Xuyen Tam Thao

I HC THI NGUYN
TRNG I HC S PHM
HONG TH YN
NGHIN CU THNH PHN HO HC

CY XUYN TM THO (CANSCORA LUCIDISSIMA)
H LONG M (GENTIANACEAE) CAO BNG
LUN VN THC S KHOA HC HO HC
Thi Nguyn, nm 2010
S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn
http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.vn
I HC THI NGUYN
TRNG I HC S PHM
HONG TH YN
NGHIN CU THNH PHN HO HC

CY XUYN TM THO (CANSCORA LUCIDISSIMA)
H LONG M (GENTIANACEAE) CAO BNG
Chuyn ngnh: Ho hu c
M s: 60.44.27
LUN VN THC S KHOA HC HO HC
NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: PGS.TS PHM VN THNH
Thi Nguyn, nm 2010

LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan y l cng trnh nghin cu ca ring ti, cc s
liu, kt qu nu trong lun vn ny l trung thc v cha tng c ai cng
b trong bt k cng trnh no khc.
Tc gi
Hong Th Yn
LI CM N
Lun vn c hon thnh ti phng th nghim khoa Ha hc c
trng i hc s phm Thi Nguyn
Ti xin chn thnh by t lng cm n su sc ca mnh ti PGS.TS
Phm Vn Thnh - Ngi thy tn tnh hng dn, ng vin v gip
ti trong sut qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu v thc hin lun vn .
Ti xin chn trn trng cm n TS. Nguyn Quyt Tin, TS. Phm Th
Hng Minh, Th.S. V Anh Tun nhng ngi thy ng vin v gip
tng bc i ca ti trong qu trnh nghin cu thc hin lun vn.
Xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa Ho - Trng i hc
S phm Thi Nguyn, phng hot cht sinh hc ca trng i hc Y Thi
Nguyn, cc thy c phng HCSH -Vin KH v CNVN, phng nghin cu
cu trc - Vin Ha hc tn tnh gip v to mi iu kin thun li
ti hon thnh cc k hoch nghin cu.
Xin chn thnh cm n Ban gim hiu, khoa Sau i hc trng i
hc S phm Thi Nguyn- i hc Thi Nguyn to mi iu kin thun li
cho ti trong sut qu trnh hc tp v lm lun vn.
Thi Nguyn, thng 8 nm 2010
Tc gi
Hong Th Yn
MC LC
Trang
M U ....................................................................................................... 1
CHNG I: TNG QUAN CC THC VT CHI CANSCORA V
THNH PHN HO HC CA N ......................................................... 3
1.1. Khi qut v cc thc vt chi Canscora ............................................... 3
1.2. c im sinh trng v pht trin ca cy xuyn tm tho (Canscora
lucidissima Hand- Mazz).............................................................................. 4
1.3. Nhng nghin cu ho thc vt chi canscora ...................................... 5
1.3.1. Cc hp cht c khung flavonoit ................................................... 6
1.3.2. Cc hp cht khung steroit ............................................................ 6
I.3.3. Cc hp cht c khung triterpenoit ................................................ 8
1.3.4. Cc hp cht khung xanthon ......................................................... 9
1.3.5. Mt s hp cht khc .................................................................. 14
1.4. Nghin cu ho thc vt loi Canscora lucidissima .......................... 15
1.5. Tnh hnh nghin cu ng dng cc thc vt chi Canscora ............... 16
1.6. Nhng nghin cu v ng dng cy xuyn tm tho trong nc........ 18
CHNG 2: PHN THC NGHIM ..................................................... 19
2.1. i tng nghin cu ........................................................................ 19
2.1.1.Thu mu cy, xc nh tn khoa hc v phng php x l mu. 19
2.1.2. Phng php phn lp cc hp cht t cc dch chit cy xuyn tm
tho ....................................................................................................... 20
2.1.3. Phng php kho st v xc nh cu trc ho hc cc hp cht 20
2.2. Dng c, ho cht v thit b nghin cu ........................................... 21
2.2.1. Dng c, ho cht ....................................................................... 21
2.2.2. Thit b nghin cu ..................................................................... 22
2.3.1. Thu nhn cc dch chit .............................................................. 22
2.3.2. Kho st nh tnh cc dch chit ................................................ 24
2.3.3. Th hot tnh sinh hc ................................................................ 27

2.4. Phn lp v tinh ch cc cht ............................................................. 29
2.4.1. Cn dch chit n-hexan ca cy xuyn tm tho (C. H) ............... 30
2.4.2. Cn chit etylaxetat (CE) ............................................................ 32
CHNG 3: THO LUN KT QU NGHIN CU ......................... 34
3.1. Nguyn tc chung .............................................................................. 34
3.2. Phn tch nh tnh v pht hin cc nhm cht trong cc dch chit
khc nhau ................................................................................................. 34
3.3. Phn lp v nhn dng cc cht c trong cc dch chit khc nhau ca
cy xuyn tm tho ................................................................................... 35
3.3.1. Ancol no mch di nonacosan-1-ol (CH.1) ................................. 35
3.3.2. -Sitosterol hay stigmast-5-en-3-ol (C29H50O) (CH.2) ................ 36
3.3.3. 1-Hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon (CH.3) .............................. 38
3.3.4. 1-Hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (CH.4) .................................. 47
3.3.5. 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon (E1) ...................................... 52
3.3.6. 1,7-ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon (E2) ................................ 59
3.4. Th hot tnh sinh hc ....................................................................... 65
KT LUN ................................................................................................. 66
PH LC.................................................................................................... 72
DANH MC CC T VIT TT DNG TRONG LUN VN

