An Introduction to Visual Culture > we Mi cE He KNEE RAE HE at FR Q Routledge Toor Fans Goup AR ER ATAAn Introduction to Visual Culture ABLES BATELRAEN NREL EER MIAS SE RAMEN — MARE AMS FAST — am LAS ——e ie - HEHE (Anne Massey), C2 # ATI) REASONS (tA CRRA, FATALE LE A 7 Bho KARAT ATL OFA A BL — ARE BRE AG AE A BOR SET SRS MB» HB «iB - WH KH (John Di Stefano), mS AER AMER ARMA ET HFS TRACE BAAS A AO A UAT AIR HB LAT MORNE ORE RABE MERA EMER Fi 35 - 6933845 (Lisa Cartwright) 1299 3 #0 AE RAM FS HTB TRE MEA SAN BN FATA, Bie PARED SEI CML AMIBS ARIE]: AMMRETSAYRA BA AP AHR MM BE PS. KRALL TERK E AD SRA RT MARR EARS FRASAB AMOS REP RARER © TARR? © DEMRAEK CARR BY AMM). © BNOMANT Zk, DALE BBY OOH SMMLMEKMS, © FRE ARE MAI LR SAREE © AMAMEC SHS AAMMEMALH, CRE T—TERRELUN AD KIS ERMA / BRAT REIL 1 ISBN 7-214-04175~8 9 8787214004175) 1708 4112600REMR- BBAX #9 “Oe SCAG (2) BAH -KREA B HGRHE RAB (CIP) aE PETA TRIE (TE LB » RAIA BUT. HEE TRA RR MAE 2006. 8 ISBN 7-214 - 04175 ~8 1... WOK... Of... TD. PRA x ~W.GO 5p BCAA $8 CIP BHF (2005)58 138790 B An Introduction to Visual Culture Copyright © 1999 Nicholas Mirzoeff Authorised translation from English language edition published by Routledge, and imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group Simplified Chinese translation copyright © 2006 by JSPPH All rights reserved TIA CUE HEAR FAL IC « BAF 10 - 2003 - 041 BB MRE BH ETT + RARER eo # hh REAR HO ERM TTA YRRRAT TOK ABR REL CRE 165 ABHE.210009) Bt http://www, book-wind, com SS UI AAR CH RB 165 BH: 210009) SRE PASE FRI Hh i HEP http://www. ppm. en & 8 URARERARAARE A HE LE EAR Taare 960% 1304 BK 1/32 11.75 307 FF 2006 4F 11 F581 AE 2006 4F 11 ASB 1 UREN ISBN 7~214-04175 - 8/G + 1705, 26.00 6 COT SR ALB RE ES LOTR RT aA AR * + S do 56 38 akii Al Sl FRE BAT LAB BY 2S RP A a IR TR A A BN RE ALPE EBAARE EA RBM A. RM EBRT-WFHRBER BERA METH A EMER, RRRMSRRS RNR, ORR BY Lab. Web Bok > BAAS ARO ARAB API. PA News ft i. HE2 REM WE KAHLER KF ABC EME). Ll ARRE ART. 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ALR ER BIRR + AGE (Pierre Bourdieu) it FEN MRF BAS 9“ a” (White Dod 3k FF ANE ARE AL AS EB HE + BRM Hi (Girolamo Savonarola, 1452—1498) , # ARE PP CPG Bae THEA. 1498 4e 5 A 25 Fl BEALL ERT) PRT REE BR, FRAP RERUN ERO HI, HATE © Bike + HEH A-A A Robert Mapplethorpe, 1946—1989) , 38 HH RAL SR EAA LL T A EA AUT A PL, RR FARR (Black Books). ——iBHE @ “EA” CWhite Dot), Sit FE Ht) — So SRR YEN Be YA He RAB. PRA SL AT HLL Dy PAY: http: // www. whitedot. org. ——FEATE 11 01 ARKKSIE PHAR, KEI T RF AR A ETA AE KSA” CT BE AAT RR » B08 TT SF ER SAP TE ALY A A DS EB BE Sk AS RS) A OSCE BT BM, EAB SC EO TA Fi 0 LBM ABLE T “PLR LH BBE DLE SHR” (de Certeau 1984; 204), STE ET oe, + ASB Fredric Jameson) BE fl AiG ABH TCE: PEAR LEEHH RRKCEYU ER RAV BAR B—HEK. BEEK, CHRERRT -AAR BREAK RELBRAH. RH KER AAR ELRESAAKE CWB PAR HIF RR A Bit EAR FALPRREA, DERBAS-MHA HM, RAER LE AMEE. 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APRA 19 HET AX, EH SPM BE A RERAM FT IL ie. 1869 4 RSS 4 + PTE Matthew Arnold) i Wi T 4 mi BRS AY CC HCA ZOBU E — 45, ARE TES AE A, BFE FC Fa SR A BU = “FEKETE ABB 9 AT BE I BT AR” RE PRR XEE AREY BI EE HE BDH EK RETA ORE, CORAL a ESE EE + HK (Clement Greenberg) #¢ #4 18 3c ( 36 EK 5 “2 25D) (“ Avant-garde and Kitsch”) (1961) *P @RIR FA TEX AL ERE MAR PEERED TBH AE SE ERS BAR”. HH EIR RoneA-AEXEEA, CRUABRTHEHANRTHSR $%. EREKE ML RINSRRAK ARE, EES AML AYIA ABS R E. B. $H(E. B. Tylor) ARI MIS AB ROBIE FEE EA ANE FE AF SE BS AR i REBSAKLSREARWR AA AEA RNB BOAT DSR AY, BEND PERLE CRM IC Ae Dea = “SC A BR SH HE SE HL REMAP EE LER ETHAN RK, ETE Rf AR SEO PA RU. BL BANAL Se BF BR A PT AT SE ts PE FA te"(Young 1995; 45), Ak&AKEARAATREZRALE, - AKGHPEAA DELS P . RIK » SCALES AU BR BE CL FE SC HL BE aE — RHEE RASHASRT ROTA ES. RHP 4M hee. 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"BORA IF AB AB TE SERBIA» i FL HI HER MARALKEAMAE BASH, MA ERR AM EAA PER FE Et Oy 0G BETTE A, ES BRA Js BA A BC AD PUM —-TERTA, RFXEMARE MME R ARR BRE SOREL, BOTT LAGE — PBR RRA RE — PK RA ARMXHERHFHK. EME WT BME BA AE Pa De 9 EE HE, POPSET IE SO BEM 1 FER EEE + FE BL 9E (Gayatri Spivak) 7B FY“ SRE OAS SE SL” BBE OS BE FS HS Fi BRR AAEM BAG F Be TE BL SE AY BL» Te ST HE eA TAB IPN TAOS A. ERA MAK ARO RR PARDEE I HEM UR Ee ERA. SSR RESCH M. J. MUR CM. J. Powers) SF BLAU AB AEB ide a ae A PRESS AEE ATRE AR SS”. FURNES A EE HAR TTA REM RATA AML. BF. CHR T AAT RB HE, BS GEE AY BUI AO 4 eB AY BR / 3 Hr PR ITA eT RB 30SD HR PE TERETE BIT HE. BUC DR HAR EY BOS Fe PE BE A he KARBE MRE Se. BSN, RAT) A UL a REWAD MA (Mandelbrot) ORE AHAB. HE SIR MTF EA BIA OAK”. METER “SCHL” AB — BRS RARE T AKT Be ESI PE TR BE ER} 20 A — BAER BF LAE BB 3 BS 8 93 TE. FRR BALE WY fe Sage eR A BE BY DB EL AP PRAHA, ARERR —TS AREAS. MUIR TIER FE fj A Be — PPL BS PARR A TFT 3 AYALA ZESF . RPE AAR BR BE CPR IE — KF Ti ABE IE ROE + A THE AY. PE BE — PAE I fd “Gigi Fe BAG ARE AP ACE SE AB PRA TR BO BD URE oo FEROS CHE. BB th RAE th FAR” (Morley 1996: 350). XT ALAAT USBRABRORRBAM. WG SAKA BRA WSS IE IL—_Fl BAR AM RIB DE —— xt BUR E RY ES 9 18 Be , TTS BEAR aN tb FEE IER AA XK-HERACRLRANH ALAR. SHRERSE FEA — “RE HH AO BF BY REE 1984 FEL AY BAAR ZAR RE Wy TB AE Dp fH “20 TEE ARP a Es BBA SG BAR A” FR RAT BK PH BRAN SB aA yt HE SR FB ST 5 AF (Giacometti) O45 A HOF Ah FE— SF DAI FR He A A IE CE SCAG ZR EE A ER ROAR REF EMA HAARRBET BREE. KTR © EMAPRAMB, UR BME RES Y (BB. Mandelbrot, 1924—) PR AO PIE. SER FLING JL ART (Fractal Geometry) H@ilitt A. Mandelbrot Se PFE GL FARE» AG FPR SR Ae A EH AD DOR BT BE AS 3 BA Fy FEIT VA FEBS BCA TSR IR BHA AC it» EB SAP AR eR EE» ATOR. —PRAE © BAA AEE + HGH (Alberto Giacometti, 19011966) , HHH MED RTH BIR RADA HOE BEM T PARA De A, % 312 RHEKASIE 985 AEWRARTE EAE ERT A AUR EMER REE PEW Z Ib AR FLEA AT A ON ARE SCT 2 I $4: (William Rubin) (yi Wik A RA AR SRE LER Pr RASS» HEAR EAE AE AEE. ARE AR EB SRBTEH IL FCP IR IRA Tt ZH?” (Grimes 1996; 39) [A] EE LESS ABAR TBA” FEA AY SAE SE TITS SS BAT By ABE 1 9 2S 1B, BW AE Ee OP COSA, BME TERE. — TE ES ES RAIS GAUENTK PHTKES BALCH AABRURSH OA PARE AE. ADy SE 9 eb FS HB a CRORE EAA (LE BEE: SOA REET, BREN BS TAZ ie A BSS TE PRRA ORNS PMKERA— HUME — ATR. HAE FOR WERE HEA « ALTA + EL BUR (Kukuli Verlade Barrio neuvo) EBB BRS TL AP PARE ESE S RE-AREAKHA, RIFEWAEE-THHA BH BHAA NBR RR ENA GP RATS MGHK-EX, OBHK-HFRLLMAEARAGLRRAHR ER DRRARERENERA MEEGA, MIR RRR H PERMA RE ERR — ae OR 1 DAS. ARAB ALR CS BT Be AB AO 8 A R— FA KH HR HREOC. RER-DWBEA, WEHRA AER. (Miller 1995.95) APRA ML ERASE RE RH OER, RSW RIE E ZA PEIG RAAT BAS + BRM (Fernando Ortiz) MBL. 32sae HA BEBE SACP AI SCAG” IAL FEI PAE SANE AS A AY a AS PY HH AS ABRAM ERSTE AS ASE. Hee ARE PH RS A RT . RATE AA He Aa EBLE A LT ATR ETE OE? EAA + FISEARAR CHensi Lefebvre) Zé Hi 4 Ei 4 FF 42 98 51 HE (Introduction to Everyday Life) PUA, BATE BS“ SUR SE TT PP BOM.“ ARERARREBAKERE— BPX RWRR. EH AFA KA» TS AE RE , AR RE BE AR AN HE HR” (Lefeb- vre 1971; 24), PEs QL BA 48 wee eh“ “RAR” Ud M9 WTS) Be REE 5 eB aL TYP BRT A EO Se DB“ FF” (de Certeau 1984; xviii), KAKA + BIABTEC A WATE SRY The Practice of Everyday Life) } 007 “EE a. RE WA AHO A APR YE M1 Be He RACAL Se A Ie Bs a ET — AMAR Cde Certeau 1984; 40), CARRE E CHAE WRARERNTHA. RDA MRF EEA ATS» TEA BUR. EEA EM SC AEIS BA DT Be » Be AS Hey Se MB BE AS HA AGT Se, SB HL aR BE A GK AE Al, EEL SEANSP BT BEAR SE CAE A eh Ae A FA ea FG FE SU A. ECE IE 1867 4F RA A — TE SR OM” — ES EE A ASFA IERN. (EAL BEE CL 28 1B RE BE AS RE Ae PA TS AB A HS ECRENEATALARERRAOAR IMA. RECIEA BE KDA T AAW SAT BA MBAS. 1967 4, PASE LPF AUB EF + PBB CGuy Debord) HE Re “EL "Be TEBE AE — ARSE A I BR AEE OH RE FE 33REXKSIE SCAG P WELTER” (Debord 1977; 191), EIRWALE A RL ARE BEEF AR ROSE HE I RE HOPG. PRY SH BM oes BU a — SE, RF BE, CRRA T RH-HRE UBER S —AIER” (Debord 197; 32), RFRA RT D1 AF HE ASB 8 BR ak I BE BE th PEER BR J Be 2 OF 1K) BI —— JPA BEE or, AN EAT HB EHGHRD, ABR -RREWA, FHAMRAHBA LE BH BRIA T . ERMA Se, RAT SE A A A eT HE LER MAR BEY. FRAME +L. WH Conathan L, Beller) #3 — BRIN“ VER H OME 36” “attention theory of value”) (Beller 1994; 5), stA38 Jy 3124709 ERE AGE UE AHS. AC A EA SP ATE ANE BA VEER. PRT SEE nate RA WS SE SE eR FA B09 5 Ja SP RB Me SA BP 9 ZS) AB FRA. CN MDP MS bE VE EY ey OY A. “SALT BRA: PSE RT A AS / BEAR EFT DB SE HE — TF LY (proto cinematic) (it BE 11 Aa AOE A — A IE Sk —§ DRA Ht TH AH OK» DOSE RE Mh” (Beller 1996; 215). FIN SEAS SE SPEAR I INSEE Be AR HE OR BLE 8 — TF , TA SAL AARERTH RAM YEO, MARMARA SH — MBER. 28 ERS RIL + MHL ILZE 1983 FR RRMHNS AA EWU” (simulacrum) AY {0 TIGR” BRIE BA I AS, “HR” SE PEAR SE BSI BY BR EE JA PEAR ate BE AS ES SE” RAS EAB A BIRTTR E Y R “ERSE —PRABRA RR: ER SEB SSPE HY IUR” (Baudrillard 1984, 256), SUG HLSW PAROS fa Fe EGA BEE AR» AAA J A BFE TH RIK BES, BE A TE A AR SS? HSS A SETI TS SES HAREM E RA” (Baudrillard 1984; 262), HERETER AHR 34Mie HAR FE“ AB AEARED EC RRR ASE WDIE”, MW RTA IE PEAS TEAL ATE PERL A: 2B DR Ae FS) — AR A ESE” 5 — PRL ZAMS SE A HY aR OE BS + AS RS EO ALL, EAs a BAY LER By “BBE AS EN” FA AR AO FA HEH] Jameson 1991), FUSER AR ALPS SE ABTA TE BUR ERR EAR RES PE 8 AS BPS EAU. TIE AR AR AG, 8 a9 BES A RCL A FURIE GB BEG De He Se FT HS IT AB zs BEA fh — Be Be SHHBCRER.O CAME PAPER EULR. AA AR RRR FESR BR HE HO BUR E SCAG AOSD BT HP BRT ARB + BATE ee 3B HH TH RARE ILM RST, ETUE ER TE Be BBM FH Hs te PRLS BER. AAG BAT OC RL Se HH EAS te EER ZB be RF TES AK Fi Pe EAB REO fH DD SL Hl 4 3 Appadurai 1990; 6). SEER ARE » HLM HLT yO Se Hh He Ae FR =, ARAB ADU SCAG te: A aR AE EAR CHA. SHB MAPRE IEW RS ABLE EB ARE SEM ABEL HATE AD Ae AY. RRIF AS FEE EAS PE SE A TT BAR MEV ES PR BE BR a A. eC FEL fe 1 EH HE 09). TE SC A oH A Se eR 1 at. PU WRT MRARSEEP RASA ARAL. WIRE ARM CRN GER BR GL RAE -KATHR—ALEEOM A By BR BY IB AR A ooo ET AER HH SE RR XE D KMPH EAE 1980 EAI ARR EE TT RE RA FT 180FRA, EMAT RAR. KARELBA TARA ER” (Carte Blew)4ft FA AIR Se St PS, HE AY RSE Minitel LE BE SLi, —— TRE 3529 AMRLSE BY) By Mas Ok A RT RR HE ER SER Reon FER AUR ARR) 3D a a] ERG ENR IMERXKREPMKA EA EEA OR B-BUSLR. (Appadurai 1990; 5) PRG FERS PATER EA SARL SEN ERS AE A BUE— ERIN T At SE AOA] Ze KER RAVES ABE HIE ALARA AP AB BT BE 1 OS OLA EE HTT FESR EY PRE LR RIE. 1990 FELL SEER IEP SF ABD AGAR + MBER (Achille Mbembe) #2 TX AUR FFE Skt TASC EAR A APE Ht de JOR. ERR “FE BLASS REI A TT EB — AR Es SA TIPE i 2 OB AR AT RE EY SP ASAT SR.” HL So BE Ee FEN FOR AU AR EE BT BAL iT LR A TR PR BEREHE Se CAFE AE (19 LA SE A EY Dy 3 ABR? fe 7 ey ae Ha VA ob TT OH fd BE #9 Be 7] — Ss) TA BE” (Mbembe 1995). 498 3X A) FASE 71 (DBRT PARE » Ee PP FRE MARRS) HK AA LN Be a SR HO TT, BE SARK RVR IE KEL ATA RE 1 FE EFT HS BPE AE,» TT ABRAMS BY Hy ZK sR a PE A BSE TG” DO BYTE A SPAR AREA) AE TG © BODIDEY RL SI DBT FS “Ee BA PEF oo BE AR IES , ANSE AE LUI LE BN ER — AS AG 2), PES fa] FAN A ABBE ELE EA BARAT PE RARE AG SE BRS ft eee eee WAC AF bert aT) AE TSE BRP RTF ABR” (Appadurai 1997; 4-5) 0 FERRIES Fy MABEL BRT HGS AY 37 SEF TIE» AB AB TE RT AEE FE Ae AE EH BY HT 9 TADS 5 BY SH Ae HD fl — HE Tr THLE Dy RBG EAS BE FS EB AR AAR OR BENE ah FE 36See aR Zh BORE. IM, HEAR BITE 1997 4 9 A RRA RS MEMS RIE AERA KAD R VE LS BED? TER EAE BRA Crit Rogol) HA VB TATE A AIG POE TRAD AY UBER » PERLE IL ESE ARH TT SS FA HE BS TE BED BEN—TARRBERTE SEN ERE MR aS SH BRIN” Rogoff 1998) . 3 A ALR RA BIKA Se KE Be PR OSA WERE, ESR AR A TSA A TT BR BRB TG RAR HAE PH 19 CEH» AR A A — aT EAA PRT ULE Cintervisual- 30 ity) AOR ACER AE TEE TEE AR «E15 HK RR OY HB BAB BR 1980 4E AUR BURIAL AY SR” AOA TK Sl). HE 19 The RE AS IZ SAARI. ZE 20 HB TRA + HEATHEN (Georges Duhamel) OH Gil “READS RAE SOK HT BUNA RKe TRAM SAAR. SEAR + Pt EA, RRR th Distt A 2 BE AE ATS LS, BS RS BF A REBZ”. RRM ARE SE RY PERRET. MEMES PLAT AMKA. REA TRARRLEA CLARO LEM, AREER. EE RU ~ 4 (Cindy Sherman)®, A + RANA 5B HE ¥ (David Wojnarowicz) OA we BMT Be + Be ARHWTIE (Christian Bol- tanski) D3 Be 4 FEE REY TE dP , SEY 0 AN ES SE ES AAW. URBRAR RMR. © BEBHEAK (Georges Duhamel, 1884—1966) ,&UER HRA. — FREE @® Fil - (Cindy Sherman, 1954—) , RHRBARR, Hein ERE TEES POM. — PEATE @ KL + KAMP AER David Wojnarowicz, 1954—), RB BRERR HE AHREEERERRARKARK RAGA SUSAR SOD Al Gi. RE @ SEWERS + BEAR HMTAL (Christian Boltanski, 1944—) B&B 4 1CRE RARELAR. RE 373 BURKE PRR AGES PTE — Bh BE Fe AL ES BER SY ET BE Se A TT SELLA SERGE. HE GIs PARA — BT SL RR A Ha A SAAB RR AR. RIP RT I“ AR ER” (pic ture element) , FS 2 5 FE Ail SB 77 BE 6) FF PASO AE wh A AN. HR FALE IG EH FE TE AZ BA JOT BIB TS BB ARE CH eB FARA SS. OR OEE A SS A FEAR LO BAF ES be FETE Ba HB HY, EL A — RB aR RAR ER SCRE AN ESTER ThE RT AB HE BEER EK BO TE FARE SBR RE LT. PB AOL T Eh ES ARH A), AST) ABR A PAR APTA BY BD eA AH TT AERA. CHE RIL (ARIA QR GER. CHC ENA ‘HE AE Hi RSF DS ALD SBR A ZS Bd BS TT HE AY. ERM LEMAR A ZMK, AAA REO AFRESH TA PR RE K AAE P AR TE TA 3 PO RZ AE” HR. HE BELG $3 EA ERT A SE ARR He RAR HA PEA LG Bi fl fe A. OF OK Bh, ARK UR RE GE BR) (Wired ) (October 1997) BFR AY “SN EE MER” HIRE FES FE ME T UR. HUE SS tT BE A AE SBE YE RTE TR BEA RE VA ZE FE Eg DOS EB THX. R-NECLAGLRER ANY Tb, HEME ETT IEE BTML. RAAT Se ER BREA. Cilmi eT aE BN KAR REA BELA. BME OT SK BAS os RSA Be BL, Be RH I GS 8 Se HE Be TaD F BEBE FERS OBL FB HBC, LI Be RARE BA Hl HE 224, SX — BHI SRA. MRA XR BD RAR T — AE HAE T ER AJL KBE A RABBI. fa + 3 HE BRAK SB REAL ik DY I RY BA TT AB Se De ke FE AAT 9 A RH PR-SHOH FRA. RE T OARS HAR ee 38SRE HORM HF BR. ( SEHEIE Be SD EH BE PA BY 8 A Th Bt eB — i HEAT AME TH PL AS A FE RE, LAR KS BR DY (Entertainment Tonight 3X PEt HA AAT Bi it BI A O54 AA AR DE LIRA SBR TY rE CA THE Se BEY TT AE LAG Be TE (REY Variety) LM, RM MMAE ALT Me STE RY Fa AR Pa OE AS Be HA TEL BB ae 2S Fy a He a eT PAAR. PUTTAR BLAS AT OR” BO TER MH ah BRAT EHS Re EB BRET AA FT ABAD). PRT LA ee HE Netscape fi 2 Fi St BY BE AUR Se Be LA PO BU YA ET Ta Sa RE ADTREARMNAK. 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Morley, David (1996), “EurAm, modernity, reason and alterity: or, post- modernism, the highest stage of cultural imperialism,” in David Mor- ley and KuanHsing Chen (eds), Stuart Hail: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies, London, Routledge. October (1996), “Questionnaire on Visual Culture,” October 77, Summer: 25—70. Plato (1991), Plato’ s Republic, trans. Allan Bloom, New York, Basic Books. Pollock, Griselda (1996), Generations and Geographies in the Visual Arts; Feminist Readings, London, Routledge. . Rogoff, Irit (1998), “Studying Visual Culture,” in Nicholas Mirzoeff (ed. ), The Visual Culture Reader, London, Routledge. Spence, Louise (1995), “*They killed off Marlena, but she’s on another show now,’; Fantasy, reality, and pleasure in watching daytime soap operas,” in Allen (1995). Virilio, Paul (1994), The Vision Machine, London, British Film Institute. Young, Robert (1995), Colonial Desire, London, Routledge. 