequency for each.
20
2. (a) A filter has transfer function H(f) =rect(f/2B).
Where
( )
1 1/ 2
0
x
rect x
elsewhere
<
=
C.S.E-Mains 2002
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
An input x(t) 2 W sinc (2Wt) is applied to this filter, where
( )
sin
sin
x
c x
x
t
t
=
(i) Find the output y(t) for W <B.
(i) Find the output y(t) for W >B.
(iii) In which case does the output suffer distortion? Justify your answer
7 +7 +6
(b) A d.c. shunt generator supplies the full load current of 50 A at 500 V Assume its field is
drawing 2A, and the armature voltage drop is 5%. The generator is being driven at the rated
speed of 1500 rpm, and is working at an efficiency of 80%.
Estimate (i) the speed at which it will run and (ii) the efficiency when the machine is working
as a motor, drawing 50 A from a 500 V d.c. source
Assume the rotational losses, (the iron, friction and windage losses) vary as the square of the
speed.
10 +10
(c) (i) Germanium and silicon are both semiconducting materials and we have both diodes
and triodes with germanium as well as silicon. However, in respect of controlled
rectifiers, we have only silicon-controlled rectifiers hut no germanium-controlled
rectifiers. Explain why.
(ii) Use the two transistor equivalent circuit of the SCR and show that when reverse biased the
SCR cannot contact even if it is triggered.
10 +10
3. (a) A locker can be opened by A and B when they are both there, as the locker has 2 keys, one of
which is with A and the other with B. C has both the keys, but he is permitted to open the
locker only when B is not there. Show that the locker can be opened always if both A and C
are there. Give the Boolean identity that symbolisms this situation.
20
(b) With respect to full load current why does an induction motor take higher no-load current
than a transformer?
A 3-phase induction motor draws 25 A from 460 V 3- phase line at a p.f. of 085 lagging. The
stator copper loss is 1 kW, and the rotor copper loss is 500 W. The rotational losses due to
windage and friction are 250 W, core loss is 800 W, and stray load loss is 200W. Calculate (i)
the air gap power P
g
, (ii) the developed mechanical power, (iii) the output horse power, and
(iv) the efficiency.
5 +15
(c) Explain the principle of pulse with modulated inverters for induction motor control. What is
the purpose of using pulse width modulation in this context?
4. (a) Obtain the conditions under which the circuit below produced oscillations
What is the frequency of oscillations?
20
(b) Define directive gain and directivity of an antenna. The radiation intensity of a certain
antenna is
( )
3
4sin sin 0 ,0
,
0
U
elsewhere
u | ut | t
u |
( s s s
=
(
Determine the directivity of the antenna.
5 +15
(c) (i) An AM modulator has output
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 30cos2 200 6 cos2 180 6cos2 220 x t t t t t t t = + + +
Determine the modulation index and efficiency.
(ii) An upper sideband SSB modulator has the message signal m(t) =A
m
cos e
m
t. The
unmodulated carrier is given by
c(t) =A
c
sin e t. Sketch the modulator output x(t).
10 +10
SECTI ON B
5. Answer any three of the following:
(a) Consider the op-amp circuit shown.
In the circuit make the usual assumption that (i) the inverting and non-inverting terminals are
virtually at the same potential and (ii) the op - amp does not take any input current at its
terminals. You would arrive at the normal conclusion that
0 2
1
.
i
v
v R
R
= . Is this conclusion
valid? If yes give reasons why operational amplifiers are never used in this manner with
inverting input grounded and input to be amplified given to the non-inverting terminal.
20
(b) Use the properties of the unit impulse function o(t) to evaluate the following integrals
10 +10
(i) ( )
2
cos 5 t t t dt t o
( +
}
(ii) ( ) ( ) 10cos 2 1
t
e t t dt
t
t o
( + +
}
(c) Describe any brushless excitation system for large alter nators. Explain the working.
20
(d) What is a Hertzian dipole? Find the radiation resistance of a Hertzian dipole.
20
6. (a) A standard air-filled rectangular waveguide with dimensions a =8.6 cm and b 4.3 cm is fed
by 4 GHz carrier from a coaxial cable. Determine if a TE
10
mode will be propagated. If so,
calculate the phase velocity and the group velocity.
20
(b) An FM modulator has input m(t) =4 cos 10 tt. The peak frequency deviation is 25 Hz. The
modulator is followed by an ideal band pass filter with a center frequency given by the carrier
frequency and a bandwidth of 54 Hz. Determine the power at the filter output assuming that
the modulator output power is 100 W. Express the answer in terms of appropriate Bessel
function values.
20
(c) In a certain region with o =0, =
0
and c =6.25 c
0
, the magnetic field of an EM wave is
8
0.6cos cos10 /
z
H x ta A m | =
Find the phase constant | and the corresponding E (electric field) using Maxwells
equations.
20
7. (a) Devise a 4-bit odd parity generator function using 3-level NOT-NOR-NOR logic.
(b) A delta modulator has the message signal
m(t) =6 sin 2t (10)t +4 sin 2t (20) t.
Determine the minimum sampling frequency required to prevent slope overload, assuming
the step size to be 0.1 m.
20
(c) In a non-magnetic medium
( )
7
5sin 2 10 0.8 /
z
E t x a V m t =
Find
(i) relative permittivity and intrinsic impedance.
(ii) the time average power carried by the wave.
10 +10
N
1
and N
2
are two 2-port networks connected in parallel on both input port side as well as
output port side, to form a composite 2 - port network N as indicated
N
1
and N
2
are defined by the Z-parameters as below
| | | |
1 2
4 3 3 2
,
3 5 2 4
n n
Z Z
( (
= O = O
( (
Obtain the Z-parameters for the composite 2-port network N.
20
(b) What is all day efficiency of a transformer? Why is it necessary to calculate such efficiency?
A 300 KVA transformer has a core loss of 1.5 kW and a full load copper loss of 4.5 kW.
Calculate the efficiency at 75% of full load output at a p.f. of 0.8 lag. Calculate the maximum
efficiency and the load at which it occurs.
5 +15
(c) (i) Explain the main advantage of power MOSPETs over SCRs
(ii) A fully controlled bridge rectifier has a voltage of 200 V d.c applied to its input
terminals as shown.
Identify the forwarded and reverse biased SCRs in the circuit. Assume the forward biased SCRs have
a leakage resistance of 100 MO and the reverse biased SCRs have 200 MO. Show that each of the
devices is blocking a voltage of approximately 100 V in the circuit, irrespective of whether it is
forward biased or reverse biased
5 +15
PAPER - I I
SECTI ON A
1. Select any three of the following statements read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case
20 3 =60
(a) The magnitude of a transfer function whose poles are only in the left half of s plane and
whose zeros are mirror images of the poles about the jw axis increases with increase in
frequency.
(b) For measurement of 3| power using two wattmeters one of the wattmeters reads negative
when the power factor angle is more than 60
(c) In a large interconnected power system, consider three buses having short circuit capacities
1600 MVA (1), 1200 MVA (2) and 1000 MVA (3) respectively, the voltages of all the buses
are 1 p.u. If a 3| fault takes place on bus 2, the change in bus voltage is described as AV
1
>
AV
2
>AV
3
.
(d) A satellite earth station must have as many receive chains as there are carriers transmitted to
it.
2. (a) A system is represented by state equation X =AX.
If for ( )
1
0
3
2
X
(
(
=
(
the response is
( )
2
2
3
2
t
t
e
X t
e
(
(
=
(
(
And for ( )
1
0
1
X
(
=
(
( )
t
t
e
X t
e
(
=
(
Determine the state transition matrix.
20
(b) Station A transmits 50 MW power to station B through a tie-line. Maximum steady state
capacity of the line is 100 MW. Determine the allowable sudden load that can be switched on
without loss of stability. Derive any formulae used.
20
(c) Explain clearly the construction of a p-n junction and its use to convert sun-light directly into
electricity. What distinguishes a solar cell from a conventional p-n junction diode?
20
3. (a) Discuss briefly the microprocessor architecture with special reference to the following
components-
C.S.E-Mains 2002
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(i) Data bus, (ii) Address bus and (iii) Control bus.
20
(b) Explain briefly various abnormal operating conditions in a large alternator against which
protection is necessary. Explain clearly with neat diagram the protection of altemator against
failure of excitation.
20
(c) What is wave power? Describe some of the devices used for converting wave power into
electrical power. Discuss briefly its feasibility with reference to Indian sub-continent.
20
4. (a) Differentiate between para-magnetic, diamagnetic and ferro-magnetic materials. Discuss
various factors which affect permeability and hysteresis loss
20
(b) Explain how television is capable of displaying complete moving pictures, despite the fact
that at any instant of time, only a tiny portion of the picture tube screen is active.
20
(c) How do the functions of a communication satellite compare with those of a microwave link
repeater? What is the most significant difference in their functions?
20
SECTI ON B
5. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case
20 3 =60
(a) The steady - state errors for unit step input to type-0, type-1 and type-2, unity feedback
systems are finite non-zero, zero and infinite respectively.
(b) Tan o of an insulating material is an indication of its health
(c) For the same rupturing capacity the actual current to be interrupted by an HRC fuse is much
greater than that of any circuit breaker.
(d) PCM is considered very well, but other modulation systems are also used
6. (a) Explain with suitable diagrams, how one single phase wattmeter can be used to measure 3|
active and reactive power. Discuss the limitation of this method.
20
(b) Find the signal-to-quantization noise ratio in a binary PCM system, if the number of
quantization levels is 64:
20
(c) In a TV reveiving system the pie-amplifier (mounted on the aerial) has a gain of 20 dB and a
noise factor of 6 dB and the cable between the pre-amplifier and the receiver has an
attenuation factor of 3 dB. While the RF and IF stages or the receiver have a total gain of 90
dB and a noise figures of 3 dB
(RF stage) and 13 dB (IF stage) Determine the system overall noise figure.
20
7. (a) Show that the feedback reduces the effect of parameter variation on the performance of the
control system, but adversely affects the gain of the systems Also discuss briefly the effect of
feedback on the transient performance of the control system. .
20
(b) Derive a simple expression for the orbital period of & satellite in terms of the mechanical
constants of the satellite and the earth.
20
(c) A multimode fiber has a core refractive index 1.5 and the relative refractive index difference
is 3 per cent and the operating wavelength is 0.8 in. Calculate the critical radius of curvature
at which large bending losses occur.
20
8. (a) First manually place OOs in the accumulator and all general purpose registers.
Then write a programme which will
(i) place the hex number FE in the accumulator.
(ii) copy the contents of the accumulator A into resister B
(iii) copy the contents of the accumulator A into register C
(iv) stop.
Show the programme in 8085 mnemonics.
20
(b) Derive swing equation and discuss its application in the study of power system stability.
20
(c) Discuss one scheme each of (i) constant speed constant frequency (CSCF) (ii) variable speed
constant frequency (VSCF) of a wind-electrical energy conversion system.
20
PAPER I
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining
questions selection at least one question selecting at least one question from each Section.
SECTI ON A
1. Attempt any THREE of the following
(a) For the circuit given below,
(i) Find the frequency w0 at which the impedance across X, Y reaches a maximum.
10
(ii) Find the impedance across X, Y at frequency w0 and the current through the network
at that condition.
5 +5
(b) (i) Solve the difference function given by
y(K +2) - 5y(K +1) +6y(K) =3x(K +1) +5x(K)
If the initial conditions are
( )
11
1
6
y = and ( )
37
2
36
y =
and the input function is x(K) =2. u(K).