* K hiu ho hc:
Me: Metyl
* Cc phng php sc k
CC
: Column Chromatography (Sc k ct)
TLC
: Thin-layer Chromatography (Sc k lp mng)
SKLM
: Sc k lp mng
* Cc phng php ph
MS
: Mass Spectrometry (Ph khi lng)
FT-IR
: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

(Ph hng ngoi bin i Fourie)
NMR
: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

(Ph cng hng t ht nhn)
H-NMR
: Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

(Ph cng hng t ht nhn proton)
13
C-NMR : Ph cng hng t ht nhn cacbon-13
DEPT
: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarisation Transfer
HSQC
: Heteronuclear Single - Quantum Coherence
HMBC
: Heteronuclear multiple - Bond Correlation
DANH MC BNG
Trang
Bng 2.1. Khi lng cc cn chit thu c t cc phn on cy xuyn tm
tho ...................................................................................................... 24
Bng 2.2 . Kt qu nh tnh cc nhm cht trong cy xuyn tm tho ......... 26
Bng 2.3. Kt qu th hot tnh sinh hc ca dch chit th t cy xuyn tm
tho ...................................................................................................... 29
Bng 3.1. S liu ph 13C-NMR ca cht CH.2 phn lp t cy xuyn tm
tho v ph -sitosterol [17] ................................................................ 37
Bng 3.2. S liu ph NMR v cc tng tc xa trong CH.3 ........................ 40
Bng 3.3. S liu ph NMR v cc tng tc xa ca 1-hiroxy-3,5imethoxyxanthon (CH.4) .................................................................... 48
Bng 3.4. S liu ph NMR, DEPT v tng tc xa ca 1,7-ihyroxy-3methoxy xanthon (E1) ......................................................................... 53
Bng 3.5. S liu ph NMR, DEPT v cc tng tc xa ca 1,7-ihyroxy3,6-imethoxy xanthon ........................................................................ 60
DANH MC HNH NH
Trang
Hnh 1.1. Hnh nh cy xuyn tm tho (Canscora lucidissima) ..................... 5
Hnh 2.1: ng knh vng c ch xung quanh ging thch (mm) theo
phng php khuych tn trn ging thch ................................................... 28
Hnh 3.1. Ph 1 H-NMR ca 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon ................ 42
Hnh 3.2. Ph 1 3C-NMR ca 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon ............... 43
Hnh 3.3. Ph DEPT ca 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthon ...................... 44
Hnh 3.4. Ph HSQC ca 1-hidroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthon ..................... 45
Hnh 3.5. Ph HMBC ca 1-hidroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthon ................... 46
Hnh 3.6. Ph 1 H-NMR ca 1-hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon ................... 49
Hnh 3.7. Ph 1 3C-NMR ca 1-hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon .................. 50
Hnh 3.8. Ph DEPT ca 1-hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon ........................ 51
Hnh 3.9. Ph IR ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon ........................... 54
Hnh 3.10. Ph 1 H-NMR ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxyxanthon ................ 55
Hnh 3.11. Ph 13 C-NMR ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon .............. 56
Hnh 3.12. Ph DEPT ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon .................... 57
Hnh 3.13. Ph HMBC ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon .................. 58
Hnh 3.14. Ph 1H-NMR ca 1,7-ihyroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon......... 61
Hnh 3.15. Ph 13C-NMR ca 1,7- ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon ........ 62
Hnh 3.16. Ph DEPT ca 1,7-ihyroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon ................ 63
Hnh 3.17. Ph HMBC ca 1,7-ihyroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon .............. 64
M U
Vit Nam nm trong vng kh hu nhit i, gi ma, ma thun, gi
ho nn h thc vt rt phong ph v a dng vi nhiu loi thc vt l

nhng loi dc liu qu. T thi xa xa, trc khi s ra i ca thuc ty
cha ng ta bit s dng nhiu loi cy c trong t nhin lm thuc cha

bnh, rt nhiu loi bnh tt c cha khi nh cc loi cy c. N hng
thc vt ny ng vai tr ht sc quan trng trong i sng hng ngy ca
con ngi.
T nhiu th k nay nhng hp cht thin nhin c phn lp t cy
c c ng dng rng ri trong rt nhiu ngnh nh ngnh cng nghip,

nng nghip, chng c dng sn xut thuc cha bnh, thuc bo v
thc vt, lm nguyn liu cho ngnh cng nghip thc phm v m phm ...
Ngy nay cng ngh tng hp ho dc pht trin mnh m, to
ra cc bit dc khc nhau s dng trong cng tc phng, cha bnh. iu
gp phn lm tng tui th con ngi, nhng khng v th m vic
s dng cc loi cy c trong cha bnh gim i, m nhu cu s dng
chng theo cch c truyn hay t cc hp cht ngun gc t nhin c xu
hng ngy cng tng chim mt v tr quan trng trong nn y hc. T rong
chng c cha nhng bit dc rt kh tng hp, c khoa hc hin