42SH WM ie* s >B-R RwH HERR, AB, BH 37 Patt eA IMB IBLE? BLS AS AB HE AAT FE AE? ARS (SPB EAT ARE RE FS SSE IE BET STM AH ARSE. CES A PH GA A A HA HORTAR, FR RE, CTR RIA IES UP ABS LIK). MOZELA BME RE, M-HEPERA: REA RNE VATE EA DE {SSH EA ERR TS? EIR, RT RUE AR PARTE 19 HHP I EA ST FHT LR ASEAN RMA TB, RT SROE ARR — HER JRBDIETE ZB EG ADRIFT FEF Pe AR AE BHA AE AC 9 FH BU FR HA (1650—1850) AIL AES 2. FRR a8 — 4 AT VI BIE BP 4 CB OTE BF AD EAR TE WOR) 5 CATS AAR ABB Fl AH A AR TE PN «FD A Se SH FAR SSE RA DL RE + CR TR BOR” HORE T) See ies FH HE Be UE Oe OE BR ATTA ESE TT ER FRB RE I — I. SP RR EN SL SEA FE SAR —MIR HARE UE SCA HY BED BE PR Ae RR HRA T RAD ASE. ER — Te EE ERR RM ERB RRREM ORE RIE AE GIA ARTE, RSVR AE SECT ALLER” 38 45eo B Mt EMEA SRMH KT R TE A. EUR AE: tA KH RASEAA—H? MAE RRA APIA PF RAE? az we LBS A IRE TS Heh BB EK FB BE A ELAR RTA BA) SHE EN Ws SH, WRT S BATA ESHA MR, X-HKEBTY SEA FBR LES BFA BLS: Co EY LE A EE, A AF RE TI WRI Dy A BR AR IRB — PE BTM ROE. BURA T Pie TEAR BEAR AS BE. 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HEA CARER HES AGRI ISSR EHP ET eh DSP FO IPT AH ET ATS PIF PLAS fe APF PE FE BBE BA LB JD hy “ft ATT AR A SE TAPE ARE BR a HOA Hy DUAR Sg HT BEL A RY Re AAR”. SHEET HR BEDS AE A EA 28 A ED ATA“ St BREAN TOL» BA — FFE 2 PE ih TA Se SET SO EE i BR RRAMH ARH LMA WL” Descartes 1988; 63). LAMA BT RATA ERE AUG ETE ROUT A. BB AR PRE TE HD FURL VGR 12 fh PR REET RRR, Ree A RU Fa REIS BVI IR PE BE. RR EA A dS RI SE BUG A “RRA A eA AR” (Crary 1990; 43), 4 PRAHWKBCARE, RABATRR. HA-PAMR EH 44 53S-Bo 2 TERRA UREA A AT BB EUR T —TEE AE OR TRRS RRS A. HAF BSB Andi SE SCR LIC A A hE OP RC PR EE Bt a AD FFT Ze OO AR“ BS JX APS ADL AAR 5 9 » LI FARIA Te — SE 9 Fil He eB Se A AR ED AS RE TE AC FA DT EH fe 3c Pe, FD ST EH fit TE BERBRE DK, FE Rb RA ho. AT ESE RB Fe UE HA — EH EB SR AL.” EAA PEGGLE AE ESC BD 5 AOBRRY FE RES ET. BE PEE ARITR IEA ELAS — FP ST SU» RATT ZB AAT RE BIE HE hE BRR. TY Ay he eee BAZ eS HE LH BB A AY ET PEATE AR EE RT 2 A th BRI KELP ARS Ai RMA T REBAR. 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(AIDE A Eh A Se BS we {A SE 18H; (Abraham Bosse) #1 FB — AEE ILA ERS AP IES A Ne Pe AOA GER Sb FA RATT RARE — RA THE,” Bosse 1648), RAZ, FAME — TEA RES BRS FAA OY TARTS. NWT ABTS TA LAT Be a 5 BT A AR SEARTSHE RAY » ELTA ey BBE BA) Be a RH 2A ED PR 3 PUSRERHANE PHL MAPS BORE RRM. BE ARSE BT SPST SA OA as R.A PE AB FUE — FBR BR CE A Pa FE A «TT AT RH BASE PAR BPE SRA PR TE AS SP SAE BIB-Z FAA 7 BE Bs RAE AY TE RAG BILPARAT fe SH ETE A: (Mirzoeff 1990). MBF AIIE SRC CBRARAURRA TRB LORE. EMER BAT RAGE RAREB HA BRS LA RAL, I REE @ AilK (Francois Boucher, 1703—1770), %& AAEM R LF Ah BLL VET PE A 0 RUA 4 AL PO 2 RL, RE © 484¢-V447R ean-Honoré Fragonard, 1732—1806) 3k MMR MAA SSPE RABE SIS AT FT LAA PRR TE ® #4ECAntoine Watteau, 1684—1721) 3: EAM FT A MA» FALE AIRS Sy JEM RTE TS a Ls a Hes. —— PRE @® KU Cacques-Louis David, 1748—1825) 3% AR, MIE KA EE Reg. SERA N, — ete © #98FAbraham Bosse, 1602—1676) » 2 Fal Mi iBi A AW Ee Hii A BBE 1 HE. 1648 HB) 1661 AEM PERT BBE. PRR TE 55Bll ARREST H]AA AREA FLA 1648 BI) 1653 2 A AR i 2 AD OT A. PAA SR FELLA YE Ze A Fd FE A. HE PR dy 3 FE We ERANER AY. BBE RTF autor” bale BY ALA EIT PRTG TH SEE AOR CAE Be ETE AE A + AB (Charles Le Brun) © yi Sy} DUA SEE FAY LPL 1) 5 HR A oS 2 AH ET A 5 NE AT AT ee A AA BB 42% PAPUA. PRLS. A oe eb A Sk 9 Bk 9 SE St eA To BUSTER RE EBM PE 9 SS OH ASR BL Be tA AA YR HUB BEAE MOG D5 ATED: FAL IL (BT AO RE PR BO SRE PI fi Bids «2 SRT BG oT «HS AA SOB) AAA 2B AAPOR “PL HE BEY AL 9 EZ TE SI 7 EH SS © ATP CCharles Le Brun, 1619—1690) , 3 FBGA BETH » HAE 17 hee Jeg eet Ds ES RALLY PAR AY. —— PTEBK REGHE A OFM EXT AL BRA A A PE , I Es BN BT AE PEI PB A TE A #9” CHuret 1670, 93), Yes 25 ATE fH) MEAG 8 9. 2d: EEO SE A RE 2H SAE RA ATH SBS LAR. WARREN T— HRM. RAM RS eR KR RR-AARE. DCO T — AA ERR 46 FORA APE Us EL 1.2). AEB Fa, AoA eA BA ER BE RE LP EEN SLE EY RE TT A TA As SAB AR I EE TT AA HE HAD AERA Ema at fib CHEE Se EA AE A SED» BR HE A BE HH SPD A BABE Ah FE A ea OG 3s TG AN A PHBA RNB MAS CEE TR BE SH BE (ECR 1.3), ES PREMNSME A BS ND RH BE WRB ER KTM HEA ALIEN LIK” (Duro 1997, 74), iff AS FEM ATE), APTA RH 17 HRM BRK + (Charles Perrault) Dé 39 “PFE 2” » 7 DBL BR AY Se BP 36g BE He I TMK. AEH HAF LE BRAT RHE SE-B + KT Jacques- Louis David) 4 St L3H 5235 84) 2 EF ) (Oath of the Horatii) (1785 4) (WL FA1.4), BMS Ale T— A. Ae EEME BEAN EDIE ZMH HA FEHR, Ea AS a TBUSh VA SEE Se SE BE SP GA. TEM 18 HLA IS HIPAA TA HE). Ay AA DG PL RE BEA DWAR SCS — By, Mite ATE Bh KR BAW Se HOPIR BERS. KDA OR Be bE RR HOE: SOBA 18 tHe EE ST EA “I BCE”, RAE SRR”, JEU A — AP LF EI, TERA © BLK + WH (Charles Perrault, 1628—1703) 7k HER. (Ae ME SLT PSNI AH (Tales of Mother Goose) +WLAS BRAEMEL? 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EMAIL ‘eL L o B t a aks TP SEE 50 BY I, AEA BEAR TSB IEE a — A A PE A Vi] LA SE S26) Po es FL IL Al SAG ASSL MT HEAT i FA SE HOLE AACA 2 — PED OA) SAG SE HS A RAR HE TCL. MEO TAL SA ERE A is FT RTE a OL, AE 60RK RAONE AK OE R-AK RR Pe aa Bb RA TCHE . FARA IPR EB AE e+ RINT, ETT TTS RB—THRN TE RE A EE RA BRE — A I —-M” (Metz 1982; 49), AUR PRIOR (RU BMRA, BARE ONT. IER TER TR 17 AAD 18 HSE 9 ta ASE PT HS BA PE HE BY I PP A FB EE TY BR AE , Bk, Beis AT A ee. AaB A RE BARBS 0h th — He FE RB -— AAT ISP. {BIT 18 THR A 19 He PI LT PA MK Ek SPUR AORS Hay BEL Te PPS al SE ERA TT SS. FBS AP TALI A th EA DRE AS REAL A BEAR T TRE. ARAB: TERK AAR + HEAT GEE» Wk ARRAS HE GE HA HE BER HALA OK + 19 CJeremy Bentham) F 1791 Fi AE WORK. TE WAR Cpanopticon) — 0 THE BE BIE — WER Fi SEM a AE MR TTBS Es PS oe AM aR. BORE AT St ETE ET RR A A IOE A te ARB AVR (th — A — oh 2 RE EA, RERAHVEAMSRT-THARH A. ABT TUBAL, RAZR ALED, UML ARE ERS RHEE, FER AY MME RET PL ART EAA EK. TER PAE AY FETE WR, “PLR KF: — A EH” (Foucault 1977: 200). TAFE RPRVAN-BH BNA RR Hl AM, BET MY. “My TAP BABU CRAB YT KAN STB TM FE AR HE BE REE — VITRO WASH RA. CARRE BER TASTE — TE HM” (Foucault 1977: 214), ik PRL FL IE AR LE LAR DPR IIR G2 bE 2 BT A 615 S-Bo BM WYRE LA, PU LR RAB AB LE 0 OE OA POWA AM AOS . ABLE 5 SUN SLC ERE 2 FEE EM 3) MARWAAURAKRET. RTMRRHBRS AM H, e RWERTHBEMARE MAAS | RE SER, Sut GRAD A EF EE. WUD ESTE RIK TARE EE RB es Aw TL ATA TB BE BS AMT A ARA A BYE HETE HAT) RE HP EULER ULES SCY HF Oi — PE FR SU Le Be RAE Hh A HT RE CI LSA. BI MR RT UN HEARN MBAR AZ Wy MUL”, LB AOE EE TAMER. 3B) 20 tHe seh Be AR ee wa PO FF ARE BO EIT A AR SAC TIT HR TM Be ie EAI LR SE AE FEL FESR. BUCO AIA RR Ae ETE F «AB HS BT Ld BA A HE RHR. RUSE a DAL WER AS A aS LE SET Sh SA PBR ABR EE EH Be ft — Be fs TT A ILA RAT EY SEAR AM EMA MA MESS MAY. ERR CEt W AMGEN RAIL BRAY MSS. RR. HOPMRMEANRIN—- THR. SRURANE. 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BERR ERK JR + #84 (Charles Blanc) DfES} 24 WE ZAR UD RE SRB te MABBEAR HME” XO A TEAK —F Blanc 1867: 22). WT SFR SEHK, HR PE “OPA AR RAB EM # MAURSBAL EY A” (Blanc 1867; 595) SFR RE MY UPI A ARIAL REA ATE ERE HE ACAD. BAZ TTT ES HF Hh AT CA RARE LA, Tm AUIE RY COED BY HERD) SR RE FG Eh EN BAU. SEPA « EHEC Anthea Callen) FEAR WRE VHT OE 3S FAB BP BG A “8, BR ART a8 Bh A A A eR PRA HALL ATES fl AFTRA ARS AH BRP 3 EB AAT BO HE 9 POCURABF SAE HR RL. KARE, RE Hw PRMAEXAA MMA” (Callen 1995; 114), BEAR AS THR HERA RBA ZRH Sh. SX AFB AT AE FA 19a a eB 9 AT EEA MRF AM BH 5 RP A tt es il £6 tb TT RE aE ET THERE. PMR E MEAG + LAF (Edmond Duranty) Os HRA RT AA E) RMA, RT PKS RSME. RE. RNB — AM TR, ER EPUXALRLR” (Broude 1991; 126). $5 WR AUBIIE WAR AA IDL IIE fee EF RY LE AA BE AS A A A LA SR Re HE BARA BSL, REE. BAER YA © SA + HMCharles Blanc, 1813—1882), A ARMER, WKF O SiC MARAE 19 tee aR. ~— PRE © RR + HANA (Edmond Duranty, 1833 —1880) » Hs Aaa AVAL PE SCE AA PAE MIRE EH EP ES OE R. —PRARE 69 woR82 BS TEA ALIPAC + TUE Jules Laforgue) FES F 1883 4 W976 A RROSZELP MFRHCAL SMA APRA ENS $I TS AB SC EH SR HE HE — i « FAH A RE EZR ALA RE A Oe BU SK He te We a A ae A ie SO eB) ZH eee 4 — PER WA A Ht LF POS BT BRA Re aN a i e — ANH LORE FE So th te Bia BR HAT a EH —— 5 — a AREF RAPRZLP. REBT EREH RT BARRE Bh. TE he ERA”, — WRERARAT RAN EAR HZ PERM EM RRA BRIAR RADA A BY REAR Ea A PH AR EA RAE HY FR PB Ab (plein air 3” HEH HY AR AE A fe BY AI RH WME BKM HEC NARRE-RP BHA L, (Nochlin 1966; 17) FET BUAR EM YF SE EF A OE HT eH PRG Sb» A tb LSE Re Ss AR A CA A FM EE BI RR, SEP ES T WH. HEAT A RAC DSR OBIE TAT RARER A DE, Hx E BUA RE GAR SONY ob | FS 9 PA ERR AY EE TG TE EF aK FRA TERR FAT “OE FS BH” —— tho JB 9 BR $B ESF. PASE FERC R A SEIT» ANAL IER Felix Bracquemond) Oj © ARIK + HUA HE Jules Laforgue, 1860-1887) , 1k HREM A. ——i ME @ SRPISEWT » AAFTLIERCPelix Bracquemond, 1833—1914) , 3: CUMBIA AE, TL eke «CH A AR UA» AS — 9 hs ©, —— PAE 70BH RAHAEAE OH D WICRP SERGI A — 1 EFT RRO BI BB Fh, DRE TAF SZ ft RF C82 Ais LSA RR RB EO HE i BR AA HK. TERRA] ASB AY, TRIE AE UA RHEBNHARARET AMTRRERRAS AMT. ABEN AER LIF RRA AB BE oh BS HE Pi FE AK BF ER 9 FE AE FB“ ZR T 8 I A HAE ER A IE RO SUT Hs RA Se TTB tT) iE 49)” (Bracquemond. 1885; 47), HMUIT BB. RM AS, WRAL AM MT “MAR”. FERPA TIIE FPA Dy A A EE «HB cee BS F-HERAN HE. ASU AHRE FOB FMLA. aH TES ARE HARE SLAB E M S MZ RAD AE FE “EAE OK OS RAE ER EA. fl MERA THANE REA CK CE EA, MTA RH FE Re SE a ABAD ATA Fes A —— HP) BB, BRA ER AB BMAWKA RAR BIRGS, BER EAE Bl (AE ae BO HB AS IML ME ——FE BE KYA TE” (Gage 1993; 205). AAEM LES RARE RRA Wy, fh te BE oh FARR SE ERE. B) 19 HARE MAT LF Beh ed Se AR, CASHART . 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TE BRITS + EA Tt (Oscar Wilde) (#/] iC iEHE = HA TE AU IBIAR DP WEEE MF PETE EA) + HK BOL) UA FH Aik — PRE TE SRE OR “ALS — A af EH AS TEL TBR TG A BRE I a AR hE. TEI ZOE 5 A PK HE 098 1 ERB AT A HG AR BR ATR FO BP, PE I 15 IRR KI MR Oe AP A A AR 72B-8 RENAE AE OY AR AM. PLE M— Fae, th HY LA — 7 BBW” Jenkyns 1980; MUD, ERR RAAR MP ARO DR. FH. ART FUGA PRD, HES A) WET RAY CE Be + SENG BY Frederick Lord Leighton) ORS AHbUE “FEAF EBA Z ARP RTA LR PNR DAE BE AAT SX 5G SEIU HE» 96 EH A BAY , HR HE AAS ZA SEBEL TE Ss — SH A Be PP BI” TXB — SORA AA RK» DLR AS EE AR A Jenkyns 1980; 145). 76 SARS = air ESL I Gk AA Whe ES A A EB BT Ra SAAR RT IRE SCIRUS BE UA A Ee “A ER. ABATE ARGS SH Sth RT EO | OE SR TR PAT BRE eT ASR — RB Ea, 5 Hs SY kD th SS: SK. CES + BIPHEZR (Leni Riefenstahl) AY H-« SPRUE IE ) (1936) FB BBA TK BIE Ba Sk HG AR A BB 2 HEA» Te A Te Re FEL ROR UG Ba AE SA ES fee a8 A HB AS THE A eR A FERAL TH ASA, OE A BERL HE FL 38S RRS — EL — EA RM EAE HD The Barberini Faun), FRE RA CER, BB A TALE AR BBE EE A ‘ULSI BL 9 AR —— 3 ARS YB Be HS AB HI ‘BERS DAY rst bh «SF AY UL AR 5 HR ET + Hs AE CA no Breker) 898 RUNS » Til AS Se Bis EAI DOA » 3k — a a BE AK EA RIB. BAB ERB BAA EAS ROR HS RE ALR SALAERT HOB ENR. ER at OD FACTitan) AEP ANA AE A, — iE © FWY + HH (Frederick Lord Leighton, 1830—1896) , 3 ill RRBR. RS ALOR HME LO RRA—, ALE ® 3€DE - ASF HGHEAC (Leni Riefenstahl, 1902—2003) , 7H HB ALY BR ARBRE Bc AA CREA OEE AD (1934) FAG PRKDL WD (1936), ——PRATE 73 2 06 BB Wt PRAABRE + HURF Walter Pater) ©, FUER 8 Xt 4s HA EH 9“ FA IE TEBE WARE, , fh 238 BASS A HE sat , SL BS BYE 5 2B CJ. J. Winckel- mann) Of) S/F ARE. WASEAR a Ze 18 Het A ES AY EE HATTER ZAR SE 1764) 388 i Be A BAR AR PE A FL TE. FER Ui, FE thy “DO LAR FINS Pik? BS HS RCE BEE BAB TER A rh AT LA ER 8” (Davis 1994: 146), > i HE IM & HAF (Christopher Street) at IA 4 ili A) EMEP (Castro) KELL AAR BH AEA PS, PR We FBR A (ASR TE ES PER Se RY RR HE» BR TERE PU ABLE SUSE FES SEMA. BAB ABE RF HR AT 19 DB EAA ES EE PUB SEALA ARAB ELAS HE — 7 TE BS Be RET Dh A BI SH 2%” Winkelmann 1786; 244), GPP REL TE As BX PLR EFT T AN BUPA RE Aa“ tS A EAA EIN LRA TE PRATT ZR 5 OT PAA fb 5 EAE SF 9 TE AS PR ACH ON UE PER APSE AE TEL fh BA STE WS AE, eA EE IP 45 7% AEE Tt AS A AUS 2B 5g EHR” Jenkyns 1980; 150), 7E 19 HtecMe SAAT 75 AR A tas ASE RO SRS FUE ARABI LEE EAMETS SE NBS PRA HPAL FAT EIS A OB CR FREE ULE AE He II PER RH HR TE OP SUPA OR ES E75 ZB Oe | HR AR He A EA A PVR" HE? FA + BR ATAE + SEA BRE (Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick) 4% HY ob AR A BET ey 19 Te FE) TS a EE A J Se SC AR SRST] , Es TAB GAR AS A ERT DS FEF BIAS OS — AP a SE A, RE A WT AR HB ae © SERS + (FECWalter Pater, 1839—1894) , EEG PERE. MESSE VB. ——iee ARE © WEIR BC. J. Winckelmann, 1717—1768), BMS AER. ORL RR. —PRRE 74BK RAHAT RK OY OR BRAK SEA FRA REAR 9 Mid BE 5 EE A HAD CE AAI Di ZS HR A EEE FR BR ST SEH SAS” (Sedgwick 1990; 136). PPR AIAR BRU TMA BES AOA IE SEMA. DWH AOR RH HE oe fe) — 7 PB + BE. LTE 1519 4F, PES WEI IN LAE Ze OG BE ER BL AAEM (Cortés) OF 3 (Fl AE TR PRIS Be “HA ABE IGAT HR” (Goldberg 1992: 193), AAA ERE PEATE FAK PR HA LSS ZO 9 eT THE AE TY BK A RADE SR Ss Sr a ATT Bh SL A Bt ES SAE. ARE RELA + $F BEST Richard Trexler) BARA ST PE BEA FE BA etn fa) 3 a 38 HE NY “Ede A I a ER EVA ZEAAY (Trexler 1995). BEI A ZE SF SE RDG AF RR DE Be WER. HE 19 the BES ER RA A LA HDRBEA STFA ESI » BR Aa FR AE a 9 A eh HA eh RR RO AAR S| PP Bs ABT RB AE TE. SRM AT AES HPKE 19 HAM MRESAWBS TMF AA HERR, RMA ME —TWB SEGA RB ME RLRREYHD HARSH AUER, RADRRMTE + HER (Herman Melville) 7é 1851 4 th RAY DBE 4 Fak > PBR T 4 2 HERS $5 SAA TEA ARR a DE ALB SE TK A REL, + TSE ARS A PERAK. WRERRABRT AAA B25 fh A RATZRKHBH”. hh: “AFSARO- WABA UREA FRB, AERA TH MAHA TCR AR FASE Ce HE Be) Ta PD ar EB HE A AP FARKAS BARBARA GE RAA EARS | BSR”. FE ABA TT RBI A 5] iS AO EMT 5 AE EIA ABA Bp 9“ — PE © BARHEWTCHernan Cortés, 1485-1547) REAM RA. 1519 FRA ALES BBE a, 1521 SEAR TAR Hy AIK Se BE EB PT eA A TAPP ARGS. BEE A a EF. PRE 7562 aH Rw PRATER MR. AAA SESRET A AT OS TEMA BES T AR PHAN CP tO T — PPR RLM 3k ER TT AG Be BE 3 (Pizarro) OBB L&E » LIK 65 6B sth BA BES ak AH 5 AS FTF AR Ae aR IR LA BL 0-2 IS 9 aT EASA 3 8 ee 0 DS BT AC HL”. BT TT 5) Bh OS DA EE BA HS UDB A ERT AIK BERET. SIPS RACE REE BB — ARG, ESA — PE BB 3 — A GX A JL EH — “CEES BMT EE A EM IC SB EB” (Melville 1988: 188— 195). & 19 HELA RSF CE AIK Be BK A BB AY AP AK GE AR RB A. BE HEL AY AA LOH GAB TTA. RAREST A — FRR BB 3 Se FEI ET EY SPE BOSE TO TE IL AP RTS HS ROVAR AR APIN At. CRT T YM RA TS BG ROA RIT LE RE. HORSE 19 Ht H CERT AHRLAENEAY HHKRNEMMCARB), WH SETA RR T FA AY Te A A ES AT BE KA HA FARR AY PE Ae BI HE A EA AA RA I. BEY AS BVET HBOS 5 FE“ oi BP LE RAR BE EB” EEN SARS» AT DABCK BIRLA WI RY BG FARE Lb "ROPE BH 2 ROE 8 A ZH BERL RB? EIL-ARRE RMR? PUPA RFA IS TAFE — PERE 1859 AEE © FROATENAL + BEI (Francisco Pizarro, 14757 — 1541), MEF RGR vB er FE EAH (1531—1533) 1535 AE ARE FUER. — iE 76ER SENNERE AE BR ASE URRMAEAT AREA RRAE. BRC NEE EMH RON SPUR Me, SEEN KLE K —-AHENUEEERY, BARA FAEA-HAT ARRBE REGRELIHURSHMCCAAT PR. PAMHEBR LR IT Ee Re Mb, (Henisch and Henisch 1996; 29) BUAELES Ke 5 EAE HE AB BE OR PR HE RK IS ER MAR ARYLPSRABEN, WX WAR, BBA A Bee PRP SHC T HRA AE EH MATT BE TBE TL PRE EE. PLR KHPAKBREEBA RH RASAR EH ZR. BAR RATA PREREDAFWA SURE — EGE A HG ARTE SR BR T. AAAS RT HOLS Ke, AMES ST. 63 PRUE Bit A TR ETE SEK Aquinas, St Thomas (1951), Commentary on Aristotle’ s “De Anima”, trans, K, Foster and S, Humphries, London, Blane, Charles (1867), Grammaire des Arts du Dessin, Paris, Jules Ren- ouard. Bosse, Abraham (1648), Maniére Universelle de Mr Desargues pour pra~ ” tiquer la Perspective, Paris, Braquemond, Felix (1885), Du Dessin et de la Couleur, Paris, G, Charpen- tier. Broude, Norma (1991), Impressionism: A Feminist Reading, New York, 77BO Wt Rizzoli. Callen, Anthea (1995), The Spectacular Body: Science, Method and Meaning in the Work of Degas» London, Yale University Press. Crary, Jonathan (1990), Techniques of the Observer : On Vision and Moder- nity in the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press. Damisch, Hubert (1994), The Origin of Perspective, trans, John Good- man, Cambridge MA, MIT Press. Davis, Whitney (1994), “Winckelmann Divided: Mourning the Death of Art History,” Journal of Homosexuality 27 (1-2); 141-59. 