10
(ii) Enumerate different properties of the ROC for Laplace
transform and find out the I.L.T of ( )
( )( )
1
1 2
X s
s s
=
+ +
for
the different ROCs Re(s) >-1, Re(s) <-2, -2 <Re(s) <-1
10
(c) (i) A full-pitched coil having N turns rotates with an angular velocity of w
r
rad/sec with
respect of field flux. Obtain an expression for the flux Linkages with the coil as a
function of time t. Derive there from an expression for the emf generated in the coil.
Discuss about the two components of the emf expression so obtained.
10
C.S.E-Mains 2003
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(ii) Show that, in case the field flux is time-invariant, the generated emf lags by 90 the
flux that generates it.
10
(d) (i) Can you detect a DSBSC signal using an envelope detector? By a suitable analysis,
compare the same with coherent detection
(ii) A modulating signal, m(t) is given by cos 100t +2 cos 300t. Determine the LSB and
USB relations +LSB and |USB if the carrier frequency is 1000 rad.
15+5
2. (a) (i) The following two amplifier circuit is a generalized immitance converter (GIC).
Analyze the above circuit to get an expression for Z
in
. Assume the two op-amps to be
ideal.
(ii) With Z
1
=R
1
, Z
3
=R
3
, Z
2
=1/C2s, Z
4
=R
4
and Z
5
=R
5
, what does the GIC circuit
above realize?
(iii) Z
1
and Z
5
are capacitors, Z
2
, Z
3
and Z
4
are resistors. How does the input impedance
Z
in
, behave?
(iv) What are energy and power signals? Compute the energy and power contents of the
following signals and indicate whether they are energy or power signals
x
T
(n) ={(-0.5)n u(n) 0.01s}
y
T
(n) ={2e
3jn
u(n) 0.2s}.
10 +2 +2 +6
(b) (i) Discuss why forward break over in a thyristor occurs at a lower anode-cathode
voltage if its gate current is increased.
(ii) What are the advantages of IGST over BJ T, MOSFET and thyristor?
(iii) Discuss why the speed control with constant supply voltage and reduced supply
frequency is rarely used in practice in a three-phase induction motor.
(iv) A dc machine has total armature ampere conductors of 4500 and total flux in the
machine is 0.14 Wb. Calculate the torque developed in the machine.
5 +5 +5 +5
(c) A three-phase full-converter feeds a resistive load of 150. For a firing-angle delay of 75, the
load takes 6 RW. Find the magnitude of per phase input supply voltage to the three-phase
kill-converter.
Derive the relevant expression used if any.
20
3. (a) (i) A rectangular pulse g(t) exists between T =- (T/2) and t =+(T/2). Sketch the pulse
obtained by convoluting g(t) with itself. The Fourier transform of g(t) is a sine
function Write down the Fourier transform of the pulse obtained by the above
convolution.
(ii) Find the Laplace transform L(t) of the following function
f(t) =t cos wt.
Given L(sin wt) =
2 2
w
s w +
Using the result of L(t cos wt), find
( )
1
2
2 2
1
L
s w
| |
|
|
+
\ .
10 +10
(b) Explain the development of electromagnetic torque in a three-phase squirrel-cage induction
motor through the interaction of stator and rotor mmf waves. Hence introduce the concept of
load angle.
Show that rotor must rotate in the direction of rotating field. Discuss the conditions under
which optimum torque is developed in a 3-phase induction motor.
20
(c) A 12-V battery feeds a single-phase full-bridge inverter whose output is connected to an ideal
1-phase transformer. Its primary has 10 turns and the load voltage is 230 V. For a load
resistance of 100O, calculate
(i) the number of turns in the transformer secondary winding,
(ii) rms value of primary current, and
(iii) rms value of thyristor current.
Consider only the fundamental component of inverter output voltage.
20
4. (a) In the circuit shown below the switch S closes at t =0, and open after 10 ms. What will be
the currents in R, and L
1
and L
2
, and voltage across C
1
8 ms after switch S opens? Assume
D, to be an ideal diode and a 0.7 V drop across D
2
whenever it conducts.
(b) Show that the field strength at a point close to the antenna (at distances of unto 200-300 miles
from the transmitting antenna) in terms of the power is given by
9.49
/
P
volts m
r
c =
Where:
c is the field strength in volts/m
P is the power radiated in watts
r is the distance in meters.
Calculate the field strength at 20 km away from a transmit- ting station of 50 kW power
20
(c) (i) A sine wave carrier is frequency modulated by a triangular modulating signal m(t) as
shown in figure below. If the carrier frequency is 100 MHz and modulating signal
frequency is 5 kHz, determine the bandwidth of the FM signal. Assume frequency
deviation constant, K
f
=10
5
Hz/r.
(ii) In a commercial FM broadcast system, the modulation index is 5, the 3 dB frequency
of the pre-emphasis/de-emphasis filter is 2100 Hz and message signal frequency is 15
kHz. If the average to peak power ratio of the message signal is 05, what is the
improvement in output SNR of FM with pre-emphasis and de-emphasis filtering
compared to a baseband system?
10 +10
SECTI ON B
5. Attempt any THREE of the following:
(a) (i) What are the criteria for a material to be an imperfect di-electric or a good conductor?
Write Maxwells equations in terms of phasors for sinusoidally varying
electromagnetic fields. Consider a uniform plane wave in an isotropic and
homogeneous medium, and show that the electric and magnetic field are not in time
phase.
15
(ii) A uniform plane wave is traveling at a velocity of 3.0 10 m/s in a non-magnetic good
conductor and its wavelength is 0.35 mm. Find the frequency of the wave, and the
conductivity and the intrinsic impedance of the conductor.
5
(b) A series resonant circuit has its impedance
( )
( )( ) 20 1 10 1 10 s j s j
Z s
s
+ + +
=
Find
(i) Resonant frequency
(ii) Q factor
(iii) A and width
(iv) Impedance under resonance condition.
5+5+5+5
(c) Two single-phase full converters are used for control ling the speed of a separately-excited dc
motor. One full-converter in the field circuit has zero degree firing-angle delay. Both the
converters are connected to 1-phase, 220 V, 50 Hz source. DC motor armature resistance is
0.6O and field circuit resistance is 150O and its constant is 0.6 V-s/A-rad. Armature and
field currents are ripple free. For a firing angle delay of 40 and armature current of 40 A,
determine
(i) The motor speed in rpm,
6
(ii) Power factor of the armature converter, and
6
(iii) Power factor of the drive scheme.
6
(d) (i) Define sensitivity, selectivity and fidelity with reference to a radio receiver. What is
double spotting and its effects on a receiver?
(ii) A superhet receiver having no RF amplifier, the loaded Q of the antenna coupling
circuit is 100. If the superhet is to be improved for HF reception so that its image
rejection at 25 MHz is as good as at 1100 kHz, determine the loaded Q which an RF
amplifier for this receiver would have to have and the new IF that would be needed in
the absence of the RF amplifier. (Assume IF of 455 kHz).
8 +12
6. (a) Discuss the criteria for a circuit to oscillate. Explain the operation of a phase shift oscillator
and derive an expression for the frequency of oscillation of an RC phase shift oscillator.
20
(b) (i) A rectangular hollow metal waveguide of internal cross-section 7366 cm 3.556 cm
carries a 3 GHz signal in the TE
10
mode. Calculate the maximum power handling
capability of the waveguide assuming the maximum permissible electric field inside
the waveguide to be 30 kV/cm.
10
(ii) Explain how a PLL can be used for demodulation of FM signals. Define capture range
and lock range of a PLL.
10
(c) (i) White Gaussian noise of two sided spectral density 10
-12
V
2
/Hz is applied to a low
pass (RC) filter having a 3 dB cut-off frequency of 1 kHz. Find the output noise
power.
(ii) The received signal is r(t) =s(t) +n(t) where s(t) is the signal and n(t) is the noise
signal. The signal process is random with an autocorrelation R
s
(t) =2e
-|t|
. The noise is
a sample function of a random process with auto-correlation P
n
(t) e
-2|t|
. If the two
processes are having zero mean value and are independent of each other determine the
autocorrelation and total power of r(t).
5 +15
7. (a) What is uniform plane wave? Define all the parameters associated with it. What is meant by
group velocity?
A uniform plane electro-magnetic wave travelling in region 1(c
1
,
1
, o
1
) is incident normally
on a plane boundary separating the region 2(c
2
,
2
, o
2
), How are the reflected and the
transmitted waves at the interface related to the incident wave?
10 +10
(b) Distinguish AM and NBFM signals. Obtain an expression for NBFM and WBFM signals.
Determine the approximate band of frequencies occupied by an FM wave with carrier
frequency of 5 kHz, K
f
=10 Hz/V and f(t) 100 cos 200 tt volts.
(c) Distinguish between envelope detection and synchronous detection. Explain a Costas loop
receiver for demodulating a DSBSC signal. Explain how the squaring circuit can also be used
for synchronous detection.
20
8. (a) (i) Using multiplexers, implement a full adder circuit.
(ii) It is desired to generate the following three Boolean functions
1
F abc abc bc = + +
2
F abc ab abc = + +
3
F abc abc ac = + +
By using an OR gate array as shown in Figure, where P
1
to P
5
are the product terms in one or
more of the variables, , , , , a a b b c and c . Write down the terms P
1
, P
2
, P
3
, P
4
and P
5
.
10 +10
(b) A 50 kW, 440 V, 50 Hz, star-connected synchronous generator with per phase impedance of
0.8 +j 4.5O is working with rated terminal voltage. It is required to supply a power of 25 kW
to the bus. Estimate the minimum excitation emf. Find out the corresponding stator current.
20
(c) Consider the circuit shown below. Main thyristor T1 and auxiliary thyristor TA are off and
capacitor is charged to voltage V
s
with upper plate positive. Sketch the waveforms for i
o
, i
c
,
i
T1
, v
c
and v
T1
(assuming constant toad current), after
(i) thyristor T1is turned on
(ii) steady slate is reached in part (i) and then thynistor TA is turned on
From these waveforms, obtain the expressions for circuit turn-off time for both SCRs.
In case V
s
=220 V, R =10 O and maximum value of current through main SCR is 3
times the load current, calculate the value of commutating inductance L for C =20F and the
circuit turn-off time for the auxiliary SCR.
20
PAPER - I I
SECTI ON A
1. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identity the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case:
20 3 =60
(a) Routh-Hurwitz criterion is an algebraic method that provides information on the absolute
stability of linear time invariant system that has a characteristic equation with constant co-
efficient.
(b) If a polyphase, load is supplied through m conductors, the total power consumed is
measured by adding the readings of m wattmeters so arranged that current coil of a
wattmeter is in each line and the corresponding pressure coil is connected between that line
and a common point. If the common point is located on one of the lines, then the power may
be measured by (m - 1) wattmeters only, irrespective of balanced/unbalanced load.
(c) For economic operation, the generator with highest positive incremental transmission loss
will operate at the highest positive incremental cost of production.
(d) Considering state of the art, the communication links of satellites for weather forecasting are
at present very effective.
2. (a) Explain the effects of negative feedback in control systems on the following
20
(i) Stability (ii) External disturbances
(b) Define surge impedance of a line and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of operating
an overhead line corresponding to surge impedance loading. Also explain the terms infinite
line, flat line.
20
(c) Describe a few features of a wind wheel for efficient generation of electrical energy and
discuss economic viability of this form of energy vis-a-vis conventional method. Which
generator do you recommend and why?
20
3. (a) Discuss briefly the architecture of 8086 microprocessor with special reference to the
following
20
(i) Memory organization
(ii) Register structure
(iii) Addressing modes
(b) Explain with reasons the connection of C.T.s for protecting a detta/star transformer J ustify
your scheme of protection for (i) internal fault and (ii) external fault, using Merz-Price
protection.
20
(c) What is solar power? Describe very briefly with neat diagram the scheme for (i) residential
cooling and heating and (ii) solar power plant, using solar energy.