i soi sng. Mt khc vic dng thuc nam trong cha bnh hu nh
khng gy ra tc dng ph.
Vic s dng cc tho dc d ch l mt loi dc liu nhng li l
hn hp ca nhiu hp cht khc nhau v trong mi trng hp hu ht u
cha xc nh r hot cht ca tng cht. V vy, nhng bi thuc s dng
tho dc l i tng cho cc nh khoa hc nghin cu mt cch y
v bn cht cc hot cht c trong cy c thin nhin. T nh hng cho
2
vic nghin cu, chit xut tm ra cc loi thuc mi hay bng con ng
tng hp to ra nhng cht c hot cht trong vic cha tr nhiu loi bnh.
Chnh v vy vic nghin cu thnh phn ha hc t nhng cy c thin nhin
c mt ngha khoa hc v thc tin cao.
Nghin cu cy thuc gip cho chng ta hiu r v thnh phn, cu trc
ha hc, hot tnh sinh hc v tc dng dc l ca cy thuc. Trn c s cc
nghin cu c th to ra cht mi c hot tnh sinh hc cao c vai tr v l
mt tim nng to ln trong s nghip bo v sc kho v phng chng cc
loi bnh tt phc v cho nhn dn.
Cy xuyn tm tho c tn khoa hc l Canscora lucidissima thuc h
Long m (Gentianaceae) l loi thc vt mc hoang Vit Nam, t lu cy
c s dng trong y hc dn gian cha tr mt s bnh nh ho do ph
nhit, vim gan, au ngc, au d dy, thanh nhit, n ng mu, cha bnh
tim. y l bi thuc c v kh c o. Mc d vy nc ta mi ch c
mt s ti liu gii thiu tc dng ca cy xuyn tm tho, cn nhng hiu
bit v thnh phn ho hc v nhng hot tnh sinh hc ca chng hu nh
cha c cng trnh no nghin cu v thc vt ny cng cha c tn trong cc
sch cy thuc Vit Nam.
V vy, chng ti chn cy xuyn tm tho lm i tng nghin cu, vi
mc ch nhm gp phn lm r thm nhng hiu bit v thnh phn ho hc
cng nh hot tnh sinh hc ca cy. T to thun li cho vic s dng cy lm
dc liu trong cha bnh v lm tng thm kho tng tri thc v cy thuc c
truyn Vit Nam vi ti Nghin cu thnh phn ho hc cy xuyn tm
tho (Canscora lucidissima) h Long m (Gentianaceae) Cao Bng.
CHNG I: TNG QUAN

CC THC VT CHI CANSCORA V THNH PHN
HO HC CA N
1.1. Khi qut v cc thc vt chi Canscora
Cc thc vt chi Canscora, thuc h Long m (Gentianaceae) l loi
cy thn tho, thng l loi cy thn r, c cc nt sn r. Cy mc vo
thng 2 -3, cc l n mc i, ra hoa vo thng 9 - 10 v thu hoch vo thng
10-12 hng nm. Thc vt chi Canscora gp cc vng c kh hu nhit i
ca Chu Phi, Chu , c bit l Nepal, n , Srilanka, Malaixia,
xtrylia,Vit Nam, Trung Quc, Lo, Thi Lan, Inonexia v Philippines.
Chi Canscora gm khong 30 loi [39].
Theo ti liu ca trung tm d liu thc vt Vit Nam, nc ta chi
Canscora c 8 loi: C. andrograpioide, C. carinata, C. gracili, C. lucidissia,
C.macrocalyx, C.petelotii, C.decussata v C.diffua. Trong 3 loi thng ni n
C. decussata, C. diffua v C.lucidissima [36].
Loi Canscora decussata Schult tn ting vit gi l c can cho hay c
bm bm, loi ny mc ph bin nhiu nc c vng kh hu nhit i
ca Chu nh Trung Quc, n , Vit Nam ... nc ta gp nhiu
vng ni Tam o, Khnh Ho. Cy mc hoang dc ng i vng ni [37].
Loi Canscora diffusa Vahl gi l c can trn hay c bm bm trn,
loi ny gp cc vng nhit i ca Chu Phi, Chu , c bit l Nepal,
n , Trung Quc, Lo, Thi Lan, Inonexia, Philippines v nhit i
Australia. nc ta c mc nhiu cc tnh Nam B. Cy mc rung vo
thng 2-3 ra hoa qu thng 12 [38].
Loi Canscora lucidissima Hand-Mazz tn ting vit l xuyn tm
tho, loi thc vt ny gp ph bin Trung Quc (Qung Ty, Qu Chu),
4
n , Vit Nam. nc ta chng ph bin cc tnh nim ni vng ng
Bc nh Cao Bng, Bc Cn, Lng Sn v mt s ni khc c ni vi .
Nm 2003 Nguyn Tin Hip v cc cng s pht hin thy loi Canscora
lucidissima c cc o thuc Vnh H Long tnh Qung Ninh [34], [40].
1.2. c im sinh trng v pht trin ca cy xuyn tm tho (Canscora
lucidissima Hand- Mazz)
Cy xuyn tm tho l cy thn tho mc hng nm, cao 30cm, thn r,
r c nhng nt sn, phn nhnh lng phn, nhnh mnh.
L mc i, cc l trn dnh nhau tng cp mt thnh bn trn, c
ng knh 1-2cm, mt di mu lc trng cung xuyn qua tm l ging nh
cc l hoa.
Hoa ngn cc nhnh, c l bc; hoa nh, mu vng trng, c cung
hoa; i hnh ng, 3 - 5 thy hnh tam gic, trng hnh ng vi 5 cnh; bu
trn, hnh trn.
Qu nang hnh cu, ht nhiu, thuc loi thc vt ht kn.
Cy mc trn t giu mn hc vi, vch m nhiu mn, di
tn cy rm, mc vo thng 2 - 3, ra hoa thng 9-10 v thu hoch tt nht vo
thng 10 -11 thi k ny trn cy c c hoa gi ln qu non [33], [39].
Hnh 1.1. Hnh nh cy xuyn tm tho (Canscora lucidissima)

