Chapter #19: Drifting Toward Disunion Big Picture Themes 1.

. Uncle Toms Cabin drove a wedge between the Northerner and Southerner. The South cried foul saying it gave a view of slavery that was too harsh and unrealistic, but it cemented each sections feelings on the issue. 2. ansas became the battleground over slavery. Since slavery there was to be decided by !o!ular vote, each side !assionately fought for their !osition. "loodshed resulted. #. The Su!reme Courts $red Scott decision was huge. %t said that Congress or a legislature cannot outlaw slavery in the territories. &ffectively then, all new lands were !ossible slave lands. '. ( financial !anic in 1)*+ added to the chaos and uncertainty. *. (be ,incoln arrived on the scene. (lthough he lost to Ste!hen $ouglas for %llinois Senate, he made a name for himself there. -. %n 1)-., (be ,incoln won a very sectional race for !resident over # other candidates. The South had !romised to leave the union if (be won. /e won, and the South indeed seceded. IDENTI IC!TI"N#: /inton /el!er 0 The Impending Crisis of the South 1ublished the boo2 3The %m!ending Crisis of the South3 which e4!lained in statistics how the millstone slavery damages the slave owners. 5eorge 6it7hugh

8ohn "rown (fter the ,awrence raid, "rown led a raid himself in /ar!er 6erry. /e was 2nown as the symbol of the North. Charles Sumner Senator from 9assachusetts was beaten till unconsciousness by senator from South Carolina, 1resten S. "roo2s. $red Scott $red Scott was a blac2 slave that sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. (braham ,incoln Congressmen from the North in %llinois, ,incoln was nominated !resident by

the :e!ublican !arty. 8ohn Crittenden %m!ending bloodshed s!urred final and frantic attem!ts at com!romise. The most !romising of these efforts was s!onsored by Senator 8ames /enry Crittenden of entuc2y. The !ro!osed Crittenden amendments to the Constitution were designed to a!!ease the South. ;"leeding ansas< 8ohn "rown went to /ar!er 6erry after the ,awrence incident with the !roslavery raiders and hac2ed to death - !eo!le. (merican or ; now=Nothing< 1arty The Nativist !arty was created due to the large influ4 of %rish and 5erman immigrants into (merica. They nominated 9illard 6illmore in the election of 1)-.. 1anic of 1)*+ The !anic of 1)*+ also created a clamor for higher tariff rates. %n!ouring California gold !layed its !art by hel!ing to inflate the currency. The demands of the Crimean >ar had over stimulated the growing of grain, while fren7ied s!eculation in land and railroads had further ri!!ed the economic fabric. ,incoln=$ouglas $ebates ,incoln challenged $ouglas to several debates. ?ne in !articular was the 6ree!ort debate. There, ,incoln lost but $ouglas lost the su!!ort of his !eo!le. 6ree!ort $octrine $ouglas@s re!ly to ,incoln became 2nown as the 36ree!ort $octrine.3 No matter how the Su!reme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the !eo!led voted it down. /ar!er@s 6erry :aid 8ohn "rown led a handful of men into /ar!ers 6erry where he sei7ed the federal arsenal, incidentally 2illing seven innocent !eo!le, including a free blac2, and inAuring ten or so more. Constitutional Union 1arty ( middle=of=the=road grou!, fearing for the Union, hastily organi7ed the Constitutional Union 1arty. Nominated 8ohn bell of Tennessee. $%IDED &E!DIN$ '%E#TI"N#: #towe and (e)per: *iterar+ Incendiaries