C.S.E-Mains 2003
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
20
4. (a) Describe the factors on which the conductivity of intrinsic semiconductor depends.
A semiconductor is made of n-type germanium. From the following data, calculate the
conductivity of n-type germanium:
(i) Density of Ge =5.32 10
3
kg/m
3
(ii) At. wt. of Ge =72.6 kg/k.mol
(iii) Charge of electron =1.6 10
-9
C
(iv) Mobility of holes =0.18 m
2
/V.s
(v) Mobility of electrons =3.8 m
2
/V.s
(Assume one donor atom in each 10
8
atoms)
20
(b) Describe the basic modulation schemes in digital data transmission.
20
(c) Explain what is meant by saying that a satellite is stationary. Why are such satellites used for
worldwide communications in preference to any other kind?
20
SECTI ON B
5. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each casa
20 3 =60
(a) If the roots of characteristic equation of a linear digital control system lie within unity circle
in z-plane, the system is stable.
(b) The magnetic property of a material is completely lost above its characteristic Curie
temperature.
(c) The chances of arc interruption in subsequent current zero increase in case of air blast CS. but
decrease in oil C.B.
(d) The bandwidth of a PCM signal is much larger than that of original base band.
6. (a) Explain how frequency can be measured using four arm bridge arrangement. Derive balance
condition for such a bridge. Mention the range of frequency measurement and accuracy of
such measurement. If applied voltage is non- sinusoidal, will it be possible to balance this
bridge?
20
(b) Describe a communication circuit using modem and explain how modems are classified,
20
(c) Explain the significance of blind speed in moving target indicator (MTI) by radar.
A MTI operates at 5 GHz with a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 400 pps. Calculate the
lowest blind speed of radar.
20
7. (a) Discuss the performances of proportional plus derivative and proportional plus integral
controllers.
20
(b) Describe radar beacons and their application.
20
(c) What do you mean by bandwidth of single mode fibre and describe the factors on which it
depends?
20
8. (a) Explain the following
(i) Gain margin (ii) Phase margin
How are they determined from Nyquist plot and Bode plot?
20
(b) A generator is connected to a motor through a Y/A transformer. The generator is connected
to the star side of the transformer. A fault occurs between the motor terminal and the
transformer. The symmetrical components of the sub-transient current in motor flowing
towards the fault are
1
a
I : - 0.8 - j2.6 p.u.,
2
a
I : -j2.0 p.u. and
0
a
I -j3.0. From the transformer
towards fault
1
a
I : 0.8 j0.4 p.u.,
2
a
I -j1.0 p.u. and
0
:0
a
I . Assume X =X
2
for both the motor
and the generator. Describe (i) the type of fault, (ii) the prefault current, if any, in line a.
20
(c) Explain the terms energy management, energy audit and energy economics. Explain how
these techniques can be used to improve the performance of an energy starved inter
connected power system.
20
PAPER I
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining
questions selection at least one question selecting at least one question from each Section.
SECTI ON A
1. Answer any three of the following
(a) (i) What will be the impedance of a parallel connected LCR network at resonance
frequency?
4
(ii) If an impedance Z
L
is connected across a voltage source V with source impedance Z
s
then for maximum power transfer, what will be the load impedance?
4
(iii) The voltage across an impedance in a network is V(s) =Z(s) . I(s) where V(s), Z(s)
and I(s) are the Laplace transforms of the corresponding time functions v(t), z(t) and
i(t). What will be the relation among them in the time domain of v(t), z(t) and i(t)?
4
(iv) Develop the relation between unit step sequence and unit sample sequence.
4
(v) How can you express a discrete signal as a sequence of a sum of scaled delayed unit
sample sequence?
4
(b) (i) Determine Laplace transform of the waveform f(t) as shown in the figure below:
4
(ii) Draw the block diagram of the system represented by the following constant
coefficient difference equation
y(n) =b
0
x (n) +b
1
x (n -1) +a
1
y (n-1)
where x(n) input sequence and y(n) =output sequence.
10
(c) (i) What is the principle of operation of a repulsion motor? What are its main features,
advantages and applications?
15
C.S.E-Mains 2004
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(ii) Describe the working of a stepper motor.
5
(d) (i) A cable transmission system with a loss of (L) 240 dB and has m =6 equal-length
repeater sections and the SNR at the destination (S/N)
D
30 dB. Find the new value of
(S/N)
D
if (a) m is increased to 12 and (b) m is decreased to 4. Express your answer
both in ratio and in dB.
10
(ii) A helix travelling wave tube operates at 4 GHz with a beam voltage of 10 kV and a
beam current of 500 mA. The helix impedance is 25 ohm and interaction length is 15
cm. Determine the output power gain in dB.
10
2. (a) (i) Use final value theorem to find f() for the function (1 - e
-|t
) u(t), where | >0.
(ii) Find the current i(t) through the 8 O resistor of the circuit diagram shown below with
initial current i(0
-
) =5 Amp.
6
(iii) Obtain the frequency response of the first-order recursive system represented by
constant coefficient difference equation
y(n) ay(n - 1) +x(n).
Consider the system is initially relaxed.
10
(b) What are commutation circuits? Design a commutation circuit for an inverter.
5 +15 =20
(c) (i) Discuss transformer noise and means adopted to reduce it.
5
(ii) A 30-kVA, single phase transformer has an iron loss of 457 Wand copper loss of
125W, when delivering half the full load. At what percent of the full load will the
transformer have maximum efficiency?
15
3. (a) (i) Consider the function of complex frequency s of the following expression
( )
2
3
4 5
s
X s
s s
+
=
+ +
Find the Laplace inverse function of the above expression.
8
(ii) What do you understand by the mathematical relation between continuous and discrete
system as given below?
( )
1 2
j T
A
m
X e X m
T T
e
t
e
=
| |
= +
|
\ .
where X(e
jeT
) is the frequency response of the sequence x(nT), T is the sampling period and
X
A
(j O0) is the Fourier transform of the continuous-time waveform. If the analog frequency
response is band limited to the range | O | s t/T what will the new relation be?
2 8 =12
(b) (i) Illustrate and compare speed-current and torque-current characteristics of a compound
wound d.c. motor with that of series and shunt motor.
5
(ii) A 3-phase, 50 Hz, 16 pole generators with connected windings has 144 slots with 10
conductors star slot. The flux/pole of 24.8 mWb is sinusoidally distributed. The coil
is full pitched. Find the line emf. 15
(d) The speed of a 20 HP 460 V, 1000 rpm separately excited d.c. motor is controlled by a
single-phase full- wave bridge circuit as shown in the figure:
The rated motor armature current is 35 A and the armature resistance is 0.15 0. The a.c.
supply voltage is 480V. The motor back emf constant is k
b
| =0.45 V/rpm. The motor
current is continuous and ripples free. For rectifier operation (d.c. machine running as a
motor) and for a firing angle o =60 and rate armature current, calculate (i) torque, (ii) speed
and (iii) supply power factor.
20
4. (a) (i) A sinusoidal voltage source is applied to the parallel RC network as shown in the
figure below. Find the energy stored and energy dissipated in the resistor over the
interval 0 <t <0.5 sec.
10
(ii) Find the output response to an input x(n) =u(n) - u(n - p) for the system whose unit
sample response is as follows
( )
0
0 0
n
a for n
h n
for n
>
=
<
10
(b) The joint probability density of the random variables X and Y is f(x, y) =K e
-(x+y)
in the range
0 s x s and 0 s y s and f(x, y) =0 otherwise.
(i) Find the value of the constant K.
(ii) Find the probability density f(x), the probability density of X independently of Y.
(iii) Find the probability P
0 2;
2 3
X
Y
s s | |
|
s s
\ .
(iv) Are the random variables dependent or independent? J ustify.
20
(c) What is troposphere? State the parameters that characterize troposphere. Write empirical formulae
for the variation of these parameters within the first 1 - 2 km of the troposphere. Write expressions
for the permittivity (c
r
) and refractive index (n) of the tropospheric medium. What is the value of n at
an altitude of 1 km?
20
SECTI ON B
5. Answer any three of the following
(a) (i) Circuit diagram shown below s initially under steady-state condition, the switch is
moved from position I to position 2 at t =0. Find the current after switching.
8
(ii) Find the z-transform of cos (nt/2). u(n).
12
(b) (i) For plane waves in free space, show that the intrinsic impedance of free space is given
by 120t O.
10
(ii) An EM wave travels in free space with the electic field component
( ) 0.866 0.5
100 /
j y z
s
x
E e a V m
+
=
Determine e and .
5 +5 =10
(c) (i) In the circuit of the figure shown below, the source voltage F =120 V and the current
through loads R
1
and R
2
is 20 A. The turn-off time of both the SCRs is 60 sec. find
the value of C for successful commutation.
10
(ii) Give interpretation of negative, unity and >unit slips of induction motor.
10
(d) A paraboloidal reflector antenna of cross-sectional area of 8000 cm2 works at 3 GHz.
Calculate the (i) beam width between first nulls, (ii) half power beam width, and (iii) gain of
the antenna.
20
6. (a) (i) Design a second-order Butterworth low- pass filter with cut off frequency of 1 kHz.
Use only Sallen and Key network configuration as shown below:
8
(ii) Find the impulse response of the system whose transfer function is given as follows
( )
1 2 2
1
1 2 cos .
H z
r z r z u
=
+
Which converges |z| >r, it has a pair of poles at z =r.e
j0
and a double zero at z =0.
12
(b) It is desired to transmit an audio signal which has a bandwidth of 10 kHz with an output SNR
of 40 dB. The channel introduces a 30 dB power loss and channel noise is AWON with
power spectral density q/2 =10
-9
W/Hz. Assume =
2
S
x
=0.5 for AM.
Calculate the (i) transmission bandwidth (ii) required transmitter power S
T
for DSB, SSB and
AM systems.
20
(c) A microstrip line is to be designed on alumina substrate having relative dielectric constant
c
r
=8.2. The W/h ratio 0.95.
Compute
(i) effective relative dielectric constant
(ii) characteristic impedance Z
0
(iii) phase velocity
(iv) guide wavelength
20
7. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a half wave rectifier with a reservoir capacitor that smooths the
output. Draw its output waveform. Determine the reservoir capacitor value for a HWR and
smoothing circuit to supply 20 V to a load of 500 O. Maximum ripple amplitude is to be 10%
of the average output voltage, and the input signal frequency is 50 Hz.
20
(b) In an Armstrong modulator, the crystal oscillator frequency is 200 kHz. The angular
deviation is set to 0.2. The system is to accommodate modulation frequencies between 50 Hz
and 15 kHz. The carrier frequency at the output is 108 MHz and the maximum frequency
deviation is 80 kHz. Draw the block diagram of the modulator showing the details and select
multiplier and mixer oscillator frequencies to accomplish this end.
20
(c) Find the field strength at distances of 500 m and 2,500 m from a dipole centre fed with I
m
=
0.1 A. Dipole has a length of 200 cm and the frequency of operation is 3 GHz. Consider E
u
only in the maximum direction.
20
8. (a) The discrete time system is described by the constant coefficient difference equation
y(n) =x(n) +a y(n - 1) with initial condition y(-1) =K. If the input x(n) =e
jen
. u(n) is applied
to the system, what will be the output response?
[Solve the problem using z-transform and its inverse transform operation only]
20
(b) (i) Derive conditions for maximum starting torque to be obtained in case of an induction
motor.
5
(ii) A 4-pole, 50 Hz, 7.46 kW motor at rated voltage and frequency has a starting torque
of 160% and a maximum torque of 200% of full-load torque. Determine (a) full load
speed and (ii) speed at maximum torque.