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RVARARHEROR BRKT. mB 2H 1839 46 BARD + HL! Ht (Paul Delaroche) AR T M14 FT RK 81 656 a B-B RW it UIP) BRL AR aS at A BEE AR ft BE TP BT “AS Kb Bi3t T 1” (Batchen 1994), RR BIZER PRN MIE RCRA WMT UREN GARE ME AE VRE AMP SES T . MARE, AAD SEAR AB i nN HE TT TE ET ARPS — FHL AS TY DBC RPP BBS SE BT AA 15 EE 0 Ht BS LAK , YE AR UA By FL AR OR A — PP SS HL AREGREORELOTA, RAE AWRY RRS RIF {219 HCA RARE ATRIA ME ROHS ARP EN. a AUST ATMA Bt TK BE AB Hs RE — 9 HP A 3 Bre PLD Fh Ee ORI MB CL BEY» A RRO IF AR SH. EAB AS AFR TSR ABA REAR 19 Th Gk A A TB AIT SRE AE. RTT BLE NY A Be IR a BB HE AY HE a oe A AE GA DAZE FADS A Bl A YI Ee HBA By HE SE Pe MAT BRAUER A tT EE SB TT MBs RE TENG IR BN BE ED RS A a), Tees — BEN EA PEAR TA EL RR — PP 9 E17 tS, BK RRR A A EY A EME HOLE. T 18 tid BACAR APR KORDA HERS ORE TR SLA AK. FSR, ABI + AL + 9% (Carle Van Loo) EH BAF) (Portrait of the Dauphin) pHi T ik ET TERS RA RMEFERAKNMATA. FL MMT KRALHMS KARR NLUCRER HAHAHA RK , SERRA, MF bE T BA Be BE NTR F BAEK A TF — 1 RA A SE, ER i TR EARP PBA TA EE EBT By BT PAE BE AI BB FEB. BY 19 tH 2k eID «Ey Bh a A a AS BR {LB RBA A MRE Eh RARER MD T— 82IM MBNA 1839-1982) RVR RALE— A RRIEMFAR. HRAN—-BeBH (EY BR AG 5 ERAN SRE T Hb EB. CEE AK + TET (Nicéphore Niepce) DF 1826 *F 34 —U HEM J AMICI» DANE + SRR — RH THE TEBE fe DA 5 BE AAT GS RRECA, RUBE PAL LR ER, RZ 67 WEE EB EP EMER. ARRABROKBAERERE i. H JERE AEE — BN BPW AE — AE EB, ELF DA FEN He fl PE A 38 FY 3 lk — Jeo BLA BAA + ELSE AR CHiip- polyte Bayard) #3& BA 42 3691-38 A BEAF (Fox-Talbot) fit ef i IBAA TERA Ht RBG A HT — YH. 1850 AE FC Ba YB BK ZK (Na ar) Opeadt T Jee HY TB » AA TITIES a 9 FS AE BY 19 HEAR AWE EA RR. RRR TRAC MRR LA RARE | AUER. BRE 1864 FER RC UWE + FURAN + #412 Julia Margaret Cameron) °7E LAS Xt he AO HLA. BEB RIAL “FZ SEER? HEA LAT Z PEROT RA EA EY RR?” RORA—HASMCRLA-HHVERER, CALAFIA WARP TAREE, HORN, TART “SER? Te PEE AY (LE EA ARAL EE? RILEY LAE Seat eK J + EE AR + TE 4-#¥ #498 (Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon) O(4 F 1818 4F) #4 D JEREHAR + WH CNicéphore Niepce, 1765—1833) , FH ALFA R, 1826 AEAATE FT FER — PT AA PRA BR PATE ® EK AK (Nadar, 1820-1910), 1 FSR HR. AH M Gaspard Felix ‘Tournachon, “S475” {th 018 ii OI PERM BE. SAGA ARERR 19 Tite He Sh BR ZHRBR AR RLASRERL, Pa @D ARNE + HV AGHF + -E AEE Julia Margaret Cameron, 1815—1879) BYR, the SAW eee AR E.R © RIE + RBI + WY4-H YRC Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, 1818— 1881) 3 a. ——PRATE 83BW R21 LS-PBREOMAM + FAH RAD {RAR TAIT i Py A BK REA BED PR He a PE EBT Wi + RAK CAlphonse Karr) ff 14 (G18 + BE UA Fe“ AEE IRAE HP AR” COUPE 2.1). (ELA AF AHA ARTEL TE SET YE ATT EA HAR AN HD, AS USB, HU ES AR AS BE AS TA BY «EAA ts LARS 5 HEL 2) 5 OLE «Py FR A A — TART. APPR HEF He hi Hi EE 84MoM MBA (1839-1982) to FE a Sh eT AR RK OR RR GL OR A AR ERPS RE ORG RY ARBRE UE— HRA RA SAKHHE RERGORRORHEEERATLH ES WEE 5 A BEB 4 PR GR CANT BS — A aR A RE ATHKAF RK AMREHRBRAGE HW, RLABOMA A FRRAK SH AA RR RPG ML ee FR SAR REA, (Buerger 1989: 58) BEM REAL ths — HE Wy SA Ee th] SEB TO RS ATT BD ‘RRP FAL SLO UB Zs BR Se a BE BE EI HAR AN IE MSS BS AEA RETA — I. RE TUG | DER MHL TRS ERE FR FETA RT AIE SY UR TEEN. PAIR AEG] BT “Gs REY AR TEAK” FB Maurisset) Of 3%, AMM RELA Hy BB Oe RAR AE A — ARAN BEE — RETA ER EE TS AC HE RE A BA eB, SE. SBR FEMUR AUS AB HH BLE BP EAL TA AN A BO TOE Se Ue ae He Bas TAL ARR IK. AAT CE EBA S62 2 A ATT BR SE RUT HE 13 3a RAEI) SERCH ARMA AER EE TF FEA SE HM IAR SC 5 “AE RAR A 2 FR” 3 PH ST GX AR. BEAT — ABT tb ORE RO I SK HO — i TEM AR RAPE AY ATT tH BSE “HE 2a RR A LB Ah Re” ES SLAC 33 APU» SX BL Es Bt OR Ua A A Dd — HE ff. @® KFR(Theodore Maurisset, 1803—1860), 3 RUMI. SCH HEB AY ARIA OE 1839 EK IEEE Uk ARTE RK BO RE We He ALL, PRE 85 68S-BF BOM BU a a BR OK PA A THE AG Se A ME a BR Sd FTIR PA. REE Rae BA He DB HL — AI, TK — WARES ARBRE MY PHAM, BREA RAS SPREE. EA AE SEB AC OR Hi PE fH A (ALLE ff (] ZF) OHS A TK DD, EPP RR BL AR AS + AE (Walter Benjamin) 3X PE 282838 « “PARRY AAR PT BBB, RAK, AIR — Pay AAR. ARSE Sat BAYH HR AW INT TED PEARY » REE SEO)» ALB tA 2) BH HRA FHP EY “CAR AEIN OF PE 4) TT A a HF PR RTE” (Charney and Schwartz 1995; 284), APPR UE-— Xt 97 WD 4A SS AA Ae A —— BRA Bae Ha FOG. — ALT TT CA ARS St Ds 5 Ee ws BE SH A A — BT ‘IIE » AL BOAR: 1830 SEAR EHS HAART Dk tA EE JL SO Pe UO EE BY 1880 EAR PREIS AIS RFE EL — BB De — HE 05. SRE CURE 7 — PP AG RT MEA SSRI C AR A fale Se BTR APRESS ER Hh. AF, KEM K A SETA BS BOR AAT pret x TB). RE AEE BA Fey ea Be a a Fe — AT TT AL APSA A J Se nH TET, FLA PB A Bh Se Eb A HST OR CL PE MELE SE A BE TC BRT MARZ, BUCA Se th BE BIR IS HH) 19 HH EL ARIEL —. BAG GIF 2 HIF BB (Baron Haussmann) O7E 1850 FA 1860 AE FR ALIS AR A HE, I SB BEE TS TTT LS HE AE BE FRET SEA. teh Bb oh FR T AS ARE, @ WR} SA HH (Georges-Eugéne Haussmann, 1809—1891), BA FA AUS THAR A. 1959 AF, ME HH AE si Pf AE AR IR 1 I HE II PUR TITRE. ST BEBE TE RA Ph SE ASL SS BA ELS FE HF SAA RT Re AE RG A EE BE i PP APE VA BAER A ay I RB MET RUBHKRK. ALM THEE RAD ia Aw ERI SRA — ALL, PRE 86IM MAHA 1830—1982) WA BOS THE, — BAER AL RI EAE BR ES FO FR ERE SA Bt eH Sak TH) RI DU He SE A AA FUPG (Australasia) FH RHI J OR. BATE AAC BI 8 9 BRE AE “OR A” Gk IL 0 HE a A + AR (Charles: Darwin] A918) HAT] FABRA ABET WHS Ds 5 HATS TRAE PK LE T BERATED. et 19 He AHA BE Bt TA) FR BLERAT HEY FES ELE EAT AN, BA AB TE LA RR RB BE OT BEE ERIK 19 HS ADL PERATURE iE SE AL AAT TH RBA Rit RR ANA) ERR AI. CEI RAHARBAAMRS MO ASH RVERELHTA. CR 2K + TAB IK (Charles Marville) Oi) Es HER 1 (WAT BA dT FAB HERG SNES TES BERR, CE RBM EA) HOR TIE BAD AE EIRP AGE BR . HE Pe F 1859 EHH CP, Sb + HAAR + EMO (Oliver Wendell Holmes) x4 35.9 Sit i AR 09 BL Z ADH SK A Aa PARKHEAD AMT. KL, RHR NT at KR RTRARERBANREH BERATAARBRT. OR M-BAAM ARR E-BAY RH, MRERNS BBE. MRR, OT ICE RE I KR Be RiP BDA BR RE CA RAR HRA WCAG HK, RRA RAIL KM. REE KY SRR TB EB TI RA A Ta, (Gunning 1995; 18) © SUK + GHA (Charles Marville, 1816—1879) « 3 Hi RL At ALE BE EE a 5 1850 FAB Be 3 ETH BE ic eS HI EL, 1862 EE BR Si. —ATE 877 BB RK ERTARP BVRUASZREA—-E, SERMKM SLAB, AT TAR TAR RE. 15 SEARS ALA 0) Ye HAAR AR TT MF PO BE OS A AREA, SAL NS 2 TN. CERT LL PERE RCA BIE AR + RZ ALAR ( Blanquart-Evrard) 91850 4F fi5 BEAR ‘FR FOR SME ARTS THEA 0) — He HE BT BR HAY CZ BC BSAC SPALL AUT UES T RO SBE AEA) + fl + HARE EHR Joly de Lotbiniére) 4¢ H4HR 0977 Bh BEAR ERP TE eT Te] AB E—-FRLFZ WOMB PLEAR LAH B. KREIS aR» BAA A AOE 1 RABEL SO EA Se BO HR —FF” (Buerger 1989; 49), ERY HPPIRDE, MBSE ot a BE SE Ra aL Ze A A BAD HA PE A AC Hae TAS ASE J DR MARIA’ WHT REPT. UB IF aA BE EW — FP RR, A BE BRE LA — LF EY HK A TE A SR DT a ALF it PERE OE ARR ES. OT A FRI AF EL He eH» 44 HF (Etienne-Jules Marey) #12 084 + Ai §E#} (Eadward Muybridge) Hi Uo. 22 ANZ JETER] — A Te CPA ERD AES RAM AEM TBA UA ART DAMA. eT BERD AAI + SHAH CLeland Stanford) BAPGTT IR 75 Ap HE TED TS Pee OE EE BSA ATL BOF — A ABE — PBA — PB A). 2 AS ee — GET UPS AE ADF GABE AR ME «SUF th 8) — SABO Fa CE ET A ED LA AB) Dy 03 AH PK. BHAA MATE ARB TITS HAT BOREL AT Ls wh 89 Eh PELLETED HET. aA ae Hh MM Ee Le, A BE © ABBIRAR + SRICHIK( Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, 1802—1872) , 35: ait WH, hE bE AKAD RF 1850 4 AR Be Te A AY he RATE 88‘MIM WAI (1839—1982) JHA AAR RAL BLE AT LARA ERT 5 i Sieh 2 AR eB EE A 1h» AAR BL BT LA Pe AB ABD, OR BRIAR A ORI PG Si + HEARFER (Driga Vertov) ORF FATE AAU ARSE LA ZE PLR “PR RTLHTERER. REL — FSR. FRIZ—SRALAE, AY AFC FR A A A HH SUE RTA” (Burgin 1996: 43), PAREHEMIS SHE AKT FRE REE RAEI BEAR AIH BE BU — BRE AR BAS 7 Bi AAT] 19 Be a PE A Hi ALPE IE RE EE GE SY. PE TT SE A EAB AN HT BE SFO MBSE» PE a eH OB NE TG A AY AR EL PEGI FEA WT ESE FA, 1991 46, HE AE SEE BREA 4100 FAG. FR OEESFE Rea eSE 5 BREE A Ay ARE Bie CEL PR A A A A HT BR FRE 5 FEVER AE A SOC BOE AR» BIT RE BE FR AD 2 ee BEAR 1 SERS ABTS BB 4S BEF» AB 2 Ot A ES ADL BR BRE ERR AABN TY BERL PTT AR TT SS Hs BL AR TER 5 BE TERRY REND, TF LEA Le Rh FE Tha RID FA TATE AE I AEE BEB — UK, PERE A BE SCH EE DR ASL HERR TE A AA AR HR 1852 SEK HB BE HY 2B HK La» EAB AB AAA aS ET BRT PED EB ZETA: BG BE BE DA EL RAB SEB) WY BR ABARAT A 99 Fi TBE SE 3 ERB 50 Sh, BIR A RBS ALM LPR REE EN. HT aA TNE WA PR TAX ALL SSL DE ACA Vie TEL ft BH Sk MER REEL”. © MPARFEHCDaiga Vertov, 1896—1954 4), WIR FW, PRATER Wie LA SE wd, AR AEA A HE BLA AD The Man with the Movie Camera) (1929), Pear 897. 3 B-B R t OAT AT LAPEER SBR PE 5b AAAS TA] AS BE a CE YAIRI ATE + FILME CEmest Lacan) 338, 1852 4F ROTATE TRIAS « AOREKRKEEAK LH AW L—HAWRKOEHE BWA ERY A CRA KARR RAB RY BES RABE AA RSH ReRARMRARAW AE He BLY. CHAS RHE —-AHA ERIE URAB A PPAHLAEAMAAM TDL, CEEHRERREE RD ERNALYEWS AL! (Buerger 1989; 51) EE RRB 2 REAR YR BE PHY AS AE A PR BE AE PAA ARNE K— TRA —T RR, CES GHA EAA REAR IIE SR. BURA a 1 — i HBB RD EO A 4-5 A (ES I FE A “WE a Le SBE FIR GIB EE HAR BA BAR 2 PRB AT 55 HERE ZG 5 SEES I AP Dy SH Rah FD BR SEY PT ta AAR Ee AE PE AUDA A ITD SE (19 RE SUAS i Be SH os TS TBR Fe atte TTR We TRE Se Ar «FY 19 EL Se A cS RBI ASEM) . a BE 2 UR PBR Pe FS Sy 5 AL Se BY A AY DS BAA LARBRE LEAD BGI CRP BBD 5 lh REY RIES, REL EAN FATS ADE BEI 5 HEARS PL aE EA BARRIER. A, ABA A CB te EY EH AU “ASABE” AE FL VATA ESA He TB AB BY DRA — BABAR AE» LE Se Hes SA — TBE A OA LSE PEA BE SE ARE AS J A OT Lt BE a 9 HE ZS McCau- ley 1994), {HA2TE—T RAE DURE RE Se SEE ADT AR» BE ADP a BY UT FUE BEBE T 188 Ot eh (ie AAS HE LSS BDH PR Re teHIM MBAR (1839—1982) ZI. ERT RE VIER RR, ERS RE MB AIRF YP BE + 5857 WF Rosalind Krauss) FF PEAY “ak TE HE” 5 RN A BE 5 SE HE 9 GE BT A TEAL AP AY, EWA TE HCE 16 PLR AR A ARE ah DAG HTT REBT ZR. — WF i — SIR Ar aT DA ae ae PR, i tT RTA IX RAE A FRA ZAR AS LR BK BET KITE RAY BE — HEF Hh HR AS IE SE BRL bh LY WY ESE AY BZ WY” (Benjamin 1968; 234), Schr, 4 AR FEW] E1936 SES HERS HOSEL BEY BG aR PUTS + PTR AS FORRREA T LT ARE. AE, Uy RE EB SA FaFE ATT 9 HE Hy 2 AS 9 HE ls 55 HB Ae 5 Be A BD ST AS AS OMIT. te 1855 SE, AEE EE EM SL RAE ARAL RMS. 1859 4F , SER BEY RA UE SEAR AER AEM 5 1863 AF ES RULER ADRES ZS SS FEI AE TAD TR OT BRA 2, R SRAM LMT AGIA AR. TED RAG SI A , BY WROTE PLA PON RO BBA CER AL BAB A BE ON FERN, OER YE NK SP de Sth A 9 A A 1 HHRNSRRTZS FH LAHSA RE AAR UBFE MES RMF RT “KAHL”. KC SRE SAMA BRT wy RAE. RA RES HAR —-PAGK DART MEPRRLY, ERMA MLMARRRE, HH RABE Tl oy AME. (Sontag 1973; 15) 9174 BB RM SE + BARRE RTE OLA» FY TR “eT AS FE BY TURE REE” (Barthes 1981; 71), (WAY RUBE Di. RRB POR IC SRP CEA RE ME AE EEE AEE! GH), SSAA VS» BRERA SIL AR Sh AST Pye BA PE Be TT FB AR AB JUS AP ERED «HUT BRE BFA BE LY RE RR, RATTRAY EBLE HF HAD BT 2 WR TR Es SB OR APLAR ABU. FASE RAT AL MASAO. EY EE“ AB A EI”, TOA EERE EZ EAB JL. ESRD TP BO a TAD OPERS. CEDAR ALS HL REE A RO Be a SO + RT TE AH A. ET PERE BRA EA B56 A ET (Barthes 1981; 92), HAT PR 22 BU OSL Z JGR IAR. EET “ROHS FET BIC” Barthes 1981; 97), RXIFEABFE DLL. SERRA SPILL + AIEEE Clean Cocteau) 3k BE, BERUL “GA FT MET hE” (Burgin 1996; 85). ELROD TP Fy 24 Hy ih RAD BN A A A GE REI AE AVL WT HELA FAY HT) OC RS bs Ms 9 “Hd nk” BR “HRY” ABER 5 TET” BR ak — A AF AB BE BCA EYP FL TEE BT BRO, AEALISP- AE ths TAR OL FE, RAB RR AY DE RATT SB BU AG RT HEH PARE Sa IE BE AT aL ARLE YA HAL RAE AER BF — DA» SB REL PRESALE RB “TE” © ik + MEFECean Cocteau, 1889-1963), 1 ZAR RAPER» TE HEM Is BLAU EE 2 A a A. RK SD (La Belle et La Béte)(1946) RAF AK )(Orphée) (1950) 3, PERE © “BAA” Cpunctum) Al" UH” (stadium) #2 EY REE CWA) (Camera Lucida) PUFA TP AR. OL RABE IE AE EH Se AY A HR Ss 8 EAI EA» ERE — BE AA UR AT” J BAMU RE PEI SM AE SED, AEA HOE TE SER RT EL GMBH ASHES KAR. PPE 92IM BBM 1839-1982) TE“ AR” ERIE Fs BRAT BR A HELE VA HE BAY SS AS 2 SA TE BE PRR TR—KARE LERFH—-KLE RSPR BIRR RAR” EM, HAH EAE HR JA BR eB AT HE ARR RT AR SAR RE RE A “HR” ASE ETRE. TERA AOL FH Hr LAE BT a OY FR RAW AP BAA. BFE CE He aR DT ARO — SK I EAP RR”. TERR TE WARIS A BBE FB EDL BT BSE AE” SCG ARI TP GE FE A FEE OS” Barthes 1981; 70). Bt#i—“S HERE AFH Bi HE Bd 3 HL — A st BLNGR, BWA MONTEL RPL “HR Oe Ie TZ GER RRS AA RAE ARE RAE. MRA “HUA” RT BERT SRS. SRE Oe a ATT AS TSH PETE EA DE OB BRE FOE EIT AN 5 TE SEY HEB ALE BAY AS IE Be AA Se Ko BARA—M A HRS, CLAM AE AT eT PBRKCHRAAX, KMRL SWABSRT ROEM S 16 BETIS AAR I BEE 9 BUR ER BA EE PATENT E1860 FER ERP RR IR LHS RRIPSE BE * BL AE tk Se HE A EA BB PEE BYR ABE CY A BBE RE SE A A BA ME UEA ATE FA EF ET Hn, ETL, AAT Fe LR PARA AN ALE? A A ZO FE TE J ABORT. EBL SE RE ARTE, BAA” (Nochlin 1971; 60). HITE + FEAR UL (Gustave Courbet) fi RF4E th 4 SURHAYBRALYCA Burial At Ornans) #6 1851 AE (SW IEE LSU H.SRTRR. +2 RHRCAR EAE REY —- TOE, Ti AEE T PMTCT” IR BE. FETE 19 He A ATR — BRIDE EY A RAL A 93 7576 BY BR WEPLA. ABI. FET Ae ERD TAR AE BR BP TALE PS SER AAA AB Se FEAL. UL ATE LARA HE GS FSF “BARRA, « PAL A RE ETB EAS BA: AT EE Hl PB RT Fh RARE FSR ART ERS RR ERWEETLA, ATR OLE, CRA EMHtao eee ZR AEE A ACA BN AE Be IR a a] sR. TOE ETE AT KER TT SAAT FE ALA EAA ADA A. 1861 AF A BSA EY RY TK OK SE TERA ETO A. HEB BR AT AR BA Ds» TE ATR HT A PY SR TY tS HEYA BE p. MER RPHCMRY A TR RBA AI. RENE ARS PARI » HEB RR ARAL T — 3 5 eI OR BUFF 1871 46 3 AR. KSI BEAR — FFA RE EEA AA CSET GEE A EY Sh » RR T OHA RO AE RR REE Se A BT BO tn HET AA AVM. 187146 5 A AM BR A BUR EXER AF F 25000 A. 16 ZI AER FH BE A Ri BeBe A a PEAY KAGE AHR BUE 2G. AA PS ARIE IB 28 BB Oh DS Als, — Fr TSE A= + BAAR (Eugene Appert) 22 T — RIS AB AEA BHR HRT RAT S| AE BRR a PEE ALP SVE SESE EF -FE BS (Clement-Thomas) #2 Al FL (Lecomte) 2FMbIE i SL be 5 BK JR Ar BF Se AT AF fl PE BH Fa ak FL A ES Hs 9 — SBA A SE eB. TE Re 32 FL LE HAR AYA HHL DCL” Tldustration) Hea +, EIA BIR SHAR AO BER, TG AE SG tS IR BAT Be Bak BR HE HGH MAA (Preyblyski 1995: 267). FR BUSH SEA A FLA BR PUA AE REN AT As SS 94Moe MBAR 1839-1982) IKI IONE 1 BS LR A SPE BES PE BE H. AG HAAS EAE 5 — Fe dk RT NE A 9 SEK ¢ PERAR NKR ZIG BIS AP BP BRT i, BIRT BARA LU AIC T AU RRB, FEA RTE WBE. MR. EAS a Sc He RE, BT VALS RT OR TEA. BOT — TT EU RE KR Et AERA LAP AH ALA AL FT TARR. MO RT BR RE HEE RCA SHAE BT #E 20 HHA 3). Hh + BAAS (Eugene Atget)(1857—1927) # thtA BC REE R— BB 19 Hise see ri ose AF I. BS BAER. SOBA KF RA RAEN BABERR. HT RHEE RH AKT RY, UDR RMA SY AS + (Man Ray) XEN MERA T AE. HBS HE RY BRAT SOMR 5 ROR AE AB AAO A SR. NER SREY FAS BAT ZAS A) SX Me HR AD SE HE APG ZT AE BSE BE» PE ABA SE FEY ES BIT BD FR PER a wa HT DROS. AETAREN IH Re 63 BHT TT C1908) BR ATE AREA SAS ER BT AT Bb ay USEF, WI De Ba As a Be CLP 2.2). ZEAE ar S eSB PFE — iS, EPEC HEA Se EA Mk Bs ATI: MA 1900 FERRARA LRM ARAS RAE BAX. HARM EGRAARREERY RHREREM. MERGRERRET HY HRCRKEA TRALEE. BAAR RRA RT GREER MER HRA T RAH KEER. NEE — MRA ARM FER tT SM THTES. (Benjamin 1968: 226) 95BaD AS EAE ih baad: TREY COS BIDE Ut RY ES PE FY PLBEME SY EX SPIER. SRG SUE BE OR Rt HE AN A RAY ETE: SCY LA AREA a HA eH SANT JG PE EG «CAL TTT «EAS TD eH DI MEFE ET S| A BEE RS HH SEES EMR EE UB ZF 1910 AEA A RR i 96Mm BAH (1839—1982) B23 ARFKRLLEMEAHRS OHM) A AEY TEER TOR Bs 4 SE A FAS, SARE DBRT 5 CESAREAN, 4 SE FR TAL ED a A ft BG HOA ABAD way FE AER Ath — FP HE hs BA BAO LR HS A A $i Jee — SEH SG AS Ha OY WO SRE eH STD SY HR SR, XW BR AER Ba aU TT He BE EE ADL EB AE: fT SE ORE: A — 2). HAT PAE + RL CRobert Capa) fi AAT HE He BE I HA AUT AK & TBR) , 1936 4B 9 5 AD. SR IE ESL TL BEA A ARH — 4S AE a Ae Df ae 2 WF 0S) ee. PE PE I A a (UTEP re AY EIR TL. HAR RAT A it BELL. HB FER ARS EB RAL SEA BEA: AS PE PT A), SF BRY ALAS SE A EY ARN AST) AR: 4 BR ES STAN SH FAB EE EAT SAVER EE ELIAS AS AA a — SE 9 A FS HTB DHE. PEE OU BURT ABD AE ATE FOR SI ES oFS-BS MH A. ARM, 1996 FAA AKL RERECS RMA TF BAS — AAA TBA PAL 9 RB TE HF Sth PP FR FHA EFA BE A, PEER 60 SEZ Jeg HERE A a HE wate? 