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1

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, +5 -5 -10 +10.
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0
0

|+5|=+5

|x|=x

|-6|=+6

x ,
|x|=-x

|0|=0

x=0, |x|=0.

, : |x|=
x, x
-x, x
0, x=0

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) (+8) + (+2)= +10

) (-8) + (-2)= -10


,
.
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:
) (+10) + (-2) = + (10-2) = 8
)(+10)+(-10)=0

) (-10) + (+2) = -(10-2) = -8

: 0.

, , :
+=+

+( + ) = ( + ) +

+0=0+=
+ (-)= (-) + =0


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3

1

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:
(-2) + (-8) + (+4) + (+12) + (-8) + (-3) + (+1)
.
(+4) + (+12) + (+1) = +17
(-2) + (-8) + (-8) = -21

(+17)+ (-21) = -4

().


, .. (-2) + (-3) + (-8) + (-2) + (+6),
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,
.
: (-2) + (-3) + (-8) + (-2) + (+6) = -2 -3 -8 +2 + 6.


,
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= + (-)
- .
:
(+5) (+2) = (+5) + (-2) = +3
(+5) (- 2) = (+5) + (+2) = +7
(-5) (+2) = (-5) + (-2) = -7
(-5) (-2) = (-5) + (+2) = -3


+ ( ),
+ ( )

:
) + (8 + 5 16 +2 10)= 8 + 5 -16 + 2 10
) (5 20 + 4 + 8 12) = 5 20 + 4 + 8 12

1
- ,
() .
:
) (2 4 + 8 1 4)= -2 + 4 8 + 1 + 4
) ( - 4 + 8 5)= 4 8 + 5


,
:
+ .
- .
:
(+2 ) (+3) = +6
(-2 ) (-3) = +6
(+2) (-3) =-6
(-2) (+3) = -6
( ) 0, 0.

( ).

++=+
--=+
+-=-+=-


, :
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( ) = ( )
1=1=
( ) =

0=0=0

1.
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, .
5

- (-5) (-0,2) = 1, -5 -0,2 .


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0 ( 0 =0 ,
0 = 1).


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+
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().
0, 0.


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( 0) .
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2
6

1
3 .



> 0,

> 0.

< 0 , >0.
()
.

< 0 ,

<0.
()

(+2)3 = (+2)(+2)(+2) = +8 >0


(-3)4=(-3)(-3)(-3)(-3) = +81 >0
(-2)3 = (-2)(-2)(-2) = -8 <0


1. = +
2. : = -
3. ( ) =

4.



:
1.
2.
3. /
4.

5. ( ) =
6. 0 = 1
7. - =
8.

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:
1. ... .
.
2. . (, , .)
3. .
4. .
5. x =
6. .
:
...(3,4) 12.

4x + 3(x+2)2 = 3(x-1)2 + 45
4x + 3(x2 + 4x + 4) = 3(x2- 2x + 1) +20
4x + 3 x2 +12 x + 12 = 3 x2 - 6x +3 +20
4x + 3 x2 +12x - 3 x2 +6x = -12 +3 +20 , x =
22x = 11
X=
X=

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5(

)
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vi.

vii.
( )

viii.

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