Arc Flash Analysis Advanced Topics

Arc Flash Analysis - February 2007 ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Technology, Inc. 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc.Operation Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis Slide 1

Topics Differential Rela Relays s Arc Flash Detectors Maintenance Mode Analysis of Results Troubleshooting FCT problems

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Differential Relays Generator Differential Protection Transformer Differential Protection Bus Differential Protection

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Gen Differential Relay

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Transformer Differential i i Relay

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Bus Differential Relay

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ETAP System
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Arc Flash Detectors (Light) Define the Enclosures Define which Enclosures have Arc Sensors D Determine t i th the D Definite fi it time ti f for Relay R l to Trip Combination of Overcurrent and Light D t ti Detection
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Enclosures

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Light Sensor and Overcurrent Relay Combination

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Light Sensor Only

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Maintenance Modes Reduce Red ce the Fa Fault lt Clearing Time (FCT) Reduce the Incident Energy Make Energized Work Safer

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Maintenance Mode ode

Normal N l Operating Mode

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Normal Operating Mode

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Normal Operating Mode

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Maintenance Mode

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Maintenance Mode

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Analysis of Results
Consider all Configurations Consider all Scenarios Generate MS Excel Reports Analyze Anal e Res Results lts for PDs and B Buses ses Determine the Worst-Case Incident Energy Prepare the Data for Creating the Labels

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Important Definitions
Bolted Fault Current: 3 3-Phase Phase Short-circuit Short circuit current used to determine the arcing current Arcing Current: current that flows in the event of an arc fault f lt and di is t typically i ll l less th than th the available il bl SC current Source Protective Device: The upstream PD that energizes a given bus. Multiple fed buses must have multiple source PDs FCT FCT: Fault Fa lt clearing time of the last protecti protective e de device ice to clear an arc fault (the FCT can only be determined from source PDs

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Why the FCT cannot be Determined

1. The protective device (PD) interlocks have not been properly configured or library selection has not been made for f fuse f relay, etc. 2. Arcing current is too low and source PD does not trip 3. The source PD is outside the search capability 4. The source PD is outside the reach of maximum number of upstream search levels

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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Why the FCT cannot be Determined

5. The bolted Short-circuit current is outside the range allowed by IEEE 6. The bus nominal kV is outside the range allowed by IEEE 7. The user-defined bus FCT is set to zero

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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1.a a PDS Sa are e missing ss g

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1 b PDS are missing Interlocks 1.b

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2 Arcing Current is too Low 2.

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

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2.a Find the Arcing Current Contribution

To determine the arcing current you need to take the ratio of the SC contribution over the total SC current Multiply the total arcing current. current times the ratio

(34.32 kA/35.3 kA)*24.26 kA = 23.58 kA Now convert to the primary b base kV 23.58 kA * (0.48kV/13.2kV) = 0.857 0 857 kA
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2.b Plot the Arcing Current to find FCT

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3. Source PD is outside search capability

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4. Source PD is outside search capability

Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1

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5&6 6. IEEE Limitations

Bus Nominal kV is too low

Short-circuit current is too low or too high

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7 BUS UD FCT is set to zero 7.

1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Arc Flash Analysis

If the FCT cannot be determined from Source PD Etap will determine it from the Bus

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