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PERCE RAT RE REL TA 2 9 AS SY Fk I IR 7 3 98Oo IMB PH (1939-1982) TER REA ROAM, BORA AE. 1938 4, EEN EE PREG TC LIE TA “12 ABP EH IST A , BRAM A A Db A, a SR FREAPRBACRRAE RRA LAD RH. AN RR IE SER AE AE Be 6) Te] — 7 BT A BE Ee ER HB 3 BH” (Stettner 1977; 8). HERR RBITE HAE LA MIB) TRA RSA SAT RABI MILEY Be. ne A — FR AEsT. PEE Ae RATS PE TH 9 “4 Bh BIER” » Ue AA RAHA BRAS TOA. WEI ME A SPST 0 J Bk Hs SR — PE Ta PEA 1940 SEE ERR (LESS (On the Spot), MUR ATTE RE A BATE P19 — FB NE Sis TAL AE BPP IS SS RC OS LE BRB TTT. ET PRERT MB A BBB AR AR ASA 5 tT ab A PRO TFL » RARE Tab PS eS be kk —“ BLE”. HE STE BAAN BAS JR, — J a BD PE — a AE — 3 aR FERS. WR TRA, bMS BRR ER ERT HA” LEAMRAAOAADATWTAT. HEMT SEB AS JR ITE» SSE So JT “ARE BE AE, — PE PUREE REAB TD > AS AS, 8) EZ EL A FT BE A A BB cLetrers WG 3S TAB — AE BBR AY De, DB A I ET, Ft 2 ome I” (Weegee 1945; 241) CH Wh A 2 mS FATA) SCF BB 1H SB) TA EA) TB SD] — BS A BC file noir) FREE HL REHM FES LY BO E LIE EH RR Pe PEL TRE A 8 RY HR CO 8” 99 2 a WG ED» AR Dd BE BARU R— BAAR. TERUG RA BRB S (The Big Sleep) FM RS) 103) The Sweet Smell of Success) $14) HBL, BA, Wei OK TL I. Ze 1970 FEAR, ANT + A PG Martin Scorcese) £4 3¥ G7KH 4S > (Mean Streets) Hr HE HOME TAM, Tt 7 1990 EAR, ZERIT + 846-4 (Quentin Tarantino) AY 77 4 Fs SH BE 998 R-Ba ww B24 we RP ats 1 PRE LB 1 Fea BUCH EPA DN A SC Hh PEC AL EU DBA WR ZR. (HE A RR PTE E+ BA Nick 11) 4S A BD 3 Ry — RG HE HF A SE Fi MASA CARS) HS BE BE + PARA AS (Mark Hellinger) 2 4 i 1 BY. 2% Fr AR ARMA + 26% Jules Di BU ARAL YT 1948 FE AY TR SELL FEA SASH TAG BZ PE HL Bet ef — Sy AR Vd LF 19 PE oh A BR SE BA FT 2b RA 6 a ARS TA AT AETAHR TT LEAR A, HCY Bie PA HB Lovers at the Movies) (1940) fA BR Hr FELT SAR BL WE PR 8) BB HE FT CI PAL 2.4). TETERBCRIY Fe 3D Ny PRL BE 5 DS ITAL ALB A SY EL BEE SEA WL OR. AEM AIRE a A AS AE A Ae MB TERI PAB PDP Ze TEBE » WG ZL PW aE th SEA ACA ARR TT APL. AES aR AS A Ea LAIBLE T MABE TTB AEE AG YS BRE + DAB SEA ST HY PI Bitz). ASP Ala Te A dal AS A Bh CE AP eB RK i 100Im MAR 1839—1982) RRS TERY OE, CARE A BOR TH ASF PEPEBOR FE th ERO, AS HCTE RE HAE + ART CRF 1953 SE) Be DU Bt — Bh FERIA APE. EMM ARE Pe an BAB RUA. iT BE AB A ABR DATE. WANS Pea ic ae T A MEE tH Fi th A Re AE VE RR. AA SE HRS TE ZS TE A ATE GES ORE A. A Fi HSE TSF VARA, TS A ADR BA A A EH OE WELTER WA ETE RT OE RO EU ARETE (OA WET EAE. RAR T REAL EM 82 KB LS BG BE SBE EE HATS BE Se BS Pa AS HL $b Ait Bt Be BRA AR STAR JS ERT REBEL AT VRRAR—T RRB R. ARBRE, CHE PRR Ate AAR Wi LS THF RRR SOA BY TT PE PS ERT HAR | HVA (Mitchell 1992), SOAR THT A) FG BE BB hh BA «AY + RT (Barbara Holly Goldin) 3 Af) 1965 4F 3X ESS AGTEK TAT ARN RBBEPA AC A Hes PR fie AO 2S + RE HE A) EB a Bis HE — TAT A ERR TE L996 OF BRB FRB” FR aT a 9 BERR PK ART TOR, A SR TE PER, TE RE BS ER (i) » ae Fe HR — A TR RE TO A FARE. XR TCE ET TE — Fa A Fs 2 9 SRT WPT TBAT HAE A, TERR OG FREE A RIT RP MA BAAS]. PERT AE © MENAE ASH REEL A ee EAE 42 KL — RL BE Brief 2 SAB — PHD AR ELH BEI AS AE TE 1951 AF Weegee 1961; 117). Jae83 B-BS WM FRA ET SY ELT EMT TDK MR RB) — SUE”. A BFE PERE MRA Ot WP 11. ART bh A PAD TT BE SM ER TA E14 7 RE RETR. 18 SEIT ABR UE MTR “RR ACHE AS RES BAR EER A Sh BCH th, ABREM AHA AM ASCIEIZ” (Goldin 1996: 9). FEB RRT Mi IFb PEW TES RE REE CMR TERE LR TESURICIZ HR BURT BOE RLS T PAPAS A A AE MATTE 70 EARS ARH HE — i AAT AE A OT HE Se eS RRM RMA. Me Eee RM —_ ERBA AHR BE BRT TPE SE PSE ZI AE ZO A SA BU BE FER HAUT AR EBON AAT) LN Be A ah HEB A AMBRE MH UKE EDA ES HARBORS. HAE FRPLOZAAN. RERRKMENK A BANBSE RW KAM REM, TL-AARHR EATS RES ALTE ON EE at ARAN HB Et a TR a TR REVUAR-HKAMGK. RNMRKELEHEE ROARS SEK, LAM EMAA AMER HHA. CART REM FREWEX. (Goldin 1996; 7) SEMBLE AUS HES AA EA — FEN BK BK 20 FEF A HB PREGA FEF] 2 A SE TA CARE HE (Diner) (+ Th a 4) (Se Elmo’ s Fire) CU7K MAI) (The Big Chill) BORA) Trainspot- ting) XBW ABER TR. KBE FRAGT ME Th a SS LL BA BE SE Ah HB 102BoM MBAR 1839—1982) AAV BER ART (7 i EE FB OIE SEAS. PRG PREG Ewe He BLT Mth PE aR A EE» PA TC YP A aE SE EE. KE RURALIE A 6 AVA Fk i RA EE BE FERRER ES MAM RT RATER. FEMA FLT BE 9 BAG LAL KAR (Satya Community School) UA BoA Je CE Bet: HAY SAREE BEE SAR eb EY ROR PRT TALS. ETL ACS ETE — EE. BEA 1973 De Je ART iO — fi A AS AE EL FRAG MM — TL” YAS 4 Fk A I SE A RTE HE 4H Zé 2. 5) FEWER + PRA RE + BO eS a» SE FE TRIE AS. ZERCTK HA, MERE (Z 20 BRI TIE Se RAT RIE F KS RAR TRE HRFHT AWB RR FEET VBE BB ERR T (Butler 1990), 346 THOME TEMES WL BH Hh — HEE HE A BL HEF KAD SOA BE BH” X-WEAR MET SRR. 3A 1973 SES ROMO E SS PE RE IIT. HILT RE SAE HERE. RAR T He Ya SY RE HE A PB SH Be BE Hah A EE Hp AE LAB CE ew Ce» UP UA Be Bi se Se AM RAR GS FR Hi RRR Ha eB“ a a) AR HE AEE UES MARR RNAS BAD MEE SSO, HE EYE YOU AT» ARE 8s Fa OG» TG 4 ok HR ZA" (Sussmann, 1996:101), iA HARARE HE RS» 124) 198030 KAR FF RSET BE — a SAR» 0 eA LI TRB, AVENE EM RASA LTR, Sub at FR EBA PS AB a IL AK 1994 DTT, A EE BPR MBE IR SE LL A AE a 5 i TS MB CIALPRL 2, 6). {EL eR) PR TY SBR SE RT A TSA Be EGBA PY RA a 8 J 103BBO Rt jr 825 (59me4 RH LH, REM 1973) 84 HK. LAR T ARMA Ae TE HT TT ee EF HAT BR HAC iM ARBR. SHEE BT BA AY RE A AT A AB BE AT AS TB Jeu LA RARE HEE DAM IE 0) a, a TAT a HGH A Rt SE AT AAT SA» DAE I YH» PE MK ART JB MY SUE ib AXA EA ERE te FR ATT A A. SAPS IES A Hs BATT A PRA EE TAL a hE 2 “Tif ah ART EAE aR STE SS HZ ER a FBP AOE sp LIE A a | A tl AB cite BEB MATS APB Fe + FE CLue Sante) BIR Be Ht 85 LPR ATRL AYA ARIE ARTO TEER kA A TR 104MIM MBA 1839—1982) B26 (FP HMM BA, 44 1994) THB” (Sussmann, 1996295). HE BUTE API » tb AY A Ar ALL BE op HELL PASE wi ETT OY EA i ED SR, J FAL MA SR SYTHE EE 20 AE SERIA SP: — A OS “UG AAT]. RAR IR TS at — BRN Td ev “TAG” TB iB PE. SP PLERSELINT + HeAPAb Ae Douglas Rushkoff) iP BEIY “HL BRET AC RDA OK KRAUL. —MRMNBS F 19 hai. KART He PA SCS BE”) FRR eB I SARA BESET ROMINA. BORE IBLF ME AY TIBET 5 ALU BPE AU OD ER I LB PY FEE AE tT AiR HO — TT BEF 5 TARA I EE BE TESLA T BOC PE RELY BE AS SEL EIT EE SE — FG iy CREE — AY ALFEIR. 1984) (UPR 2.7). CE SCS SP EE HE Wa a Pe BE FEI AO HE REDS SEL CF PR EY SEE TE EB — 2a 2 Fisk PIB Ab IS BEC PEI IE SUAS A SRI TT FURR Pe AG OT, RAZOR BD EA a 6 1058 B (AR a — A 8 441R , 1984) SEE BIS FAB LAP AG AST AR DE. ty PRET) HI AT HUME RT HR AE IY A ERE Hy FE RR ATS Be aR 0 SF BEE MATCH EY TE A ao BT BSE FAC PER SRE SEI SE. EW — A A EE AY HAZ EACAS AUER TAWA TAT AR A PE Bi A UR ABE 1960 FER HE AE AHERN). UR mY fe Se HL He ak ala Ze EH eT COULD TSE RM AY HO Ty JT LE) Sammy FREE IG OCB Ba Ai MSO TA BRR LAT AEE RE TE SE FLATT ACHE AE BE SP ER BS BP AYE AD BR” (Walkowitz, 1992), ABMIAME TE Ja HE EL 88 BA TS Be As Se SIT. ASR TY OBESE AR OR TET AD IS > BE PE tA HL BG SEHR I RE RF BD BS. MATE EEA A RG a PE FL. CESK PAE TE 28 wT DE AB EH ACE ES AR AVANTE WE AYE AR EDA IAA BEE TAA ET RADY Be TE SPN RE PS AB ASE HD HP, PRE AR AY RAL EHR ABE BET EERE A OR BS 106RIM MBA 1839—1982) BELG RAE EIA A — DUE AE ERY 89 I BRE” (Weegee, 1945: 138). SPU TREE EE 40 4S A RRA ET AY T PAS PE BBE eT EE EPR ERT HR, ARE HE 1980 FEAR AOE AS AMEE OE AE, EAE 1940 ERA MHRA 87 BARAT ABS, BIL—AAE. TX AY RA KS CE: SEI Abate He Ra TZ Tb 5 SEAT A a PE fy. HE LEA 2h th BE BR fh SE BB —$AR-F§ RG RABY RARE BET BS BIN ORE RIT AE — TEA, Sth RAL LIE TASHKAR, MAW MIETOLERA LPH AM, RAMEE RRA T — PRE BARAT ATE 9 BEI] FESR RA SPE M. SEG AI THAT AAT BS TATE EE A KT REA AS BS ROT FARA LARTER. MO BAA AC. DA BT A HE SPER) SE Ais» SPE Eg) a TS ap ae A Ea TT SE AT Jb ATT 3K EB A FB AED TF EA 9S RM. TAR AEE BFE AERTS AF Fs SA ad PE TT ET SCR HE FETE — ARB GEIR T ABE Tah A — PE ARLE MBI FT AB SSL BE AB eH A PR A Sh es T PRR. PA FEC UI TERR X JERE, 1989 AE 10 Fi DIR TK HER FR A Fy RAAB BE Be Se BB AT AB SD AR HD A AUR EER ROKR RR Ty RAE AAA + HH (Dylan Thomas) FLAY “SIE Z IE”. HE AR ADL FA ib LA A — 22 eh BE EA ED (1983), ‘ABST AS PE EB $a ET ts URED LL st A PEBVILIZ. 1989 4. KK T Bi TTB GE PRATAP RRA LAE HS ER BR ERKRAKF BRE RG ES ICH — TB. EAA BB ARRAL + KAWPERIER AMOS MOK RE TE 1078 & RBS Mt Men FEA PAA A 2 ft SB FH OR A LS EPR PO — ARP UR “RBI A RIA, RAT RR DIN RAPE. R BO ARAE AE FETE AO OR AY TF 38 49 — Hf — 9S, fk A AY SL” (Sussmann, 1996: 375). FEAR ZIG SAK TEER Eh ts AB SE We HE Dd PEAS RP ORT JK 1991 BI) 1993 4F ART FES RA ah Bs HA Be HG AR TR ET FAY EAR Te BA — PRR Bf A Te SCOALA. CELE A Be A A eB ea RR EAHA LEAR TRE. BARE ETS. FE CHE RR FF) LS HH 1996 FERRI ERT BI RR TRUER ER FEAR RR LAA TA EB EC, AR EA SB HE T AMI KE BRT SOB. UM RU We TER MR. RB HUARKEMB- TARE, REWBLBS MARAE TA FERRE ARAB TS. HR TAB AR Hr SE RB REBRET ED, Miwa T—Y)” (Goldin, 1996: 145), RFE BEAT RS TER (AT A WER IL BAR CELL — Topic. 1970 ERI T BW BM AAMAMEREE LAAMNELA, MMB, LRT S SATE ABA AR A Ee TB BR Re EH SARA MMAS Hh. WS SHS RRNA KAR, tht SARE Hep a TE Se TE Fa ATT EL, ERC RBAE RRB AR BEE. Ce CITA TT 20 FEZ es AH Se AL FRERRESMAR. FABRA TRA AM RRA, A MBAS A PA 3 AT NS EW ZB hh BC ARE UAE VASE BE. FEPRAN IE» TEER ART RY AAR SE EG 4 fe EAS LL A Bf E Hh AREY R. 108BI MBH Ae 1239-1982) RH — TEM DOK TE — BABE ICRI ARIEL BT 20 tt BO SEAR IR PBL A 5 aE Me, BOG Rt Gy BO Be 5 BR St th BPC. RAH BT AF He Py RM EAL 3 BR TB AE ARATE —€§ BD BATT FB BE 3k HT Ds SE sR SF TRAM RE BA, SAE 28 A a PP EHS Sa BRAGS AS EAS SE TT ER SR A 9 AS OR HE 1982 SE 5 FR BIH BAAS ZS Fe BE EP Ab ATT 9 EP hy HE BE BAVA”. BRT RE TESS Re Se Ra AY TOR Zh FE RA BR CPLR ATE HE) HB AG TE ES BH BB ARE AE SM LA $s fil CRitchin, 1990; 13), K-RARES HARES) —-TAF RE ERR BA SAID CE A aks Ra eR A A AK ST, HEAR PEK HE CHT FR De a AY AEE OR BE AE RA BT. 6 1980 ER MRA RASTA AA ABE TT EE A BE ABLE MIL ZEAR Photoshop 3x F¥ (4) Ae FARAH ADE ASE A ATE 50 SETURL RESCH, WARRANT. AERA AS HRBR—VY RES T eh. Be eT a Pe a BN SRT 5 CIES HOLES 5 BEAR ELT SA rts AB BBE AE A At HEF FE. SBA OS TPF SF BA SRE 2 ACL Oe YB LS DRA SOLER FEUD HE BY) 5 BE BALE, 1990 4E, BBE + Se Rodney King) BUYS AL DURE LST, — (8 Me REY TH FE IA + WE AA (George Halli- day) Hi 7 MALO, HARRIE, BE MP OR Ra. (PE PAE LX MEBRRABEN., BURL RKA-B-B POSED OT REP PRT IR A He Set RT A. ET AG cy 21 ASE BB —— fA AT Ad Fk Be FE $9 8 109 8990 BB WM tt DEBRA AMIDE TRE —H. RARER. at PR RAT RS Fee HTTP CR HE SF TAR DAS SA, SEDO VERA. OTT SCOR WH BA eo SEH PO TE EM ARR MRA EE BAK A — Fh BER BL ROE SBA A , MT Ds UAB IL Ay LH AE fe} —$ BP) EL A Ae SR AR HE BUM GA Bh BBG DOK AES BRO BU — A A SERRE HLS a) SE ESE OY BCH A LAB A RR DA TFB AOPAPR, LSS IUA SE BL TRA AS HE ORAL TEBE PE I ZAP TEHK HE RKBERO SSP. AMM. TE es PEER WH ARE RAR CZ. EAT AE AG 5” BE BH C0 A BL AR TE A RR bE RFE 5 TE HE A EA AE EE OP LN SPER FR RAR AES Ee IE fe EYE RET, 1996 AF SE EERE — ERE BME RE. EDN MB RAB + HH (John Warner) 49 RE 36 HEE Ee + 4 aN (Mark Warner) EFF 7 —SyHSe EAH GHIA ZE. (OTE EE A Hl PET 45H ARIES Sb a e+ TE RSE A A AE CRAM KERRI + PEAR AE (Douglas Wilder) #8F 03% 4 WUE W T PE SOANSE A RODEME BIMEIE— "A a SE”, ERR A RA-KATABA BAM BH - PMN T H—-TRES ARIE. CETERA AR OT BG EE, ES AE Bet PRR T RA. SeXLM Barthes, Roland (1981), Camera Lucida : Reflections on Photography ,New York, Noonday. Batchen, Geoffrey (1994), “Ghost Stories: The Beginnings and Ends of Pho- 110RMR MUI R(1839—1982) tography,” Art Monthly Australia76, December 1994. ——(1997), Burning With Desire, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press. Benjamin, Walter (1968), Illuminations, New York, Shocken, Buerger, Janet E, (1989), French Daguerreotypes, Chicago, IL, Chicago University Press. Burgin, Victor (1996), In/Dif ferent Spaces: Place and Memory in Visual Culture, Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, Butler, Judith (1990), Gender Trouble; Feminism and the Subversion of I- dentity, New York, Routledge. Charney, Leo and Schwartz, Vanessa R. 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French (1892), Sudtanzo Sultan: Adventures among the Masai and other Tribes of East Africa, Boston, MA, Arena, 111Hh Sontag, Susan (1973), On Photography, New York, Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. Stettner, Louis (1977), Weegee, New York, Alfred A, Knopf. Sussmann, Elizabeth (1996), Nan Goldin: I°ll Be Your Mirror New York, Sealo. Walkowitz, Judith (1992), City of Dread ful Delight; Narratives of Seau- al Danger in Late Victorian London, Chicago, IL, Chicago University Press. Weegee (1945), Naked City,New York, Essential Books. —(1961), Weegee by Weegee, New York, Da Cape. 112B= Me AM eR KK a HUCAMRE. CHARS, MAMAS OLS eee). He BRE , HEAD BE — PRS LS AA DLS A PB a 25 TE), ERAT RX AB HE Be a 5] a A AL BB, FF A A — PB PE ts PT FABRA 23 WB] «CE HPAES AR A TG BFE OR Bt» tH AR et BE A Fy» TAFE CE DG A ZB] ASE MBIT | WS RR EN eB EI TE HE MEDEA T RAWLINS RUA HF BH AO TSR EB FDR T A HABE» ATS OR DA BLL» RA Se A RIAL FAS MEAS (A) SE AE RE. CB TT SO OB HEADVARWERIEN— TM. HEL, RMA-RRKHHR, JA 18 HME EE MARTH RE MER WABI S KBR ASR SEES ETERS » BAT YA BX Be 2. PATI. BAIT Re Hi 301 9 BAR 1 1S a AB HAS AE AR BBE ET A: PA AE ROE LEM TRAM. FEA SEER MEK hy BAB FOL BA ad AR TB RR TF ASB THE ABATE TS HOARE» Bt Sa TA AB Mh 22, ZEIT BADE SPO RR BAS HES AUST BGS EIA ARI ALE. MEE ARE TSE OT. Fe ETE Ae I HE RY Wy BEY AEH By SE ROE). SARE SWAT HE ZI RA A A ROR 92 113eB BH SHIH TRA iH BL SO FY SC ne LA) , AB HE BS ARS BFC. PARA 1786 EFA ET LAY WRT — OE AR BE BEF PERRIER AB“ I AS HE HE A TZ ” (Apollo Belvedere) , $£ SCAB R 2 — Se REE PRR. AERP RA SEITERIRAT 3h” (Massa, 1985;69), RKP RAE RY HE A 2, Re ME, RES TTA ST OR RAD SOONER T . RAGA MEI. TE 18 te REI TRA—HOAMMFHHAAR. MWR SMF - ARSE 3th( Thomas Jefferson) Ef BI F432 HIE (HM RiL- PAKS + HBH (Jean- Germain Drouais) ft) — 68 % 9y« % HS SH ADRES A) (Marius and the Gaul) HRT SLA met 5 A bE ae ATA a PE ER RRMA IT ESE Me ET bat. 