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Azeotrope (data)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. Data includes composition of
mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), boiling point
(b.p.) of components, boiling point of mixture, and specific gravity of mixture. Boiling points are at 760 mm Hg unless otherwise
stated. Where the mixture separates into layers, values are shown for upper (U) and lower (L) layers.
Data is obtained from Lange's 10th edition[1] and CRC 44th edition[2] unless otherwise noted (see color code table).
A list of 15825 binary and ternary mixtures was collated and published by the ACS.[3]
Binary azeotropes
Data source color code
CRC & Lange's CRC only Lange's only other (see references)
b.p. of
comp.
(C)
b.p. of
mixture
(C)
% by
weight
2nd Component
b.p. of
% by spef.
mixture
weight grav
(C)
ethanol
78.4
methanol[4]
n-propanol
64.7
97.2
87.7
71.7
0.866
iso-propanol
82.5
80.4
87.9
0.818
n-butanol
117.8
92.4
55.5
U 79.9
L 7.7
U
0.849
L
0.990
benzene
80.2
68.2
67.6 0.848
cyclohexane[8]
toluene
80.7
64.9
69.5
110.8
76.7
32
88.5
67.9
0.863
n-pentane
36.2
34.3
95
n-hexane
U
0.839
L
0.988
68.9
58.7
79
0.687
90.0
70.0
U 85.0
L 8.7
n-heptane
98.5
70.9
51
0.729
n-octane
125.6
77.0
22
sec-butanol
iso-butanol
99.5
108.0
78.1
b.p. of
comp.
(C)
95.5
0.804
No azeotrope
tert-butanol
82.8
79.9
88.3
allyl alcohol
97.0
88.2
72.9
benzyl alcohol
205.2
99.9
furfuryl alcohol
169.4
98.5
20
cyclohexanol[5]
161.1
97.8
20
205.4
99.9
benzyl alcohol[5]
with various organic acids
107.3
0.905
formic acid
100.8
77.5
118.1
141.1
99.98
17.7
1.016
butyric acid
163.5
99.94
18.4
1.007
iso-butyric acid
154.5
99.3
21
No azeotrope
86.0
120.5
68
perchloric acid
110.0
203
71.6
hydrofluoric acid
19.9
120
37
hydrochloric acid
84
110
20.24
1.102
hydrobromic acid
73
126
47.5
1.481
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_(data)
1.405
ethyl acetate
77.1
71.8
methyl acetate
57.0
56.9
97
ethyl nitrate
87.7
71.9
56
88.4
76.8
isopropyl acetate[5]
with various hydrocarbons
69.2 0.863
47
0.815
83.7
70.5
63
chloroform
61.1
59.4
93
1.403
carbon tetrachloride
76.8
65.1
84.2
1.377
allyl chloride
45.7
44
95
n-propyl chloride
46.7
45.0
93
isopropyl chloride
36.3
35.6
97.2
n-propyl bromide
71.0
62.8
79.5
isopropyl bromide
59.8
55.6
89.5
n-propyl iodide
102.4
75.4
56
isopropyl iodide
89.4
71.5
73
methyl iodide
42.6
41.2
96.8
methylene chloride
40.1
39.85
95.0
ethyl bromide
38.0
37.0
97.0
trichloroethylene
87
70.9
73.0 1.197
trichlorotrifluoroethane
(CFC 113)
47.7
43.8
96.2 1.517
tetrachloroethylene
121.0
76.75
37.0
25/02/2013
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hydroiodic acid
34
127
57
79.6
74.8
60
0.802
sulfuric acid
290
338
98
acetonitrile
82.0
72.9
43.0
0.788
nitromethane
101.3
75.95
26.8
tetrahydrofuran[9]
65.6
65.4
3.3
thiophene[8]
84.1
70.0
55.0
carbon disulfide[5]
46.2
42.4
92
83.7
72
91.8
propylene chloride
96.8
78
89.4
chloroform
61.2
53.3
carbon
tetrachloride
76.8
66.8
methylene chloride
40.0
97.0
U 0.8
L 99.8
P = 100 kPa
U
1.004
L
1.491
95.9
U
U 0.03 1.000
L 99.97
L
1.597
99.6
U 2.0
99.9
38.8
U
1.009
L
1.328
ethyl acetate
77.1
70.4
91.9
U 96.7
L 8.7
U
0.907
L
0.999
0.940
57.0
56.1
95.0
n-propyl acetate[5]
ethyl nitrate
101.6
82.4
86
87.7
74.4
78
56.5 C
79.6
73.5
89
0.834
pyridine
115.5
92.6
57
1.010
toluene
cyclohexane
80.2
110.8
80.7
methyl acetate
57.0
53.8
81.3
0.908
ethyl acetate
77.1
62.3
56
0.846
ethyl formate
54.1
51.0
84
80.2
58.3
60.4
0.844
toluene
110.8
63.8
31
0.813
cyclohexane
80.8
54.2
62.8
U 97.0
L 39.0
n-pentane
36.2
30.8
91
n-hexane
68.9
50.6
72
No azeotrope
69.3
84.1
69.8
spef.
