CHAPTER 23

Politics in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896

IV. SINGLE-ANSWER M L!IPLE "#$I"E.
Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions. 1. At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant a. refuse gifts offere hi! by the A!erican "ublic. b. "rove that he was a soun #u ge of hu!an character. c. re#oine the $e!ocratic "arty. . acce"te gifts of houses an !oney fro! citi%ens. e. rule out running for office. &. 'n the "resi ential election of 1()(, Ulysses S. Grant a. transfor!e his "ersonal "o"ularity into a large !a#ority in the "o"ular vote. b. owe his victory to the votes of for!er slaves. c. gaine his victory by winning the votes of the !a#ority of whites. . e!onstrate his "olitical skill. e. all of the above. *. As a result of the Civil War, a. the "o"ulation of the Unite States ecline . b. "olitical ishonesty grew while honesty in business rose. c. the +orth evelo"e a strong sense of !oral su"eriority. . the great !a#ority of "olitical an business lea ers beca!e corru"t. e. waste, e,travagance, s"eculation, an graft re uce the !oral stature of the -e"ublic. .. 'n the late nineteenth century, those "olitical can i ates who ca!"aigne by /waving the bloo y shirt0 were re!in ing voters a. of the /treason0 of the Confe erate $e!ocrats uring the Civil War. b. that the Civil War ha been cause by the election of a -e"ublican "resi ent. c. of the graft1fille /ra ical0 regi!es in the -econstruction South. . that ra ical -e"ublicans catere to free slaves uring -econstruction. e. of 2u 2lu, 2lan violence against blacks. 3. Which one of the following is least relate to the other three4 a. 5i! 6isk b. /7lack 6ri ay0 c. 5ay Goul . /8hio ' ea0 e. Wall Street gol !arket ). 8ne wea"on that was use to "ut 7oss 9wee , lea er of +ew :ork City;s infa!ous 9wee -ing, in #ail was a. the cartoons of the "olitical satirist 9ho!as +ast. b. fe eral inco!e ta, evasion charges. c. the -lC8 racketeering act. . +ew :ork City;s ethics laws. e. granting i!!unity to 9wee ;s cronies in e,change for testi!ony. <. 9he Cre it Mobilier scan al involve a. "ublic utility co!"any bribes. b. 7ureau of 'n ian Affairs "ayoffs.

c. railroa construction kickbacks. . evasion of e,cise ta,es on istille liquor. e. !ani"ulating the Wall Street stock !arket. (. 'n an atte!"t to avoi "rosecution for their corru"t ealings. the owners of Cre it Mobili%er a. left the country. b. belate ly starte to follow honest business "ractices. c. sol controlling interest in the co!"any to others. . trie to gain i!!unity by testifying before Congress. e. istribute shares of the co!"any;s valuable stock to key congress!en. =. >resi ent Ulysses S. Grant was reelecte in 1(<& because a. the $e!ocrats an ?iberal -e"ublicans coul not eci e on a single can i ate. b. he "ro!ise refor!s in the "olitical syste!. c. he "lea e for a clas"ing of han s across /the bloo y chas!0 between the +orth an South. . his o""onents chose a "oor can i ate for the "resi ency. e. fe eral troo"s still controlle the South. 1@. Match each "olitician below with the -e"ublican "olitical faction with which he was associate . A. 7. C. $. a. b. c. . e. -oscoe Conkling 5a!es 7laine Aorace Greeley Ulysses Grant A1&, 71*, C1., $1l A1*, 711, C1&, $1. A11, 71&, C1*, $1. A1&, 711, C1., $1* A1., 71*, C11, $1& 1. &. *. .. /Aalf17ree s0 Stalwarts -egular -e"ublicans ?iberal -e"ublicans

11. 8ne cause of the "anic that broke in 1(<* was a. the reissuance of !illions of ollars in greenbacks. b. the construction of !ore factories than e,isting !arkets woul bear. c. an e,tre!ely high rate of inflation. . the for!ation of the Greenback ?abor "arty. e. e,cessive s"eculation in !ining stocks. 1&. As a solution to the "anic or e"ression of 1(<*, ebtors suggeste a. a "olicy of eflation. b. a "assage of the -esu!"tion Act of 1(<3. c. stronger fe eral control of banking. . restoring the govern!ent;s cre it rating. e. inflationary "olicies.