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MAYO PE SK 0 Oe POR BP lH FUT ESE A AY PHD RAAB lt MBG MA ERP BEBE ABA 5E FEA AE i eT — 2 aD RL A “AYR ARE. BIA T 6 FAR ‘et A We CS BY A ER BS BIAS Ie SES BR 05 WAR TD «SH A A Be UE ee 3 OY BB” Cir schhorn 1996:117). “498, HIB IE Fe 98 46 A916 #5» BN oe 3k (1) AB AE FEI AR AS He FA 9 AS TT TAS). Mth BE — OC RTT OY «HS B25 BAAD TF ROH + BB PL BH RK We (Eugenie Lemoine- Luecioni) 4) 58s“ ARRAS EF IT AFB — A) ee YT AE” (Hirschhorn 1996; 122), —S AGIAT MISE ESE AEA AY PERM © Be EM” Fal BS 0 5k eA AY He HL 2 PP BE Wh 3 AM) TS 48 + SHEAR EFT] TA + ASEM” ALT A” HL BB fy 119) 147A327 RAE nA] 09 He a ABB TELA. ABTA ADELE I? SAVORS 2 Se HA A REPEAL HAT TAR SE? RAT ER ALY BAB — Be KO BT HEE AE? HRCA — ASA AE HE TT? BAF LE WO BH Hp A 9 kDa Oe A GRE 05 1) 5 JF OPA LC AS «TR: FDRG | AA IR Bi HR) 2 YS DP HR AR + FEH2K (Gilles Deleuze) #9 A af HAE Hh HE —— Att DA ae Be TE EHS 9 Se LSE BE A BRR REUSE Bi EAL FE LE WOR BAR PIE SY A” (Deleuze 1993.35). 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TEL AE AA) LX 5 TE OA — RANA ERE Pt ES I FE PA S BH A i () )” (Butler 1990:133), MSRRIL AER RI] —- BBB RA AL I UE RAT BA TA BT, RAH RE. FTE RRL SE (Stelarc) SIAL IM » FIA Kitt & Stelios Arcadiou) OY 4 Ae Fie BERR GE REEF HP COL PR 3. 8) AB BIE HE AFT RR WEA, Hen ES \ Hand swriting) (1982) Fd 1H Fe 3 FR / BOK T BY {BAG} (Elapsed Horizon /Enhanced Assumption) (1990) (tii T B= A “HR”, ERP SEN AREF Too JOS AB BER RSE GR RABRABXLT. Sik wR — TI ee LE A” D MERLE (Stelarc, JR% Stelios Arcadiou, 1946—), MAA WAHT HER R. MM EB RISA KFA AMAR SAS RAZ KRG I Gi. —BaE 149R-B Wit 38 MAM Pit RY AAR (Dery 1996;160), SHEBOCAM YZ. BH Bent SHEE 9 HE SE SRP OK DE MESON PR ity TER SC HE A JBEGB + tte BX (Donna Haraway) $F ik IAT OY Se RABE AE BULA PABA MTU AA HE AB Be Sj 2 yA ate A EA) AB EI AH IR EMER. AE APE RE IE ALI: 150 KAN A A TE RE 8 — Ab a tl FAB oF RY fil ERB A BR AR” URDLHAXRAAERAA 4 KBR SERA E MY EK ot ke He OK Re A. RADARS -PEFAWHRETRLEEEHHSH PAKENAS EH. A ARE ES OLE BAAR FER BRA EY A HH BUR Boh At #3. (Haraway 1991;154)FSR RH APSR NARE FERED: LAE HE PERL AVIS ARE He BF AR TT LB BE + ASE BB WR“ ET TA HRT AS LEE aOR. TE HELL R-FARCARHKF MRA MAR RS BP PE DIE AS) RARER HH EE. ATES RAE, MA RY TOL SE AD BEA , ERIE. — SAE B+ SIR eH 8 YE BET {> (1936) BBB BETA HOB PE. FFP Aa 1b Be PY A PPS RBS ACOLIR TRI » KE Ze Be Ae APB Be Lee yA A A HB HASSE. FEM ELBA HSE A, A Ah oy BA Fb Se HE BR, 1997 2 A, LAR + ABA Can Wilmud) WIP 122 Be E/N RE Be wh Oh hb Se ET — RE I EY SA. GK SLATE BBY 20 ae BOS ths TSR Ie eR AE. SER SE TE FREI T — ENT Ea i eA Et. SUL BRR Ah ‘SEIU Ce ae EH HB TR SA a EP AAA. A LA A aah EE Hk SA ZT RATRED ART. CRRERBE ORLA THERA MEAD. JUF- FE » Ae RATT — EA FER SE SC HN RE A (ee Oe OAT RRR T TRA. ERMA EB JOYE ATE 2 Hy 0 Tk PATS PSH 5 PR BT] ER ARENAS BESA RAPA ee. BERR a HEC EAE 5 FLATTS Ra FA IE PB A ET PRU. ARNT] ABI FLAK PE AE — PEAR DLP AB EE PL ET BEM. A sh Bn AZ TA AFR OF HE? SAPD A ABB E17 A 18 thee PE Ce A AT A MK PRR ORR + HRT PEE eH CB -y OY BF DB TT, “8 AEB SACP SE A SH — FL AB RM GE BY” EPA T BRATS KT BLA SC AEB RA CAE (Foucault 1970: 345). Abas T PERK — BS Bs FA — Be A —— FE AY 15112. 8 HB BH A it PE a A Pe Fe XH A I LO fe SR A ARTAXPRE RR, TEAR TE ET fh BE tA HE OY BA = “A FR Se EE AE ATT A Ho SABE PATS, MRR RR TT ET A SE SY aE a AB ee HE HAR — UR AE 18 tHE AR SP A a BRERA PRT AFT RA eR ARE TB FE LB — FR” (Foucau- It 1970:387), FEARS Fix A 30 EZR. ADA ETT ELT BF BEE AGE TH RR BE , TE SH BS EBERT Hi BF BARS Ps EDR AE RS A 09 FE AB ES EST A PLAT DAE TEAR PIAS A. BRE BE REE AR AY 2B A a a BE AAR FA eR A A tr He TE AY LAGE AS BAAR se FEA. EE AY = A PA J — SRS OE FRABAS CRASH SHAM ARES 30 4B SERA BPE TBI. ARATE: 5 IA ET PRE BL RT SEE A, 4 SUPER SH TR OE AL. TRA FEF EAA SCE GEN GR 5 TE UL TS 5 “TR SP OT EAR TA — FR PR RE EE Fa FET RT AW AR HH” Foucault 1970; 382). AM TARDE. HE — APR ESE PARLE TB eh FE — FPF EG” (Foucault 1970:380 2}. Hk EMBED RA BNA. 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Woolley, Benjamin (1992), Virtual Worlds, Oxford, Blackwell. 156SER MO AMAR ais GREATER BH th RR) Bodies © INCorporated; http: //www. arts, ucsb, edu/bodiesine “$07 478” Independent Living) , BUMUiE AB 2 i) ALP BF: hetp. //www. inlv, demon, nl/ SEINE AHL” (Deafworld) ; $2 Bt 4s 3% EA 29 a9 0 ef AUR he tp://dww. deafworldweb. org/ “HLAIQ” (Netnoir) : http; //www. netnoir, com/ Keith Piper, Have RRB: http://www. iniva. org/piper/wel- come. html “SCY: DS BB ME Hy” (Renaissance - Facial Cosmetic Surgery Cen- ter); http://www, facial-cosmetics. com BEHERISE. http://www. merlin, com, au/stelarc/index. html “SF ANFSH” (Voice of the Shuttle): http: //humanitas, ucsb. edu 157BoaD se ttSspye = pS3C4E: A Kongo XJ Congo 1920 4B IEPA AY OH FA 2 BERK > HRIYT CLangston Hughes) 48 CEFR PAS b AAT SY, te Bk EB a a, RT HGIAD SCENT 5 PRIDE FF 3h Ap LI A HT Ze BH FBLA Ss SC BRIN BR FF WA AB BE EPR ANL A EP B SA T — —AE8 R FE ARTA ALE YoY, PTT AR Aa TR” AR PP an AE.” AE 1S GP 2 HE RAS FT itRSS OR BT STR: RPHEARKPER-BES LAKHS PHRASES. 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AEA + RN 165RoBD Kt WiH14) (Henry Morton Stanley) OLAS Al CHF BB G2” — FB th DB EA WL FRO AB) (Through the Dark Continent )(1878)——HAB TEAR TfL SA AE YM Fie BA HEB RRP 3S AC 0s LP] — FR Ja PUR ES S&T. TA A a A ET AR ‘5 SSH BR Hh ee ee SE RT ETP ORAS AMR BOA AMA AKER RAAR ES BRE BY RASHES A RRA ob ik ABB, AR (Kongo) 36 AE — FE SCAG SRSLY FE AS AK FAY HHT BME AE TAR HE 9 A, EEL A AIBA PE ABE — PFE RN HE BT ST EE Fy BEAVER HB 5 PR Rae a) BY 2» TE BB SK {EE BL — AAS FG Pe AR ABE a TE RE AE PS BT» SUCHE See BS Ah EM SE FO TORK. AL A EUR — ARS ELIE AG EEA HS HD RU ATT RAR RAE DH AT SHA PR = ty 9 EK — RIO DK PRE TH SA St OY I A a EO SH BO “BE ADEE EAL. OP A AZ al — Ph BE” (Gilroy 1993,16), ERAS EA FCT FA ABE A 16 ite 19 the EWE ye AE PAH HA 4H BI — BB EA SRE BSA EA), HEAR ARH 3 IS OR, RI RT A Ab’ 2A Sais. TAR TOE TB (Santeria religion) i) K als PR BRAT F nh HE XTERM EMT A. Sek, POUR tia eS BESS PA EA: ab TPE DS RL Be ES RE SE Fe ALT FE AY KAB. ERR, 2 BOE ER Bk ADU + KB CPerry Miller) © BA] + SRT - BJA] Henry Morton Stanley, 1841—1904), RR 2988 + B 2 HiUohn Rowlands) SBA AMOR. SLX 25 SOR FIFRA EAE A Bt FO A RACE + ADT. 2 236 FG WTA ES CU) EEN ALR, ERLE AGRI ED SLE BE PE ee EB AL SC ROBT ROLE ASCH 092” (Dr, Livingston, I presume?) Hie BHE A SER. —AE 166SAM FKLL A Kongo Bl Congo EA — BE BOE. ET PRR. TE“ PRE BR) SAR FE, A PA EAB “HE BR A SE DUR AS A BA 20 HEA A TT Oy cde Ms SE 7 RF” (Kaplan and Pease 1993; 3), KM rA BM J AE ON EADS Be A Ate BE — a be FA AOERA SEH. 19 tthe FT OE eT BAS A Oe kB 3 TB EA) 5 TA AD J EE A A Fe A HN BC PEFCLINTT FT A, FE AERA Re tb, BE SL de DR AAD FARR re TRE XA ER Re AWA ARMA. REA F -RRBRAR RL MARR 2 MUTA T Fe A Rh ——E BA Ef aT 8) WARY BES —§ SE. FERIA 1960 AE(R RRS SCAU SCL EERE Bh T , RAST 1997 SERIE + SESE - RFE (Mobutu Sese Soko) SAN HUSA AR EB BtHE BS. SF (04% » FE Hed Laurent Kabila) HF Wik AUR BS ESE AN APO EE Fs. TT EAR FE BRR FURIE A RE BEA EA FE ARE BO A Be A HE RAT SWAB PRERW—ME. WT RRER-H, REARAT-REBEP PRT AUR FT BE Sek EBLE — ER EES. Sb JS AE Ti R BERLLE 9“ FRB ABiti” —— CTE 1998 ERR RAT Se A OL AS, SE i PELE #0 AR TET BD ab TACT ELA ALA AVE AAP ft ke fk BIE AEP ERRAR HES Pt PRB TE I A BR a i AE gE. EL SRA Dt 5 By A I A RR SS RE ik REM — TBS ER TE KARI ET ABS. CERKLIL AE AA aS TATA 15 Hike Ee BAFTA WH 8) — 0 AR —— Fa BAR SH HAT BT (Kongo) A93¢ 46 » BB #8 413117 6 LA BAB LA EC He E38 EB A TT PF BREAD 2 BWR (Congo) HURT ASCH. ERT AT Aa BRT AE 167135 Rams XK RAUF MP Ds 9 HE Ss TS RATER E SCUEAT BUG Aa TART. FREE TE — BIB TE J PALRIL AW + AG (Ernest Renan) SAA eK BY, {th BE TRIO FEY AB =H 870— 1940) HAMAR, ARB. Ze 1882 H—- REN RR UP HR “PRE SS RACE Hh WRT FR — FR BE EO” (Renan 1990;11), 19 $e fea SB) Bal SC Fa BE eA a AMPH His, CME RTA AH RAG EMO RS Hs, BRAN FS A Pas TSE 3 A ee PS RR 18 He MALS AI. CNAEARERT KT —-HER HAMAR OEE TEAR. HLEEIT 19 thea HA ike RE TR ZA — BE EA” AOE BR BB” FE PB TE ZH ARB, FEST BEN ER OKAK + PETE IA (Captain Camille Coquil- hat) — 39738 A) HO BY Fe — 5 Jew Ey Sw HB 2 Sh FARE » EUR IE HM BE LE SIE BS EMIX (Upper Congo) i A Bt Fe AH AAR ILA BL HA AR IIL — KG ENE HE — HE AIRE WNEXH LRAT HARRR LHL EE Ay a AAR Sek, A Re aE Ph a HA a A TIERRA AAA aE. OWE RAD DUR BIASES. (EAR MO SR RAL AM RT. (Com quilhat 1888 ,483) BDH AFUE 3B PP 3 a ED” A A i TT PE EA ORT LLZE TOPAAEAE BBE Ti CB HE 4 Sh AEA OR fn W. E, B. BEBE HEMT Dubois) SF BEA AB RE AT — FRR RAR”, AT DGEBA A » FDS ts (OAT Bi EE BS» PT , AT 168SEAM PAL: Kongo Bi Congo FESB ARN FEE — NRA BEG ZH, FET — SCA EP AE GE ARR RRA RH HIE, (ATS DB BS J J ED Wii ET PL RE A WO RACE BARE DU aR He HE PR EN HEC TE RA ED te )CLes Demoiselles d? Avignon) (1905) iit X13 AF HK Dan) BER Eh) — He 3S FE 19 tHE ee 649 Fa FR es Pl 8 Fy — 4 8 FE eV , ME WRAL UR A LAE 4.1). FARE, BUR AR b PT. CA A — eS TE. BY AB ES — A EA PER AEE ME Joseph Conrad) FF i fth fH) Hy FRITZ FF» ABA UC HAT BAC PRA“ HER Ee DSS RD”, aX BES FS HET A BE CREF ADL 91899). HAHA ASK AR + SERIA (Emile Torday) ic ESR ACMA BEET BOE HH 5 GE 7 HAR 1 SR Ae HB FY UR FERAL SA BE T BAAS AE CL 4.2), RTT AR BHAA AY, 1888 2E PPE SETA HB (Count Pourtalés) Hy PPB BEAR A ABE HE, RES AA DES CouRS b'EAU RECONNUS. B41 MRA 169Rome RK 4.2 ARAL ey wwe AS HRDE SRG RE EO ARE T AMM DHAM CES RAE MSASS. EAP AMERSEDG, FEEK, RA —-AREM HEEMKRFE MAMAS MPRLERE PRBHRHE, ARAAORHMS AHR ESTAR RSET ARASH L-BGK., HARLBURM-HBU THY HE, EE EH WERE. MHAA ARMA ARAM ERRABE LOM Rb RAE. ERI RT RMB RS PAPA. AM oh WR WER AE BI PRA AEM A ee MT AEG AER TRURG HARADA ee EI 40th. (Coquilhat 1888: 35) HEM AE DLA TEA ik SB OP) BA OLAS FT J HB FA JE SESE CII TRE ASA,» PE EA AAT 9 EA Rs — TL Fs i AR Witte E ML. HURT Ay AGE CT URE EL PE EAH ESI A REBAR AMF Z TB APR. AA AD IE AS CAE RE A, PUES BY (FN ARTA). ET PA FT AY Ht FI SK Ccosmogram) 3 1 4% BRA GS AAC ARIE DAL 9} RT OB SP AR ea AE ae HE FRNA tt JI EA FIR I A BRAY A” (Thompson 1983; 106) . FH PAC AY ESSE RE RE AE PF AA RE BRB SP SE BY I ES 170SR PERL: M Kongo HM Congo LSE. Air Be ED — 1 PE He PB RA A aH DEAS ESTA » PTT SCG FA BA A 9 EE AL See A EP EE BRA WARARAM. SFR MA ZY Lt AEE. IE SOFA IIT FS FETE TT A TE HU BE AZ — PS SAH A STK AUR TEN — TIA. A AAAS BRI PPE — ha a DR AEA REFER BG A Fe aA SR tA AE Se RT AT EAST HL A RR TAH es Bk Lt A Fito PR AGH (RT SE A BERLE TE 19 THAR 20 THA ARR MAT AA BE PRFE a LGR ASB EB RB PBA I) — 6 a SY BH A. 1902 46, HEAT URS Bo A WT EE PE SB A a PET ALO BRE “21 AE DL AT EMEA A BUSH RR” (Notes 1902:1), 9FSE ky WR PAE RALTE 1483 AER BIRT eH OP AE RE BL-HEBALMRARRAER. BFR EP R—til Alonso 1 Mvemba Nzinga, 15061543) {2° 3 TW 45 FHF» TA aE Te HH) SOB OCHRE AR ZEFE Ab A) — He oe BE BT MP TE BR. 17 KARR RB RBA ES PE BCLS TAF. RP EA aR He PE BS VEARE RT AI hE. PREM EAT. BEE ERB HT AR» REA PY SB TET PP BATT a RMF MRA. BRAE. “Y 1870 ERB BAAR AR PRCARE ALP AR ARE T” REWER DARL, RO ARBRE B (MacGaffey 1993: 31), 4G KARF REBAR AM PO“ AT ER Se SOAS 2 —— EAGER 602 ES a a A Se SA TE FE AB ATT SPT YR EO — BB Sh. i RAR AR TLE ¢ He VEIMAE Wyatt MacGaffey) 9 384 “AE IR. A AUT Be UG A » WO FRA HE BL BFF HE» BB BRAT RR ee AS A BH ARPA GY” (MacGaffey 19951035), 763% HL. SC FER SAO TEPER A TB 171 3813 8 BoB R tt ‘RGAE A RAR BATES SK BR AE SA Ab TA SE EDA RAAEAR BE BG BY A PER HG GSR. CAP ES ay Me SCA” HR Ba FY AB» FD ls PEA De LB EH HE BT SAH DK CEB ICE Sk AR a A PASH TE OE Ty ATT 9 i Se tS HTT 3 PAA. BRA IED th, ETN Lb, BRS NMR. MOATV RT HEL ER A BEST NAS AAT BA Td 15h SUCH AIR Ea ERT GRRE R. 1885 SE AAR LS WIE A SR Re EL ly BE Fl BS BB 4 — Hk (Leopold Tl) , FEAR ZIG EAE TAR UR OSA. FR See I AEE RB RAT CMA RT. Ht FRA AED HCP WY ROR DE a PEE DH BY AT A a HK ABACM AMER. ERERTE Xb. YEW ER BU EGCV. Y. Mudimbe) BARE AE YH3& MBG 18 1 FG OO CAA Se BI — 2 A A, BPE EL OA“ SEA aS” (The Congo Free State) —- KTP SZAMERRAL GAA) Wi — BE OP RRA RH, AP TK. ILE SAIN EMT A SU ETA REARS, eS BABE TAS HRER RES OMRA A. BPR WIE, Bl T 1895 AF, ALY a Sh LBA BE (ELFE AR AY He I A fe ST HRA BNA —T. BOHR TE AUR RR ET HE OE AS AT Dy EBRD AAG LAE GD EHO DR A BSH. ASE BBA ATT a AS BRK A” O—— th RAE AE THE ZE AA a DB A BEA Mbt) 6 FE TT ye FM Fr CH REAL OR HEM EBL, 1901 2E, Se + AST BA ok (Sir Harry Johnston) #-F3BLT 3X —HF Ls BL TH — 7B BE OY BK O BOK A Pygmy) a AEM PARRA, — FREE @ BAM BECOkapi) 5 HEHE EAE RRA AT — FP EAL RE BD VL Binh AR WE. RTE 172HR PKA M Kongo HM Congo AA. BRU » FATA — A FBR SE By HEB YH BA He 33K — MOK ABMIBATT AUR AR. LA eB BE eS Ht EG AAS 25 Fah TL) a OE SAE, US AC BE, SE BZ BAUS BI T He Mb ab, PA ZS Be Ee EAR HK HT BEF, IR PE TR — He 9 wT A he BO, FRYER SHE ha tia Ay BE — SE EAS + LITT AF Roger Casement) 8348-5 F 1904 A Be EFF 5 A Rl FB 2 J 19 RAR eB TERABMEDM., ARK + RAM AAS S TH Ra, TEAR eR A EE ALT HE 70 SENT AY BE AE EM AO SE RH L BERR T MG A 2, TT UAE BP BRL ADEA BS HE BA A Hy, TA PRAY eet GP ADL SE eae ET” (Pakenham 1991, 656), 3£ 4% EE HA RUDE Le a A 2 A Rh a) CA EMRE MEBA ACR eek —T. ABE OWE BOG BARE EB BL TRS EHP SHAT HEA BTA IH 2 AS AAV DE SC A 09 BI SE A RY ALES UR BE ET EAB. Bb BHA ZE 1870 SEAR RT Pa SS Fa IA DO JL SP SEA 3S HE A RAE BEBE — RE At ODER TE. RAP EE BE ATE PR (dry-plate photography) 7F 1880 4F-40 HY iH BR FA BEE PL A LAE TERR HTT PETER. RAPT BOR BETTE ABS ES EM (HIF DADA AE TD FELL Be LF A Ew A sR FB SABAH” FETE IH BE ATE HR a a OK TMZ RN ARYL a REE FE FRARMA MH BB R—TEE TR. RRR Tea HAD FER GENE “BE ORL” RR” A Be A ei BE A AAT A RADE A CSE i. PE ee sR SE LARRABEE MT BATE SOOM EAD ie FF AT — EL BE SE BE eB A — PH SEE RA 173womd KH (Duke of Mecklenberg) ba i8 95101 + 9 4178 414% (Adolphus Friedrich) #7 “THEE AY PRE fy" (Friedrich 1913; 3) AM RUSE SEPT POR. SEBR bs Fit BG 24 Fea LBL BEA ETD AE a TEA EAT «HET 140 FOLDS BEATS PS DAA HET BA a ft AT I I RE. be Se EA RE AiR TE HEE AEM NA. EI SRE Te] « CAL ABI ESB” RB CE A BA AEB FAP PRE. PRIME XE Ta NAA 8 LA (EF Se EB ( Mombasa) 47 HF AY WALA Zea AEB SC AB TRL NY AE eH TIL HE A HELE a « aE AO 3) Pa BL. LEY ER 5 Hl) eB eS BAT BO TTS « ABE HIE TAFT AAR Ls SHEN” HG. SEE fe EDT A DUE + SF RAB Albert Lloyd) $A seit — FR PAR BUGS BY BL 2 EE A A RE AEB SHOT A ANAT HEE (LSS a BRANT BA) 2 — AE A EPO MATT AT O09 FE AB AG SEO 5 AF HE es HC Pd 4.3). Be — “MO A Ze EL ATE fH ATT eH TED A ABATE AST. 50 Bl) 60 FR HLA AS DY , x REIT TBR Bal ANP EPR BEAT B43 ASE 174BOR FKL: M Kongo B) Congo BY DAA A AS WB HEAT AAT J BE AE ABE TD Oe Sie PP BS AR PS See CH 4 Te AS EB as SA SC, A BT — HAE JE PLE FS APY RSE FEE RE + NAA FD lg BL 8 WD. WLES 4B Ee TB A, BP 10 FH) 20 SEAT THERE ROPE BL fle DA 4 78 38 BF A CE A A TT He RT OL 4.4), {HAT TS te 77 Owe TREAT IR AL Se 5 CH A BI A IL BOTA CABG. Tb HLA EASE AS UP Ic PC — 3K “a BBs a” A, Bae HE BD Ag BA AR SEE BR CP 1.5) 5 MATT 3K AEA A 3Pg WBF SB 98 th Ad — FE A A AY Be Be OE SEERA. EI A it AE AEP A DAB — Pm 3 aE Ee (Mar~ guerite Roby) #2 A AB AT DASH AF AAT AETE 1911 BRERA TART COL FEL 4. 