15
(c) A 6 MW, 3-phase, 11 kV, Y-connected, 6-pole, 50 Hz, 0.9 (leading) power factor
synchronous motor has X
s
=9 O and R
s
=0. Rated field current is 50 amperes. Machine is
controlled by variable frequency control at constant (V/f) ratio upto the base speed and at
constant V above base speed. Determine the torque and field current for the rated armature
current, 750 rpm and 0.8 leading power factors.
20
PAPER - I I
SECTI ON A
1. Select any THREE of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case
(a) At any point on the root locus with angle condition satisfied, the value of K-variable
parameter (for this point to be a root) is obtained as
product of lengths of vectors from poles
product of lengths of vectors from zero
K =
(b) Bridges are used to measure inductance of coils having different values of Q and capacitances
are used therein to obtain the balance.
(c) Is voltage control necessary in power systems? Various current control methods are used.
Permissible voltage variations are known. Any advantage of current control?
(d) Digital transmission has more advantages than disadvantages as compared to analog
transmission.
20 3 =60
2. (a) What do you understand by lead compensator? Draw the approximate Bode plot for a typical
lead compensator. Design a suitable control system for a missile to introduce a lead of 35
and gain of 6.5 db at 2.8 rad/s. What will be the transfer function of this lead compensator
that will satisfy the above requirement?
20
(b) A 25 MVA, 11 kV generator with X
d
=20% is connected through a transformer, line and a
transformer to a bus that supplies three identical motors as shown in fig. below. Each motor
has X
d
25% and X
d
=30% on a lease of 5 MVA, 6.6 kV The three-phase rating of the step-
up transformer is 25 MVA, 11/66 kV with a leakage reactance of 10% and that of the step-
down transformer is 25 MVA, 66/6.6 kV with a leakage reactance of 10%. The bus voltage at
the motor is 6.6 kV when a three- phase fault occurs at the point F For the specific fault,
calculate
(a) the subtransient current in the fault
(b) the subtransient current in the breaker B
(c) the momentary current in breaker B
Given Reactance of the transmission line =15% on a base of 25 MVA, 66 kV Assume that
the system is operating on no load when the fault occurs.
20
C.S.E-Mains 2004
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(c) What is wave energy? Explain the difficulties facing wave-power development. Give a list of
devices developed for converting wave energy into electrical energy and fully describe one of
these.
20
3. (a) Describe the various steps involved in the fabrication of a monolithic circuit shown below
20
(b) Draw a block diagram of Remote Terminal Unit (RTU), having different
components/subsystems, communication bus etc. Write the functions it generally carries out.
Briefly explain the distributed control system. Bring out the features of Data Highway.
20
(c) State and explain the basic requirements (i.e. essential qualities) of protective relaying.
20
4. (a) J ustify that the stack and subroutine offer a great deal of flexibility in writing programs. Point
out the differences between stack pointer and program counter, PUSH and POP, CALL and
RET. Give examples for each. Write a program to add two numbers which generate the carry
over, store the carry over in memory locations XX50 and sum XX60 in 8085 microprocessor.
20
(b) A CW radar operates at a frequency of 10 GHz. What is the doppler frequency produced by
(i) an air plane flying at a speed of 250 kms per hour
(ii) a man crawling at a speed of 2.5 cms per second?
20
(c) The guided missile tracking radar operates at 5 GHz and a 1.0 MW peak power output. If the
antenna diameter is 4 meters, the receiver band-width 1.6 MHz and the receiver has a 10 dB
noise figure, what is its maximum detection range for 1 m
2
targets?
20
SECTI ON B
5. Select any THREE of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case
(a) Latch is used at input and tristate is used for output purposes in the microprocessor based
system.
(b) Capacitors in integrated circuits are obtained by using the transition capacitance of a reverse-
biased p-n junction.
(c) An HVAC circuit breaker of a given voltage, current and MVA rating can be used as an
HVDC circuit breaker of the same voltage, current and MVA rating.
(d) Do we have a system which makes a fuller utilization of the transmission capacity of an
optical fibre and needs multiplexing?
20 3 =60
6. (a) (i) Explain the construction of single-phase induction-type energy meter.
(ii) A 230 V single-phase watt hour meter has a constant load of 4 A passing through it
for 6 hours at unity p.f. If the meter disc makes 2208 revolutions during this period,
what is the meter constant in revolutions per kWh? Calculate the power factor of the
load if the number of revolutions made by the meter are 1472 when operating at 230
V, and 5 A for 4 hours.
20
(b) How is digital data converted into analog signals for telephone lines? Compare them with
respect to
(i) Waveforms
(ii) Bit rate
(iii) Baud rate.
20
(c) State Keplers three laws of planetary motion. Illustrate in each case their relevance to
artificial satellites orbiting the earth.
20
7. (a) Describe the band structure of an open-circuited P-N junction.
20
(b) How I, Q and Y signals are generated in a colour TV transmitter? Explain with tube and
matrix arrangement.
20
(c) What is meant by carrier to noise ratio? How is it related to SNR? An FM system has
modulation index of 10. Given that C/N is 25 dB, calculate the receiver processing gain and
the S/N.
20
8. (a) Write the discrete forms of P, PI and PID controllers. What are various methods of tuning
them?
Discuss in brief.
20
(b) Explain briefly the techno-economic advantages and disadvantages of HVDC transmission
system.
20
(c) Explain on-line real-time computer system for protection of a line. Draw a sample fault
program flow diagram.
20
PAPER I
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining
questions selection at least one question selecting at least one question from each Section.
SECTI ON A
1. Answer any three of the following:
(a) (i) A continuous time LTI system is described by
( ) ( )
/2
/2
1
t T
t T
y t x d
T
t t
+
=
}
Find the impulse response of the system. Is the system casual?
5
(ii) For the circuit shown below, find i
1
, i
2
, i
3
and i
4
.
5
(iii) A transmission line of characteristics impedance Z
0
=50 O is terminated by load
impedance R
L
=Z
L
=100 O. Find voltage standing wave ratio VSWR, minimum
impedance Z
min
and maximum impedance Z
max
.
5
(iv) Find the qualifactor Q
p
at resonance for the circuit shown below:
5
(b) (i) Design a combinational circuit that accepts a three-bit number and generates an output
binary number equal to the square of the input number.
10
C.S.E-Mains 2005
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
(ii) Design a second-order active RC band-pass filter with a mid-band voltage gain A
0
=
34 dB, carrier frequency 160 Hz and 3 dB bandwidth 16 Hz. Assume C
1
=C
2
=0.1
F.
10
(c) (i) Explain the principle of split-phase, single-phase induction motor. Discuss resistance
split-phase motors and capacitor split-phase motors.
3 +6 +6
(ii) Explain why an induction motor is not run under conditions of maximum load.
5
(d) (i) Calculate the depth of penetration for copper at 1 MHz. The conductivity for copper is
58M /m and permeability is 1.26 H/m
5
(ii) Discuss the merits of delayed AGC as compared with simple ACC.
5
(iii) Show that the first minor lobe is -13.5 dB to principal maxima for broadside array for
large n.
10
2. (a) (i) Find
( ) ( )
( )
0 , ,
c
L C
dV O
i V O
dt
+
+ +
and
( )
L
di O
dt
+
for the circuit shown below. Use
( )
C
dV O
dt
+
to denote
( )
0
C
t
dV t
dt
+
=
Assume the switch 1 has been opened for switch 2 has been closed for along time and
steady-state condition prevails at t =0
-
.
(ii) A parallel plate waveguide consists of two parallel perfectly conducting infinite
planes situated 8 cm apart. Determine the propagating TE
mo
for a wave of 6000 MHz,
assuming free space between the plates. Find also the cut-off frequency f
c
, waveguide
wavelength
g
, waveguide intrinsic impedance q
g
.
9
(iii) List the three sources of instability of collector current Define the three stability
factors. Which biasing arrangement gives you better stability?
5
(b) (i) Define voltage regulation of a transformer. Derive the expression for voltage
regulation at lagging power factor. Draw phasor diagram.
2+5+3
(ii) A single-phase transformer working at unity power factor as an efficiency of 90% at
both half full load and full load. Full load is 500 W. Determine the efficiency at 60%
of full load condition.
10
(c) (i) What is a TRIAC? Explain its characteristic. Discuss its applications, advantages and
disadvantages.
3 +6 +2 +2 +2
(ii) A voltage across SCR is 1 V when it is conducting. It has a holding current of 2 mA
when gate current (I
G
) =0. If the SCR is triggered on by momentary pulse of gate
current to what value must V
A
be reduced in order to turn the SCR off? The figure is
shown below.
5
3. (a) (i) Using the difference equation design method with a backward difference, design a
digital filter to simulate the analog filter whose transfer function is
( )
2 5
400 2 10
s
H s
s s
=
+ +
using the sampling rate f
s
=1 kHz
10
(ii) Find the poles and zeros of the networks shown below.
5
(iii) Implement the Boolean function
F(A, B, C, D) E(0, 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 15)
with an 8 1 multiplexer with A, B and D connected to selection lines s
2
, s
1
, s
0
,
respectively.
5
(b) (i) Explain speed-current and torque-current characteristics of d.c. series motor.
4 +4
(ii) A 4-pole d.c. generator has 1200 armature conductors and generates 250 volts on
open circuit when running at a speed of 600 r.p.m. The diameter of the pole-shoe
circle is 0-35 m and the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.7 while the length of pole-
shoes is 02 m. find the mean flux density in the air gap. Assume lap-connected
armature winding.
12
(c) (i) What are the steps involved for the generation of gating signals for thyristors of ac. to
d.c. converters? Draw a block diagram incorporating various stages of firing circuits
for a single-phase fully controlled rectifier.
3 +9
(ii) If the SCR in the following figure is continuously fired by a d.c. signal, what is
average value of the current i(t)?
8
4. (a) (i) For the network shown below, Find the current ratio transfer function given by
o =I
2
/I
1
.
10
(ii) Explain boundary conditions for time-varying fields.
5
(iii) Draw the small signal model of FET. Define , g
m
and r
d
, and obtain relationship
between them.
5
(b) (i) When a super heterodyne receiver is turned to 555 kHz, its local oscillator provides
the mixer with an input at 1010 kHz. What is the image frequency? The antenna of
this receiver is connected to the mixer via a tuned circuit whose loaded Q is 40. What
will be the rejection ratio for the calculated image frequency?
10
(ii) Show that power contained in one sideband is 1/6 to the total power of amplitude-
modulated signal at 100% modulation index.
10
(c) (i) Explain Faraday rotation isolator.
A matched isolator has insertion loss of 0-5 dB and isolation 25 dB, Calculate the
scattering coefficient.
5 +10
(ii) Explain construction of Ionosphere.
5
SECTI ON B
5. Answer any three of the following
(a) (i) Determine v (t) for the circuit shown below when v
s
=10 cos 30t V
5
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of the signal
( )
( ) ( )
2
sin sin / 2 t t
x t
t t
=
(iii) Find the Laplace transform of the stepped waveform shown below.
(iv) An air-filled rectangular waveguide of dimension a =4 cm, b =2 cm, transports
energy in the dominant mode at a rate of 2 mW if the frequency of operation is 10
GHz. Determine the peak value of electric field in the waveguide.
(b) (i) The 741C op-amp having the following parameters is connected as shown in the
figure.
A =20000, R
i
. =2 MO, R
0
=75O, f
0
=5Hz, supply voltage =15 V, output voltage
swing 13V. Identify the circuit.
Compute the values of A
F
, R
IF
, R
OF
, f
F
& V
OUT
10
(ii) How much noise voltage is generated in a 1 MO resistance at 27C over a 10 kHz
bandwidth? List the sources of noise in an amplifier.
