No 13

:
1.

., .,;

I.

1. :
(2, CO2, H2S .),
;
- ;
;

,
.
2

I.

I.1.:

t = 0.1 25 30
t = 8 12
t = 7 11

* 2025 m
, -
. 33
m. 1 .
* - 11 ,
- 7 ;
* .
.
3

I.

I.2. :


.

1 cm,

:
;

1 mm.

300 cm
30 cm
.

http://www.watermonitoringequip.com/
pages/stream.html
4

I.

I.3. :
, , ,
, .
.
:
1050 mg/l - , ;
100600 mg/l - ;
No 9 1 NTU;
5 NTU, - 1 NTU;
1 / Si = 1 NTU

I.

I.3. :
, , ,
, .
.
:
1050 mg/l - , ;
100600 mg/l - ;
No 9 1 NTU;
5 NTU, - 1 NTU;
1 / Si = 1 NTU

I.

I.3. :

www.water.ncsu.edu/watershedss/info/turbid.html

I.

I.3. :
().
Measured Turbidity vs Voltage Ratio
800

700

Turbidity (NTU)

600

500

400

300

200

100

http://courses.cit.cornell.edu/ee476/FinalProje
cts/s2005/jsa25_jyh25/TurbidityMeter.htm

0
0.0000

0.1000

0.2000

0.3000

0.4000

0.5000

0.6000

0.7000

0.8000

0.9000

Voltage Ratio

I.

I.3. :
().

www.benmeadows.com/searc
h/oakton/21063/

http://www.envcoglobal.com/fi
les/MO-GLW-WQ770.jpg

I.

I.4 :

.
.
- -.
5 m - .
.
:
.
, .
, , , ..

( ). -
.
10

I.

I.5. :
, , ,
..
.

, , .

.
.
0
1
2
3
4
5

;
, . .;
, ;
, ;
;
, .

- 2

11

II.

.



, .
. , . ,
.
- ,
500 mg/l. ,
, 150 mg/l ,
500 1000 mg/l.
12

II.

II.1 pH:
pH + + = 14

H2O H + + OH
1

10-7 (log 10-7 = -7)

10-7 (log 10-7 = -7)

= 7
< 7
> 7
-

= 6.58.5

= 69
13

II.

II.2

;

.

- 2 5 mg2/l;
- 5 8 mg2/l;
- 8 60 mg2/l;
- 60400 mg2/l ,

;
-
5mg2/l

14

II.

II.3 CO2
- -
.

.
> 30 mg/l;
20 -30 mg/l

2HCO3 CO32 + CO2 + H2 O15

II.

II.3 O2
, ;
, ;
2 .

II.3 H2S

;

. .
2S -
.
2S (
) .

16

II.

II.4.
;
,

105120

II.5.
800 .
.

.
- 250 mg/l
17

II.

II.6.
.
:
) Mg .
)
Ca(HCO3)2 Mg(HCO3)2

Ca( HCO3 )2 CO2 + H2O + CaCO3

Mg( HCO3 )2 CO2 + H2O + MgCO3

) Mg
. ;

18

II.

II.6.
mg eq/l , ,

1 mg eq/l = 2.8
:
-
0 4
-
0 = 812
-
0 = 1218
-
0 = 1825
-
0 = 2550
-
0 > 50
. -
, .
- - = 12 -/ (33 )
19

II.

II.7.
, ,
.
, , , ,
..

.

20

III.

- ,
;
2
;
:
( ) - ,
1 cm3.;
100 ./ 1 cm3
.
(. ) - 0/100 KOE/ml;
- -.
) - cm3,
1 - 0/100 KOE/ml;.
) -
.

http://www.water-research.net/homeowner.htm
21