6). GX BEAR CH BT JLB AE eh US AR US 5 7 TSC be AEA Je ATT Ss ERR BE s HR ABR Ze Se A RIE EL Ss 7 BE BEL BEREAN Ds HABE DEAE Oy OE He EO AK. LS 24 JRE CM DEAT PAC BAS BA A BT EA LR HAT I es B44 ARS AoE SS 41142 Rom XR FSSA ERY ay 5 TTR CAC A BA A TO SB AC HE BAT RGRZ AICHE BE. BA ROM GR TT KIC FT AC AH) CICS We (LJ HEL JA ER J AT TL CHE HA BAT AT AER BE» EAT LB A AT A RZ AE ETT Hy. UAT 3 BT FOR EAA FR SBE A TD BREE 5 ey AR A BE AA BP LAAT eS JEABR IKE 5 DU HE VA He A WBC TEL 1 AD RE CECA FE» Re PE HELI 1 AS HE FU PF PE D9 ST BRAD UL — BS ig FL A AS A IB SMH A GABP Dy ABE fe OF RH SHAT. PE 1892 4 Hh RR — BB ARBRE HUUFIC HE, M. 4B 10-2} -if 28 & (M. French-Sheldon)—fth 8 #% 176ADU FICHE. JA Kongo BH Conso B46 AR FORK. SM Bhy — at He, NE BATE oe : Sey HG He «187 LV” FB AOR aT AE BE AATF RIN A QU SETA ET. Ak RR PEATE, PAROLE F FRE LSB) — aE ATR oe ER BU ARATIMU EERE AECL! URL — AOR FIO UATE CARLIE « 9 A ee ARB M 'f ag” (French-Sheldon 1892;414). 9bf@%F SOAR ERY A BY RR AR A LASS» BAS BEAT AR A Fh BAC YR A A BR eM AIR. RE ECE FR TU AT AE BOA AN EE A ARE TB BE AATTES SY PRAY TE SEILER EP PO. TAREE J SLAW PM HS TA Se A A Pe HEUBAWL Se HALL 9 BAY D5 HIRI AN is A TL BE EB AHL BGA FE ASE UCRUY AT DEK ee) TT Le, HE 177 4314 = Sima XH HRSPRRRAAT BEM BA MX TRARY WIE EE a YO”. FE, RY 18 a A tk SH — PB TB ROP WY), AKIRA IR T BAR FL 3e, VA — PPR HE IR RB RSL SEIT HR. RSL SE OL, OR IRA FARM AK LP (i) 9 — Bey i) TE SF FH A ae PR A AB Pa FEA — AAR R BK TT. ARPA BOR HS RA SHE Set, ATTY 6 A EE BA. PBS ICRT — PRA RR BRE A ORR A. TERIA BA AS TERETE A Hh Te BL RE Da a SE TEMA OLBES BT. SAB A HEA 5 Pb Be Mh fe A TH AUK, 1906 46, — 4 SLE + BEAN (Ota Benga) AY ti 4 HE A BRE HR HEY RT WR i TE 29 BY AB BE Hy Be (Bronx Zoo) 4AM. RABE PSUR R TESTE RAO TE SHE. LOW, Ze 17 Hee Be aR BE ARE ADK RIL 4B EEL RE BE AB AR A At, CBE A te UAE ERRAMK. WRRRMERE H CHUIEA ATR BRA AAP AO IE RAR SE A — BA 0 Aa Bt FE EB HK TE VOGAL O. PARRA A WA BeBe AE HAT RBA a, TR RAB LABOR T ATTA UAB TRA EL RATA DM . OF AT AFR BU BE BE A SER 1 Ds BB IX PE A AP EK FA ZR FE XESS P ESC BE BE BCA A BA EH 9 SH 1M By IF BE A RB) fab ATT DE A ST “A OK A? — FEE FBR OI SA SB Ny BEB HE TTA, — ARR ER A. FR. RLM (Wollaston) — fh # F 1905 28 1906 4F DEAR RT YR MEAS A TEAS BR IAAL BA BY EE » EEE PEAT SPT FF YE SE A VA HE MG PE PET SLANE Se BA ERS ALT Se HS RAEPEMME RE IARI EEORB SY. LEMBLE BEA SIE ELA AA A EA BEAOTPTERL. RE 178SMM BL: Kongo BI Congo PLT] ACHE PS My CR SEB) 09 BR A OA Bt Rk BI DNB ROTO TOK AE Oe “CHAT Ra BE BER J — RL YEA SEE He BE AY DA RAD AS SB — RA A oo RE BS — HKATHR BA T “Bonz00, Bwana Joe)” 0 7 EA Pea RAD, Hh BY EA SRM Jas FBT. PERL, Ti ‘Bonzo’ $t 32 FE ‘Bonjour’ Ove ft We BAY Bt” (Wollaston 1908: 153), MRE MART BRE LRA, AP BE EAE SR 8 A EE — PBA Be Dt Sti RRR Ath 2“ IE — TE. TAPE 1853 SE, — BEE Ae CH RA 0 BR A HE A SB SR FT. PEAR ft fT SS EL BAR HATTIE ofey A“ 3c BA” (Fusco 1995:43). BPW AREER a AB ALA BOARS KS tHE Tae eA EE BB ET SCHCHY BAR ITE FE KA 1909 4F3I] 1915 48, Ce wR + BAC Herbert Lang) ASS MOI + FE 3FCJames Chapin) 3840 F » 5 FA A 98 i Se Ha 1 PR Hh TT SRE BLK HOTE Ss (Mirzoeff 1995:135—161). BAHAR T 1 FAKE. BEwICR FA ARAM RMA BRR CAI RT EMA (the Mangbetu) HIE WRIT SR. HIE SCTE FAYE A FF PEAR BAS ld BOE REBAR TE MA “SAE PD SK HLA A AREF EDAAW RES RAL AETRA. ORB, BA BAT “FN Airs Ha gh ATE TL PK EAA BD BE AR AVVSAAE EPPS SA YC 4.7), TE TB eA i YP a Ha CALL ABE Se of SE “A De”. A AB BH AAA ARR RRA MSA ME RAR. RAR A AB AE BH A AB a, EE) 1895 2E, AEA AY 4438 F ,— XM 15000 AMAEMA FAFA PE TR—MK. RAAB FE TE 1900 FUGA MSR RSL. LA A RR T ART © “Bonjour” fEtkif PB “tek”, —— FRE 179146 moe KR 47 Abe, —-e PBS HE MBH HK TI HE ABR AS 5 SCBA A RH ft Hs HE A A TH EU RANA, PMR AT REFEREE LALA REMAP”. PESTO AR FAY FFE HB Bh AEN a At — SE HY “PE RAY BR VERDE Se SEE A A BEAD A > dy BE AS EB PRATHER AE BAB CA) Je ES OY SA LER AT] Fe HR 8 a SA PR SE AS FETA AF BRAT AT DAF BY I BB a SCS BB A 3 — FOU RABE SC 1 By SF I (BEG ER YT A Rt OE 244 DUA BW PRL Hb DR ARH BS a YK Se FA BS 4¥CSchweinfurth) £94 ZEAE BM BIL WE > 1874) — $5 He BAT 3K Bett. WR LA BT i SAT LI FPS EDT OE AEA TG. ML PREF ABER T IRENA AR. HAY PK IAFL 4 (Okondo) SAGE TALE PT a. fea TE 9 ORS ORK. RRMA, HMA CHICK, “A 500 ASi SLi, “RASA PASE UB MTEL” (Schildkrout 1993; 65). AAT LAA, 4FE DLA ALLE BATFE ALR EL LY IA A YR. PR ee 180EDL HKALE: M Kongo 3 Congo SOOPER SAFE BEET Be AN AS > J LH SRS ACT ER FAYE Sy BAX PR EET AY. AR FAVE, EES UI BA EH TR. BOURKE Ai 7 AY TEA AT OK + EE IARC BFF AYBEADL (Bhabha 1994:85—92), TETAS Pe A ABEL T SILER BY HL —$" 4 te A” PR A TOR HD BASALT AL Za RE © — LAAT REEL BO RR Aa AR A SRE ASL T 4 MLE) ALIA OL IBA LAE A a HP PET — 3K He 4 I AE EEE I RL OB HS RAT Se PP EI LH FEB DUPED A SORES RPE UG 2 BR PF HSC A Ay TF LR I AT HO 8) — Fe AE FR ERA 9 ec CL 4. 87 EB PL OP Pa SE SRE ALAND LAY ERE «IB Zt Se RE J — A FRA a RRR T SFL Ae Hy SR Wh RAF FL 9 TL 9 WL a AS Lf “CELE RM BE Rae. ELBE A OH) FRE ALP IE. King, Njoya) 22.988 AC BEE EK 4.8 FHA RAL S HK 181147 Mom Xe BTR@RAR4YMABARAS F hE R Ie A ER OE ARAB R MARS Oe. BFP eT eR FADE AREAS» AER a he A HH NAR HIS BA 9 FHRRFUTRILACERAN ERS TOBA, mem BAA FA. ARIE WE BY i fl SMR TO FR A: RSET TY Sih. WAT NRAA, RAR EAE, FAR 2 — 2 th A. AAJ TE NE EAR + BH 2% (Michael Row- lands) SIAR REAYABEE , “FE EL WA BY Se ABE eB AS AE ET Ve Hl HE — TRAE, AEE SR a EAT AT — a TD PE 1 BAL TE 1 EE. RE TRE SE (FE Ai et BEG FP — PAAR. FEE IE EE BAA ROB XR FE AY FL PE AY BY , FEL HEAR RT YAR A” (Rowlands 1995.15). UG FF I MSF Ik EAT SHRED AL A VAAN AB Be BS Ha SX aT AE SO 3 TE FSA BRAD A DHE 9 BB ABA EAS oe AL TE RG ‘a BEBE OR FE Ce HE — F238 BN a BT. FREY SCHCSE IY SR We A AE ALA AL A HE BET — 423 I], BEA ATT FE AGEL AFL BG EEO AR POR ASSE TE. AOA ASR BE. ETE BH AS BE ie RRP AM TE BC He BS —€§$ HI FLA DH HB BE — aR dh 72 R BR, IEA Ee ET AT EIN BRELRABRE TRH, MA ASCE 1897 asl Fig Pan Ah Ze FA RAR 0 I OF FS BUR RYT ER SEIS RT SR BE I SN CE EB ae SE BOM PM. USCA IER T TE “Se SFE” 9 BB Bt HEH BEE IEE EA REL A SE ELIF tH BE BS A 182MOM WL: M Kongo M Congo RAK AA Db 4S A—§ BOW A BSE Ts a BAKA KRM, £1910 FM — KAP RAP BAK AT (the Sultan of the Massalits) i; T #4847 _L Bt (Captain Fiegenschuh) 3% BATA “SAA eS BOAT LJ A RR RA RA-AURAE ORT. UTR LARUARE—T RAAF RRS AERA PA. BAAR RT 619 335 FLA —— fs AT te a a 9 a AT Aa TO #4" (Friedrich 1913.48), CRARTA OM LHPAEMKGRAT RAN. Mota WS PF BAS] AE REL TARE RL SR “ As OT ” (minkisi, 232 nkisi), “HT A LAMAR. YER — TRA PRE — BN AE” (nganga) —F Pel EY ESE A TE BOR AX — SLs ts Ct) AA RA a CLT 4.9), AF a He A LA Bef — ed EH a BFA ae Ey “A” fetish) , XE REE th 9 AR FARTTREAT AAS AR. PRUE + Be ETE A RA Bia HH” FER TON RES EUR FER MU TPA HA ES 8 HG 9B FEE YH” (MacGaffey 199332), 3X 263 E Fe) 3 8 HG A AD ERT HE SLBA HSE HERA a TB ARR TT AS gt OC AT HF OT BGA LIRR RT IE. HA PE ER INE A EE FE BLADE A Ht BIRLA MS AE AR LER HE SE FAY ae RRR CME LR ih EA ATEN. SPREE RBA EAM“ HER ALERT BABE SES. B25 DASE“ fi FT RG LU «Ee A FS FB HAR —-ABE BRM. ERREBETA HS ARS HRB. TEP PRAT] UR Ail HE TCR EAS “rT a)” 5 OL BR A BT EE, RPA A He SR Ae «BHT A Se a SS AE A AAA BA 5k SOA PA ORR ETT BBE AAT EB SP “ST a? AE AMETCAY BEAR ABS} Rb PAR A HE A LAs FAR SP” 183ome kk B49 Apap A whey 3] RAR ADRES A BM EBBAN— TBS. FBLA SE KE Air HY ad” RSE A) PB 9 HED TH AL 5 EE Ee FE EAT BAR A i HER AK » PA aE AT mT a Hk BE” (Maa Gaffey 1993:33). HOA AW ET TAK“ tip PT i] "2 — BE EET oh, EAB AR AES CAA ASS OU SP OT OS PE PE: RA GT "HY A — MARK DR IS RAR, FAS Meh RE ETA, KHARE RM TAR 149 By att SAL A By FA A 2 BE HHA He A AA Be 17 AE MAL MRAARRS HAT NTE RRR, 184EVRA FEAL: M Kongo Hl Congo DI ti Ao BE He AE ATRL He HCL PTA A EL at FYE AR AG WT SE ak AP HR AB ae Sat He A A 8] Rey Wks WRT SAR, t. ELEN KAHEM- TARR OET HUME A, (Notes 1902:169) AERA SCAR, ARPA ERRATA TAL ERY Jd. AS RA RH HCE AERC" fT wa)”, PRL EAT SAE TAEDA Ae BG Sete — Pa Me AEA CLEAN AARC BAP”) EA 6 WATT LAS fe AB Sy PAE HOE ELA ATE PR AR” SC BL RR ME NRG. TENE“ ArT a)” 9 Fe EEE DAA DFE BC A BR A AR PA EY EAA TAS SR JAD A SRE EA GON AA REE LE AT MTC fir De)” Er» RR a ETC 9 BP ‘py tHe LTE PE EA ACR" fT ad”. US TAL + LEE CArmold Ridyard) fi RE. 5 8G AF AMD EBB "Pak TX Bd BE HY BS EF Inf S032 AUR SRT HEB” (MacGalfey 1993.42). H1 AR fRe4E SX HE HE) AIG» BEL ate “ir” Se LE RAI fd AE ARIE RAB EAA A BAB ESA LM ID AER" TTY” HE RR — Fk HAY LIN 4.10) > 4.10 “eT aR 150Bom R tt PLETE PB FOE BT DAE I — A RB aa”, FAS Sh ths FH AHS — PR AY BE 7» BE A RB A 2 EAE » LAE OAS BIE AF AAD LL 5 TEE BO APRN BRAK. RUSE AN APL EATS BR RE I RS IN, MIE PhS Ee TPE A REET IR. OR A A PR a USEABLE JE — PR AN RR” TA OE FTIR BI AMAR. “aT a IEA ah EL AY tt MARMARA BARAK CR RS ae T AER SAT. HEAL AGE EATER A — PIE, BS Fe Atk A SUE A A, ET RAE BA RERMABE “rT el)” La A AE Se PBL CH A BB WEE EE SCL — FOR IB Dh 5 PAR EFT IM S| (MacGaffey 1993; 98100), y HERR AR Ae 3 BRA BS A BCH AR 0 EA, BR a HAHA CNotes 1902; pl LI) iPS 4.11), RT SRE AR HERE oe HR TRATAMIENTO RE, A ARAL AY — PSEA A IRB 6) BFE SELES DA FS SE PE PERL IE— TARE BF, TOUS Fy TE He 5 SF ACH FS BS GR BEAL A, HS Fy SB YR FE ASE A CNotes.1902; 293). 5X #434) MTT HE YARD ERG RE. ART AF YI BAF SN Hee FR TE ABS 2 iT fh BA EEE BS — Sh FE A EA 3) BIER. MPRA AT Ae JE A AE A AEF JL CS ED. ‘US A JE Si SIRE ER A» TT A I 18 Hee, PLEA, TF AF A FL UR EY Sk RT MT TAS ALE AIF, FA URAL OG AOR TB ‘Mf PESSCAAE E is UA Be SE A A LF EE JL A a A A OE eA A BT TESS Ay“ REZ Vs” IRI. FO ARE. ALE ARBRE » ZEAE BE VLA PHP AR, JIT EAE BH BU I 7 BI WE 186SER FKL: M Kongo BI Congo B41) KAA ARR FEAL ALAS AE ITT BA TTA BA BRAT AS LK ERAS RE A SH HR AY WE RK Fs HAT ECE” AR, FRAP AS ON a — IB ESE TA BR SRI BEA ABS SCHL AY SARE “gral AES RES ER PARA RET. PEPE AB FARR FFE 5 SS EAS DU ALF SE Ag AE AL PT TA 5 EE 9 EH AA — SCA TTT AS EK SEBESCLAVE KR HIE HY. 1984 4E AY“ 20 fhe BAR AY a EL” TREY RIT 4“ tts)" AR Pe FR «KH AD Fa AE FE FD BY Dstt SB — A Ae a TD SCUBA BASES BBN a OT BAR CS LAI) © PR TT ir AD Fi) ASA AAT IR SPAS SL AY BS PEE OY PR TE ATE AUDI fe 5 TT LEAT Ya A DA th BY By Ef SG HCA A ft BEBE He AA ERY a BR 4 J A BI fe — 2 AAS Bae SE Fa] JA 2 EASON BPC HSK” (Notes 1902: 147), ARIE > WEA 18715: 8 153 BIBS Rk te (Anthony Shelton) 4.648 H) » R26“ ir BT 2] "E47 F 09 BF AT Be 2 15 tHe ARR UA RR“ Cot AY DD ASTRA FET ET BB EAU A. 19 45 (IEE A PE — ibe 9 7. FR AK — BR ZG BO HE.” AAT BD DA A BW A HE Jt A BE A a 7» i “YF a KOK A EES EAE ST be FR ER REE URE B— BE FE Feb” (Shelton 1995.20). REA FEAF AM RE BL TSR 9 PA ATT SSR RB TR a — eR He FRUIT LED BE A — SE RT A, a PERS“ tr) a)” FE BT YB PE BA 3 Ga SA A a SB AES 5 tH BEALE CP ER EU AR Ae I HB A BE BE BAA TA BRS Ts AR AE“ sir BT” BR TA x. we i iz FESS KAR AB ALA BRA Te ER AT PRIBLIOCN A SET SE IR.» SHG HE BS TH SU BART AN BD BEDI. AE PAA Dee aL TMS AR Sh Re BL Te 9 Be RB — BA. 1960 2F: 5 EE Ail 4 Hl (1 Fh FH BE A B+ RES (Patrice Lu- mumba) O86 38 F E57 AY AUR ES. 5 BE BOAR A BEB TARE BB RABI itt AO AZ FE 1961 FRR RL 2 A3 BA 4 ARULT A CATR PD 98 7 — FA EL Ae HSE FR EB Pa Vy PRA RA AD NL ET A” 8 RE tS PR LEVITT ARF. 1961 AF 2 Fe Ee OR Ow aE BT — RT © WARE + -3SREC1925—1961), 1960 SERIES) A AB ESE AD BAESE. SROEKMAARTAR—. BT RHR AMAR. 1960 49 A SREB TE Sa A a. PAE 188HOM FKL. M Kongo H Congo Ai TENCE TE A Sk ES “HET RABE RK, HE AEH CEA RSESESH GIA TATAR. OTHHMREA A TBA AUF ABA SOE TEA. OD Re EC AB DS As Fa T tT ELAN SB SE.” FE OE OP HE — FEE BF AAT SB RP FES ip A AB SS IE ATT EK FR AR AS PETAR OR SC HM)” («Ae A196] 4F 2 17 A). RR FRAG LE BB FT RL A ATES EAT Hy AE A BE AT ACHRT. AN EIA FEE 5 UR FE BY Ha RB I SC a EA “OR eB BY wt PA” HET AGS, SRT Be EH A A eB) TRA CET DASARI LF ae IT ER. CRE, Ef Se BR Be AAI a PB At kT — AS BR EES SE At FA BAS SP BPD AR” 5 FRR RR ASUS Pe BE BABA SRE i” AEA AT BR “” ER UGE A Rr BR A — 10 RA He a EL BRIAR HE Fr RD“ FE AL”. Fe PE A PERE BT AE AT A A SU Ba a ERT “SAH SR” AVEERRAT A ATT Aa RE ik Bh RAE A HR” Ce HD 1961 4 2A 24 A). PRA DOPE TAU ay AE BY BR Be EE Fi —49 BER A —§ 9 dE A FE PO. a eA It A FRAT AE SEERA Et TATE RG RE FD PRI SC HR iAL tin HE FBS es eS HT FY Hey — RES HAMAR. SUR. FARTS, OTE AE BS. EMMA AA — Ab BER BR Fe — RE PE AR AS a CHE DAS AY ARE RT. A 9K eG BE + ELH CChristian Gbagbo) SRF 1961 SEAR EB ARTE AR AUR NEAR Se ZU EM Ti EE A FETA ACHAT SB SR AE I. PESTA HR He BE BR AS Bd AE A BB BA OY TN ESR FO FEF BRS BGR A Me REE — ike CIn/sight 1996: 226). BB SITB— 189 5415 wu Xe SRA RESA, AE AREA aE PP, BS HAT A BE ——$ 38 TA Fa RE WPL AS SER eh ESL) SO SS HTB RT PR TTS AT SBR HEIN BLD SEAT ECA 1 TA BART AEH RR STR A AE HE PRR TP 5 AE BH GAR SE Be Be Hes OH OR A, DTT AB 7 SE BA. 1961 4 4 FTES SAAR AR EAE RR TRF Til CAI A DE A + Ae 2 (Robert Coughlan) WHIRL FE : “5 SELAH A 64 BO FEAR SZ AB» 3 1B BA GB TR BAR BATE Hr AT HE OS HE ERAS A.B A EI AE TA HE BE ARB OF EAD ADF FE TES — WA HE SAAC UL» BEET — 9K BA AO A 9 ‘be “SO A FO A AR, ET FST ERE TIE A AD FILA”. BORE A“ AUB PAE A AS — PH aE TA 60 OF EAU A BEI LF 2 Hs — 8 AR I Sa oo SB SY WE er EG AAR. SPE UR BT SE OY AA RIVEDRERA MRA MRE. BI AT (Kitawala) ab BELA Het A ABS ZR EAT RR MEL At TSE EA RR TT A Pe PT RRB BRERA IBS FAT Ss PS HC SE) HY AER Ii + HE PR James Frazer) 1) 2 tE LI BAER De aks » APA I SE SUAS. YF ft 0 3 ed OC A“ + RRS RY HAT” FRA BE“ ARE IE ABD HM BT 34 A PE HY BH a VB TR EH LB SE Sl TB. ARE A RE TS “ELE ABB ER E38 BE EE DB ECAR) BO EH ES TRA CERTBUT HX BAS HE , MAS AE By OA 18 BR» 7 BY LT ABABA E” (Coughlan 1961), 445 LE Alin} A Sy HC BR BCE BR Wik SHH RADARS AG ET EEA AORBAALT PUFA Hit FPR Yt eT PE EA 3k A ot aE 5 Hh AY: “CRUSE AD BR 8B — AAG BE BY TDP EAS BERG 5s — BY 190BOR XC: Kongo 3 Congo TYLA SAA AAV EABRT GAT AA RE REY SE DG ATO AS EA OLE EFAS MB UEDA T BATE AL SE AIMS. BD PE RARE A SR BE a APPLES. ARPA HES EMT A I as RE BR SRP, ROG KHER + $1846 Joseph Mobutu)0— fq SEUABEIGHG « JEIE - RAL(Mobutu Sese Seko) ili] 4—TEHI FAI TRG HOF ER. A RHE AGE» RE Hl ET TE RBS WLR HEI RAL AB. 1996 4. SHE $8 + REGAL CLaurent Kabila) 3 BA B45 9 BCAE SE IE (Kisangani) ft BR CLOT BL FR a aH BE ee ES A oh FA DB WORE EE TT AA 5 HPD 5 SB SA A DCH, SRE EAT HOR, BRRAIARU EYL RW OCs ASE IH TT A JHE OB HERTHA ARAMA EBISU RAR A EE FE PEATE A. HCH, 1964 SF, ME Pa aR AE RR A OR I Es “ERR, “HOBR ALE HY BUT TELE KSEE AE BELA 3 BY 70 PAA, RGAE HE AE 14 BY 20 BZ Pile HTT Be SRA + HY HH (Pierre Mulele) i689 ERR DM AR. PAE 1961 4F i eS SRB A MS BIT + REA. RAE AKT RT. AA 2M Le PEBV | CPLA LATTE BS SURE HE A HK HY LE CORK HRA COLE ESE — TAM — I IE ESRB AE GOA ESE A A abe T i SAE A BGAN RIE EMH MAIS RR. AE EERE — 4 TF PAAR ORT. RP, AEE RAK EE RARE SORE ERY, A Set HE 20 YUL OY PEARL OTE”. EM IB FI AE @ SEECMobutu Sese Seko, 1930—1997), 1965 4F Re FE Hl FE Fl BS 2 £8 i) 2p YRAM FETE EY FS HERS RRA HE EE STARE 3.1997 *F RHEE, — RARE 191156 Rome Ke te A——SATITBR FE HB Pe 6), DB BAD HB ak NE BH i TT YB“ TSA TRAE EPR VE EY Be AR TG» EI AS FROME ARERR. G2, SE- ASR, TE BEL FERS SE ARC TE SC AE AE YB 9 SB 9 Ph 2 BR ES LRU APES A TEARS 500 AF Ay Bt a] Et — BPE ETS BB CAG ASCH. FEENSTRA LR EL AIRES