2+3
(iii) What are the conditions for distortion less transmission in continuous time LTI
systems and discrete time LTI systems?
5
(c) (i) A three-phase star-connected synchronous generator is rated at 1.5 MVA and 11 kV.
The armature effective resistance and synchronous reactance are 1.2 ohms and 25
ohms respectively per phase. Calculate the percentage voltage regulation for a load of
1.4375 MVA at (1) 0.8 power factor lagging and (2) 0.8 power factor leading. 10
(ii) Explain qualitatively with sketches as to how armature reaction effect in a
synchronous machine can be modeled as an inductive reactance.
10
(d) (i) In a trapezoidal pattern displaying modulation, the length of the long vertical side is 5
cm, and of the short vertical side, 2cm. Determine the modulation depth.
5
(ii) Explain Foster-Seeley discriminator circuit with the help of phasor diagram.
10
(iii) Describe transmission & radiation modes of helix.
5
6. (a) (i) Find the inverse z-transform of
( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
2
2
e z
x z
z e z
=
Where |z| >2 and e
-2
<|z| <2.
7
(ii) Obtain the three-dimensional wave equation for an absorbing medium, assumed to be
both magnetically and electrically homogenous and isotropic. The charge density in
the field may be assumed to be zero. Hence, determine the wave equation if the field
is varying harmonically with time.
8
(iii) A sequential circuit has one input and one output. The state diagram is shown in the
figure. Design the sequential circuit using D flip-flop.
5
(b) (i) Three regular dice are thrown. Assign probabilities to the following events. The sum
of the points appearing on three dice is 4; 9; and 15.
10
(ii) Explain central limit theorem.
10
(c) (i) Explain the term virtual height with respect to ionospheric transmission.
Calculate the transmission-path distance for an ionospheric transmission that utilizes a
layer of virtual height 200 km. The angle of elevation of the antenna beam is 20.
Consider flat earth.
6+4
(ii) Explain varactor diode. Give its equivalent circuit. Give its application.
10
7. (a) (i) Explain the different input statements in SPICE.
5
(ii) Design an m-derived t-section high-pass filter having characteristic impedance 600
O, cut-off frequency 5 kHz and infinite attenuation at 4 kHz.
10
(iii) Using a bipolar 32 8 PROM, implement the following equations simultaneously:
5
F
1
=E m(0, 1,3,5,7,21)
F
2
=E m(2, 3,4,7, 11, 12, 15, 26)
F
3
=E m(8, 9,11,13,20,23)
(b) (i) Describe third method of generating an SSB-SC signal.
10
(ii) Explain envelop detector circuit with input and output waveforms.
10
(c) (i) Draw and explain construction details of reflex klystron.
Explain electronic tuning.
10
(ii) Explain test setup for VSWR measurement.
10
8. (a) (i) Find the CTFS harmonic function for the signal
x(t) =4 +2 cos (20tt) -3 sin (40 tt)
by sampling above the Nyquist rate over exactly one fundamental period and finding
the DTFS harmonic function of the samples.
10
(ii) Find the input impedance Z of the circuit shown below, e =1000 rad/s.
5
(iii) Draw the circuit diagram of voltage-to-current converter with floating load using op-
amp. Derive the necessary equation.
5
(b) (i) Describe the effect on the speed-torque characteristic of a 3-phase induction motor by
(1) reducing the applied voltage to half the normal voltage but normal frequency and
(2) reducing both applied voltage and frequency to half the normal value.
10
(ii) A 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has a rotor resistance of 4.5 ohms per phase
and a standstill reactance of 8.5 ohms per phase. With no external resistance in the
circuit, the starting torque of the motor is 85 Nm. Calculate (1) the rotor voltage at
standstill, (2) starting torque if a resistance of 2 ohms is added in each rotor phase.
10
(c) (i) Describe single-phase d.c. drive considering a phase-controlled converter supplying a
d.c. motor load. With the help of a circuit diagram, explain the operation of a single-
phase full converter circuit feeding a separately excited motor.
12
(ii) A d.c. drive runs at 900 r.p.m. on no load when fed at 200V d.c. from a full converter.
Calculate the triggering angle of the converter thyristors if the motor has to run at 600
r.p.m. on no load. Input to the converter is 230 V a.c. Neglect I
a
R
a
drop.
8
1. (ii) Find the Fourier transform of the signal
PAPER - I I
SECTI ON A
1. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case.
3 20 =60
(a) J ury stability test states that if the first element of descending order polynomial, viz, a
0
>0,
then all roots of the polynomial Q(z) are inside the unit circle if and only if the first element
in each odd-numbered row is positive in the derived array.
(b) Transducers are sensors having many classifications, advantages and applications.
(c) Very efficient operation and control of an interconnected power system is necessary and
various levels of planning, and load control centers are required.
(d) 2 : 1 interlace ratio is used for interlaced scanning in television systems.
2. (a) State and explain the Masons Gain formula. Determine all input-output relationships of the
system represented by the set of following linear equations using the Masons Gain formula:
x
1
=a
11
x
1
+a
12
x
2
+b
1
u
1
, and
x
2
=a
21
x
1
+a
22
x
2
+b
2
u
2
where u
1
and u
2
are the inputs and x
1
and x
2
are the states of the system.
20
3. (a) Sketch and discuss the fabrication of a planar transistor made for monolithic integrated
circuits using epitaxy and diffusion with that of a discrete planar epitaxial transistor.
20
(b) Explain how the SCADA systems are techno economically feasible for Indian power
systems. Point out the differences between loose-coupled SCADA system and tight-coupled
SCADA system. Draw the diagrams of direct digital control system for power systems.
20
(c) The time-current characteristic of an induction-type over current relay is
C.S.E-Mains 2005
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
It is desired to determine the time of operation of a 5- ampere relay having a current setting of
125 per cent and give time-multiplier setting of 06 connected to a supply circuit through a
C.T. ratio of 400/5 amperes when the circuit carries a fault current of 4000 amperes.
20
4. (a) What minimum functions are required in a programmable device? Point out the difference
between control logic and control word with examples. Write the steps to compute the control
word, say of 8255.
20
(b) The relevant data for closed-circuit TV system is given below. Calculate the highest
modulating frequency that will be generated while scanning alternate black and white dots for
equal vertical and horizontal resolution.
20
Data: Number of lines =250,
Interlace ratio =1:1
Aspect ratio =4:3,
Picture repetition ratio =50 per second,
Resolution factor =0.8,
Vertical retrace time =10% of picture frame time,
Horizontal retrace time =20% of total line time.
(c) With the aid of a block diagram, explain the operation of FMCW radar altimeter.
20
SECTI ON B
5. Select any three of the following statements, read them carefully and identify the correct and the
incorrect ones. J ustify your answer using not more than 200 words in each case.
3 20 =60
(a) The memory mapping for the circuit shown below is 2000H to 2OFPH, assuming A
8
, A
9
, and
A
10
to be zero.
(b) Electrical isolation different elements of a monolithic integrated circuit is obtained by
creating isolation islands.
(c) In a long transmission line, the sending-end voltage is always greater than the receiving-end
voltage and this effect is known as Ferranti effect.
(d) Transmission links using optical fibres need components with specific characteristics to
fulfill the system requirements.
6. (a) (i) With a simple block diagram, explain basic swept receiver spectrum analyzer. List the
spectra of different signals applied to the spectrum analyzer for analysis.
20
(ii) Draw basic elements of a function generator and its output waveforms.
20
(b) Describe the basic elements of a PCM system.
20
(c) Calculate the apogee and perigee heights for the orbital parameters given Eccentricity =0002,
Mean Earths radius =6378 km, Mean distance to the semi-major axis =7100 km.
20
7. (a) Distinguish between (i) spontaneous and stimulated emission, (ii) step index and graded
index optical fibre.
20
(b) Bring cut the concept of TDM with a block schematic.
20
(c) A signal having a range of 300 to 3400 kHz is transmitted using binary PCM on a channel
whose bit rate is 40,000 bits per second. Design the PCM system and draw the block
diagram.
20
8. (a) Point out the advantages of frequency response studies of a system. Explain the Bode plots
for the log magnitude versus frequency and phase angle versus frequency for the complex
conjugate poles or zeros.
20
(b) Draw and briefly describe a neat diagram schematic diagram showing the components of a
bipolar point- to-point HVDC transmission system. Explain how the control of power transfer
and of power-flow direction is achieved.
20
(c) Describe microprocessor - based inverse - time over current (ITOC) relay with a neat
schematic block diagram.
20
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 winch are compulsory and three of the remaining
questions selecting at least one question from each Section.
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
1. Answer any three of the following:
(a) (i) Determine the power delivered by 6 A source.
(10)
(ii) For the circuit shown in the figure determine V
0
/I
5
using nodal analysis.
(10)
(b) (i) A partially filled truth table of a sequence generator (3-D flip-flops in cascade) is
given below. Find the sequence generated. Q
0
is LSB and Q
2
is MSB.
State Q
2
Q
1
Q
0
1 1 0
2 0
3
4 1
5 0 1
6
C C. .S S. .E E. .- -M Ma ai in n- -2 20 00 07 7
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
7 1 1
1 0 0
(ii) A D/A converter has the lowest and the highest values of resistances 1 kO and 4 kO,
respectively. If the bit-length of the converter is to be increased by 2, what would be
the number of resistors required and their values ? Draw the complete circuit of the
new converter.
(10)
(c) A 250 V, 50 hp, 1000-rpm d.c. shunt motor drives a load that requires a constant torque
regardless of the speed of operation. The armature circuit resistance is 0.04 O. When this
motor delivers rated power, the armature current is 160 A.
(i) If the flux is reduced to 70/o of its original value, find the new value of the armature
current.
(10)
(ii) What is the new speed ?
(10)
(d) (i) List the sources of noise in bipolar transistor
(10)
(ii) A 100 kc resistor is connected in parallel with a 100 pE capacitor Determine the
effective noise bandwidth and the noise voltage appearing at the terminals of the
combination at 27 C.
(10)
2. (a) (i) Solve the following difference equation by use of the z transform method:
(10)
x(k+2)+3x(k+1)+2x(k)=0, x(0) =0, x(1) =1
(ii) Obtain the inverse z transform of:
( ) ( )
3
2
2
( )
2 1
z z
X z
z z
+
=
(b) (i) For a three-phase induction motor, establish the ratio of maximum torque to full-load
torque in the form:
2
1
,
2
m T FL
FL FL
T S
T S
|
|
= where
'
2
'
2
r
x
| =
(10)
(ii) An induction motor of squirrel cage type has starting current 5 times of full-load
current and full-load slip, of 4%.
Evaluate maximum torque and corresponding slip and relation of starting torque to
full-load torque.
Assume the stator impedance and magnetising current negligible.
(10)
(c) (i) What is the essential difference in commutation performance of triac and two
thyristors connected in antiparallel ?
(8)
(ii) A battery is charged through a resistor R as shown:
If F is 220 V (rms), E
b
=100 V (dc) and R =20 O, calculate the battery charging
current and power supplied to the battery.
(12)
3. (a) (i) Write the Maxwells equation in a lossy dielectric and explain that the electric field
leads the magnetic field in time phase.
(10)
(ii) Explain the term intrinsic impedance and its value in free space.
(5)
(ii) From Maxwells equation state the significance of the term c/eo. What will be its
value for a good conductor and a good dielectric ?
(5)
(b) A three-phase 440 V, 60 Hz, star-connected eight-pole, 100-hp induction motor has the
following parameters expressed per phase:
r
1
=0.06 O, x
1
=x
2
=0.26 O
r
2
=0.048 O, r
c
=107.5 O
x
|
=8.47 O, s =0.03
The rotational losses are 1600 W. Using the approximate equivalent circuit, determine
(i) the input me current and power factor,
(ii) the efficiency.