1.3. Nhng nghin cu ho thc vt chi canscora
Cho n nay c 4 loi thc vt chi Canscora (C.lucidisima, C.
decussata, C. diffusa v C. cachanlahuen) c nghin cu ho thc vt, s
dng cc phng php sc k ngi ta phn lp c cc cht kt tinh tinh
khit. Cc cht tinh khit phn lp ra c xc nh nhng hng s vt l c
trng: Mu sc, mi v, h s Rf, im nng chy v cc phng php quang
ph hin i. Ngi ta phn lp v nhn dng c 49 cht thuc cc nhm
cht khc nhau in hnh l: Cc flavonoit, steroit, tritecpenoit, xanthon, cumarin v
hp cht poliphenol.
6
1.3.1. Cc hp cht c khung flavonoit
T thc vt Canscora diffusa ngi ta phn lp c 2 hp cht flavan
v ngi ta xc nh thc cu to ca chng l 5,7-ihyroxy-3',4'-imethoxy
flavan tn thng thng l iffutidin (1) v 7-hiroxy-3',4'- imethoxy flavan-5O--D-glucopyranozit v gi l iffutin (2) [6].
OH
HO
OMe
OMe
(1)
5,7-ihyroxy-3',4'imethoxy flavan
OH
HO
OH
HO
O
HO
O
Me
O
O
Me
(2)
7-Hiroxy-3',4'- imethoxy flavan-5-O--D-glucopyranozit
1.3.2. Cc hp cht khung steroit
T dch chit n-hexan ca thn, l v hoa ca thc vt Canscora
decussata n . Shibnath Ghosal cng cc cng s bng phng php
sc k hp th phn lp c 3 hp cht c khung steroit v xc nh cu
trc ca chng l campesterol hay 24(R,S)-methylcholesterol (C28H48O) (3),
7
-sitosterol hay stigmast-5-en-3-ol (C 29H50 O) (4) v stigmasterol hay
stigmasta-5,22-ien-3-ol (C29 H48 O) (5) [9].
28
Me
21
22
Me
20
18
27
24
Me
25
23
12 Me 17
Me 26
19 Me
14
10
15
3
5
HO
(3)
Campesterol
Me
26
Me 27
25
21
22
Me
18
Me
12
20
17
24
23
Me 29
28
19 Me
14
10
15
3
5
HO
(4)
-Sitosterol
Me
26
Me 27
25
21
22
Me
12
18
Me
20
17
24
23
28
Me 29
19 Me
14
10
15
3
HO
(5)
Stigmasterol
8
I.3.3. Cc hp cht c khung triterpenoit
Nm 1972 t dch chit n-hexan ca thn, l v hoa ca thc vt Canscora
decussata n . Shibnath Ghosal, Ratan K Chaudhuri v Amar Nath
phn lp v nhn dng c 5 triterpenoit. Cc hp cht tritecpenoit ny
thuc hai kiu khung olean, lannostan v cc tc gi xc nh cng thc cu
to ca chng l fridelan-3-on tn thng gi friedelin C30H50O (6); olean-12en-3--ol hay -a myrin (C30H50O) (7); friedelan-3--ol (C30H52O) (8);
tirucalla-8,22-ien-3-on (C30H48O) (9) v lanosta-8,24-ien-3,22-ion hay
canscoraion (C 30H46O2 ) (10) [6], [9], [10].
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
HO
Me
Me
Me
Me
(6)
(7)
Olean-12-en-3-ol
Fridelan-3-on
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
HO
Me
Me
(8)
Friedelan-3-ol
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
Me
O
Me
O
Me
Me
Me
Me
O
Me
Me
(9)
(10)
Tirucalla-8,22-ien-3-on
Lanosta-8,24-ien-3,22-ion
1.3.4. Cc hp cht khung xanthon