RAT RR EA UR EA ARR HAR FEF RULE SCAR, RAE DH SR RR, BR TA FOUR BABE» FF ELBE AL HY DD 3 Ae BE IR MF WY a A BE” BE RASA ERPOR—-WN ATM. EMRE LR RSE + SHFGHE (Renée Stout) EHH, M9 RIFE i HB“ tp OT "PE MHA CHARRETTE. MO PERZA CG lo Pate De aA Py Ret My OH AT a)” BFL ay BHR « “BRE LS JL — A 5 LMR THF. 4RE— IAD ETT, i Re HE RAL AVA HZ eB PER RRA TA, BBB A a BR HSH — AR, BRR He Bl oS A — AR AP BE KT — RAIA” (Harris 19932111) SPEER RE thr va)” OR BA) tO Ot PR A HR HE EDA EE CARS 2 4S >(1988) A, FE Ey ee ERT — “frill”. PAR A Coe a TR a EL Ta a” BY — BRE A — RD PTE ST) SAR a HE HEAODB AR. WR FGH EA PES RAR T 77 a A DR a Wh tet — AES RESEUG ANTE R . BE LL A AREA Ae EE Nie IEA © BAS Cnkondi) “er AT "MAR A. RTL BI BR A Fd eT RI. PEATE 192SEM HX. M Kongo H Congo BRAG SUPE JUL BB PR Se) RAB 5 I 25 SU RIE AHR ek BE SBS GK SEU FY HB. PU SA“ ” PE SERRE EET Sy ae F 5 EL BES TD BE TTI — ke LE FRU FRE FAR AIR, BA SEE TE Lk A A aL ERY SH Ae (9B HR Lb A BRA 9 HS AAR EAE A 0 HEHE ERS ELLEN HE A AB RA RS FFB EH POR ABE BY fy Hr Se AA TEA BR TE a EBAY SEES IY AR (FB RE) LL A ADRS AR PPS TL TE A HB EH TARELWUG. CARLY MARES AE REE TEAK. SUR HER REE MA HE Eo 30 bh PR A RUE 2d AE ES SHU, RAR AAR + BHC Trigo Piula) tae T “ae AT "FERIA FOE Be. PERE 1988 SE A gee im HE A WY Ta Tele) B , Be teas T — ALAR WAR TET A“ i RR HEVLIE RABE TOA TER AE CEG AB BY Me HBT BEE » ET BB AS A 2 AR SL HS dR ER it, 2 HEE AS , Lb BRR A IR RR RAE AR BER — OR Be TE PER BHA SR WF EA MASE BHO RR, RA TR AAT RSL a) HH SEBS 5 HA FHS RATT PAPEETE. ARTA AB BAAR AR I, 3 PE Sete AR EG TT Sp AE RRs I a. KESTER AR AR T PAD ART Bt oh EAE AE AE A A D PABERECbilongo) , BEER “Ai” » Be RF“ sir” LA Hy OH a SLMS BDL Ay Se LP A A OT PAE HLS PA ERE 6 BE ECE iT 0 ALB AS ABEL IP 5 Ast th Se EB. RE bi 193Bot Rt TERY FRB 5 ASE AE ZA FE AB. RAS + ye RE AE MU BY WE SE SC HEH HUI APA TE PR Hy i EC” «AA LI SHE TH DE Pr OEE fe EA BE A Pa ee fb BR AE HEAR ATTA RF Td 04) FE 158 BEA AY SCAG aA FR Py TELA AY Ay Be A AD AR OD HR A PF REAR R18 Fev ESI ES AE I ARE PE Do J BE I RE EL HEL # (Cheri Samba) if & th 4 — Ue ERE, FR EN AL HG He ae BE 1 — fi Sak we 1 A AT fe FEZ SAC AS HG SH 4 EH LS AR FPA ij GR IF AY «HY HE a SR AY IE PE UT > Ces Magiiciens de la 4.12 Ta Tele 194SOUR BKC: M Kongo B) Congo Terre) $4 7E 1989 4F 4 BS 2 iB Le 4 FF AB tt CJewsiewicki 1991; 130 — 151), TERNS AMAR A » LPR A SRE) AAS RE AR aR TRAE MBAS EAR AREAS. RL LA 9 PLM FL ERR SUIF MLE ARTE I — TRE. TE EE ER AEB A AE Ze ART EAR id OFT LAE HE FT BR Feds 5 AG ETB RY» Bs ERB AAO PR TEA A TE EE BA ASAP E CR HN" ER RR” HELE ZEEE BAT 15% AO STAYS e Uk A OS”, SRE EHO PE (Paris Est Propre)* i TXAM. RGSS T ORSAY BEE HY Re RIAA AR RIE » SSD FBLA FA SB 1 TE FE EMRE T RR. ET RR ee). ET = ACER SASY RAID. HE 1980 SEAN EBAY FE TRE MB LETRA PED T BIE he TE. RH TRS RE DSR EEE, ORR HE RS RA ARPES BH HY BR BR GRR. BEAT HR ANT» ea TT BT BE — BR HERR RES BAY propre XARA PHN EEA RRR. ERASE TP 8B IIE TT WR TB AeA FABER TEDH Be BRE 5 1X HOI EFT Oh i HE, BR TE GU] — a BR TET FUR EE 75 EE eh A HE LR AE SMR BU BEB AB” AT ke A ES a TT Gk 9G BA”, PR TITRE a “FRR BY A Bike” ATE HA 2g ae a eT, SR LBEDEAR T HESS F SPA 925 TD AS ALB SAT A PAS, UR AER A RO. FREAD — PP ah BER RB — Bb A BE aR RI BE A UBM AR PF tT Ae OA a 8 9 HB EB. (—P4EBH ABS BIZ) (Sovenir d? un A fricain) #250 SE BET HR © BR Csoukous) HIRAI —APSRRS BR, —— PRE 195BBs Rt EWE SR » MTT AT JN A HOE — a, LP BB ARH AGTH IA TESA AL. SPN A Bi PRO AA TE A EE A PAR OHA SRD GE FE HO ES HEE ARE AE A AB BY Sa peur SCHY EPR th BANAL AS ths SE He BA OS AB = HB AG HOE? AER aE BIE AE, AB — PE, BER RET. — RADAR RAT. ABATIMG T He ARE ARDS , 7 Ze Be Lb HAT — BAB AB BE 2” EE POAT AB Wa ERT A HERE Di BK A A BB Pt BRIE. WPA AER ES AUER AY A BRL TK PT BS OED BUR ARGPAR. 1960 ERGY HERBS EBL HE ORE HE TRS RES On SLE LE ZS DRM A BR RB A IE BSS, RAMBLE ADRES RAMA, Hh Be HORRBIT A he TT. BER A i Oy th FE BA A Re SK A BE AK EBS th Bh fe Fe AT A, AB PE DG D7 A AB EH AY. HELE BEAT BRN FR”, REAR RN BF Be BEAL SB RB BE TERA Rh RS PER” ES OT I TO BAF RAS] ATE A OL 9 5 J ea PR AE A ER FTE LAAT 09 FE BR BES BS AIF SLA. WIT TE ROR ApS Jes AR SE CB HE — is RL 9, 3 APTA RR BEADMM T. TEM Mie RT IEE + BART FEENEY «BREF BUR RL AR Ts ORAL aR a OE A sR A PEND TEBE AY EL. HURT THR eT AR AS, AE TT mg FUL. "TES BR OE FELASA IT AR BTA A SCA ABER IH. Seu Benitez-Rojo, Antonio (1996), The Repeating Island: The Caribbean and the Postmodern Perspective, Durham, NC, Duke University Press. 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(1908), From Ruwenzori to the Congo, London, John Murray. 199le AR “BE PEER AL DR, URES BL TR Fe Ay REAL So HA PA ER EP RS SEGAL FSS FER EES HEA RR” BUN BEAL SP | AGE PUBL HEIN AE EES SO — BE PRIN dH PY 98 + H§XECKobena Mercer) AY iE A VEAL —§ “28 9 0} ZS AY BEALE Dy LB FE ARE HY A PUSIUR AL 89 AR BG” (Mercer 1996:119), #£ 1970 4F AR #N 1980 SEAR SET PES FUE ARE BBY SATE FP A ET A ES PERE CIRO BEE ESOL EAR ETE. BATES FUER AR XE ODI RE IEA EA PE. Tk aE OPER TAPE SE AE A — 2 SBA, Ee ATT EA ER EPO EL, PAE T. ARM SR oR ELSE BU ALPE Be SP NE LB A DX SE AE HD OE T ARAL IRE Dak ATA SE ee HES A A. HE PERL BER AY AS ELA | A ATT RB 9 TE ATV a BS FEEDS ABA LE FE) — AF PR TT AAT 2 TT AS BE DESY, 4 URE LT Ae 9 TY FAX — I BR Eh HE AS ARI — ih PH SRR ERT 200Sank “ett WAR — AP er PE AYES » FE A Bh Se BE 9 DF HS ORE AN R$ FL A Hi th CE AD TL RA SB YER OR TE 1927 SE ADHD MCC ASO > BT ah PA RPE BD BA PA HRS “EY” fetish object) HOFER Y sh — UE BAAR R——A RRR EA. 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A Bl 38 5 PAN EE ARR ETT “BELA HE Sh ON, A RIE DE, BE — A.” FORE RELA T BTL RE RE Rl He Bi, SLMS T 2 BBR AER BR, BK RPRT ERM, BORED KLE + $M) (Carole-Anne Tyler) it SPREE AB ok ETC Dk SEH FE Be BB A FE BEER AE AEM ROR AE AAR EAS DYES a IH TL ft WR TA TK AR EIB IB” (Tyler 1994: 218), BRE BPR ACN, RRB A BAB MAR PF 9 AE AR”, TT A RES BER FER”. Bh JL BEA Bi Fs eB 09 eB ES Bs AGP BY AE eB BY AR A A, KH Hs A HA ILA RS OY. PRK S SS, fh A — Ab Be Atk a BB TR FAB EY LCS R$ TA oR Ee ER RUS. Flt WEBER) 8 Pk “RIE BS RB A ake A POEL RT EE BR EDK eR AE EA-— FER IY IER / ER HH FAR ELE AE BEE LE. PEK ANSP BY RP BE AR Be RS PSE SARE AHMAR. UTRRKK, PRB—TOR, CREM A PASE, “A FE SE BR A He ee PA) SE EH, tA RE PE 77 TE MUS ARE FETS HO » AS AO HE BE A BE RT ARE th FS BRE RE lt RR 20316 3s BIBS Rt BAA. CHROOT EH APE AA BOER SLRS BLIS TE hi PEAR DT PARR AR TE BE CE AS LETT MARR RR. RAPA SR aC HERE) (Screen) KR ILIKE, EAE 1975 FER T HIP ARTEL + BARE (Laura Mulvey) it) —Jet FUEL EA ELIE IR AA BB HN BE HE (Mulvey 1989), BAR HEAT OT T CER PUI SIG HP LE PRR PA 5 He ABEL ty SE EN) BAA I one PE Ee A EB EL AT RR NRF FUL ABEL”. TES A SRD Ae RE HEAR 8 3h TRUE AE ESP HE RIE 4B ESR RAT RNS “te ATL te CE BR A AAT a BS VA Ae BRA 0 AR FS AT TV BB TT IB = “PE EE Hee FH wT BE LG He. Att He SH AFBI SB HEA AY ? BA BB eS HE a” BAS ak HES BEI RTE RR — AE IE 8 Ie Ad PT LA BT Ds CALF SE i Fos FA fr we mG A Ha AS 4 AR YTB BY” (Irigaray 1985:99), 205BoB kK 167 a2 SYS PE EF PLY 2S Oy RE BH FE EF BAB SR AB SEE AT YS SE EA PEV REIL E19 EE A A A — ET A. OR FESS HE + FEAR WL BB WS A Bz IR BH St ee HE HE BR A Ta CH UR) ML TE HE AR EAI SX WNL BE HE ZE HH BD SH ALP EE WA PEREZ BS YL EM, AYR IS eZ Ui A oe He S89» BARA ARG EMA K— BAVA TT EAR BE A TR BBO EAE RLEMREDS LMT RA LEWELEAPAT YM, HE {PDR — AB FE SRY, ES — ak SH Be HT eA. HE ERI HE TIE A BE 8 — BA: eb EE TE HAG PBN SLAM ET AAT PE ey i a FEW IE LARGE. TSE AE BES Do — FS A | OS BS He EBERLE KE” SAS BRAR PEAT DEAE RE Tr BE HS ETT Ta fe Ty ABLE TIE RINE AOA BER, BM DB RitEsE Hab LAE, RE SG Te AA EB ARB JLERT AS. HCW + LEAK (Thomas Lacquer) ii: “ZE 1800 4F LEA » RAS AE RAB FE EF 5B FE Ye PT BE Ae A HA HE BZA MBS AMKAZMA BRAN H” (Lacquer 1990; 5). ACE PA BNA FRR T SHER SE, KABKTERS BOA Oy FR AR Be Ae THe BS, TT FL AS HE ALL a a A Se th ETE BE BRE BA Ot RP DS + FFI BF + AS- a RLIK CIsidore Geof- froy Sainte-Hilaire)7E 1836 4F 9 Bt Hb 26 FRAN : “STA RA EAB RA, TEENS MS RRP SEP HERS BEE O h ARA, TEE WGA EA — Fr BRI TPP BY BE AE 1 — BR TGS BEHE PRT FCA I HAL A A te HNZE (Epstein 1990,128). ALIEAR ATR 206Rae “att BRAS BY HS A” OD TL RS PE OS SRA SP AB RI ML. ABUL See OR RAE Fae BT EPG. 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Ze 1849 OF BRT RUA BR” AA SBI KF AS EAR ER BAKER DF PPC Sp AE SH BRB OW Pe GR Ee A MT TE SE a AaB HOT ie RK A #. RATARKEH-SAWBRMLS HR EAE AD TT ERR ER RE BE Re AAR] RT HEHE AY A BH a Ob HR A Le, MSEAARM BRS be. (Epstein 1990:121) SPE FPS AL AO TAB Hy Sk eI A Ht A A ET PEERS OF MUNG SSE 9 eR Ae eA BE TS PEER LE LE) TET 5 EL AS Oy A BEB A A AB “ae A 9 Sal BD RPE ES BB A EOI A i aE 1 KF ARE AG HES IE TL ER AG HPS RE EA EE ARS HR. RAYNE - BWI HH Julia Epstein) RA HITE SUSAR 5-H 9 RAP AS BE PE TG 8 eB A SE TS BD i: PRR AG ROKK RR, BERT AOAH EAH TBR. MHFLAREHTREAREM. KR SEE AR AME DEA P&E Be TAA HAGE NE APIA THAMAM AER HDR SR — AE RE RAR BR-KL EET ADS AAR ET ERE T ASR AM th BER 209 170171 Bomex te (Epstein 1990; 128) SUF» ROAR (AVS I TB eS AE FT SE LE Sh BPR ALE BI —— 2 a 4 —— BE AO BL BOISE AB MHA Re TAT BE» He AT VA 28 ALS BER BER GPP ARE TB. “WSR e BRE RARE EB FE ak FR A ZA OT AE ZL FARO IE FEA BIDAR AEREE UTTE. JA 1996 SE LAK, -~P% G3 BB At ISNA) HY EVAR T 2 RS PSP BP AR 2638 BEES TA A PEALE. TERS BT SEBAT AY PF DLBe te 1997 SE Rt SBA AAR AK FP OR BEG T AURE. ISNA C2 AUBE AP EAB IE RTT RPA HER BB AE DA a SRL AREF BBA a 8» 24 FR AAT ta PR TA HE SRS PR FE 4A). INSA HBR AE “AE FRR TEE EE ARAN F Ba 9 CAR UE MR”. BARE UO TE A: EE SIE VEIL AN WY AEA. TRE, Tee AR TB PR SC A a HB EEROMR. KFCRACHXKASSUAABEEM RA, EF EE EH A AL a — BLA HE BRE AR J EI RANT . PER CA AR IER , HA TEE EE KL 2000 % BER TIPE A I RAL ACA A SH HE Se PB HE BB JOEL EAFRAL, MIRA ACMA 2.5 BOKER ABAD AE MF RM MAR I — AC EY ER I A. RRA HB FR DE FE IK AES. IX — BE ISNA #5“ BAA AEE BHA” (IGM) AUS BAR TN AT RRR CEB FH MBER. “be He A: BA BE BH” (FGM) Ai Bt ik aR HE 3L-— PE RE I ABR A ZB 1% 3 REE 210eam a 2 BRRELBA 8 MWR SRI. ALESHA AR , BRS — Bh ik HB BE 1 BS kD HB MF OMAR, RE —-MEOO. FGM ERA PE et Fi— FEATS ERAT A ABE, EH EE AE A Me AERA Ae — iS, SRT AS 8 RATE A LE $3 BOR CER ABP, FGM 4485 {tL ABD BEAR BD A PRATT A AR RAS HE A SE PE, SEDGE + 4 (Prathibha Par- smear ) JA HB = °F EAS J He” 3 7 GTA FH BATT PR RES, ASCE AB 4 BOC 1 A ZEB AB — BB PT EEF 3” (Parma: and Walker 1993;95), Xie AMM RTARMR TAM KE, Ete {8448 5 SBA WA Bib Se 2k a HBT A Be Dy a PY AL GT SRAM). INSA fa — iB HK + BEF (Cheryl Chase) Hi: “ABM AA AB ATT BY SC HE 3 A DY BH BAB 5 SR AA BY HHO Et, FBTR CACHE . FEB AIAG a a SB AO HR BA BE ECE HRT] SO WRLbABIE AS AS” (Angier 1997). AUR FE SCG I BE Hy — Ph RAR TR A AB BE BRA Se GB SR LE FGM. AM AAR — 2. GLE ASC 15 HES, oy a WE Sb HE A Herodotus) i Xt 145 EF Ba. 2 7 BUCY RAPP RE ee 8A Klein 198928). MRP AAMT + KH (Alice Walker) D3 4F WRN AR Ha IR WK ABO AREA HEAT FORE RA HEAT Fs UR AAS LA OA A ERE BE OB MRA TER A HERE TERE PBEM. WORE ABBEENSS TR Be PRUE AY TAA BE OEE “BR? 9 FF” Parmar and Walker 1993;19), Sct SRE UL it RS SCE FGM Wy 40> fa BBE Jy FGM BRP BAS PRE EAE EAE EFS TE). SEER LB ALATA PA A BRETT FAR tH SE HF ate ADL 9 BL. FA — 8B EBT OK D RAAT - RSEC19I—), RRA AER RAE COR OF, —— Bik 211 172woe KR tk BBR “RUA AS IAL BERT RAL BGK DP BE TE A)» AAT HR AB 4 ABS TL AB AY Bb He ARE ETT BA, EE B28” C Angier 1997), ESS ER BREF T BDFD BS BA MALE LASS BR LEM. URN LAO E .” Fie, FCM FAUPABE_A #15 fe IE AR BR ART 5 A REE EB ERIE HE RMBREHAPAKOAT CRLEHAAT ERE RY. PROLIF FGM SF PRE Ha fh A BB Me eS SB HE FA CEA PER FRR, KB AS AIA PORE. BE + SEE ‘BAF + FEHB CHanny Lightfoot Klein) 4 i Bi: “34 FE 1G 52 8 Fa BE EO Bis EDR AT AR SE BAL 9 SA ee — ARAB EH Re AT 9 Sat as Ts AT BR ATELY SED TAT LAR J DLR A a a” BATT ta A HE By “HE Gab ATT 9 > PRE Ta-A F PH ELH” Klein 1989: 72). #674, BE EL Bow A (Bambara) #fl fet fh) BF BE AY “7 YE” CWanzo) — — Fh ABE 9 J TERE AL RE RAL ESB TL Lh BR BE ASAP S BSE. WUTIT UR. oA FREE Ab BE +H ALPES LE BE ET, ELA, FGM AU EL Bt FED AL BE PUEMRRETP MBI, ABT ER HER ZT FURR FEDS AAA EF LU) 9 BS TT BE PR, ARARBR FE CAC THe BRON. ZEB AR AT thE OT Ye 9 MES RR PONCE WARE ARE TTA ATE. {BGAN TATE BY BR 2 A A EE OB A800. WGX LAGE FGM FT a SK ER FELL Sek OR Ba PA hee A Rc ESO De ASP A Bh /ACHE RIE. ORL T BUR FGM ED XIE AB TEAS PUVA SBR LE OBS A, TT AF ae Hs te VB“ BPR ABE FRAY MEISEL TH ETT EAG TOE RA 9 HE AAT AT RES BALE Dy AS SA SOE TE — PRATT SK, TRA SEE AG A BUR A SAL TB A 212Bike et PEE FROME MA MK AE REE — eH AAR Ds DA AB A BPG te — Bet “EES SCO DEAT BRE Le AAT EER tw AT) A i TT PL A IRF LTT 8 HA ARTE, , 4 A BA RT FAR BY Sk ETH” (Parmar and Walker 1993;9) Pt HC MMAE A BS Pte tH FT) Bt 78 HS. BD FGM 3 9 EB ES RRS ARM TRAE S CRN, MATA MBAS TAO ae, SB AR AHH Bh PE LIE FAK AL Se HE UAE OO” 4B. BCE BE WY VA fl 3 A — Fp SI “Ca ok Ae Bene CIE — PART AT Ry AY EA — A AB 98 3 #2"(Kamps 1998), BIRES IBRD A MIS EAR 1B EAB CEIS EAR EAS Bp LE MH CTR TE”. PT BUEN SEE RE — Hr LEB OY VA HAT AR BAT SRR, BHT ERA TEC. HAVRE + ELAR BEC Anne Balsamo) 4 AREER PROTA SED,» BS SAR BT AF EAD nH LP AB SP ER “DE SAREE RT BALI SP” (Balsamo 1992), HER GRRE T BRA HUES SAK BAB A BEE ATT AD EE A RE ES A A FE REET HOT AR A Dy Ee Re ET OCIS.” [GRR YDB LEE APNE FR AR SEA AOR BB EI EES & FGM EGE SBR ZS BUTE TA IE FSR 9 RE ARR, PRET HE SE AE SEA HES AS TA PR BRE VES A BE Es AF a OS — a EB I A SEAGER BE == == FAURE, SE SE 5 — PF Wb 5 SS A BS 3 WERKE REAR”. MTC SEAT” BCE J PP ALA AUN HMA RBRS AREER. BRS S BA WAT AR (AR APR IN ESE Boe A, dT Ba BO BBR RRB BE “HOE TE AR” 10 FR Fo EO BRAK, EA BAEK A — HU AE fe TTA ER AR EB RT PRT” 213 1 73Bis KH ELAR BEMRIR AG RET — TUE AT DR aS tH De A FERIA AILEY ah Be HH BATT AT BG ET EY AR I SEARS MEAL A”, HARE, AB RI HY TE SB AB SE BOY FGM ff A FSET» Es td BR TE AAA EA OR AE EAS HAZ OS, SOT BCR A SA Be BL RAS A PO AA A ER RG AO SMALE, RIVE AA RET FRAY? BFE BPO AR AE Fi PRAY /SE Ps BY” 5 “OCA / Fe BO" Ht 7 BE EN — FEM Te BE, A BEE = 50 Mt a ME AH 174 BH)” tHE SR EAI” 5 EE — BPA TB FE A RF SEES BEE — 7 A TE eH YT HE HA A, BAPE Ba BREA iF 22a BB ie AS as tH I AT SB HY VARE HY ERY. DEAT A BEAR AMA Py AY FGM (el Bo ae ASHRAF AHR ER IB ARR a ALL BD Be wy HN” BR A Se EWU ABR A THR ABE A DA AS I 9 bE. DT + TT (Coco Fusco) 48i8 Bb: “HAIER APR. BP RCE EBB LE HABA AY A BG Hh ST» dF EH BEE A PLA A” (Fusco 199769). Fah y — CK HE Ft AS Ra EI UF eg TR AB 1997 4 1 Fy MAD AP RESTS + ELS + BEBE Amado Carril- lo Fuentes) #E4it 8 ATH RIRERZ GTA T fi. Silk ret, Rae SERB RRM PAE A ALI ATE A BPE Ak. Pe AR et 9 SE LSE AE AE A FGM SRR, — PBR I a is ERB i EMT TALE Ri HTT AR EL ok ME A LU Sd Bk BE BF Ke All BREA ARIA BY T RG AR EE RRA ARMOR -HAK. HRHEERRAR, Mieke Raa S. TEAS BERET RY AY BH A SBC A EA — #. 