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Title
Design of Compression Member
Description
Check the adequacy of a W10 45 section by Allowable Stress Design. A36 steel is used
and service loads are 50 kips dead load and 110 kips live load.
Compression Member
Verification Example
( KL) y
ry
1.0(15)12
= 89.6
2.01
2 2 E
=
Fy
2 2 29, 000
= 126
36
Since the controlling KL / r of 89.6 is less than Cc , the allowable stress is based on the
parabolic equation for inelastic buckling. Thus, by calculation or from ASD
NUMERICAL VALUES TABLE 3
( KL / r ) 2
1
Fy
2Cc2
Fa =
= 14.3 ksi
5 3( KL / r ) ( KL / r )3
+
3
8Cc
8Cc3
Comparison of stresses
P 160
fa =
=
= 12.0 ksi < [ Fa = 14.3 ksi ]
Ag 13.3
AISC-ASD89-1
Depth
=
Web Thick =
8.020
0.620
Verification Example
Comparison of Results
Reference
MIDAS/Gen
89.6
89.6
126
126
14.3 ksi
14.3 ksi
12.0 ksi
12.0 ksi
Reference
CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 6.11.1
4
AISC-ASD89-2
Title
Design of Laterally Supported Beam
Description
Select the lightest W or M section to carry a uniformly distributed dead load of 0.2 kip/ft
superimposed (i.e., in addition to the beam weight) and 0.8 kip/ft live load. The simply
supported span is 20ft. The compression flange of the beam is fully supported against
lateral movement. Use Allowable Stress Design with A36 steel.
Verification Example
Note that rounded values (i.e., 0.66 times 36 = 23.8 ksi ; use 24 ksi) are accepted values in
accordance with ASD-NUMERICAL VALUES TABLE
The superimposed service load (1kip/ft) bending moment is
M = wL2 / 8 = 1.0(20) 2 / 8 = 50 ft-kips
Required S x =
M 50(12)
=
= 25 in 3
24
Fb
4.03
= 4.7 < 10.8
2(0.425)
d 12.31
=
= 47.3 < 107
tw 0.260
(Table 7.4.2)
OK
(Table 7.4.2)
OK
Note that ASD uses overall depth d whereas LRFD uses the supported height hc of the web
even though the limit is the same.
Check the flexural stress :
M = 1.022(20) 2 / 8 = 51.1 ft-kips
fb =
M 51.1(12)
=
= 24.1 ksi [ Fb = 24 ksi ]
Sx
25.4
OK
AISC-ASD89-2
4.030
0.425
= 0.00000e+000
==================================================
[[[*]]] CHECK BENDING STRESSES ABOUT MAJOR AXIS.
==================================================
( ). Check depth-thickness ratio of web (DTR).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B5.1 ]
-. DTR = Dweb/tw
= 44.077
-. DTR < 640/SQRT[Fy] ---> COMPACT SECTION !
( ). Check width-thickness ratio of flange (BTR).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B5.1 ]
-. h/t
= 44.08 < 70. ---> kc = 1.0
-. BTR = bf/2tf = 4.74
-. BTR < 65/SQRT[Fy] ---> COMPACT SECTION !
( ). Calculate allowable bending stresses (FBCy,FBTy).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.1 (F1-1) ]
3
Verification Example
-. FBCy,FBTy = 0.66*Fy =
AISC-ASD89-2
Comparison of Results
Fb (allowable stress)
b f / 2t f (width-thickness ratio of flange)
f b (flexural stress)
Reference
MIDAS/Gen
4.7
4.7
24.1 ksi
24.2 ksi
Reference
CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 7.5.1
AISC-ASD89-3
Title
Design for Combined Bending and Axial Load
Description
Investigate the acceptability of a W16 67 used as a beam-column under the loading shown
in Figure. The total service loads are P = 350 kips and M = 60 ft-kips, and Fy = 60 ksi. Use
Allowable Stress Design.
Verification Example
P
350
=
= 17.8 ksi
Ag 19.7
f a 17.8
=
= 0.78 > 0.15
Fa 22.8
Beam effect
76b f 76(10.235)
Lc =
=
= 8.4 ft
60(12)
Fy
(controls)
or
Lc =
20, 000
20, 000
=
= 11.6 ft
(d / Af ) Fy 2.40(60)12
Fb =
12, 000
12, 000
=
= 27.8 ksi < 0.60 Fy
Lb d / Af 15(12)(2.40)
Lb 15(12)
=
= 65.5
2.75
rT
Fb = 40.0
( Lb / rT ) 2
(65.5) 2
= 40.0
= 29.9 ksi
425
425
60(12)
= 6.15 ksi
117
Cm f b 0.6(6.15)
=
= 0.12
29.9
Fb
fb =
KL 15(12)
=
= 25.9
6.96
rx
Fe' = 223 ksi
2
AISC-ASD89-3
10.235
0.665
Verification Example
================================
[[[*]]] CHECK AXIAL STRESS.
================================
( ). Check slenderness ratio of axial compression member (Kl/r).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B7. ]
-. Kl/r = 73.2 < 200.0 ---> O.K.
( ). Calculate allowable compressive stress (Fa).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification E2. (E2-1) ]
[ 2*(Pi^2)*Es ]
-. Cc = SQRT [ -----------------] = 97.68
[
Fy
]
-. Kl/r < Cc
[
(Kl/r)^2 ]
[ 1 - ----------- ]*Fy
[
2*Cc^2 ]
-. Fa = -------------------------------- = 22.778 kip/in^2.
5 3*(Kl/r) (Kl/r)^3
--- + ---------- - ---------3
8*Cc
8*Cc^3
( ). Calculate axial compressive stress of member (fa).
-. fa = Fxx/Area = -17.766 kip/in^2.
( ). Check ratio of axial stress (fa/Fa).
fa
17.766
-. ---- = ------------- = 0.780 < 1.000 ---> O.K.
Fa
22.778
===================================================
[[[*]]] CHECK BENDING STRESSES ABOUT MAJOR AXIS.
===================================================
( ). Check laterally unbraced length of compression flange (Lu).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.1 (F1-2) ]
-. Lcr1 = (76*bf)/SQRT[Fy] = 100.42 in.
-. Lcr2 = 20000/((d/Af)*Fy) = 138.93 in.
-. Lcr
= MIN[ Lcr1, Lcr2 ]
= 100.42 in.
-. Lu
= 180.00 in. > Lcr
( ). Calculate bending coefficient (Cb).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.3 ]
-. Cb = 1.000 (User defined or default value)
( ). Calculate radius of gyration (rT)
-. Azz = Bf*tf + tw*(Ccom-tf)/3
-. Izz
= tf*Bf^3/12 + {(Ccom-tf)/3}*tw^3/12
-. rT
= SQRT[Izz/Azz]
4
=
=
=
7.7938
59.4289
2.761
AISC-ASD89-3
(H1-1)
(H1-2)
Verification Example
Comparison of Results
Reference
MIDAS/Gen
73
73
22.8 ksi
22.8 ksi
17.8 ksi
17.8 ksi
29.9 ksi
30.0 ksi
0.6
0.6
223 ksi
223 ksi
f a Cm f b
1.0
(
) (for stability)
+
Fa
Fb 1 f a / Fe'
0.91
0.91
fa
f
+ b
0.60 Fy Fb
0.70
0.70
(for yielding)
Reference
CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 12.14.1
6