1*. 8ne result of -e"ublican /har !oney0 "olicies was a. a strong ollar against foreign currencies. b. a!age to the country;s cre it rating. c. the return to the /$ollar of 8ur $a ies,0 silver ollars, as the o!inant coin in circulation. . the efeat of a $e!ocratic Aouse of -e"resentatives in 1(<.. e. the for!ation of the Greenback ?abor "arty.

1.. 9hose who en#oye a successful "olitical career in the "ost1Civil War eca es were usually a. refor!ers. b. incorru"tible. c. "arty loyalists. . "olitical in e"en ents. e. wealthy an well e ucate . 13. $uring the Gil e Age, the $e!ocrats an the -e"ublicans a. ha few significant econo!ic ifferences. b. agree on currency "olicy but not the tariff. c. were se"arate by substantial ifferences in econo!ic "olicy. . hel si!ilar views on all econo!ic issues e,ce"t for civil service refor!. e. were ivi e over silver vs. gol currency. 1). 9he "resi ential elections of the 1(<@s an 1((@s a. were all won by -e"ublicans. b. involve charis!atic "ersonalities. c. were rarely close. . usually involve shar" "artisan ifferences over issues like currency "olicy an refor!. e. arouse great interest a!ong voters. 1<. 8ne reason for the e,tre!ely high voter turnouts an "artisan fervor of the Gil e Age was a. the "arties; ifferences over econo!ic issues. b. shar" ethnic an cultural ifferences in the !e!bershi" of the two "arties. c. battles between Catholics an ?utherans. . ifferences over the issue of the civil service. e. sectional tensions between the +ortheast an Mi west. 1(. $uring the Gil e Age, the lifebloo of both the $e!ocratic an the -e"ublican "arties was a. the Gran Ar!y of the -e"ublic. b. the -o!an Catholic Church. c. i eological co!!it!ent. . big1city "olitical !achines. e. "olitical "atronage. 1=. /S"oils!en0 was the label attache to those who a. e,"ecte govern!ent #obs fro! their "arty;s electe officehol ers. b. ravage the "ristine environ!ent of the /gol en West0 for their own "rofit. c. !ani"ulate railroa stocks to their own "rivate a vantage. . su""orte civil1service refor!. e. engage in "olitical corru"tion.

civil1service

&@. 9he !a#or "roble! in the 1(<) "resi ential election centere on a. who woul be S"eaker of the Aouse. b. the two sets of election returns sub!itte by 6lori a, South Carolina, an ?ouisiana. c. Sa!uel 9il en;s association with corru"t "oliticians. . >resi ent Grant;s ca!"aign for a thir ter!. e. failure to use the secret /Australian ballot0 in so!e "laces. &1. 9he Co!"ro!ise of 1(<< resulte in

a. b. c. . e.

a renewal of the -e"ublican co!!it!ent to "rotect black civil rights in the South. the with rawal of fe eral troo"s fro! the South. the election of a $e!ocrat to the "resi ency. "assage of the 7lan 1Allison Silver >urchase Act. a "lan to buil the first transcontinental railroa .

&&. 9he sequence of "resi ential ter!s of the /forgettable "resi ents0 of the Gil e Age Binclu ing Clevelan ;s two non1consecutive ter!sC was a. Clevelan , Aayes, Aarrison, Clevelan , Arthur, Garfiel . b. Garfiel , Aayes, Aarrison, Clevelan , Arthur, Clevelan . c. Clevelan , Garfiel , Arthur, Aayes, Aarrison, Clevelan . . Aayes, Garfiel , Arthur, Clevelan , Aarrison, Clevelan . e. Aayes, Garfiel , Aarrison, Clevelan , Arthur, Clevelan . &*. 'n the 1(=) case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Su"re!e Court rule that a. African A!ericans coul be enie the right to vote. b. segregation was unconstitutional. c. /se"arate but equal0 facilities were constitutional. . the 6ourteenth A!en !ent i not a""ly to African A!ericans. e. literacy test. for voting were constitutional. &.. At the en of -econstruction, Southern whites isenfranchise African A!ericans with a. literacy require!ents. b. "oll ta,es. c. econo!ic inti!i ation. . gran father clauses. e. all of the above. &3. 9he legal co es that establishe the syste! of segregation were a. foun only in the +orth. b. calle 5i! Crow laws. c. overturne by Plessy v. Ferguson. . un er!ine by the cro" lien syste!. e. "asse uring -econstruction. &). 9he "resi ency of -utherfor 7. Aayes o"ene with a. a "eaceful labor scene. b. increase overseas e,"ansion. c. scenes of class warfare. . charges of corru"tion. e. i!"rove race relations. &<. 9he railroa strike of 1(<< starte when a. >resi ent Aayes refuse to use troo"s to kee" the trains running. b. the four largest railroa s cut salaries by ten "ercent. c. working hours were cut back by the railroa co!"anies. . the railroa workers refuse to cross the "icket lines of cargo loa ers. e. the railroa s trie to hire Chinese workers. &(. ?abor unrest uring the Aayes a !inistration ste!!e fro! a. agitation by Co!!unist sy!"athi%ers. b. the establish!ent of the Socialist "arty. c. the colla"se of the steel in ustry.

