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Unsur-unsur dasar struktur bangunan tinggi adalah : Unsur Linear, berupa kolom dan balok yang mampu menahan gaya aksial dan gaya rotasi Unsur Permukaan, terdiri dari dinding dan plat Unsur Spasial, merupakan pembungkus fasade atau core (inti) dengan mengikat bangunan agar berlaku sebagai satu kesatuan
Type sistem struktur bangunan bertingkat tinggi : 1. Dinding pendukung sejajar (Pararel bearing wall) 2. Inti dan dinding pendukung fasade (Core and fasade bearing wall) 3. Boks Berdiri sendiri (Self support box) 4. Plat terkantilever (Cantilevered slab) 5. Plat rata (Flat slab) 6. Interspasial (interspatial) 7. Gantung (suspention) 8. Rangka Selang Seling (Staggered truss) 9. Rangka Kaku (Rigid frame) 10. Rangka Kaku dan Inti (Rigid frame and core) 11. Rangka Trussed (Trussed frame) 12. Rangka Belt trussed dan inti (Belt trussed frame and core) 13. Tabung dalam tabung (Tube in tube) 14. Kumpulan tabung (Bundled tube)
Beberapa faktor dalam perencanaan sistem pembangunan struktur bangunan tinggi adalah : 1. Pertimbangan umum ekonomi 2. Kondisi tanah 3. Rasio tinggi lebar suatu bangunan 4. Pertimbangan fabrikasi dan pembangunan 5. Pertimbangan mekanis (sistem utilitasnya) 6. Pertimbangan tingkat bahaya kebakaran 7. Pertimbangan peraturan bangunan setempat 8. Ketersediaan dan harga bahan konstruksi utama
Konstruksi Beton
Konstruksi Baja
Berbagai Pola sistem truktur rangka pada bangunan tinggi yang umum dipergunakan
Inti dan Dinding Pendukung Fasad Core & Fasad Bearing Wall
Sistem dinding geser yang diletakkan sebagai core bangunan dan pada dinding fasad
Chrysler Building
Contoh beberapa bangunan yang mempergunakan sistem rigid frame dan core
Burj Khalifa
Bartlesville Tower
Hongkong Bank
SWFC
Rangka Belt trussed dan inti (Belt trussed frame and core)
Mirip sistem Staggered Truss, tetapi diperkuat dengan core, untuk bangunan yang lebih tinggi
SWFC
Sears Tower
Taipei 101
Old WTC
Built 1873 1889 1890 1894 1895 1899 1901 1908 1909 1913 1930 1930 1931 1972
Building Equitable Life Building Auditorium Building New York World Building Manhattan Life Insurance Building Milwaukee City Hall
City New York City Chicago New York City New York City Milwaukee
Country United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States 927 ft 1,250 ft 1,368 ft 142 ft 269 ft 309 ft 348 ft 353 ft 391 ft 511 ft 612 ft 700 ft 792 ft
Roof 43 m 82 m 94 m 106 m 108 m 119 m 155.8 m 187 m 213 m 241 m 8 17 20 18 15 30 9 47 50 57 70 282.9 m 381 m 417 m 77 102 110
Floors
Pinnacle
Current status Destroyed by fire in 1912 Standing Demolished in 1955 Demolished in 1930 Standing Standing
349 ft 349 ft
106 m 106 m
Park Row Building New York City Philadelphia City Philadelphia Hall Singer Building Met Life Tower Woolworth Building 40 Wall Street Empire State Building World Trade Center (North tower) Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) Petronas Tower Taipei 101 Burj Khalifa New York City New York City New York City New York City
548 ft
167 m
Chrysler Building New York City New York City New York City
1974
Chicago
1,450 ft
108
1,729 ft
527 m
2004 2010
Taipei Dubai
1,474 ft 2,717 ft
101 160
1,671 ft 2,717 ft
509 m 828 m
Potongan : Di bawah level 155 menggunakan struktur beton level 156 ke atas menggunakan struktur baja dengan sistem Spire Structure (mirip kantilever)
Coordinates
Status Groundbreaking Opening Use
Mixed-use
Antenna or spire
Floor count
Floor area
Developer
Architect(s)
Contractor
Groundbreaking
Estimated completion Use
9 March 2009
2016 Office, hotel, residential Height
Roof
Technical details
Floor count Floor area 110 228,000 m (2,450,000 sq ft) (183,000 2 m (1,970,000 sq ft) tower) Companies involved Architect(s) Owner Skidmore, Owings and Merrill Lotte Shopping Co. Ltd
2
Status Use
Under Construction
[1][2]
Roof
Floor count
Developer
Floor count
Floor area
105
2,599,980 sq ft (241,546 2 [2] m) Companies involved David Childs (Skidmore, [4] Owings & Merrill) WSP Cantor Seinuk Tishman Construction
Developer
Office, hotel, retail, entertainment, observation Height 632 m (2,073 ft) 565.6 m (1,856 ft) Technical details 128 380,000 m (4,090,300 sq ft) above grade 2 170,000 m (1,829,900 sq ft) [2] below grade Companies involved Gensler
2
Thornton Tomasetti Shanghai Tower Construction & Development Co., Ltd. Shanghai Tower Construction
Residential