(12 +8)
(c) (i) What are the advantages of half-controlled converters over fully-controlled
converters?
Show the output voltage waveforms for controlled and uncontrolled halves of the
converter and the resultant voltage.
(10)
(ii) The speed of a 20-hp, 220 V, 1000 rpm dc series motor is controlled by a single phase
half-controlled full wave ideal converter Series field winding and armature winding
have resistances 0.05 O and 0.12 O respectively. Input to converter is 230 V, 50 Hz
supply.
Calculate the motor torque, current and supply power factor at rated load and speed
for firing delay angle o =30. Assume motor current to be continuous and ripple free.
Residual back emf constant is 0.08 V/ rad/sec and armature current, dependent back
emf (or torque) constant is 0.04 Nm/A
2
.
(10)
4. (a) (i) Derive the condition of oscillation and the expression for the frequency of oscillations
for the circuit shown. (Use mesh analysis and Barkhausens criteria). Draw actual
oscillator circuit with one operational amplifier and minimum number of RC
elements.
(15)
(ii) The ac equivalent circuit of an N-P-N transistor circuit is shown below. Draw the
actual circuit with biasing and coupling capacitors.
(5)
(b) (i) Show that at 100% modulation index, power contained in one side band of AM
system is 1/6
th
of total power transmitted.
(10)
(ii) A standard AM transmission, sinusoidally modulated to a depth of 30/n, produces
side frequencies of 4.928 and 4.914 MHz. The amplitude of each side frequency is 75
V. Determine the amplitude and frequency of the carrier
(5)
(iii) Define conditional probability and random variable.
(5)
(c) (i) Explain tropospheric scatter propagation.
(10)
(ii) A reflex klystron operates at the peak of the n =2 mode. The dc power input is 40mW
and V
1
/V
0
=0.278. If 20% of the power delivered by the beam is dissipated in the
cavity walls, find the power delivered to the load. Assume |
1
=1 and J
1
=(1.53)
0.562.
(10)
SECTI ON B
5. Answer any Three of the following:
(a) (i) State and prove the frequency-shift theorem.
(3)
Determine the Laplace transform of f(t) shown in the figure, using the frequency-shift
theorem.
(7)
(ii) A system has impulse response e
at
. What would be the response of the system, if it is
excited by a delayed unit step function (delay =T) ?
(10)
(b) (i)
The above circuit is intended for NOT operation for input levels 0 and 10 V. Calculate
the minimum value of R for which this operation is possible. Assume h
FE
=30, V
BE
(sat)
=0.8, V
CE (sat)
=0.2 in respect of above silicon transistor.
(10)
(ii) Implement an OR gate with AND and NOT gates.
(5)
(iii) Draw a positive logic OR gate with two diodes and explain its operation.
(5)
(c) (i) Draw arid explain the speed, torque and power-time curves for a typical electrical
traction drive.
Differentiate clearly between dynamic and regenerative braking.
(10)
(ii) A 3-phase, 400 V, six-pole, 50 Hz induction motor with parameters R
S
=R
r
=1O, X
S
=X
r
=2O (referred to stator) is under regenerative braking action. Calculate (i) the
maximum overhauling torque that it can hold and the range of speed for safe
operation and (U) the speed at which it will hold the overhauling load with torque of
160 N-m.
(10)
(d) (i) List the differences between microwave transistors and transferred electron devices.
(10)
(ii) Explain the structure of IMPATT diode.
(5)
(iii) List the properties of S-parameters.
(5)
6. (a) (i) Use Thevenins theorem to replace the three-loop circuits of figure by a single-loop
equivalent circuit in which the identity of R
L
is preserved.
(10)
(ii) Find the value of R
L
so that the maximum power is consumed in it.
(10)
(b) (i) Explain principle of super-heterodyning. List the advantages of super-heterodyne
receiver over TRF receiver.
(10)
(ii) Explain PLL FM demodulator
(10)
(c) (i) A certain microstrip line has the following parameters:
c
r
=5.23, h =8 mils
t =2.8 mils, W =10 mils.
Calculate the characteristic impedance Z
0
of the line.
(10)
(ii) Compare linear broadside arrays having uniform, binomial and Dolph Tchebyscheff
distributions.
(10)
7. (a) (i) Draw the field lines and equipotential surface when a point charge is placed near an
infinite grounded conducting plane.
(10)
(ii) Derive the expression for the force between the point charge and the conductor with
the help of the above concept.
(5)
(iii) Explain the cause of polarisation in a dielectric.
(5)
(b) (i) Explain the difference between coherent and non coherent detection of ON/OFF
keying signals.
(10)
(ii) State the Carsons rule, Given that the peak deviation is 75 kHz, determine, using
Carsons rule, the bandwidths required for sinusoidal EM indexes of 0.25, 2.4, 5.5 and
7.
(10)
(c) Show that the radiation resistance of a small loop antenna is 31200 (A/
2
)
2
ohm.
(20)
8. (a) (i) Explain with the help of neat diagram, the operation of a Schmitt trigger employing
OP-AMP.
(10)
(ii) With OP-AMP draw a circuit of a unity gain amplifier having no phase shift and give
its one practical application.
(5)
(iii) Draw the circuit of a two input adder with OP-AMP and explain its operation.
(5)
(b) (i) Transformer is a constant-flux machine. J ustify.
(10)
(ii) Explain logically why primary current increases when secondary side is loaded.
(5)
(iii) Derive a condition for maximum efficiency of a transformer
(5)
(c) An ideal chopper operating with a chopping period of 2 m sec is supplying a load of 5 O
resistance with inductance of 10 mHenry, from a battery of 100 volts. Assume the shunt
diode to provide perfect commutation. Determine the load current waveform for the ratio
T
OFF/ON
=1/4 and average value of load voltage.
(20)
P PA AP PE ER R - - I I I I
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining
questions selecting at least one question from each Section.
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N A A
1. Answer any THREE of the following:
(3 x 20 =60)
(a) Hicks clinical thermometer measures human body temperature. The instruction is to wait for
half-a-minute before taking the reading. Is it because the measuring system is a:
(i) zero order system with a pure time delay of hall-a- minute ?
(ii) first order system with a time constant greater than half-a-minute ?
(iii) first order system with a time constant equal to half-a-minute ?
(iv) first order system with a time constant less than half-a-minute ?
J ustify your answer.
(20)
(b) Enumerate the different kinds of head type flow meters used in the industry. What kinds of
restrictions are placed in the flow path for flow measurement? Develop the relationship
between flow and pressure differential from physical principles.
Why is it that a rotameter is considered a standard in flow measurement ?
(20)
(c) Give a brief account of application of computers in the study, analysis and control of power
systems.
(20)
(d) Colour sub-carrier (3.58 MHz tar FCC standard and 4.43 MHz for CUR standard) is chosen
as some odd multiple of one-half of line frequency. J ustify the statement.
(20)
2. (a) What is the difference between a microcomputer and a micro-process ? What type of data is
stored in the memory of a microcomputer ? How much memories can a typical 8-bit micro-
process access? What are the condition flags and why are they important ? Write the
advantage of the indexed address mode compared to the direct addressing mode. Draw the
time diagram of out instruction for 8085 micro-process.
(20)
(b) A constant load of 330 MW is supplied by two 250 MW generators, 1 and 2, for which the
respective incremental fuel costs are:
C C. .S S. .E E. .- -M Ma ai in n- -2 20 00 07 7
E EL LE EC CT TR RI I C CA AL L E EN NG GI I N NE EE ER RI I N NG G
1
1
1
0.12 22,
dF
P
dP
= + and
2
2
2
0.10 16
dF
P
dP
= +
with powers P n MW and costs F in Rs./hr Determine:
(i) most economic operating schedule of the generators, and
(ii) the saving in Rs./hr. thereby obtained compared to equal load sharing between them.
(20)
(c) Explain the sea waves phenomena and vortex motion of waves. Discuss the principles of two
possible devices used for generating electrical energy from the wave energy. Draw the block
diagram from wave energy device to utility grid. Write the relation for the potential power in
terms of height of wave and its time period. If the time period of a wave is 10 secs having
height 7 meters, estimate the power that can be generated.
(20)
3. (a) How is the surface layer of silicon dioxide formed ? How thick is this layer ? What are the
reasons for forming the silicon dioxide layer?
(20)
(b) A 25 MVA, 11 kV generator has
1 2
0.2 Z Z j pu = = and
0
0.05 Z j pu = . For a line-to-ground
fault on the generator terminals, find:
(i) the fault current and
(ii) the line-to-line voltages during the fault condition.
Assume that the generator neutral is solidly grounded and that the generator is operating at no
load and at rated voltage at the time of occurrence of fault. Compare this fault current with
the line current for a three-phase fault at the terminals.
(20)
(c) (i) A power transformer is connected in /A fashion. Draw the arrangement of the
current transformers (CTs) on either side of the transformer for Merz-Price circulating
current protection.
(ii) A distribution transformer is to be protected by over- current relays against all kinds
of fault. List the different kinds of fault and suggest the minimum number of over-
current relays required. How would those over-current relays be placed in the circuit ?
(iii) How would one protect a direct-on-line (DOL) start induction motor against
overload? Explain your choice.
(20)
4. (a) Discuss the physics of piezo-electric phenomena. Draw the equivalent circuit of a piezo-
electric transducer and derive the output voltage, V
out
of transducer with applied force F.
Point out the four materials which exhibit the piezo-electric phenomena. Also write its
applications.
A piezo-electric pressure transducer having a charge sensitivity of 2 x 10
12
C/N is connected
to a charge amplifier, the gain being set to 5 mV/pC. The amplifier output is connected to an
ultraviolet chart recorder whose sensitivity is set to 25 mm/volt. Determine the overall
sensitivity.
(20)
(b) With the aid of a block schematic, describe the functioning of the receiving unit of a DBS
TV/FM receiving system intended for home reception.
(c) Consider an optical fiber with refractive index of the core 1.8 and of cladding 1.7; calculate:
(i) Critical angle
(ii) Acceptance angle
(iii) Brewster angle
(iv) Numerical aperture.
(20)
S SE EC CT TI I O ON N B B
5. Answer any THREE of the following:
(3x20=60)
(a) What do you understand by dielectric films? State any two dielectric film material and point
out their important properties and applications. Explain
(i) the orientation polarization,
(ii) electronic polarization; and
(iii) ionic polarization referred to polyatomic gas.
Discuss the effect of frequency on electronic polarization and ionic polarization. What is
electronegative gases? State the important features of SF6 and its applications.
(20)
(b) Find the gain and approximate input impedance of the accompanying circuit. What is its
bandwidth? What is this circuit called and for what purpose it is used as instrumentation ?
Analyze the following three Op-Amp based instrumentations amplifier and find its gain.
What is its approximate input impedance ?
Assume that the Op-Amps are ideal.
(20)
(c) Explain why it is more difficult to interrupt short-circuit current in an HVDC circuit than that
in an HVAC circuit.
(20)
(d) In a certain communication system, the message is coded into binary digits 0 and 1. After
coding, the probability of a 0 being sent is 0.45, while the probability of a 1 being sent is
0.55. In the communication channel, the probability of a transmitted 0 being converted into a
1 at the receiver is 0.1, while the probability of a 1 being distorted into a 0 is 0.2. Find:
(i) the probability that a received 0 was transmitted as a 0, and
(ii) the probability that a received I was transmitted as a 1.
(20)
6. (a)
1 0 0.375 0
0 1 0.375 0
1 1 1 1
x x u
( (
( (
= +
( (
( (
Given that the above is a linear time-invariant (LTI) system, how would you check the
stability of the system ? If there is an unstable mode in the system, is it controllable? If the
unstable mode is controllable shift it to a stable position, say =0.5, by state feedback.
