Adam Nieto Topic 11: Homework Questions 1-6 Exercise Questions:

9/11/13 Stiso, Period 1/2

1) What is the uncertainty range in the measuring cylinder in the close up photo below? (See book for reference) The uncertainty would be 0.5 cm3 because the scale on the measuring cylinder is 1 cm3 divisions. The estimated value is half the division so it would be 0.5 cm3. 2) A reward is given for a missing diamond, which has a reported mass of 9.92 0.05 g. You find a diamond and measure its mass as 10.1 0.2 g. Could this be the missing diamond? Yes because the missing diamond is 9.87 g 9.97 g and the diamond that you have is between 9.9 g -10.3 g. So yes because these values overlap it is possible the diamond found is the missing diamond. 3) Express the following in standard notation. (a) 0.04 g- 4 x 10-2 g 3.0 x 10-2 g (d) 30 C 3.0 x 10 4) What is the number of significant figures for each of the following? (a) 15.50 cm3 (b) 150 s (c) 0.0123 g (d) 150.0 g 4 sigs 2 sigs 3 sigs 4 sigs 5) Repeated measurements of a quality can reduce the effects of: I random errors II systematic errors (b) 222 cm3 2.22 x 102 cm3 (c) 0.030

(a) I only

(b) II only

(c) I and II (d) neither I or II

6) The concentration of a solution of hydrochloric acid = 1.00 0.05 mol dm-3 and the volume = 10.0 0.1 cm3. Calculate the number of moles and give the absolute uncertainty. ???

7) What is the main source of error in experiments carried out to determine enthalpy changes in school laboratory? A. uncertain volume measurements B. heat exchange with the surroundings C. uncertainties in the concentrations of the solutions D. impurities in the reagents Practice Questions: 1. The volume V, pressure P and temperature T and number of moles of an ideal gas are related by the ideal gas equation PV = nRT. If the relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature of a fixed amount of gas is investigated experimentally which one of the following plots would produce a linear graph?

The relationship between pressure and volume is an indirect relationship, as pressure increases the volume decreases. So if the equation were to be manipulated we can make it direct, therefore producing a linear graph by making it pressure atm vs 1/volume cm3. Choice (A) P against V

2. The mass of an object is measured as 1.652 g and its volume 1.1 cm3. If the density (mass per unit volume) is calculated from these values, to how many significant figures should it be expressed? (B) 2 3. The time for a 2.00 cm sample of magnesium ribbon to react completely with 20.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is measure four times by a student. The readings lie between 48.8 and 49.2s. This measurement is best recoded as: (C) 48.0 0.2 s 4) A student measures the volume of water incorrectly by reading the top instead of the bottom of the meniscus. This error will affect: Due to the fact he was reading the bottom of the meniscus it is considered a systematic error. Therefore is will not affect the precision because the same error will occur every time. Only the accuracy would be affected. (B) only the accuracy of the readings 5) A known volume of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a conical flask using a pipette. A burette is used to measure the volume of hydrochloric acid needed to neutralize the sodium hydroxide. Which of the following would lead to a systematic error?

I the use of a wet burette II the use of a wet pipette III the use of a wet conical flask (A) I and II only

6) The number of significant figures that should be reported for the mass increase which obtained by taking the difference between reading of 11.6235 g and 10.5805 g is: 1.0430 5 sig figs (C) 5