. co!"etition a!ong rival unions. e. long years of e"ression an eflation. &=. ?abor unrest in the 1(<@s an 1((@s resulte in a. Congress;s "assing legislation su""orting the for!ation of unions. b. a ban on 'rish i!!igration. c. the use of fe eral troo"s uring strikes. . congressional acts to ban strikes. e. growing !i le class su""ort for labor. *@. 'n the wake of anti1Chinese violence in California, the Unite States Congress a. negotiate a restricte 1i!!igration agree!ent with China. b. i nothing, as it was California;s "roble!. c. banne the 2ea!eyites in San 6rancisco. . sent !any Chinese back to their ho!elan . e. "asse a law "rohibiting the i!!igration of Chinese laborers to A!erica. *1. Which of the following internal evelo"!ents in China resulte in Chinese i!!igration to the Unite States4 a. the isintegration of the Chinese D!"ire b. the sei%ure of far!lan by lan lor s c. the intrusion of Duro"ean "owers . internal "olitical tur!oil e. all of the above *&. 8ne of the !ain reasons that the Chinese ca!e to the Unite States was to a. ig for gol . b. work on the Dast Coast. c. re"lace the newly free slaves in the South. . buy their own far!s. e. all of the above. **. 9he Chinese wor tong !eans a. cri!inal organi%ation. b. !eeting hall. c. labor union. . fa!ily. e. cooking utensil. *.. Abraha! ?incoln was the first "resi ent to be assassinate while in officeE the secon was a. -utherfor Aayes. b. Willia! Mc2inley. c. Chester Arthur. . 7en#a!in Aarrison. e. 5a!es Garfiel . *3. >resi ent 5a!es A. Garfiel was assassinate a. as a result of his service in the Civil War. b. because he was a Stalwart -e"ublican. c. because he o""ose civil1service refor!. . by a erange , isa""ointe office seeker. e. by a "olitical anarchist.

*). 9he >en leton Act require a""ointees to "ublic office to a. take a co!"etitive e,a!ination. b. "resent a written reco!!en ation fro! a congress!an or senator. c. agree to !ake financial contributions to their "olitical "arty. . "le ge in e"en ence fro! either !a#or "olitical "arty. e. have a college egree. *<. With the "assage of the >en leton Act, "oliticians now sought !oney fro! a. new i!!igrants. b. civil1service workers. c. the s!all ar!y of factory workers who! they now ha to !obili%e. . foreign contributors. e. big cor"orations. *(. 9he 1((. election contest between 5a!es G. 7laine an Grover Clevelan was note for a. its e!"hasis on issues. b. low voter turnout. c. its "ersonal attacks on the two can i ates. . a lan sli e victory for the refor!1!in e -e"ublicans. e. its virtual tie in the electoral college. *=. Which one of the following Gil e Age "resi ents ha a ifferent "arty affiliation fro! the other four4 a. Ulysses S. Grant b. -utherfor Aayes c. Grover Clevelan . 7en#a!in Aarrison e. Chester Arthur .@. When he was "resi ent, Grover Clevelan ;s han s1off a""roach to govern!ent gaine the su""ort of a. Civil War "risoners. b. the Great Ar!y of the -e"ublic. c. far!ers. . workers. e. business"eo"le.

.l. 8n the issue of the tariff, >resi ent Grover Clevelan a. su""orte high rates. b. a vocate a lower rate. c. ha no o"inion. . followe the a vice of his "arty. e. favore tariffs on agricultural "ro ucts. .&. 9he !a#or ca!"aign issue of the 1((( "resi ential election was a. civil1service refor!. b. the big trust question. c. the currency question. . foreign "olicy. e. tariff "olicy. .*. 'n the latter eca es of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of "olitical "ower was a. Congress.

b. c. . e.

the "resi ent. the fe eral courts. the fe eral bureaucracy. the states.

