7.

1 Heat is a form of energy

7.2 Heat flow and its effect
7.3 The effect of heat on matter
7.4 Applying the principles of expansion and
contraction of matter
7.5 Dark, dull objects absorbs and gives out heat
better
7.6 Appreciating the benefits of heat flow

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CHAPTER 7
Heat
7.1 Heat as a Form of Energy
State that the sun gives out heat
State other sources of heat
State that heat is a form of energy
Give examples of the uses of heat
State the meaning of temperature
State the differences between heat an temperature
 Primary source of heat
The Sun

We feel hot
We feel cold
during the day
during the night
time

Most of the heat around the

•Keep us
earth comes fromwarmthe sun
Heat can also be •Dry clothes
Burning objects Electricity that runs
•Causes water to evaporate to form clouds
produced by rubbing
two objects together
through a coiled wire

•Causes breeze
•Produces solar energy
 Cooking

Distillating petroleum Drying hair

Examples
of the uses
of heat in
our daily lfe

Drying Clothes
Incubating eggs

Boiling Water
 Temperature
Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness of an object or
substance
The unit for temperature is degree Celcius (oC)
The temperature of a substance will increase if heat is supplied to it

The temperature of a substance will drop if heat is removed

Heat Temperature
A form of energy A degree or measurement of hotness
or coldness of a substance

The unit of measurement is Joule (J) Measured by using a thermometer.

The unit of measurement is degree
Celcius (oC) or Kelvins (K)
CHAPTER 7
Heat
7.2 Heat Flow and its Effect
State that heat causes solids, liquids and gases to
expand
State that heat flows in Three different ways
(Conduction, Convection, and radiation)
State that heat flows from hot to cold
Give examples of heat flow in natural phenomena
List uses of heat conductors and heat insulators
in daily life and carry out an experiment to
investigate different materials as heat insulators
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 Heat causes solid, liquids and gases to expand

Heat causes the particles of a substance to move faster. As the

particles move faster, they take up more space.

Movement of particle at
lower temperature

Movement of particle at
higher temperature

This causes the solid to expand (Gets bigger)

 Heat flows in 3 different ways

Conduction

• Conduction
When one end of a metal bar is
heated by a candle flame,
• Convection
the particles of the metal bar

• Radiation
near the flame receive extra
heat energy from the flame

The particles vibrate more

vigorously and transfer energy
to the particles next to them
 Heat flows in 3 different ways

Convection
Cool Air Hot Air When gas, such as air, is
heated, the air expands.

The hot air becomes less dense

and rises.

As the warm air rises, cooler air

rush in to take its place.

In the same way, heat is carried

by convection in liquids
 Heat flows in 3 different ways

Radiation

Heat travels through empty

space ( vacuum) as radiation, or
heat rays. They travel very fast
through space.

Radiation is the transfer of heat

energy in the form
electromagnetic waves without
medium.
Heat flows in natural phenomena
Land Breeze (At night)
At night the sea is warmer than the land
The less dense hot air from the sea rises
Cool air from the land flows to the sea as
land breeze

Sea Breeze (During the day)

During the day, the land is warmer than
the sea
The less dense hot air on land rises.
Cool air from the sea flows towards the
land as sea breeze
 Heat conductors & Insulators
Solids that allow heat pass through easily are called heat conductors
Good heat conductors are usually METALS

Solids that does not allow heat pass them easily are called heat insulators
Good heat insulators are usually Wood, plastics and glass
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CHAPTER 7
Heat
7.3 The Effect of heat on matter
State the change in state of matter in physical processes

Explain that the change in state of matter involves

absorption and release of heat

Give examples of daily observations which show a

change in state of matter
Melting & Freezing
Matter can change from one state to another by heating or cooling it
A change in the state of matter involves the absorption or loss of heat

When heat is absorbed particles

gain energy

(heat absorbed)
melting

freezing
(heat released)

When heat is released

particles loses energy
 SOLID

Evaporation / Boiling

Condensation

LIQUID GAS
Heat is released Heat is absorbed

Particles of matter
SOLID Particles of matter
losses energy gains energy

Particles move slower Particles

and slower vibrates/move faster

Particles are getting If heat is provided

so close together LIQUID continuously, particles
move further and
further apart

GAS
CHAPTER 7
Heat
7.4 Applying the principles of expansions and
contraction of matter
Explain with examples the use of expansion and contraction of
matter in daily life

Apply the principles of expansion and contrtaction of matter in

solving simple problems

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Matter
Matter EXPANDS when heated and CONTRACTS when cooled

Gap
Mercury Thermometer

Mercury expands and rises in response to changes in temperature

Rollers are used in bridges to allow expansion during hot days

CHAPTER 7
Heat
7.5 Dark, dull objects absorb and give out heat
better
State that dark, dull objects absorb heat better than white, shiny
objects

State that dark, dull objects give out heat better than white , shiny
objects

Carry out experiments to investigate heat absorption and heat

release

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The ability of an object to absorb or give out
heat rays depends on the
surface condition of the object

Dark, dull objects absorb heat

better then white, shiny
objects.

Dark, dull objects give out heat

better then white, shiny
objects.
 Applications of the Principle of Radiation and
Absorption of Heat
White – Coloured and bright clothes are suitable to wear during
hot days because the white or bright surface reflects heat well.
Therefore, the wearer does not feel too hot.

Buildings – in tropical countries are normally painted white to

reflect heat and for the interior to remain cool

Petrol tanks – of oil tankers are usually painted with aluminium to

reflect heat from sunlight and as a result prevent the petrol from
becoming too hot.

Thermos flask – are equipped with special features to retain the

hotness or coldness of a liquid for a longer period of time

Car radiators – are painted dull black to enable hot water inside
to reflect heat more effectively
SMK Perempuan Likas
Sabah