CONSCIOUSNESS CAN REDUCE THE VOLTAGE OF THE OUTPUT SIGNAL OF SOLAR CELLS Doyong Cao, Beijing Natural Providence

Science
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DIRECTED STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION TRIX Andreina Parisi-Amon, Widya Mulyasasmita, and Sarah C. Heilshom, Stanford University

IN 3D PROTEIN-BASED

MA-

Technology Development Co., Ltd

Cnetv! Wong Po Foo, Michael I Longaker

In this tested experiment, the experimenter (author), at some distance away, used his own consciousness to change the original data of the output signals (such as V (open-circuit voltage), I (short circuit current) and V-I characteristic (voltage c~rrent characteristic)) of the solar cell. For the first time, consciousness could change the photoelectric signal outside the body. The experiment was conducted during Oct 2002-Mar 2003. When the sun's light radiate on the solar cell, the solar cell can produce the output signal as the photocurrent. We use the Data Acquisition Modules to record the voltage of the output signals. The Vl is voltage of the output signal of solar celh: The V2 is the one of solar cellz. And these two solar cells stay side by side. When we record the voltage of the output signal from the morning to the noon, the voltage of the output signals will go up, and the Vl is bigger than the V2 during this time. But when the experimenter use consciousness to reduce the voltage of the output signals. That is to say: not only natural light ratiade on two solar cells, but also consciousness act on two solar cells. Not only I can use consciousness to reduce the growth voltage of the output signals, but also can change the Vl to be littler than the V2. The experiment was conducted on Sep. 2010. So consciousness can change the voltage of the output signal of solar cell. There is the physical system of the mass, energy, space and time-MEST; There is the spirited system of the mind, consciousness, emotion and desire-MECD; the real information system is the code system. We can use the new knowledge to development our life.

CONTACT-SENSITIZERS DlAG NOSTIC TOOLS

RELEASE CRYPTIC EPITOPES-

NEW IN VITRO

Sofia I. Andersson, University of Gothenburg

Background: Affecting 15-20% of the' Western world population, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the most prevalent form of human immunotoxicity. It is caused by topical exposure to small chemical compounds, i.e. haptens. The growing list of compounds that cause ACD comprises -jAOOO substances. In 1935, the key step in sensitization was proposed to be the formation of an immunogenic hapten-protein complex (HPC)_Until now, these HPCs have been eluslve. Here, organic caged fluorophores, which are also haptens, have been deployed to pinpoint the hapten targets in human skin and in cultured hu- . man keratinocytes. The ultimate objective was to find a basis for an evidencebased in vitro test for allergenic potency. There is a ban on in vivo testing of cosmetic products in the EU since 2009 and an upcoming ban on marketing animal tested cosmetic products in 2013. Thus, the need for an in vitro assay is urgent. Methods: Tissue imaging using confocal and two-photon microscopy. Identification of hapten targets with SDS-PAGE,western blot and nano-LC-MS/ MS. Imaging of cells exposed to haptens using confocal microscopy and conventional light microscopy. Circulating antibodies in sera were investigated with ELISA. Results: Keratin 5 and 14 (K5 and K14) in basal keratinocytes were found to be hapten targets. Especially cysteine 54 (C54) in K5 was targeted to a large extent. The same targets were found in blebs (membrane vesicles) expelled from apoptotic keratinocytes upon exposure to haptens. The blebs contain cryptic epitopes, l.e. haptenated K5 and K14, and drop below the basement membrane where they are devoured by dendritic cells and their contents presented to the immune system. Antibodies against K14 were found in sera of mice topically exposed to haptens. No anti-Kiz, antibodies were found in untreated mice, or in mice subjected to the irritant SDS. The normal apoptotic clearance of keratinocytes, with expulsion of blebs containing keratins, has been known for a long time. However, its implications in ACD have not been considered. None of the bleb samples showed fragments ofK14 corresponding to the VEMD/A cleavage site. As part of the normal clearance mechanism in apoptosis, K14 is cleaved by caspases and packed into blebs for destruction. A previously unknown function of haptens could therefore be the prevention of the normal apoptotic processes. Thus, haptenation would result in the lack of cleavage by proteases and thereby cause neoepitope formation. A relationship between the intensity ofthe blebbing response of keratinocytes and allergenic potency of haptens was also found. Conclusions: In this study, the first confirmed epitope in ACD is presented. The findings indicate a new mechanism in ACDwhere it is keratinocytes that set the immune response in motion through release of cryptic epitopes in blebs. The amount of blebs-was found to be related to the allergenic potency of the hapten. Through this fundamental understanding of the pathway in sensitization, evidence-based in vitro tests to replace animal models can be developed.

