Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MISHRA M N
STUDY AREA
INDIA
RAVINOUS TRACT
PENINSULAR UPLAND
KANKAR HORIZONS
ELEMENTS OF MORPHOTECTONICS
FAULTING, TILTING & FOLDING OF QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
SEPARATION OF RIVER TERRACES LACAL VARIATIONS IN RIVER GRADIENT AND INCISION SECTORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TERRACES OFF-SETTING OF RIVERS ACROSS LINEAMENTS WARPING OF PLANATION SURFACES DIFFERENTIAL ACCCUMULATION OF YOUNG SEDIMENTS SEISMOTECTONICS
INSET
THICKNESS OF THE ALLUVIUM 50 TO 250m LARGE ELEVATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE VARIOUS SURFACES & DEEP INCISION OF RIVERS WIDTH OF THE RAVINOUS TRACT AND PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF EROSIONAL TERRACES
A FLIGHT OF TERRACES
STRUCTURAL MAP
CONTOUR INTERVAL 2m
CHAMBAL RIVER
LENGTH OF TRIBUTARIES
PALAEOCHANNEL IS NOT INCISED THE ELEVATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CHAMBAL & THE PALAEOCHANNEL IS 55 m
PALAEOCHANNEL
DHAULPUR
WELL-DEFINED PALAEOBANKS, BLUFFS, AND WELL-PRESERVED MEANDERS ALONG THE ABANDONED VALLEY INDICATE RECENCY OF ABANDONMENT PALAEOCHNNEL IS DEVOID OF INCISION, GULLYING, CONTROLS OF LINEAMENTS IN CONTRAST TO THE MODERN DRAINAGE; HENCE IT PREDATES THESE EVENTS
EPICENTRE OF EARTHQUAKE OFF-SETTING OF RIVERS st FASTER HEADWARD EROSION ALONG THEM OF 1 SEPTEMBER, 1994 4.8 MAGNITUDE ON MSK TILTING OF QUATERNARY STRATA SCALE SEISMICITY DIFFERENTIAL BLOCK MOVEMENTS
ELEVATION OF POINT BARS w.r.t. 120 m asl SEGMENTAL GRADIENT CHANGES IN RIVER COURSE (27 to 9 cm/km) ELEVATION OF POINT BARS & T1-TERRACE IS NOT WHAT THE CHANNELGRADIENT WOULD SUGGEST DEEP INCISION & ABSENCE OF TERRACES ON UPTHROWN BLOCKS THE THALWEG IS INCISED WITHIN THE POINT BARS, WHICH SHOW MORE THAN ONE LEVEL WITH BREAK IN SLOPE
SEGMENTAL GRADIENT CHANGES IN RIVER COURSE (27 to 9 cm/km) ELEVATION OF POINT BARS & T1-TERRACE IS NOT WHAT THE CHANNELGRADIENT WOULD SUGGEST DEEP INCISION & ABSENCE OF TERRACES ON UPTHROWN BLOCKS THE THALWEG IS INCISED WITHIN THE POINT BARS, WHICH SHOW MORE THAN ONE LEVEL WITH BREAK IN SLOPE
MORPHOTECTONIC EVOLUTION
DEEP INCISION WITH LITTLE LATERAL MIGRATION
REJUVENATION ON A REGIONAL SCALE WITH LARGE SUDDEN AND RAPID LOWERING OF BASELEVEL
EPISODE I
THE RIVERS WERE UNINCISED AND MORE MEANDERING TYPE THE PALAEOCHANNEL & THE CHAMBAL HAD THE SAME BASELEVEL SUDDEN REJUVENATION BLOCK UPLIFT WARPING OF ALLUVIAL SURFACE REVERSAL OF SLOPE DEMISE OF THE PALAEOCHANNEL BEFORE IT COULD INCISE ITSELF
REJUVENATION DISPLACEMENT OF RIVERS FROM METASTABLE HYDROLOGIC EQUILIBRIUM GULLYING BADLAND TOPOGRAPHY
EPISODE II
INITIAL CYCLE OF RAPID UPLIFT & INCISION EXPERIENCED A RELATIVE QUIECENCE RIVERS ENGAGED IN LATERAL MIGRATION, FORMING T1-EROSIONAL SURFACE THE 2nd CYCLE OF UPLIFT CAUSED ABANDONMENT OF T1-SURFACE AND FORMATION OF CUT-OFF MEANDERS
THIS CYCLE WITNESSED SEVERAL SHORT PULSES OF UPLIFT CAUSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FLIGHT OF TERRACES
PENINSULAR UPLANDS
CHAMBAL YAMUNA GANGA
GHAGHRA
TIBET
CRUSTAL REBOUND
FLEXED LITHOSPHERE
REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS
TECTONISM & UPLIFT OF THE ARAVALLIS DURING HOLOCENE & HISTORIC PERIOD DRASTIC CHANGES IN DRAINAGE NETWORK OF NW INDIA Geoarchaeological evidence during pre-historic & the historic period, the Yamuna (& the Sutlej), having a southwesterly course shared their waters with the mighty Saraswati on the banks of which the Vedic civilization flourished
A minor tributary of the Chambal (the modern Yamuna), through rapid head-ward erosion robbed the waters of the then southwesterly flowing Yamuna. The Sutlej also changed its course due to the effect of tectonic activity Betrayal by the Yamuna & the Sutlej caused the demise of the Saraswati and the consequent decline of the Vedic civilization
Tectonic activity leading to the warping of the alluvial tract, rejuvenation of the terrain, deep incision and gullying appears to have a close link with the uplift of the Aravallis during the Holocene
Ruins of settlements, broken potteries including PWG, 5th & 11th century idols (broken) of Hindu deities and Lord Buddha, ruins of 11th century temples etc. dot the ravine landscape Excavations by the ASI suggest that the area has been inhabited by the people since the Mahabharata Period The town of Dhaulpur has been shifted from the bank of the Chambal to its present position during the mediaeval period These evidences suggest that the tectonic movements responsible for the topographic rejuvenation in this part of the Ganga Plains must have taken place during the past few millennia of the Late Holocene
5th Century
5th century
11th century
An 11th century temple with a part of its base eroded away by the onslaught of ravines
THANK YOU