(20)
(b) What are the design considerations for layering in data networks ? Discuss a seven-layer
network architecture with a diagram.
(23)
(c) Why and to what degree do optical signals get degraded as they propagate along a fiber ?
Discuss in detail.
(23)
7. (a) Which I/O technique provides the highest data transfer rate ? Explain the function of DMA.
Draw the block diagram of a DMA controller with memory interfacing. What is meant by
simultaneous DMA ? List three different DMA modes for transferring data. How is the DMA
controller is programmed ? Are special buffers required when interfaces a DMA controller ?
(20)
(b) A radar receiver has a low noise RF amplifier of noise figure 6 dB and gain 20 dB followed
by a mixer of noise figure 6 dB and conversion loss of 6 dB. If the noise figure of IF pre-
amplifier is 3 dB with a gain of 26 dB and that of IF main amplifier is 10 dB, obtain the noise
figure of the receiver and its noise temperature.
(20)
(c) Draw the waveform at the end of one of the vertical fields, showing a horizontal and a
vertical blanking pulse. Indicate the duration and relative amplitudes of two pulses and
explain their functions. Where are synchronizing pulses placed? Does it matter that there are
no horizontal blanking purses during vertical blanking period ?
(23)
8. (a) A Wheatstone bridge has resistances R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, and R
4
in its four arms. The bridge is excited
by E volts dc. Assuming that the ratio of arms R
1
and R
2
are equal, the bridge is initially
balanced with R
3
equal to R
4
. A slight unbalance (R
3
AR
3
) is created by R
3
. Show that the
unbalance voltage, V
0
, is directly proportional to (AR
3
/R
3
) as long (AR
3
/R
3
) <<1.
What is the condition for maximizing the sensitivity ?
(20)
(b) The figure below shows a generator-transformer unit feeding 1.0 pu power to the infinite bus
through a double-circuit transmission line with the generator terminal voltage of V
1
=1.0 pu.
Compute the generator e.m.f. behind transient reactance. Also find the maximum power that
can be transferred when
(i) the system is operating under healthy condition,
(ii) one line is shorted (three-phase) in the middle, and
(iii) one line is open.
(20)
(c) What do you understand by energy conservation ? What is the economics of energy
conservation ? Point out the strategic measures for energy conservation.
Show that for a given load current I, if power factor is improved from 0.7 to 0.9, the useful
power can be enhanced by 28.6% of the existing system. Comment on the losses due to
power factor improvement.
(20)
Serial No. [
(}4)
EXAM20 12
FDTNMFM FA
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PaperI
(Time Allowed Three Hours
(Maximum Marks 300)
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English.
Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to
you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided
for the purpose. No marks will be given for the answers written in a medium other than
that specified in the Admission Certificate.
Candidates should attempt Question Nos. I and 5 which are compulsory, and any
three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question.
Assume suitable data if considered necessary and indicate the same clearly.
Symbols/Notations carry their usual meanings, unless otherwise indicated.
2 Graph sheets are attached to this question-paper for appropriate use. These are to be
carefully detached and then securely attached to the answer-book.
Important : Whenever a Question is being attempted, all its parts/sub-parts must
be attempted contiguously. This means that before moving on to the next Question
to be attempted, candidates must finish attempting all parts/sub-parts of the previous
Question attempted. This is to be strictly followed.
Pages left blank in the answer-book are to be clearly struck out in ink. Any answers
that follow pages left blank may not be given credit.
9477 : ar--prft wr @it twrd< fito 783 YT ow
O
SECTIONA
1. (a) Determine the transmission matrix for the circuit shown and explain why open circuit
impedance parameters can not be defined for this circuit. 12
i
+
z
'2
4
V
2
VI
[1
(b) Using duality property show that the Fourier transform of
1+j2nt
is equal to
et u(-0 where u(t) is the unit step. 12
(c) A continuous time signal is given by
x(t) = A cos (8000 nt) cos (2000 nt)
The signal is sampled with a sample period of 3x10 seconds. Can we recover the
signal from the sampled version using an appropriate low pass filter ? 12
(d) A lossless transmission line having a length of 100 metre is terminated by a resistive
load of 200 ohms. It is fed by a generator of voltage ZO volts and has impedance
100 ohms. If characteristic impedance of the line is 300 ohms, calculate the transmission
loss and return loss in decibels. 12
(e) Assuming ideal op-amps, determine the expression for the input impedance of the
given circuit and a simple passive equivalent of the circuit looking into terminal .
12
2 (Contd.)
0
2. (a) Show that there can be no value of RL in the circuit given in Fig. that will make it
resonant.
20
Fig.
(b) A system consists of two blocks connected in cascade. The first block has impulse
response hi (t) = 2u(t). The second block is shown below :
L
O
(b
6
b6 )
0 0
Input
Output
O
Find the impulse response of the overall system using the relation
h(t) = hi (t) * h2(t).
20
(c) Determine the output current of the Widlar current source; given that V = 15 volts,
= 10-14 amp., p = 200, VT = 25 mV.
20
+v
-v
4
O
(Contd.)
120
Ro
Ito
C2
3. (a) (i) Find Y and Z parameters for the following circuit :
(ii) State Tellegen's theorem for network analysis.
20
(b) A particular lossless material has 12 = 4 and e
r = 9. A 10 MHz uniform plane
wave is propagating in the ay direction with E
x
o
)1 0
= 400 V/m and E = Ego = 0 at
P(0.6, 0.6, 0.6) at t = 60 ns.
Determine :-
(i) 13, A., vp and ri
(ii) E(t)
(iii) 1-1(0.
20
(c) Figure shows a sinusoidal oscillator. By an appropriate analysis, determine the condition
of oscillation and frequency of oscillation in terms of circuit elements assuming ideal
op-amps.
20
6
(Contd.)
4. (a) The block diagram of a discrete time L TI system is given below :
Determine the transfer function H(z).
20
(b) A 50 ohm lossless line connects a matched signal of 100 kHz to a load of 100 ohm.
L oad power is 100 mW. Estimate :
(i) Voltage reflection coefficient of load.
(ii) VSWR of the load.
(iii) Position of first
Vn-un
and V .
max
(iv) Impedance at Vmm and Vmax and values of Vmax and Vmm.
Define the terms Attenuation loss, Reflection loss, Transmission loss, Return loss
and Insertion loss.
20
(c) Explain the operation of the given circuit by sketching relevant waveforms assuming
that positive and negative saturation levels of output voltage of the op-amp comparator
are +
Vsati
and V
sat2
respectively and are not equal. Determine an expression for the
frequency of the generated output voltage.
20
K
8
(Contd.)
SECTIONB
5. (a) Show how a D flip-flop can be converted to SR flip-flop. 12
(b) Convert decimal 65,535 to its hexadecimal and binary. 12
(c) A 2-pole full pitch concentrated coil of n turns is placed in the stator of an electric
machine in two slots diagonally opposite to each other. A permanent magnet 2-pole
rotor is rotating at N rpm producing a flux per pole 4) with its flux density sinusoidally
varying in space in the airgap. At time t = 0 rotor field axis is in line with the stator
coil axis. Write an expression for the flux linking the stator coil as a function of time.
Derive from this expression the r.m.s. value of the voltage induced in the stator coil.
Draw the waveform of flux linkage and voltage generated. Write expression for frequency
of voltage in terms of speed. 12
(d) Draw the simplified circuit diagram for a voltage step-up DC-converter and show that
when duty cycle is zero, the output of DC-converter is equal to source voltage whereas
DC voltage is infinity if the duty cycle is unity. 12
(e) Evaluate whether the following function given by expression
0 for x<2
(3+2x) for 2 x 4
18
= 0 for x >4
is a probability density function (PDF). 12
6. (a) Indicate how many flip-flops are required to construct each of the following counters :
(i) mod-3
(ii) mod 6
(iii) mod-9. 20
(b) Two winding 10 kVA, 500/50 V transformer is converted to an auto-transformer to
obtain the rating of :
(i) 550/50 V,
(ii) 500/550 V, and
(iii) 500/450 V.
Compute the kVA rating of auto transformer for the above connections, VA transferred
conductivity and magnetically. 20
(c) (i) Consider a superhet receiver with fL e = f +ft1, fiF = 455 kHz, f = 2 MHz.
The RF amplifier is preceded by a first order RL C band pass filter with
f = 2 MHz and B = 0.5 MHz. Assume the IFBPF is nearly ideal and mixer has
0
unity gain. What is the minimum spurious frequency input rejection ratio in dB ?
fx(x) =
10
0
(Contd.)
(ii) If the above receiver has a L O with a second harmonic whose voltage level is half
that of the fundamental component, determine what input frequencies will be
accepted and at what power level in dB as compared to the correct input. 20
7. (a) What would be the binary address for a memory system having a capacity of 1024 bits.
For the above memory system, what is the decimal address for the binary address
1011001101 ? What is the address in hexadecimal ? 20
(b) (i) Explain with diagram the soft starting of induction motor to start from zero
speed to rated speed. Briefly compare with a star-delta starter used for the same
purpose.
(ii) A 3-phase, 4-pole 50 Hz induction motor is controlled by a variable frequency
inverter that maintains the ratio of voltage to frequency across the motor constant.
Torque-speed curve in stable region is a straight line. It has a maximum torque of
2 p.u. and slip speed at maximum torque at all frequency is constant at 150 rpm.
Draw a family of Torque speed characteristics (on a graph paper) at 10, 20, 30, 40
& 50 Hz with usual assumptions. It is driving a load whose torque is directly
proportional to speed giving rated torque at 50 Hz. Graphically calculate speeds
at all the above frequencies.
20
(c) (i) In an FM system, when the audio frequency (AF) is 500 Hz and AF voltage is
2.4 V, the deviation is 4.8 kHz. If the AF voltage is now increased to 7.2 V, what
is the new deviation ? If the AF voltage is raised to 10 V while AF is dropped to
200 Hz, what is the deviation ? Evaluate modulation index in each case.
(ii) If x(t) = cos 200 in, determine AM transmission bandwidth Bi and
average transmitted power ST for the AM modulated signal assuming Ae = 10 and
(modulation index) = 0.6.
What will be the values of B
T
and S
F
in the case of DSB transmission ? 20
8. (a) A d.c. shunt motor is driving a constant torque load. If the voltage across the motor is
halved explain how the armature current and speed would be changed. 20
(b) A 11 kV dc source having internal resistance of 1 ohm supplies 600 A to a 5 kV,
3 phase, 6-pulse 50 Hz inverter. Compute the :
(i) reactive power absorbed by the inverter,
(ii) effective value of the ac line current,
(iii) the required firing angle,
(iv) dc voltage generated by the inverter, and
(v) dc current carried by each SCR.
20
12
(Contd.)
0
(c) (i) A commercial FM radio station alternates between music and talk show/call in
formats. The broadcasted CD music is band limited to 15 kHz based on convention.
Assuming D (deviation ratio) = 5 is used for both music and voice, what percentage
of the available transmission bandwidth is used during the talk show if we take
W = 5 kHz for voice signals ?
(ii) An AM system with envelope detection has (S/N)D = 30 dB under full load
tone modulation condition with W = 8 kHz. If all bandwidths are increased
accordingly, while other parameters are held fixed, what is the largest usuable
value of W ?
20
14
0
(Contd.)
Z
SI. No
F-DTN-M-FMFB
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PaperII
Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in Hindi
and in English.
Answers must be written in the mediumspecified in the
Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated
clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space
provided for the purpose. No marks will be given for the
answers written in a mediumother than that specified in
the Admission Certificate.
Candidates should attempt Question Nos. 1 and 5, which
are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions
selecting at least one question fromeach Section.