grav
methyl acetate
benzene
b.p. of b.p. of
% by
comp. mixture
weight
(C)
(C)
91.1
U
99.94
L 0.07
79.8
U
99.95
L 0.06
U
0.880
L
0.999
U
0.868
L
1.000
91.5
U
U
99.99 0.780
L 0.01 L 1.00
diethyl ether
34.5
34.2
98.7
tetrahydrofuran[4]
anisole
66
65
95
153.9
95.5
59.5
acetonitrile
82.0
76.5
83.7
chloral
97.75
95.0
93.0
hydrazine[7]
113.5 C
120.3 C
68.5
0.720
0.818
CRC 44th ed. lists azeotropes for acetic acid/water and acetone/water,
Lange's 10th ed. as well as numerous web sources indicate no azeotrope for
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_(data)
n-heptane
98.5
59.1
48.5
n-octane
125.8
63.0
72.0
83.7
61.0
68
chloroform
61.1
53.5
87.4
1.342
carbon tetrachloride
76.8
55.7
79.4
1.322
ethyl bromide
38.4
35.0
95.5
n-propyl chloride
46.6
40.5
90.5
isopropyl chloride
36.4
33.4
94
n-propyl bromide
71.0
54.5
79
isopropyl bromide
59.8
48.6
85.0
isopropyl iodide
89.4
61.0
62
trichloroethylene[5]
87.2
60.2
64
121.1
63.5
40.6
tetrachloroethylene[9]
trichlorotrifluoroethane
47.7
39.9
94
(CFC 113)[5]
with various other solvents
nitromethane
101.2
64.6
acetone
acetonitrile
56.5
55.7
87.9
82.0
63.45
19.0
0.796
25/02/2013
Page 3 sur 7
these pairs.
2nd Component
102.7
93.8
45
n-propyl acetate
101.6
94.2
47
benzene
80.2
76.8
82.6
toluene
110.8
92.4
50
cyclohexane
80.8
74
80
carbon tetrachloride
76.8
72.3
ethylene chloride
83.7
79.9
b.p. of
comp.
(C)
46.2
37.7
isopropanol[5]
82.5
64.0
20
tetrahydrofuran[10]
P = 984 mBar
65.6
60.7
69.0
0.874
88.5 1.450
82
86.0
U 50.8 U 0.979
L 97.2 L 1.261
carbon disulfide
b.p. of
% by spef.
mixture
weight grav
(C)
b.p.
b.p. of
of
% by spef.
mixture
2nd Component
comp.
weight grav
(C)
(C)
methyl
butyrate
102.7
94.4
51
n-propyl
formate
80.8
80.65
97
n-propyl
acetate
101.6
94.7
49
benzene
80.2
77.1
83.1
toluene
110.8
92.4
47.5
n-hexane
68.9
65.7
96
carbon
tetrachloride
76.8
73.1
88.5
ethylene
chloride
83.7
80.7
81
n-propyl
bromide
71.0
ethyl acetate
77.1
75.3
75
0.869
isopropyl acetate
91.0
81.3
40
0.822
69.7
0.833
0.836
1.437
benzene
80.2
71.9
66.7
toluene [8]
cyclohexane
110.8
80.6
42
81.0
68.6
67.0
n-pentane
36.2
35.5
94
n-hexane
68.9
62.7
77
n-heptane
98.5
76.3
46
0.777
91
carbon
tetrachloride
76.8
69.0
82
chloroform
61.1
60.8
95.8
ethylene chloride
83.7
74.7
56.5
ethyl iodide
83.7
67.1
85
b.p.