nowB /arriet "eecher Stowe, /inton /el!er 1. >hich boo2, Uncle Tom's Cabin or The Impending Crisis of the South was more im!ortantC &4!lain. Uncle Tom@s Cabin was more im!ortant because it successfully aroused the North and the South. The North,#outh Contest for -ansas nowB "eecher@s "ibles, "order :uffians 2. >hat went wrong with !o!ular sovereignty in ansasC 1o!ular Sovereignty allowed the !eo!le to vote for slavery. The thing was, most !eo!le wanted to ma2e it a free state and the 3Nebrascals3 were wor2ing on that. -ansas in Con.u)sion nowB 8ohn "rown, 1ottawatomie Cree2, ,ecom!ton Constitution #. >hat was the effect of 3"leeding ansas3 on the $emocratic 1artyC "y 1)*+ ansas had enough !eo!le, chiefly free=soilers, to a!!ly for statehood on a !o!ular=sovereignty basis.. The !roslavery forces, then in the saddle, devised a tric2y document 2nown as the ,ecom!ton Constitution. /Bu))+/ Broo0s and (is B)udgeon nowB Charles Sumner, 1reston "roo2s * >hat was the conseDuence of "roo2@s beating of Sumner in the NorthC The SouthC This was the first hits of the civil war. The North were outraged at this violent act whereas the South branded "roo2s with a new cane but with a golden head. /")d Buc0/ .ersus /The Pathfinder/ nowB 8ames "uchanan, 8ohn C. 6remont, The (merican 1arty -. (ssess the candidates in the 1)*- election. 6remont was a roman catholic and was from the :e!ublican !arty. "uchanan was from the $emocratic !arty. The E)ectora) ruits of 1123 +. %nter!ret the results of the election of 1)*-. "uchanan won the election of 1)*-. The North were more willing to let the South de!art in !eace than in 1)-.. The election of 1)*- cast a long shadow forward, and !oliticians, North and South, !eered an4iously toward 1)-.. The Dred #cott Bom4she)) nowB $red Scott, :oger ". Taney ) >hy was the $red Scott decision so divisiveC The Su!reme Court !roceeded to twist a sim!le legal case into a com!le4 !olitical issue. %t ruled, not sur!risingly, that $red Scott was a blac2 slave and not a citi7en, and hence could not sue in federal courts. The inancia) Crash of 1125 ) /ow did the 1anic of 1)*+ ma2e Civil >ar more li2elyC

The North was severely affected by this 1anic but the South were relatively safe because they had cotton to rely on. !n I))inois &ai),#p)itter Emerges 1.. $escribe (braham ,incoln@s bac2ground. /e was born in a log cabin to im!overished !arents. /e attended a frontier school for not more than a yearE being an avid reader, he was mainly self=educated. (ll his life he said, 3git,3 3thar,3 and 3heered.3 The $reat De4ate: *inco)n .ersus Doug)as nowB 6ree!ort $octrine 11. >hat long term results occurred because of the ,incoln=$ouglas debatesC $ouglas@s 6ree!ort $octrine made him lose !o!ularity in the North. This doctrine stated that if Slavery was voted down, then down it will go. 6ohn Brown: 7urderer or 7art+r nowB /ar!er@s 6erry, :obert &. ,ee 12. >hy were the actions of one Fcra7yCG man so im!ortant in the growing conflict between North and SouthC /is conduct was so e4em!lary, his devotion to freedom so infle4ible, that he too2 on an e4alted character, however de!lorable his !revious record may have been. The Disruption of the Democrats nowB 8ohn C. "rec2enridge, 8ohn "ell 1#. >hat ha!!ened when the $emocratic 1arty attem!ted to choose a candidate for the !residency in 1)-.C The South $emocrats did not want $ouglas as a nominee so they decided to s!lit off. The "rec2inbridge $emocrats and the $ouglas $emocrats. ! &ai),#p)itter #p)its the %nion 1'. >hy was ,incoln chosen as the :e!ublican candidate instead of SewardC The :e!ublican !latform had a seductive a!!eal for Aust about every im!ortant nonsouthern grou!. The E)ectora) %phea.a) of 1138 1*. $id the South have any !ower in the national government after ,incolns election, or were they hel!lessC They did not have national governmental !ower because they were not !art of the national government. They created their own government 2nown as the Confederates of (merica. The #ecessionist E9odus nowB Secession, 8efferson $avis 1-.. >hat did 1resident "uchanan do when the South secededC >hyC /e resolved the issue to (braham ,incoln.

The Co))apse of Compromise 1+. >hat was the Crittendon Com!romise and why did it failC >as designed a!!ease the South. Slavery in the territories was to be !rohibited north of #-,#., but south of that line it was to be given federal !rotection in all territories e4isting or 3hereafter to be acDuired. arewe)) to %nion 1). >hat advantages did southerners see in secessionC >ho did they com!are themselves toC %t allowed them to be left alone and forced the North to see2 Union.