Trong s cc cht phn lp c t 4 loi thuc chi Canscora th
cu trc cc hp cht xanthon c tm thy nhiu nht . Ch yu l cu trc
xanthon cha cc nhm th OH, OCH3, gc glycozit cc v tr khc nhau
ca khung xanthon.
T r loi thc vt Canscora decussata Schult nm 1970, R K.
Chaudhljri v S Ghosal trng i hc dc Banaras Hindu, Varanasi-5
n phn lp v nhn dng c 12 hp cht xanthon. Da vo kt qu
phn tch cc ph UV, NMR, MS cc tc gi xc nh cng thc cu to
ca chng l: 1-hyroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (11); 1,5-ihyroxy-3methoxy xanthon (12); 1,3,5,6-tetrahyroxy xanthon (13); 1,3,5-trihyroxy-6methoxy xanthon (14); 1,3,8-trihyroxy-7-methoxy xanthon (15); 1,8-ihyroxy3,7-imethoxy xanthon (16); 1-hyroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon (17);
1,3,7,8-tetrahyroxy xanthon (18); 1-hyroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxy xanthon (19);
1,8-ihyroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy xanthon (20); 1,3,8-trihyroxy-6,7imethoxy xanthon (21) v 1,3,6,7,8- pentahyroxy xanthon (22) [7].
10
OR3
R2 O
OR3
OR1
R2O
OR1
OR4
R1 = H; R2 = R3 = Me;
(11)
R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = H
R1 = R3 = H; R2 = Me
(12)
R1 = R2 = R3 = H; R4 = Me (14)
R2O
R2O
OR3
OR3
OR1
(13)
OR4
OR4
OR1
OR5
R1 = R2 = R4 = H; R3 = Me
(15)
R1= H; R2 =R3 = R4 = R5 = Me (19)
R1 = R4 = H; R2 = R3 = Me
(16)
R1= R5 = H; R2 = R3 = R4 = Me (20)
R1 = H; R2 = R3 = R4 = Me
(17)
R1 = R2 = R5 = H; R3 = R4 = Me (21)
R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = H
(18)
R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = R5 = H
(22)
T hoa ti loi thc vt Canscora decussata n nm 1978,

Shibnath v cc cng s phn lp c mt xanthon v ngi ta xc nh cu
trc ca chng l 3,6-ihyroxy-1,5,7-trimethoxy xanthon (23) [5], [6], [11].
OMe
HO
OH
OMe
OMe
(23)
3,6- ihydroxy-1,5,7-trimethoxy xanthon
11
Theo ti liu [6], [15] ngi ta tch t thc vt Canscora decussata
c 1 hp cht thuc nhm xanthon v cc tc gi ngh cu trc ca n
l 1,2,3,4,6,8-hexamethoxy xanthon (24).
OMe
MeO
OMe
MeO
OMe
OMe
(24)
1,2,3,4,6,8-Hexamethoxy xanthon
Ngoi ra t thc vt Canscora decussata ngi ta cn tch c 7 hp
cht xanthon nhm th cc v tr 1,3,6,7; 1,2,6,8; 1,3,5,6 v 7 hp cht
xanthon nhm th cc v tr 1,3,5,6,7 ca khung xanthon. Cc hp cht ny
c c im chung ging nhau ch khc nhau v v tr cc nhm th v cc
tc gi xc nh cu trc ca cc xanthon l:1,3,6,7-tetrahyroxy
xanthon (25); 1,6,8-trihyroxy-2-methoxy xanthon (26); 1,8-ihyroxy-2,6imethoxy xanthon (27); 1,5,6-trihyroxy-3-methoxy xanthon (28); 1,3,6-trihyroxy-5methoxy xanthon (29); 1,6-trihyroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (30); 1-hyroxy-3,5,6trimethoxy xanthon (31); 1,6,7-trihyroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (32); 1,5,7-trihyroxy3,6-methoxy xanthon (33); 1,5,6-trihyroxy-3,7-imethoxy xanthon (34); 1,3,5-trihyroxy6,7-imethoxy xanthon (35); 1,7-ihyroxy-3,5,6-trimethoxy xanthon (36); 1,5-ihyroxy3,6,7-trimethoxy xanthon (37) v 1-hyroxy-3,5,6,7-tetramethoxy xanthon (38)
[6], [8], [11], [18], [19], [25].
HO
OH
OH
OH
(25)
1,3,6,7-Tetrahiroxy xanthon
12
OR3
R2O
OR1
OR4
R1 = R3 = R4 = H; R2 = Me
(26)
R1 = R4 = H; R2 = R3 = Me
(27)
OR3
O
R2O
OR1
OR4
R1 = R3 = R4 = H; R2 = Me
(28)
R1 = R2 = R4 = H; R3 = Me
(29)
R1 = R4 = H; R2 =R3 = Me
(30)
R1 = H; R2 = R3 = R4 = Me
(31)
OR3
R2O
OR4
OR5
OR1
R1 = R4 = R5 = H; R2 = R3 = Me (32)
R1 = R5 = H; R2 = R3 == R4 = Me (36)
R1 = R3 = R5 = H; R2 = R4 = Me (33)
R1 = R3 = H; R2 = R4 = R5 = Me
(37)
R1 = R3 = R4 = H; R2 = R5 = Me (34)
R1 = H; R2 = R3 = R4 = R5 = Me
(38)
R1 = R2 = R3 = H; R4 = R5 = Me (35)
Nm1984, Kanamori v cc cng s tch t thc vt Canscora
cachanlahuen c 1 xanthon c cu trc l 8-hiroxy-1,2,6-trimethoxy
xanthon tn thng gi decussatin (39) [6], [24].
13
OMe
MeO
OMe
OH
(39)
8-Hiroxy-1,2,6-trimethoxy xanthon
T loi canscora decussata ngi ta tch c 6 hp cht l dn xut
xanthon c cha gc ng dng xanthon-glycozit. Cc cht sau khi c
phn lp, ngi ta lm r cu trc ca n v xc nh cng thc cu to chng
l 1,3,6,7-tetrahyroxy xanthon -2--D-glucopyranozit (hay mangiferin) (40);
1,3,5,6-tetrahyroxyxanthon-2--D-glucopyranozit(41); 1,6-ihyroxy-3,7-imethoxy
xanthon-5-O--D-glucopyranozit (42); 1,6-ihydroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon
-7-O- - D-glucopyranozit (43); 3-hyroxy-5-methoxy xanthon -1-Oglucopyranozit (44) v 5-hiroxy-1-methoxy xanthon -3-O-rutinozit (45) [6], [7],
[8], [11], [12].
O
HO
OH
OH
O
HO
OH
HO
O
OH
OH
HO
O
HO
OH
HO
HO
OH
(40)
1,3,6,7-Tetrahyroxyxanthon -2--Dglucopyranozit ( hay mangiferin)
HO
OH
(41)
1,3,5,6-Tetrahyroxyxanthon -2-D- glucopyranozit
14
OH
OH
HO
Me
Me
HO
Me
OH
HO
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
Me
(42)
(43
1,6-ihyroxy-3,7-imethoxyxanthon -
1,6-ihydroxy-3,5-imethoxy
xanthon -7-O- - D-glucopyranozit
5-O--D-glucopyranozit
OH
Me
O
OH
HO
HO
O
OH
OH
Me
HO
HO
O
O
HO
OH
HO
HO
(44)
3-Hyroxy-5-methoxy xanthon -1-Oglucopyranozit
OMe
(45)
5-Hiroxy-1-methoxy xanthon -3-Orutinozit
1.3.5. Mt s hp cht khc