All questions carry equal marks.
Marks assigned to each part of the question are indicated at
the end of the respective part.
Assume suitable data, if considered necessary and indicate
the same clearly.
Symbols/notations carry usual meanings, unless otherwise
indicated.
Important Note :
Whenever a question is being attempted,
all its parts/sub-parts must be attempted contiguously. This
means that before moving on to the next question to be
attempted, candidates must finish attempting all parts/
sub-parts of the previous question attempted. This is to be
strictly followed.
Pages left blank in the answer-book are to be clearly struck
out in ink. Any answers that follow pages left blank may not
be given credit.
tm : ar srl fr-t rYVcV.fit4 p4-crq rcr-o- ovr ti
SectionA
1. (a) Identify the correctness of the following
statements. Justify your answers :
(i) The root locus gives idea about
system's transient behaviour. 3
(ii) For an inherently stable second-
order system, all the coefficients of
characteristic equation are of the
same sign. 4
(iii) A critically damped system has
sustained oscillations. 3
(b) (i) In 8085 microprocessor, what is
the advantage of multiplexing the
address bus with a data bus?
5
(ii) Write an assembly level program of
8085 microprocessor to exchange
the contents of DE register pair
with that of HL register pair, using
only PUSH-POP instructions.
5
(c) (i) The transfer function of a thermo-
couple relating output voltage to
temperature is given by
0625 x10-4 V
s + 0 125 C
Put the transfer function in
standard format and find the values
of characterising parameters of the
thermocouple.
F-DTN-M-FMFB/12 2
Determine the thermocouple output
voltage at t =
8 s, when the thermo-
couple kept at ambient temperature
of 20 C at t =
0 s is taken to a water
bath kept at 80 C.
3+4=7
(ii)
Comment upon `linearity' and
`sensitivity' of thermistors in
comparison to thermocouples.
2
(iii)
Why is 'lead wire compensation' not
required for thermistors?
1
(d) (i)
What is the impedance of the ideal
load connected to an HVAC trans-
mission line?
2
(ii)
What is the nature of the load of an
HVAC transmission line by itself,
capacitive or inductive?
2
(iii)
Which electrical quantity measures
the magnitude of electrical load
in a system? What is generally
the nature of the load current,
capacitive or inductive, in the
power system?
2
(iv)
Under which condition is the
receiving-end voltage higher than
the sending-end voltage in a trans-
mission line? Explain with the help
of a phasor diagram.
4
(e)
Describe the essential features of
protective relay.
10
F-DTN-M-FMFB/ 12
4
(t) N
A binary PCM system uses a
uniform quantizer and an 8-bit
binary encoder. If the bit rate is
100 Mb/s, what is the maximum
bandwidth for which the system
operates satisfactorily? Determine
the output signal to quantization
ratio when full-load sinusoidal
modulating wave of frequency
1 MHz is applied to the input.
5
(ii)
A discrete memoryless source is
described by the alphabet
X = I x1, x2, , x81 and the corre-
sponding probability vector
P = {0.2, 012, 0.06, 0.15, 0.07, 0.1, 013, 0-17}
Design a Huffman code for this
source; find L, the average code-
word length for the Huffman code;
and determine the efficiency of
the code.
5
2. (a) For the control system, shown in the
following figure, determine the steady-
state error for a unit step input in terms
of K and K1, where E (s) = R (s) - C (s).
Determine the value of K1, when steady-
state error is zero :
20
R(s)> Ki kr>
K
s(s+10)(s+12)
C(s)
F-DTN-M-FMFB/ 12 6
(b)
A three-phase, 66 kV/ 11 kV transformer
is connected in star/delta. The trans-
former is protected by Merz-Price
circulating current system. Protecting
current transformers on the low-voltage
side have a ratio of 250/5. Find the
ratio of the current transformer on the
high-voltage side.
20
(c) For 8085 microprocessor, explain the
CALL instruction, showing the details of
main memory and stack.
20
3. (a)
(i)
Draw power triangles showing the
three types of power and their units
for
(1)
inductive loads;
(2)
capacitive loads.
10
(ii)
A single-phase, 240 V a.c. voltage
is applied to a series circuit whose
impedance is 10Z60 Q. Find
R, X, P
and Q,
and also the power factor of
the circuit.
10
(b)
The equivalent model of a piezoelectrical
crystal is shown below :
Derive the transfer function relating
output voltage (17,) to input
displacement
(x,).
Arrange it in
standard form and identify the
F-DTN-M-FMFB/ 12
8
expression for characterising para-
meters. The charge developed in
piezoelectric crystal is related to
xi
by a constant kg.
10
(ii) "Piezoelectric transducers cannot
be used to measure static
displacement." Comment upon the
statement. State the reason based
on the transfer function derived in
Part (Q.
2
(iii)
If the lower range of frequency
for displacement measurement is
5 kHz with 5% inaccuracy, what is
the lower range of frequency for
2% inaccuracy?
8
(c) (i) Explain ASK, FSKand PSK
modulation schemes used for
transmitting the data. Draw clearly
the block diagram for coherent
detection and non-coherent detec-
tion of FSKmodulation scheme.
10
(ii)
A (6, 3) systematic linear block
code encodes the information
sequence X = (x1, x2, x3) into code
word C= (c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6) such
that c4 is a parity check on c1 and
c2
, to make the overall parity even,
i.e., c1 8 c2 S c4 = 0. Similarly c5 is
a parity check on c2 and c3, and c6
is a parity check on
c1 and c3.
(1) Determine the generator matrix
of this code.
F-DTN-M-FMFB/12 10
(2) Find the parity check matrix for
this code.
(3) Using the parity check matrix,
determine the minimum
distance of this code.
(4) How many errors of this code
are capable of correcting?
10
4. (a) (1) Under which different conditions a
generator or a number of generators
together may lose synchronism or
fall out of step in an inter-
connected power system? Explain
in brief.
10
(ii) Relating the torque angle and
the rotor angular displacement
(electrical) of a synchronous
generator, derive the 'swing
equation' taking into consideration
the inertia constant of the machine.
Make suitable assumptions. 10
(b) For an 8085 microprocessor, write an
assembly level program to transfer the
contents of the stack pointer register
to the output ports A 0 and Al. Write
comments with selected instructions. 20
(c) (i) Some control systems have more
than one inputs applied at different
points in the system. How do we
find the response of such systems,
using block diagram algebra?
Illustrate your answer with the help
of a simple example.
10
F-DTN-M-FMFB/ 12 12
(ii)
For the block diagram representation
of the figure shown below, determine
the system characteristic equation.
Is the system represented by this
block diagram stable?
10
R(s)
C(s)
SectionB
5. (a) (i)
What are the limitations of Routh,
Hurwitz and continued fraction
stability criteria when used for
determining system stability? What
is Nyquist analysis? Where is this
technique used?
6
(ii)
Why are integral and derivative
controllers not used in practice?
(b)
Can the 8085 microprocessor be
interrupted before completion of
existing Interrupt Service Subroutine
(ISS)? Justify your answer.
10
(c)
(i)
Draw the basic circuit of an analog
series ohmmeter to measure an
unknown resistance
R.
3
(ii) If the standard resistance and
meter resistance add up to 20 162,
and the battery is of 2.0 V,
determine the instrument indication,
when R, = 0 12.
2
4
FDTNMFMFB/ 12 14
(iii)
What would be the resistance
value marked for 0.5 FSD(full-scale
deflection)?
2
(iv)
What component should be
connected and in which way to take
care of falling battery voltage?
1
(v)
When each time ohmmeter is used,
what adjustment is recommended
for accurate measurement?
2
(d) (i)
Define an electrical power grid in
one sentence. How is it achieved?
2
(ii)
Write four main advantages of the
electrical power grid system.
2
(iii)
What is the purpose of installing a
`reactor' at a suitable location on a
long high-voltage a.c. transmission
line?
2
(iv)
Write the full form of FACTS.
2
(v)
What are the advantages of
`reactive power control' installed
on the transmission lines?
2
(e)
What is circuit breaker rating? Explain
the rated making capacity of a circuit
breaker.
5+5=10
F-DTN-M-FMFB/ 12 16
(t) (0
A convolutional encoder is given in
the figure below :
(1)
Find the impulse response of
the encoder.
(2)
Find the output code word if
the input sequence is all 1's
(111111 ).
5
(ii)
Determine the channel capacity of
band-limited waveform AWGN
channel with an input power
constraint.
5
6. (a) (i)
What are the basic elements of a
static relay? Describe the function
of each element.
12
(ii)
What are the advantages of static
overcurrent relays over the electro-
magnetic form?
8
(b)
Draw a block schematic of an 8255-
programmable parallel I/O device,
showing all elements and control word
format. For mode 0 (simple input and
output), determine the addresses of its
ports and of the control register. Write
a control word in the control register,
when port A = output, port C
u = output,
port B = input and port C
L = input. 20
F-DTN-M-FMFB/12
18
(c)
For the block diagram shown in the
figure below, find the overall transfer
function of the system. Verify the same,
using signal-flow graph analysis :
20
R( s)
C(s)
7. (a) (1)
Draw the circuit diagram for a single
line to ground fault on an unloaded
Y-connected generator with its
neutral grounded through reactance.
Also draw the connection for three
symmetrical component sequence
networks for this case showing the
currents and voltages.
10
(ii)
A synchronous generator rated at
100 MVA, 20 kV has
X" = X2 =20%
and X0
= 5%. Its neutral is
grounded through a reactor of
0.32 Q. The generator is operating
at rated voltage without load and
is disconnected from the system
when a single phase to ground
fault occurs at its terminals. Find
the sub-transient current in the
faulted phase.
10
(b) (i)
Draw the neat sketch of OSI model.
What is the significance of data link
layer? Explain the flow-control and
error-control mechanism.
10
F-DTN-M-FMFB/ 12 20
(ii)
Compute the CRC-4 character for
the following message, using a
modified divisor constant of 10011 :
10
1100 0110 1011 01
(c)
The a.c. bridge circuit shown below
is used to measure the excitation
frequency of the source and the
resistance Rx
connected in arm
CD
of the bridge. Arm
AB
is parallel
combination of R1 and C1, arm BC is
fixed resistor R2
, arm AD
is serial
combination of R
4 and C4 :
(i)
Find the expression for the
unknown resistance R
x
at balance. 5
(ii)
Find the expression for unknown
excitation frequency (w) at balance.
5
(iii) If Rl = 200 12, C1 =1 t.tF, R2
= 400 E2,
0.5 and RQ= 2, find the value
C4
Rl
of R,
in kE2 and frequency of
excitation in kHz.
10
F-DTN-M-FMFB/
12
22
8.
(a) What is the importance of testing of a
circuit breaker? Explain different tests
carried out to prove the ability of a
circuit breaker.
8+12=20
(b) (i)
Bring out the salient points of
relation between DM and DPCM.
Draw the block diagram of delta
modulator and demodulator.
8
(ii)
Find the capacity of an additive
white Gaussian noise channel with
a bandwidth 1 MHz, power 10 W
and noise power spectral density
No
=10
-9
W/Hz
6
2
(iii) Explain cyclic codes.
6
(c)
The circuit given below is made by
three ideal operational amplifiers
(op-amp)
(i) Identify the name of the circuit.
Comment upon its CMRRin
comparison to op-amp.
2
F-DTN-M-FMFB/12
24
(ii)
Find the expressions for voltages at
points , , @, and O.
10
(iii) If Vl = 5 V and V
2 = 5.05 V and
lie
(voltage at point C)) is 5 V, find
the ratio of
R
and
Rr,
=, when
Ry R1
overall gain is divided in the ratio of
10 : 1 between first and second
stage of the circuit.
8
F-DTN-M-FMFB/ 12
26