b.p. of
of
% by spef.
mixture
2nd Component
comp.
weight grav
(C)
(C)
n-propyl chloride
46.7
46.4
97.2
n-propyl bromide
71.0
66.8
79.5
isopropyl bromide
59.8
57.8
88
n-propyl iodide
102.4
79.8
58
isopropyl iodide
89.4
76.0
68
tetrachloroethylene 121.1
81.7
19.0
benzene
80.2
80.05
98
cyclohexane[5]
toluene
80.8
79.7
98
110.8
105.0
72
m-xylene
139.0
115.4
0.882
n-heptane
98.5
92.3
70
methyl ethyl
ketone
79.0
77.5
68
n-octane
125.8
109.0
50
diisopropyl ether
69
66.2
85.9
isopropyl iodide
89.2
88.3
91
nitromethane
101.0
79.3
70
carbon
tetrachloride
76.8
76.6
97
tetrachloroethylene 121.0
107.4
61.5
114.4
45
1,1-dibromoethane 109.5
103.7
75.0
[8]
0.905
1.344
27.5 0.908
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_(data)
0.838
0.800
CRC and Lange's disagree on this azeotrope, but web source corroborates
CRC
25/02/2013
methylene
bromide
98.2
94.8
84.0
pyridine
115.3
139.7
65.0
Page 4 sur 7
1.024
b.p. of
comp.
(C)
b.p. of
% by spef.
mixture
weight grav
(C)
b.p. of
comp.
(C)
2nd
Component
b.p. of
% by spef.
mixture
weight grav
(C)
benzene
80.2
71.7
69
ethyl benzoate
212.6
186.1
53.5
toluene
110.8
85.8
50
diphenyl
254.9
192.0
36
m-xylene
139.0
94.2
29.8
mesitylene
164.6
156.0
87
n-pentane
36.2
34.2
90
naphthalene
218.1
183.9
49
n-hexane
68.9
60.6
72
toluene
110.8
110.2
93.5
n-heptane
98.5
78.2
56.5
m-xylene
139.0
135.6
85
n-octane
125.8
90.5
37
o-xylene
144.4
139.6
84.0
ethylene
bromide
131.7
129.8
96
nitrobenzene
210.9
185.9
41
chlorobenzene
132.0
130.1
5.6
61.2
59.2
85
carbon
tetrachloride
76.8
66.7
81.5
methyl iodide
42.6
42.1
94
benzyl chloride
179.3
167.0
70
ethyl bromide
38.4
38.2
97
benzyl alcohol
205.1
193.1
44
ethylene
chloride
83.6
77.4
86
anisole
153.9
150.5
89.5
acetophenone
202.1
185.7
48
ethylene
bromide
131.7
94.7
48.5
aniline
184.4
180.6
76
n-propyl
chloride
o-cresol
191.1
189.6
73
46.7
45.6
92
isopropyl
chloride
34.8
34.7
98.5
n-propyl
bromide
71.0
64.7
73
2nd
Component
b.p. of
comp.
(C)
b.p. of
mixture
(C)
isopropyl
bromide
59.4
56.0
86
diphenyl
254.9
243.8
45
naphthalene
218.1
215.2
90
46.3
42.6
83
b.p. of
comp.
(C)
cyclohexane
81.4
77.8
45.0
ethyl nitrate
88.7
80.03
12.0
% by spef.
weight grav
b.p. of
% by spef.
mixture
weight grav
(C)
0.834
methyl ethyl
ketone
79.6
78.4
37.5 0.853
nitromethane
101.0
79.15
14.0
acetonitrile
82.0
73.0
34.0
n-heptane[5]
98.5
80.0
2nd
Component
b.p. of
comp.
(C)
b.p. of
% by spef.
mixture
weight grav
(C)
carbon disulfide
46.3
39.3
67.0
1.04
chloroform
61.2
64.7
80.0
1.268
cyclohexane
81.4
53.0
33.0
n-hexane
68.8
49.8
41
ethyl iodide
56.5
55.0
40.0
carbon
tetrachloride[8]
76.8
56.2
11.9
b.p.
component 2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_(data)
b.p.
b.p.
% wt
% wt spec.
