• Black gold or crude oil

is a naturally occurring
liquid found in rock
formations . It is a
fossil fuel, formed
from the fossilized
remains of dead plants
and animals by
exposure to heat and
pressure in the Earth's
crust over hundreds of
 Processes involved in
petroleum industry
• Upstream -exploration,
development of crude
oil or natural gas.
• Pipeline – used for
transportation from
reserves to refineries.
• Downstream – refining
the crude oil.
• Service and Supply-
advertising , retailers
and consumers.
• Crude oil cannot be used in its
native state therefore it has to
undergo fractional distillation to
get various byproducts.
• 1 barrel = 158.9873 litres
Fractional
distillation is
Uses
• An early petroleum industry was
established in the 8th century, when
the streets of Baghdad were paved
with tar, derived from petroleum
through fractional distillation . In the
9th century, oil fields were exploited
in the area around modern Baku,
Azerbaijan, to produce naphtha. After
Kerosene was obtained from crude
oil it started getting used in kerosene
 Scenario after petroleum
was discovered in modern
•
times
The Industrial Revolution generated
an increasing need for energy which
was fuelled mainly by petroleum and
coal. Petroleum was in great
demand, and by the twentieth
century had become the most
valuable commodity traded on the
world market.
• Soon the world started depending on
petroleum for energy displacing the
old fuels like wood .
Why are petrol prices rising?
• Rising demand
• Low stocks
• OPEC strategy
• Violence in the middle east
• Depleting crude oil
Price of a barrel since 1950
to 2003
Increase in price of barrel from
2007 to 2008
Petrol prices from june 2008 to
march 2009
 Petroleum is a non-renewable
and conventional source of
energy
• The extraction and usage of petroleum
causes a huge amount of carbon
emissions which are extremely harmful to
the environment.
• As petroleum and its by-products are the
major source of energy it will be difficult
switching over to other sources of energy.
• Recent combined UN and OPEC report
suggests that the total crude reserves
reserves will deplete after a span of 150
yrs to 200 yrs.
• Usage of hybrid cars and mixing fuel with
bio fuels and ethanol are some of the
 bibliography
• Wikipedia
• Google search