... 9he /7illion1$ollar Congress0 quickly is"ose of rising govern!ent sur"luses by a. "rovi ing subsi ies to wheat, corn, an cotton far!ers. b. buil ing an e,"ensive new steel navy. c. e,"an ing "ensions for Civil War veterans. . cutting tariffs an other ta,es. e. increasing s"en ing on railroa s an other trans"ortation "ro#ects. .3. Which of the following was not a!ong the "latfor! "lanks a o"te by the >o"ulist >arty in their convention of 1(=&4 a. govern!ent ownershi" of the railroa s, tele"hone, an telegra"h b. free an unli!ite coinage of silver in the ratio of 1) to 1 c. a one1tern li!it on the "resi ency . govern!ent guarantees of /"arity "rices0 for far!ers e. i!!igration restrictions .). 9he four states co!"letely carrie by the >o"ulists in the election of 1(=& were a. Wisconsin, Minnesota, +orth $akota, South $akota. b. 8hio, 'n iana, Michigan, 'llinois. c. 8klaho!a, 9e,as, +ew Me,ico, 2ansas. . Massachusetts, Connecticut, -ho e 'slan , Fer!ont. e. 2ansas, Colora o, ' aho, +eva a. .<. 9he early >o"ulist ca!"aign to create a coalition of white an black far!ers en e in a. a racist backlash that eli!inate black voting in the South. b. the transfor!ation of 9o! Watson into a fervent civil rights lea er. c. an align!ent of wealthy /7ourbon0 whites with !o erate blacks. . the break own of segregation in areas outsi e southern cities. e. the e!ergence of -e"ublican "olitical "ower in the South. .(. 9he "olitical evelo"!ents of the 1(=@s were largely sha"e by a. the wi es"rea "ros"erity an fe eral bu get sur"luses. b. A!erica;s growing involve!ent in overseas conflicts. c. the !ost severe an e,ten e econo!ic e"ression u" to that ti!e. . the growing black rebellion against segregation an racial o""ression. e. the ea lock a!ong -e"ublicans, $e!ocrats, an >o"ulists in Congress. .=. Dcono!ic unrest an the re"eal of the Sher!an Silver >urchase Act le to the rise of the "ro1silver lea er a. 9o! Watson. b. Willia! 5ennings 7ryan. c. Willia! Mc2inley. . 5. >ier"ont Morgan. e. A lai D. Stevenson. 3@. >resi ent Grover Clevelan arouse wi es"rea "ublic anger by his action of a. vetoing the Wilson1Gor!an 9ariff Act. b. using fe eral troo"s to su""ress >o"ulist e!onstrations. c. taking the Unite States off the gol stan ar .

. borrowing G)3 !illion in gol fro! 5.>. Morgan;s banking syn icate. e. wasting the fe eral sur"lus on "ork1barrel s"en ing.

3&. 6ro! the en of -econstruction until the late 1(=@;s , a high "ercentage of A!ericans "artici"ate in "olitics because BaC yna!ic can i ates stirre "olitical "assions BbC the "arties a o"te istinct "ositions on i!"ortant issues BcC "olitical organi%ations serve i!"ortant social an cultural functions B C the country face crucial econo!ic an "olitical "roble!s 3*. Which of the following A!ericans woul likely have vote -e"ublican in the latter nineteenth century4 BaC white southern far!er BbC +orthern >rotestant in ustrialist BcC Catholic i!!igrant !erchant B C "oor, urban factory worker 3.. Which of the following factors was "robably least significant in eter!ine a voters "arty loyalty in the latter nineteenth century4 BaC econo!ic interests BbC regional i entification BcC religious affiliation