Background: Stem cell transplantation holds tremendous potential for the treatment of a range of trauma and diseases. Development of such therapies is currently limited by poor and unpredictable post-transplantation cell survival due to the harsh nature of the injury site. Hydrogels are considered ideal scaffolds to aid in "protected" transplantation. However, commercially available hydrogels often require non-physiological pH or temperature triggers for gelation, potentially damaging cells during encapsulation. To address this, we have designed a novel family of protein hydrogels: Mixture-Induced TwoComponent Hydrogels (MITCH) that are recombinantly engineered to undergo gelation upon mixing under physiological conditions. MITCH enable simple, biocompatible cell encapsulation and transplantation protocols. The design allows for tuning of hydrogel modulus, permitting optimization for different cell types. Methods: MITCHtransition from viscous solutions to gels by mixing two components that self-assemble via physical interactions. Cells for encapsulation are pre-mixed with the first component and distributed evenly in the gel upon mixing with the second component. Cells are cultured within the gels in growth or differentiation media. Cell viability, proliferation, distribution and differentiation are assessed using metabolic activity and DNA quantification assays, immunocytochemistry, and confocal imaging. Microrheology is used to measure moduli and to explore gel properties upon injection. Results: MITCH are reproducible cell encapsulation and scaffold systems, supporting growth and uniform 3D distribution of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), rat neural stem cells (rNSCs), rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), and human endothelial cells (hECs)_Viability of hASCs immediately post-encapsulation is 97 2%. Cultured in osteogenic differentiation media, hASCs take on the morphological appearance of osteoblasts. Encapsulated and differentiated rNSCs stain positive for Map2 and GFAP,indicating neuronal and glial cells, respectively. These cells adopt 3D-branched morphologies with elongated dendrites extending over 100 11m. Microrheology experiments confirm gelation upon mixing to produce moduli ranging from -10 Pa to -50 Pa, dependent on the choice of molecular recognition binding partners. Microrheology also showed that gels undergo thinning to become viscous upon application of shear force, and gels re-form post injection, exemplifying their self-healing nature.Conclusions: Investigations with MITCH show that the use of molecular recognition binding domains in hydrogels is an effective strategy for cell encapsulation in physiological conditions. The controlled differentiation of relevant cell types, tunability of viscoelastic properties, and injectability make MITCH promising as suitable materials for an array of experimental and clinical cell encapsulation applications for stem cell-based technologies.

HIGH LEVELS OF THE MPSl CHECKPOINT PROTEIN ARE PROTECTIVE IN ANEUPLOID BREAST CANCER CELLS Jewel Amethyst Daniel, Jonathon Coulter, Kathleen Wilsbach, JuHyung Woo and Edward Gabrielson, Johns Hopkins University
Most human cancers are aneuploid and have chromosomal instability, which contrasts to the inability of human cells to normally tolerate aneuploidy. Noting that aneuploidy in human breast cancer correlates with increased expression levels of the MPSl checkpoint gene, we investigated whether these high levels of MPSl contribute to the ability of breast cancer cells to tolerate this aneuploidy. RNAi used to reduce Mpsllevels in cultured human breast cancer cells resulted in aberrant mitoses, induction of apoptosis, and decreased ability of human breast cancer cells to grow as xenografts in nude mice. Remarkably, breast cancer cells that survive reductions in levels of MPSl have relatively less aneuploidy, as measured by copies of specific chromosomes and karyotyping, compared to cells that have constitutively high levels of MpSl. Thus, high levels of MPSl in breast cancer cells likely function to allow these cells to tolerate aneuploidy,

IDENTIFICATION OF GENES RELATED TO REGULATION AND OPERATION OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN THE GENOME OF THE PLANT PATHOGEN CRYPHONECTRIA PARASITICA Gloricelys Rivera, New Mexico State University
Circadian rhythms are endogenous cellular clocks that modulate molecular and physiological functions in most organisms. Within the fungi, Neurospora

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Abstracts

AAAS ANNUAL MEETING ~ 17-21

FEBRUARY 2011