Theo ti liu [7] t thc vt Canscora decussata, ngi ta tch c mt
hp cht poliphenol chng c cu trc l 3-hiroxybenzyl-2,4,6-trihyroxy
benzylxeton (46).
15
OH
HO
OH
OH
(46)
3-Hiroxybenzyl-2,4,6-trihyroxybenzyl xeton
Nm 1976, Ghosal S v cc cng s t thc vt Canscora decussata
tch v nhn dng c mt hp cht lacton c cu trc l loliolide (47) [13].
Me
Me
O
O
Me
HO
(47)
Loliolide
T dch chit metanol ca canscora decussata, Neeraj K cng cc cng
s phn lp c mt hp cht cumarin v xc nh chng c cu trc l 7hiroxy-6-methoxy cumarin tn thng gi scopoletin (48) [28].
HO
Me
O
(48)
7-Hiroxy-6-methoxy cumarin
1.4. Nghin cu ho thc vt loi Canscora lucidissima
T loi thc Canscora lucidissima, da vo cc phng php sc k phn
lp v nhn dng c 5 hp cht xanthon, ngi ta xc nh chng c cu trc l
1-hyroxy-3,5-imethoxyxanthon (11); 1-hyroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon(17);
16
1,6-ihyroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (30); 1-hyroxy-3,5,6-trihyroxy xanthon
(31) v 1,8-ihyroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (49) [23], [24].
OMe
MeO
OH
OH
(49)
1,8-ihiroxy-3,5- imethoxy xanthon
1.5. Tnh hnh nghin cu ng dng cc thc vt chi Canscora
mc 1.3 v 1.4 cp n nhng nghin cu ho thc vt ca chi
Canscora ch ra tnh a dng v thnh phn ho hc ca chng bao gm:
Cc flavan, tritecpenoit, sterol, poliphenol, cumarin, lacton v xanthon vi
cu trc rt phong ph v a dng.
Cc thc vt chi Canscora ch yu cha nhm cht xanthon v cc
hp cht ny l mt loi dc liu qu c hot tnh chng oxy ha cao, nhiu
loi xanthon v nhng dn xut ca chng c chng minh c c tnh
khng nm v khng vi khun, c tc dng lm gim cholesterol, bo v t
bo gan, c ch nhng t bo ung bu. V vy c xem l mt loi cht c
tc dng khng ung th; C tc dng lm gm au nn c dng iu tr
iu tr nhng chng au vim, lm h nhit c th khi b st; C tc ng
khng d ng, r rt nht l nhng d ng xy ra trong rut; Cc hp cht
xanthon c xem l ng vin tim nng trong vic cha tr nhng chng
bnh Parkinson v Alzheimer [42].
C nhiu loi thc vt thuc chi Canscora thng c v ng c s
dng lm thuc trong y hc dn gian, trong c 3 loi c dng ph bin
nht l C. decussata, C. diffusa v C. lucidissima.
17
Loi Canscora diffusa ton cy c dng lm thuc nhun trng, bi
b thn kinh [36]. Cc cht chit xut t loi Canscora diffusa c dng
cha cc bnh: au u, chng mt, mt ng, suy nhc thn kinh, ngi lm
vic tr c cng thng suy gim gim tr nh v minh mn. Hp cht
iffutin (2) tch t thc vt canscora diffusa c tc dng chng li stress, mt
ng, gim tr nh v minh mn [32].
R ca loi Canscora decussata Schult c nhng tnh cht ng v b.
Cy c tc dng nhun trng, b thn kinh, trn kinh, an thn [35]. n
dch cy ti dng tr bnh tm thn, ng kinh, suy nhc thn kinh [30],
[35]. Hp cht mangiferin (40) tch c t thc vt Canscora decussata
c s dng trong m phm c tc dng bo v da chng li cc tia cc tm
bc x [41], mangiferin nhm dc l cha bnh da liu [33], mangiferin
c s dng trong y hc nhiu nc trn th gii nh chng oxy ho,
khng vim, khng virus, tng cng min dch, gim au. Thc t cho thy,