214Bie 32 tn PAE NSB FT FESR A BEAR GSE tr» 5 BE HE “RB WE” Be HE AFH) Ae MEAG TB. YATE a a Bh RE SE EB BPM UGR TL Ee Oe eA RE IR. IR ART 3 SAE BAS: 2H” 9 a» BAL) Ta A a a pA 8 WR ADAYA FE AGP OY TT AES A SPE EEA AD ET BS, BHR HAL (miscegenation) ik Th XE AE AR“ Ze ER EP IL. WRECK TAMA A KE LOWRIE, AM RaW BUI FL A AR ME ik He BA EY AL te HEEVLELRRG A. CM RMA, PEF Ait T EMS FRA ALIS Oe I A ah, oR ERA ARAM ENS eA 3X = Fh wi 6 9 He URE. EAL PAY A PS KE A CaN mulatto/a, CARRE AA MARA RATA MR. Tif mes- tizo/a 3X/Mal A EDL AAG mulatto/a Bre AF ac, PAE IS Tia ae FRSA RAB BP EAT LH 24 AR A ET SA 9 OC A a FREER ATA RA BE RAGGA T ABR, BIRT HEP UE BA HE PAT IE IR” Cmixed-race) HY HG | T YAP RETA ROS. FR BOR TEA E. A ARR AT LU — REBAR RART — BEBE RATS, SE — SB St A A aE aE HH EES TA BY PAGER HBS} FE 3K — AY EE BERET SCA A ASHE TE SEAS WHE AR SUAS. A REED Dy BAO La PES A SEB 6 SSR HPL BEL EA Ba He, GA) A I AIA OER EES, TLE AUER AHS BE a BY, HE AA BB ASHE TRIE HN — TP IS ERE A. 21517 a Bim Xt SEDARIS BS BTR eB FE IR RB 9 A FE ASSAM, AE BE i TE A SH FB Sh» BERL A BE IG Be BEE ARITA RBS Ee ERR SRL BER WEAA. TREE + BY CEdward Long) —-— 34 AU sod TD 18 the Fon ts Xf Se He Hl BE HE A —— HF HE mulacto ff] FE — HEA AR THBP IN «ATES F ae Oe A St AT A 9 PRR a A A mu Latto 40 AEA — ASR Se BS Dy TE A RE FA A Ah A AF ATTA ADL JES RAG 5 ELA PT AR oh 0 — SR OSE 88 PER BBE EA A” (Long 1774, vol. I; 335), MDB, mulatto/ apy F Fe QE wm IL» A,/ hab 1) OS A: RR EE BAL A a EY AAS BP ZAC IG Hh Be DARR PRUEBAS A EE”. ORR CORRE » CASK TE WA Se AR EAE PEA. BE ER TA ES A EER. Ae th A AR BERRA ER BERT PE AE AR, PART RE BE BCREAR IE M6 BA 7S IB SE » BR PE He 3 HE Ss HG BB ST BD PA eB Be. ATP ARRAN RB AREAS + ER HEB (Saartje Baartman) » A fit A948 44397” (Hottentot Venus) — ik T “i 2> 9 HR", LAR RES ETE BE IS AAO AL AL A (Khoikhoi) , 1810 4F a BEAEAP ENT (08, tthe He Be Et (Egyptian Hall) i 4 Sk FR RD Se BE FE GU HC BURA PR GEER OS — PE EH a 1824 SEDER + BAI (Theodore Géricault) DAY« HAL WZ BE Dim AR LA 1896 AE SE BET AB FEL HABE AYR AB ALE IS PMB 19 TEL PD A OE Ae AT A a 9 HORACE T ARTE REM A BIE — ni. Sth BE ARBLD DT AB Be LF Be EA A A a A A AB RT — PE AR. 1815 ERA BA AE 26 PEMWTIS TK HE ERI ° © PERS + MBL (Theodore Géricault.1791—1824) , ARB E LMR, ARACEAE PS EY 1819) ORR 9: LS ER a Pa 1816 4632 FA A ATE 216ane at JME (Georges Cuvier) Ox ith ft) EH aF B O T ER» IF LAB ILA EL TE BRA SH Dy EG A MB OA I — EBS BIA (Fausto-Sterling 1995), AIS{CA 4h HY HE ERI AWE EA — FE CASE — AB DP A TA HE HE I ie AA FARES KAR AE HES A ET FGM AYN iE 4. ERPS a PE — “ESS SEA OE PERE TMA IE. PEAR EE BA A PE BRA PERE A BT es HL, Fe 2 eH ARE BRE REA A ATF BPSD TEE 19 HEE A BF AY JEG. FIR HE AU BAB TT 5) el Hh 2 2 AE — PPR AE PS KRU WERE ERNE SEERA LM, BRS RA RUE RATA IEPA. FES A BY EE ET — ‘Oy TVA FED he AN ZT BAAR A BR SH RATT ‘PASE Fh DE FP TE HE PR SELF MB BY» GK HE BL EFA BR), BRSARE , EL AC SR i BER 5s BE FB PT PASO: ARP PE TU HT a SS Se A SE A AE ID IA A HARON GRR + Gl + IEA BE (Paul Di Filippo) SBE AT-M B + $6132.91 (Suzan-Lori Parks), VA Ri WF NY He BIS + EY + ATT EW; (Frida High Teslagiorgis) SEAVIFE + 78 (ke Ude) AIRTAE AI We - FER HT (Penny Siopis) EAH ARR BR HALA IN . E19 HELPP APE AE BA) APS J SE RARE — PE AB SFE EELS HR HE ANA: LH BEAR» TT LL BS ACB pH BB TE BERL fil BE. PEI BE HE ah oP BE BE — BB PS — IR LD ®D JBHEME (Georges Cuvier, 1769—1832) , Hi: Hl By WH AR. HBR AE AT BAe BEA. PRE © RYU (Steampunk) , KEGAN A (cyberpunk) BEAL iH FE HY Fal, BOR LIAR AURA. “RPE” ATE AE LA 19 TEE PAST is Pa A i a HE OS SEA ETE A VE TP — BOB REL, PRE 217177 BiBs x (The Octoroon ) (1859) ft) 28 Hal. TE SE Be AR Jal HE BR #0 DH A AR AF (Dion Boucicault) D#84275 Bl + HAE (Mayne Reid) fy 384 PO 5h — 388 tl JL? CHa TREAD, ALPES AR AY 1850 SERB AE TERT AT BL ZEA HE Hh aT EE TAVIS 2 — (quadroon) BK /\ 4-2 — Coctoroon) JE YH SA i 9 HIE Ee BR Sete “HEA” ORAS — FP HI) SF oh HAY SB) 10 A, PR + BEL Louisa Picquet) gi Jiik FF — fit 1c, WHIALIZ BC FESR Et RSE T 1500 FTC EAB TATRA — BAH A T (Picquet 1988: 17). HrRIeA AAR ARB BE BR AP AE — APE OBR, OB Se 9 29 HR + BA Coseph Roach) A FF + Lk A AB A Oe AF AN FEE RAY = 7G tf — ASR BRS HA, KES” (Roach 1992; 180), KB, RSI CB HE) BE BT A SS BAS A tA af SR RETR. AA AT RW LAR EA, BOR TET ES Fi]. -PEMIPE AS ACFE BIE. — 744 FRG + PATA SE A eC THOME — PMMA. FBR AMBRE T PEND Z— AMBER AMER 4 ft Ae BPR BREN 5 eb EE “es LB Ae a a 8B 9 Fh 2” a aR ths 9 BB A SK BEE FEAR ABR Ha A TK BS HELE, BR ty AE AD A ERE 2 AT EE ZT BY LB — ET A Fi.” CBoucicault 1987; 154), ef Ey MR AS T — FE sth FA HEE Pa BC TRAE, ARIE A BTS a RIE FR BEY SCT as BE YER PD Ee OL) 8 Ih BA-RER EN RU RSAP—-PRI. BARRE RB BA + KPEME A (Aluiso Azvedo) ZE {th MY ) 84 38 Il JL>( The Mulat- 0) (1881) HEAR FA BET SC HU A, «BOAR a] (19 A ME AD RS D MPH ARAFCDion Boucicault, 1820—1890) » 3A 22 WA ALB PER. —— FARE © FYB + AE CMayne Reid, 1818—1883) , BAR 3H (BD BER WEED AKG EA EEE NR. — PARE 218Bae “AE PRC. BM AEARERS + E+ KERALA RE FAYE 1A EA, ft Fd EB FORO, AB TR A, tt BB ASIF: CRRA) ee BE PT Be We EPR BY A Se a tb At 9B SR SR H AES BARBI TRAC RT A Ae BR Ae th LA Fit, RUST eH a EMT TOE. A DIB AKAM MRBS "Rh" CAzvedo 1990: 211). ARATE, HR SAIS TE T AL TAR AYER DEES T — PERI. ER ER A RABAMANED 2 BMRA, Alb tea EB. PRE EIS ERE MG + SERED + UHL AK (Thomas Satterwhite Noble) 9 3H ii¢ mL BS Btls )(The Price of Blood) (1868, TH HiHH . tT FEARED TT ABE a AT, A RS SE BNA BB 8 HLT A LF. PRE BRAKA RMT HE Se TG WIT eS BE SE A TF] ABH Ge RE Ds LY a SET. ABIL SBE Pe FTC ROS BT — ASS HR EY RB A AE SE AS HVEOMKARAAA,. AAR ae ARE BAER MLA HAF RABE AWA (Boime 1990: 83-84). 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SXRRBISIE + SLAF Jenny Sharpe) ZE 1 Be Hm Mh He Hs EX 9 HPL a BT BY “SHURA FMA SA Ba 2 BB A AR a ATT BH SEA A SES ADT SR ABATE AS T OO EAS + HES AHH (Harriet Jacobs) EAE (—FA ILIKE EER) Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl) 1861) BiH AEF HAY AK PA” (Sharpe 1996: 32, 46). AES Hit Ah FBTR — MRA BFE BA (Malinche) , Sth — Bal Be AF Ee FRSA ERRARS + PLIES Ma mT a. SEG REHEAT T MBSR AG SAAS A » ETA — Ba a HA 221wuoBo XK PGE, BEA BATE A (Chicana) Of] teas He HE EMA SH BR (Goldberg 1992; 204), SHEA te WY WL ae PR AE AO A EL on SRR bE), AER BATT RMACHET—TRRAL RIL A AAR E LER KAW— ANBHTE WA De ea BR SEP RE 8) — 2 FE, SE APM AE ORR, WU ERSAR KAM RERR, MEE BRIE A H9F BEL F EE + 4% Robert Young) Mri “BF FABRE KA GT BB 1S ES : — AE LA Hd HG Fi AB Bk — AFL DA BART ABR” Young 1995; 149), XA SEAM 4S RR RY BO OE ET A PRBS EBB ON “PRO A”. 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BATTS PERE BAD ST aH A 22S BS AR AG Me Be Fil] WE 3) HE A BH A — TSA A OM J I AS PER LILIA AOA + BCE ABR CE UR TU PAL Sh BC BY 5 EECA 1910 AEB) 1919 4) RA OP I BS ERAN FARACULPAL 5. 5). “ERR A Sid Bh A PA SE A TE EL FE AB a Of ie NL BD ST ADS as A MTA At EL Fi» BUDS a ASL Sk IESE A Ze te «TL eB — Hh FEAT EVE AAT PARR SCL A oe ia SBR LA ak dt SARE BE MP AEE UI RP ES PBA RIE Too EAE IU A GPS IBS TB) OIA» 2 bo eT ef A AC SRSA NE CS PIE «SAM DEE tt 0) fe a A al AM THR Dy et 9 225 Te AB RE as TB SIS A HRP J FR PM JF ie a AE Be BRERA A SLIVER: , WIR Ae Oh XS HR AT BIR” REE 224Sam “Et En Beeyre FRA RAR REAR i MATT HF HO SRB HE HE LEICA 9 EADS ES» I 5 LU A J EIS ZACH FE EE) «ALS A BS A FB Aer Se Ha 2 HULA IAF AE TO AS ET Eb SE WT fi 3K fmt EELFAL ETE 1857 AP BRB “© AL LL REA one FEAR AB CAA TAG BE AE) NAA ACA VE” «AA A a“ — at A A OE FR" (Gilroy 1991, 153). 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ADR OR BT AER oh EEA BS A BDH HR AT Be PAT Ha aE OSE 8 SR ae HR ET — a Ss” eRe RAE eA HE ft BP PE BF LB] 89 Fk — EAR SPHERE YER PE $F aR HAS MILT A EA Be BNE EAH, TFG BEE EL UT TB A AIRSET ALE AR AE» TE GENT ASC AEP “TD EE AS A” a BR AS UREA EMEA. 1885 AF BFL YI AG JPR AB TE SR CLabouchére A- mendment) {i 53 A (8) BO FEA51 1 ie fake 5S AB wT LIE AT Hy Weeks 1989: 102), KNEE EAR AT be TRE RRC “— ERD A BRIAR ABT] BS Et PRE AT SE BS FF A He BATE” CWeeks 1989; 100). 46 1903 4E AY Ait BLDG RP ESS TT Ta EFT IIT. he BY BEE Wy EAH YE A aR ETE + BE EEE (Sir Hector Mac- 226Rie oe Donald) ft) 8 AS “SERED ERS AN, CHS ELH FR th A — PEA PA TAR I BAIT IK 98” (Girodias and Singleton-Gates 1959; 123), ILS D4 at — A as BE I ft ee SEB A Be A FR. TEMES Bi —§ th ea 0 aR SB BL at 9 SE } — Bh, AR Seis HEAT RE RR UR EE A I id RAMA RAT MICRA EE MEP ADEA REAR. EMR MEME EL APT AE + BERRA AS + SUNT EE 1897 4E ERA ERS Bh ERAT BIAUIb EH St HEAR, AT 95 BK A (Loanda) ABBA TASTE A EEE AP TER? Oo UA RR ETS LDA DAB TELS « 0 TIRE 5 EDR BP te SEL Hs BI WOH) BR AF A BRR A JA 2S Bad BLE TB 36” (Giirodias and Single- ton-Gates 1959; 93). SLATER IH Be ES Gs AR BG RUUUCAES «SSCA RRE LA fet 6 09 BM A a Pa BE SOT 9 LAF Tiric BREF LARA. RRR T SERED. ER IR TIT VRE SB A RB FAL, Ik PH A ADL Sh > HE SE PE » TAR 70 HB AR a eA AE SL. AA TLS 171 es EH) BF Bg 2 PE A BE Sg TES KS ERA RUE TRE. AEE AR LIE RAEW AN TLR ABS A HE BE 0 OF 3 FB AY TA SE PIAS SR EA)» REAR APE , REA BRI ESB BI LT A I Pt BR EE PEAULAS “AB RE AS UR RTE ae BE! Ay BE EE RR AB a OY A ET AR 5 "(EET TP RAGA EA SEA He A TD SS BY BLE a SBR ARE 5 BEE AB TLIO OT AF 6 wae TT yt AST AF PT HW RSRRES A th. MR, TAT BERR TBA FADE ee BATHE AEN AK BS + BEM Cf Arnadiume) D “FENRA” (Conquistador) , 3 M4548 16 tH 2 A Ge AML BY He Sb OX A SE BA RAR. — aE 227woBe KR Seb RT LG CNnobi) OB ie PFA HE ST A A ESE AB AS» ER HL Se x te Zi EAR HSA)» BS A ET AYALA SR REIT Ty ITU 5 te AAR AT DLR — PE PE” PRT BPEL Lc DAES SE fad BA RY IE OR BE ABE AT A AA REA” (Amadiume 1987; 7)» EF 32 He BAPE Br 0“ BA” THE BAS. RAMI ETL A i BE TB PRRUAIT FUER TAHA RR EMEA. RAMAN RAR KET ~ AL HMI SM + 14 (Frantz Fanon) Bi A TE GHEE FETT Z FERRO» REEMA A SEE EA BR AE AGM. TEMG + (EAE (Gaurav Desai) PFBE: “> ETE AY EE SEHP SADE Dy BK IE AB AB PAL EAS TT — BE HE REL” (Desai 1997; 128), SOT A) Ey SH ODT HY FERAL ET + AERC Alice Green) HY fa Pb SIE “RAS SERB LASHAP RMN AAR RAS 8 eR HAG TR, FLAS — AA ERA HE A ATE A IB A HS AN BEE SAAS HIM. ATT PE A TE 9 AR AE RAR Se St Tt LST TTF FH BE A A, (EE ft th ET FD ES TTS FA A A Se TT HT“ Sh A”. 1895 FF AE ERRORS + ERRATA TSE Ea A Se LT AB HE SS She Er 9 Me EE RS A, Se AGE RRA” AMAT PAA Ee SKS He ER 1900 FS oF ft 1 A BE + SB AHF (Wilhelm Flies) HSB St 35 4% 69 (1 LAE. AE DB A AF FR. BB RES BAAS) i A AB “ER” BEAR OG. RPE Pk RIED BA. Se A HUH hi Bh AE ET — ANB AEA HEAR GRP AMDT PRD + BAAR AB SEL Louis Althus- OD RRA AAR RB RRS, — PAE,Rae Et ser JOT RFA) » Hii RESTA FA AFL BE BLA BL 4 AUS A EAN SERRA, 7 PEA A BR «REA SEL ST Te Et STE ABO TEAS TY, LALIT TP A ED PEM TER FAT — FP ER OES A HS eS A HE I — ik. FP SCP SEAN SE RTE Bh SUNT TAPE 1916 ZERIT, CE GEL 5 PLD BB 2 AE FB as TB AS 9 A ay, 3h HE Je — BOE SE BL ea 6 TE PR 9 BE PL, A a a BT ARIE — BRB — THA, RE-TREBA, BSBA FES PEI ASF AB. WH ARAB” (Girodias and Singleton-Gates 1959: 27), ABEL WS TT RRA Se EB ET EE AB AED BAWABA. AS RE BRAT — TRA. HTT Re ARAB LILER SMR —RA—_Bwar eS, CRE BAA CAE RAIA Fb FE IB” TR SB. LTD Be aS EN EE ARRIETA AE” FEA LER Me ESAS at BEY LAT PE”. AE OE IE DEAL ME ULNA SE AE - YEAR (Lee Edelman) Hee HaaB 9 « “si (032 SB AY AAD TEA te FAISAL FBCAY” (Edelman 1991; 103), SEHR AY REL MOOR GE AY AE RI APE SG. HAPEU NEB TRUMARZ A, BH wR AE. “RPEARA” (queer) AIEEE BOE — Ag BF WE RP A RE RTT LPS URS + PRAT AE + BEA BE OTL AY TE BSAA ACE WT ARR ALI SEM EY HL ALI 4 HARRELL — ANA 0 HE SU HE BD TG AB FD CRE FE) TE — MAHBAY” (Sedgwiek 1993: 18). KIA ABIES AILRMN MAHL EAR ERT AHERN MAKE EB AERA NESW BEA FBLA BIRR RP 9 RA LE TEE. PEAS FBLA BU SY” BL A» ELE AE BE HT OD 229187 eoBd Xt HER AMAA BARRE T IE PNA. WX TA BE PES BREN AG BES MK A BRIE RN, ORT TALE: 50} — BRE 20 He EARP RI ARACEAE EE? AUR AR AC + A Ta A 8), HE “RHE AE BS Ee ll «EE Ho EE aid sy Oe BE BE BAENRA-AMEFR WENA ERA ETL AH. BU «FADE 78S 0 A, a Oh "(Butler 1994; 24), fA fEM— MS AENSH BEBE T A ASA SA Tl SE BAY al PE FEF Sb BB A ew a Bd TE SAP EA LU eT Bete, PERE SUR A RRB RAEN AM REBAR HH. SOAR EAR HE AS THE AS RE 7 oh TDG SEAR + BPH (Michael Taus- sig) PRE“ BEERS EX” (cool realism) , ix Fh “MBAS FE NK” th HE LI PVR RE a SR OS eS BRR DB PE A 2 STE). FECAR AR AN Ly DADS READ , Th 28 ARAB AR SEE AR BO ETS AGB. CEE HES AW SASS FA TE BE HK HA BT he Ey feb 9 4th -8§ —— BB 4 Ae A ET Ba Be A”, BR A SCA —— FABRE «VPA RH OE OB a Hi AB A KY TT HEA ROR PRAT BS. hee ALS OB Be] BD Ba Be I HH AE, BE RM | PERT ELA EUR A a BBE EA KU IS A FE MF ORE th aR HR YR TOR. “RAE SROAEL |” TAS 5 SOREN AE AP9 ER AS Te — lg BRP) Tt, FEE A ER BF BB PR AE 7 ot TE A BEB TT Bp « SEAR ARE CAlan Sinfield) BATHE HH PEAS SCAG HT LA i — AP RAAT (Sinfield 1996), MFRIRM AM RAH IX PASAT LB BURL» RE Ce TRAD LE ES. FAR REBAR A te ee Fa TIE AR TEAS 05 » TES AF IH FE ES SER TT BAA DERE RRL TARE EB. AIRE, 230mam Att EMBER AZ NAT EE T ROS PERT, RRA BUY, (AERA BIE BBE SUCH. RAY DRAGER BAS KARA, EE“ BE RAE” (Sedgwick) VA“ BAPE 9” Edelman) “38 32 886” (Mayne) See 88 9 E LAW DLP FE Be AE AY BLA TREAD RR Ry HT A HE PTT RE SPSL SP 8 FAT AR A HL OB HL SE A Tf ATURE" Be AT A”. “RFE LIL FAD BY BORE FRESE — By FA FF ARE TH ABA WY SiR. ERB + HAR (Samuel Fosso) (AEF 1962 4F) HRB His BATT AY 2 a BPR EB" A — PS HR He A Pe eR PE FEAL AY ABBE LHe AEE. HWTE 13 9 THULE RE WB 1976 AEE SOAS 2 A BRAT RLM RI TMG RB HO RIEREE. MA REP AE, ee Le fk (Letraset) HY PR AE. ZEFLH — GRIT HE AS aE a A 2 A WE FTA Sk EA RE ARRAN TDR Aa VAP Ze ES RR BE foe. WRMMAH,— AAA RL ALARA ARK. BT IEARIAR SE. TORE TE — HY HR BRE ATE AI AC. EA HB A Ih DEERE ESRF Gs MEE BA FAT EET, — RB BE 55 — FUROR ET» BE HC AL CULPA 95. 6). AL SE — a OK HAREM APY CR HE RS LR RAE BEB TIA. FRAT DH» BE AT A AR A 3 a WARM. RAR RE REE R AY AG. FE Ae eB ft TREE BES EK EB RR TH 0 Le SEALE T . SABLA Ec BeBe ATT AT DASE Bf LP SE TE — HARK ERM. RUA ACES HRA BONY AOE. BRIE CRRA) BRE BET CEE 55 ETE 1B OM /AE DM PR AI RS BB SAY ALR AR AL Hh SP TER EAE A 231 88tk. PRE AT ASAE A 9 ABT Seo BL AAT IT FRE AREAS UR» PERK Tr TAS SEB — He Nee HEEL + ANIL thse dE FR ZR BRA IR Et BATTS 5 EB Se BRR I Jes BL RE DRAB TT 4 ttt. 189 SL 6 ERK ee Sos ARanit He AP BEL BR AB BS ZS HEE a A 9 TE fg — TER DK + 3 JE-R 44 (Rotimi Fani-Kayode, 1955—1989) Aya # TA BSS Ha IR ATTY BABB RA RT BAF AD 9 28 Je ASE A I 5 1966 44 ft Be Be BA — Sa BODE PSH SEE PE BELA. RAF ZANE A PE — Pb AP AR AE J IR AE OL DEES 1 09 HE PBR ALPE 3 PAL 232 EERAD ROR-THAH ES EMA ND HT EM XKHB LTH URRARARRAA ESE RH BHR AMA BY BIG AL By AR OY fae AR eH OK PLP CHEREXKLA MREHRAAG HH, READE ERR IF RD F i Bk. Kh A Al BB —§$ BA aHRam CRE 4.7 de RAT NHB. BREE CH YE EY Rae SRILA, WARE UCAKASY A fe EU a RE (In/ sight 1996; 263) FEA HE ELDAR > (White Feet )(c. 1987) Fl, We Je--R UE BELT — BP BEALE A) OLN ALANS FA i tA HG CULL 5.7). APPA A FS CE — BBP SCR SE 9 FL eR OR Ae BE A PRA AUR RE, RTA SR SRL BEAR Td ABT LAB Ks « LAR I ASE ELITE SPEAK AE MEG SENT + AIT CAlex Hirst) fF PEGE “CH BEE — SBA, AR AS Fa I OSE Ae 5 Is A JAB MEY 3 AY €” (Pani-Kayode 1988: 3). RUT IRIN SSE LAE B57 Gh 233190 191 woHe RH ARRZMURSAKAKRR ES BH Zt. ESA 8 MERRIER EASA AA). MEER REE FEA BYE RSET CTA TEL ft Pe TD Ee 3 TA aA. IER ee ES HI AB Ta BR BBE BA BE IPH A LTE HEB BB EB Nh Be BERT — PPB. TE tity FA CES HE EB EME) Union Jack) B, RAE RAWE—-TRERAT BRA E BM, OS . RRR it SEAR E LATE RA EBT RA RA”, Eat th 2 MA RER , TOE SS BM 9 FC ee ER BS A TE EG ADRS SS ALE A HE 9 HH At RES ARH. ERAN FINE WE ZW Kagga Kamma Game Park) 1, —#F KANE 40 A 266 Bh BTR AY “AA KA” (Bushmen) — BAL BL Bt A BT UE. 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