B C ethnic heritage 33. 9he Gran 8l >arty BG8>C refers to the BaC -e"ublican >arty BbC $e!ocratic >arty BcC >o"ulist >arty B C Whig >arty 3). 6ollowing the Civil War , the lea ers of both "olitical "arties see!e !ost concerne with BaC "ro!oting international tra e by lower tariffs BbC "rovi ing inflation of the !oney su""ly BcC curbing the growing "ower of the big business B C winning elections an controlling "atronage 3<. 9he s"lit in the -e"ublican >arty between the Stalwart an half17ree factions concerne the BaC lea ershi" of Aayes as "resi ent BbC istribution of govern!ent #obs BcC te!"erance !ove!ent B C is"ute election of 1(<) 3(. >ro!"te by the assassination of >resi ent Garfiel , the >en leton Act of 1((* "rovi e for the BaC govern!ent "urchase of silver in li!ite a!ounts BbC govern!ent regulation of railroa rates BcC beginning of a civil service syste! B C e"ortation of i!!igrant anarchists 3=. As >resi ent , Grover Clevelan BaC evoke both "ublic an "rivate affection BbC e,"an e the role of the fe eral govern!ent in the regulation of business BcC sought re uction of tariff rates B C sel o! e,ercise his "ower of veto )@. 9he Sher!an Antitrust Act of 1(=@ was BaC narrowly "asse by a ivi e Congress BbC i!!e iately successful in halting the tren towar business !ono"oli%ation BcC inten e by Congress to restructure the econo!y B C virtually e!asculate by hostile court ecision )1. 9he "rovision creating an inco!e ta, in the Wilson1Gor!an 9ariff of 1(=. BaC allowe significant re uctions in the tariff rates BbC receive the enthusiastic en orse!ent of >resi ent Grover Clevelan BcC was eclare unconstitutional by the Su"re!e Court B C allowe re!oval of s"ecial "rotections to the trusts )&. 'n Munn v. 'llinois B1(<<C , the Su"re!e Court BaC eclare the inco!e ta, unconstitutional BbC a""rove state regulation of railroa s BcC e,e!"te the sugar trust fro! "rosecution B C e,ten e the right of ue "rocess to cor"orations )*. 9he 'nterstate Co!!erce Act of 1((< inclu e all of the following "rovisions e,ce"t aBnC BaC "rohibition of rebates an rawbacks BbC require "ublication of railroa rates

BcC en to iscri!inatory rate sche ules B C eter!ination of railroa rates by the 'nterstate Co!!erce Co!!ission ).. >erha"s the !a#or effect of the 'nterstate Co!!erce Act was to BaC satisfy the "o"ular cla!or for refor! BbC "rovi e wi es"rea re uction of railroa rates BcC eli!inate iscri!inatory railroa "ractices B C "revent the for!ation of railroa !ono"olies )3. 9he so1calle Granger ?aws were esigne to regulate BaC chil labor BbC the e,"ort of far! cro"s BcC railroa rates B C !ini!u! wage an !a,i!u! hours )). Ael"ing Willia! 5ennings 7ryan win the 1(=) $e!ocratic no!ination for "resi ent was his BaC long recor of istinguishe Congressional service BbC connections with the urban "olitical !achines BcC loyal efense of the Clevelan a !inistrations B C elivery of the ra!atic /Cross of Gol /s"eech )<. Unlike !ost of the ca!"aigns of the era, the election of 1(=) BaC "ro uce a significant turnout of eligible voters BbC witnesse !u slinging tactics by both "arties BcC offere voters a choice on a clear1cut issue B C faile to generate ra!a an e,cite!ent )(. Willia! 5ennings 7ryan, in the election of 1(=), was the first "resi ential can i ate to BaC syste!atically /stu!"0 every section of the nation BbC rely u"on a /front "orch0 strategy in !eeting the voters BcC turn over !anage!ent of his ca!"aign to a "olitical boss B C raise over G3 !illion worth of ca!"aign contributions )=. 9he !ost i!"ortant issue of the election of 1(=) was the BaC "ro"er level for tariff rates BbC threat of war with S"ain BcC corru"tion in the fe eral govern!ent B C question of !oney inflation or stability <@. Willia! 5ennings 7ryan lost the election of 1(=) "ri!arily because BaC -e"ublican e!"loyers use econo!ic inti!i ation to influence the votes of their workers BbC he faile to raise sufficient !oney to !atch -e"ublican fun s BcC his evangelical style alienate Catholic voters B C the $e!ocratic "rogra! was too narrow to win a national election <1. 7y 1(=( "ros"erity returne to the Unite States "ri!arily because BaC Mc2inley;s election reassure business investors BbC "assage of the Gol Stan ar Act guarantee the ollar;s value BcC the $ingley Act increase tariff rates B C new su""lies of gol inflate the !oney su""ly