mangiferin c tc ng khng virus Herpes, chng lo ho t bo thn kinh, t
bo gan, suy gim tr nh, c ch chuyn glucogen thnh glucoz, gim nguy
c tiu ng [32].
Cc xanthon nhm th cc v tr 1,3,5,6,7 v 1,3,6,7,8 ca khung
xanthon phn lp t Canscora decussata c kh nng chng vi khun lao c
bit cc xanthon c nhm OH cc v tr 1,3 v 6 hoc 8 c kh nng chng
vi khun lao tt hn so vi xanthon nhm th cc v tr khc [26].
Loi Canscora lucidissima Hand-Mazz cy c v ng, tnh mt c tc
dng thanh nhit, gii c, hot huyt ch thng. Trung Quc ngi ta s
dng lm thuc cha ho do ph nhit, vim gan, au ngc, au d dy, rn
cn, n ng mu [40], [43].
Y c truyn Trung Quc tin hnh th nghim v rt ra kt lun
hp cht 1,6-ihydroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (30) tch c t thc vt
18
Canscora lucidissima c tc dng khng vim rt tt [29].
Trung Quc, tc gi He Q cng cc cng s nghin cu ba hp cht
xanthon (1-hyroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (11); 1-hyroxy-3,7,8- trimethoxy
xanthon (17) v 1,8 - ihyroxy - 3,5- imethoxy xanthon (49) tch t loi thc
vt Canscora lucidissima c tc dng lm gim ng k t l mc ri lon
nhp tm tht v thi gian pht bnh, bo v bnh thiu mu c tim cc b gy
ra bi ri lon nhp tim, lm gim tn thng c tim (th nghim nghin cu
c th nghim trn c th chut cng) [23], [24].
1.6. Nhng nghin cu v ng dng cy xuyn tm tho trong nc
Vit Nam hu nh cha c cng trnh nghin cu no v thnh phn
ho hc cy xuyn tm tho, ngoi tr mt s ti liu gii thiu v tc dng
dc l ca cy nh: Cy c tc dng khng vim rt tt c dng iu
tr vim gan, vng da, au d dy, n ng mu, gim au, rn cn, cha
bnh tim [40], [43].
nc ta theo kinh nghim dn gian, t lu cy c s dng lm
thuc cha bnh v mt s bi thuc c th t cy xuyn tm tho l:
1. Cha inh nht, rn cn: Cy ti mt nm, ra sch, gi nt p
vo ni sng au, vt cn v thay mi 2 ln/ngy.
2. au do va p (n ng mu): Cy ti mt nm, gi nt, sao nng
p vo ch au v vt ly nc ct ho vi nc si ngui ung 1cc/ ln,
3 ln/ ngy hoc ngm ri ung 1 ly nh/ 1ln, 3 ln/ ngy, ung sau ba n.
3. au bng kinh, ri lon kinh nguyt, mu cam: Cy kh 10-15 gam/
ngy sc nc ung, nu cy ti dng lng gp i.
4. Cha bnh tim: Cy kh 10-15 gam / ngy un nc ung hng ngy
mi t iu tr ung t 1-2 thng.
Ngoi ra nhn dn cn dng cy sc nc ung hng ngy c tc
dng thanh nhit, gii c v khi c th mt mi, n ung km. Liu dng 1015 gam cy kh/ ngy.
19
CHNG 2
PHN THC NGHIM
Cy xuyn tm tho l cy thuc c s dng trong y hc dn gian
Vit Nam cha tr mt s bnh nh ho do ph nhit, thanh nhit, gii c,
inh nht, rn cn, au ngc, n ng mu, cha bnh tim [38].
nc ta ch c mt s ti liu gii thiu v tc dng dc l ca cy,
cn nhng hiu bit v thnh phn ho hc ca cy ny hu nh cha c
nghin cu, thm ch cy xuyn tm tho cn cha c tn trong cc sch cy
thuc Vit Nam. V vy chng ti chn cy xuyn tm tho lm i tng
nghin cu.
Nhim v ca lun vn l phn lp v xc nh cu trc ho hc ca
mt s cht trong cy xuyn tm tho thu hoch Cao Bng bng cc phng
php vt l, ho hc hin i.
2.1. i tng nghin cu
2.1.1.Thu mu cy, xc nh tn khoa hc v phng php x l mu.
Nguyn liu nghin cu l ton b cy phn trn mt t ca thc
vt xuyn tm tho. Mu cy ti c thu hi vo thng 10/2009 ti huyn