25/02/2013
Page 5 sur 7
comp. 1 (C)
acetaldehyde
acetamide
21.0
222.0
comp. 2 (C)
diethyl ether
34.6
20.5
76.0
24.0
n-butane[8]
0.5
7.0
16.0
84.0
benzaldehyde
179.5
178.6
6.5
93.5
nitrobenzene
210.9
202.0
24.0
76.0
o-xylene
144.1
142.6
11.0
89.0
ethyl acetate
77.15
74.8
23.0
77.0
110.6
81.1
25.0
75.0
88.3
94.5
40.7
59.3
0.762
acetonitrile
82.0
acetylene
86.6
toluene[9]
ethane
aniline
184.4
o-cresol
191.5
191.3
8.0
92.0
diethyl ether
34.6
34.4
1.0
99.0
1,1-dichloroethane
57.2
46.0
94.0
6.0
79.6
45.9
84.7
15.3
ethyl acetate[5]
77.1
46.1
97
methyl acetate[5]
methyl ethyl ketone
57.0
40.2
73
27
79.6
79.9
17.0
83.0
0.877
n-hexane
68.7
60.0
72.0
28.0
1.101
79.9
73.8
71.0
29.0
1.247
ethylene dichloride
84.0
75.3
78.0
22.0
1.500
ethyl acetate
77.1
74.8
57.0
43.0
1.202
ethyl acetate
77.15
72.8
46.0
54.0
ethyl nitrate
88.7
74.5
64.0
36.0
methyl formate
31.50
28.2
44.0
56.0
methylene chloride[4]
40
40.8
30
70
toluene
110.8
96.5
55.0
45.0
chloroform
61.2
72.5
34.5
65.5
n-hexane
69
63.0
46.5
53.5
carbon disulfide
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride
46.2
61.2
76.8
cyclohexane
81.4
diethyl ether
34.6
nitromethane
101.0
tetrahydrofuran[10]
65.6
toluene
110.63
propylene glycol[11]
188.2
pyridine
115.3
110.2
78.0
22.0
aniline
184.4
179.5
43
57
o-xylene
144.4
135.8
10
90
toluene
110.6
110.5
1.5
98.5
0.719
1.157
Ternary azeotropes
Tables of various ternary azeotropes (that is azeotropes consisting of three components). Fraction percentages are given by weight.
Data source color code
CRC & Lange's CRC only Lange's only other (see references)
b.p.
2nd comp. (C)
3rd component
b.p.
3rd comp. (C)
ethyl acetate
77.1
70.3 C
7.8
9.0
83.2
cyclohexane
80.8
62.1
17
76
benzene
80.2
64.9
7.4
18.5 74.1
U 1.3 U 12.7 U 86.0 U 0.866
L 43.1 L 52.1 L 4.8 L 0.892
chloroform
61.2
55.5
3.5
4.0
92.5
U 80.8 U 18.2 U 1.0 U 0.976
L 0.5 L 3.7 L 95.8 L 1.441
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_(data)
b.p.
% wt % wt % wt
azeo. (C) 1st
2nd
3rd
spec.
grav
0.901
25/02/2013
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4.3
ethanol
n-propanol
isopropanol
allyl alcohol
benzene
chloroform
80.1
61.8
ethylene chloride
83.7
66.7
17
78
acetonitrile
82.0
72.9
1.0
55.0
44.0
toluene
110.6
74.4
79.6
73.2
n-hexane
69.0
56.0
3.0
12.0 85.0
U 0.5 U 3.0 U 96.5 U 0.672
L 19.0 L 75.0 L 6.0 L 0.833
n-heptane
98.4
68.8
6.1
33.0 60.9
U 0.2 U 5.0 U 94.8 U 0.686
L 15.0 L 75.9 L 9.1 L 0.801
carbon disulfide
46.2
41.3
1.6
5.0
93.4
cyclohexane
80.8
66.6
8.5
10.0
81.5
benzene
80.2
68.5
8.6
9.0
82.4
14.0
75.0
0.832
5
11
84
U 84.9 U 15.0 U 0.1 U 0.979
L 1.0 L 11.0 L 88.0 L 1.436
carbon tetrachloride
76.8
65.4
diethyl ketone
102.2
81.2
20
20
60
n-propyl acetate
101.6
82.2
21.0
19.5
59.5
cyclohexane
80.8
64.3
7.5
18.5
74.0
66.1
7.5
21.5
71.0
66.5
7.5
18.7
73.8
8.2
19.8 72.0
U 2.3 U 20.2 U 77.5 U 0.855
L 85.1 L 14.4 L 0.5 L 0.966
benzene
80.2 C
79.6
73.4
toluene
110.6
76.3
n-hexane
69.0
59.7
5
5
90
U 0.5 U 3.6 U 95.9 U 0.668
L 64.4 L 34.8 L 0.8 L 0.964
benzene
80.2
68.2
8.6
9.2
82.2
U 0.6 U 8.7 U 90.7 U 0.877
L 80.9 L 17.7 L 0.4 L 0.985
cyclohexane
80.8
66.2
carbon tetrachloride
76.8
65.2
acetonitrile
82.0
66.0
79.6
68.2
8.8
65.1 26.1
U 0.6 U 71.3 U 28.1 U 0.858
L 94.7 L 0.1 L 5.2 L 0.992
carbon tetrachloride
76.8
65.7
22.2 74.8
3.0
U 94.4 U 5.5 U 0.1 U 0.993
L 0.1 L 22.6 L 77.3 L 1.313
cyclohexane
81.0
63.6
60.0 35.0
5.0
U 0.6 U 37.0 U 62.4 U 0.769
L 89.9 L 10.0 L 0.1 L 0.98
methanol
64.65
52.6
4.0
81.0 15.0
U 27.0 U 32.0 U 41.0 U 1.022
65.7 C
79.6
61.2
3.4
10.3 86.3
U 44.5 U 48.5 U 7.0 U 0.935
L <0.1 L 5.2 L 94.8 L 1.519
86.8
82.5
97.0
86.0
carbon tetrachloride
78.4
97.2
9.7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_(data)
11.0
1.0
11
88.0
0.834
81
5
11
84
U 71.7 U 25.6 U 2.7 U 0.777
L 0.8 L 10.1 L 89.1 L 1.464
8.2
68.5
23.3
25/02/2013
Page 7 sur 7
56.5
Saddle
60.4
4.0
57.6
38.4
azeotrope
acetone
methyl acetate
b.p.
b.p.
3rd component
2nd comp. (C)
3rd comp. (C)
56.5
57.1
b.p.
% wt % wt % wt spec.
azeo. (C) 1st
2nd 3rd grav
chloroform
methyl acetate
61.2
57.5
23.0
30.0
47.0
57.0
53.7
17.4
5.8
76.8 0.898
cyclohexane
81.4
51.5
16.0
43.5
40.5
carbon disulfide
46.2
37.0
cyclohexane
81.4
50.8
17.8
48.6
33.6
n-hexane
69.0
45.0
14.0
27.0
59.0
Saddle
0.73
azeotrope
References
1. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp1496-1505
2. ^ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pp 2143-2184
3. ^ Lee H. Horsley, ed. (June 01 1973). Azeotropic DataIII. Advances in Chemistry Series No. 166. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY.
ISBN 9780841201668. http://pubs.acs.org/isbn/9780841201668.
4. ^ a b c d e "What is an Azeotrope?". B/R Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2007. http://www.solvent-recycling.com/azeotrope_1.html. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Binary Organic Azeotropes Useful for Solvent Cleaning". metalfinishing.com. November 2000.
http://www.metalfinishing.com/_virtual/article-downloads/Table%201_a2648.pdf. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
6. ^ a b Hilmen, Eva-Katrine (November 2000). "Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures: Tools for Analysis and Studies on Batch Distillation
Operation". Norwegian University of Science and Technology, dept. of Chemical Engineering.
http://www.chemeng.ntnu.no/thesis/download/2000/hilmen/Thesis_Hilmen.pdf. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
7. ^ Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 4653
8. ^ a b c d e f Ponton, Jack (September 2001). "Azeotrope Databank" (Queriable database). The Edinburgh Collection of Open Software for
Simulation and Education, Edinburgh University. Archived from the original on 24 April 2007.
http://eweb.chemeng.ed.ac.uk/chem_eng/azeotrope_bank.html. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
9. ^ a b c "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center.
http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php.
10. ^ a b "Tetrahydrafuran (THF) Storage and Handling". BASF. http://www.basf.com/diols/pdfs/thf_brochure.pdf. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
11. ^ "1,2-Propanediol". ChemIndustry.ru. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. http://chemindustry.ru/1,2-Propanediol.php.
Retrieved 2007-12-28.
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25/02/2013