Qung Uyn tnh Cao Bng.
Mu cy em nghin cu ho thc vt c TS. L Ngc Cng
(khoa Sinh trng i hc s phm Thi Nguyn) gim nh c tn khoa hc
l Canscora lucidissima Hand Mazz. Ngoi ra cn c tn gi theo a
phng l xuyn rim, xuyn tim.
B phn mu c hong kh ni thong mt, sau sy nhit
500C- 600C ti khi kh hon ton. Mu kh em nghin nh, cho vo bnh
ngm chit vi metanol nhit phng, dch chit c thu gom li v ct
c bng my ct quay vi p sut gim.
20
Sau khi ct loi dung mi di p sut gim, xc nh khi lng cn
chit thu c. Sau thm nc vo cn ri ln lt chit bng cc dung
mi c phn cc tng dn theo th t: n-hexan, etyl axetat, n-butanol. Phn
cn li l cn tip tc c c cn ri ha tan vo metanol. Cc dch chit
c lm khan bng Na2SO4 ri ct kit dung mi bng thit b ct quay
nhit 600C di p sut thp, thu c cc cn th.
Cc cn th c phn chia bng sc k ct vi cc h dung mi ra
gii c phn cc tng dn phn ly cc cht c phn cc gn nh
nhau, sau dng cch kt tinh phn on v kt tinh li trong h dung mi
thch hp hoc tch trn sc k ct lp li nhiu ln v.v... c cht tinh khit.
Qu trnh nghin cu s nu chi tit phn thc nghim.
2.1.2. Phng php phn lp cc hp cht t cc dch chit cy xuyn tm tho
phn lp c nhng hp cht sch t cc dch th khc nhau ca
cy xuyn tm tho chng ti phi hp s dng cc phng php sc k v kt
tinh li trong dung mi thch hp, cc phng php gm:
- Sc k lp mng (SKLM).
- Sc k ct thng.
- Kt tinh phn on v kt tinh li.
2.1.3. Phng php kho st v xc nh cu trc ho hc cc hp cht
Cc cht phn lp c dng tinh khit l i tng kho st
cc tnh cht vt l c trng nh: Mu sc, dng th hnh, R f, im nng
chy v.v... khi cc cht sch s tin hnh ghi cc ph ph hng ngoi
(FT-IR), ph khi lng (ESI-MS), ph cng hng t ht nhn proton
(1H-NMR), ph cng hng t ht nhn cacbon-13 (13C-NMR), cc k
thut ph mt chiu (1D-NMR) v ph hai chiu (2D-NMR) tu theo cht
c th. Cc s liu ph thc nghim ca cc cht sch c dng nhn
dng cu trc ho hc ca chng.
21
2.2. Dng c, ho cht v thit b nghin cu
2.2.1. Dng c, ho cht
Cc dung mi ngm chit mu u dng loi tinh khit (pure), khi
dng cho cc loi sc k ct, sc k bn mng hay dng trong phn tch u
phi s dng loi tinh khit phn tch (PA).
Sc k ct c tin hnh trn ct vi cht hp ph silicagel Merck 60
pha thng c c ht 70 - 230 mesh (0,040 0,063 mm)
Sc k lp mng dng tm mng nhm DC - Alufolien Kiesegel 60
F254 Art.5554 trng sn, dy 0,2mm c s dng xc nh s b s
thnh phn c trong cc dch chit, cc phn on chy ct v kim tra s b
sch ca sn phm thu c.
Cc h dung mi trin khai SKLM:
STT H dung mi
T l th tch
K hiu
n-Hexan - EtOAc
(9:1)
h A
n-Hexan - EtOAc
(4 : 1)
h B
n-Hexan - EtOAc
(1 : 1)
h C
Clorofom - MeOH
(9 : 1)
h D
Clorofom - MeOH
(5 :1)
h E
Cc sc k lp mng (SKLM) c soi di n t ngoi bc sng

= 254 nm 365 nm, phun thuc th vanilin 1% - H2SO4 5% trong dung
dch etanol, sy trn 100oC hoc th bng hi io, amoniac, sau quan st
mu pht hin cc hp cht.
Cc gi tr Rf trong h dung mi trin khai theo biu thc:
Chiu di di chuyn cht th
Rf =
Chiu di di chuyn ca dung mi
22
2.2.2. Thit b nghin cu
- Nhit nng chy o trn knh hin vi Boetus hoc trn my
Electrothermal IA-9200 (Vin Ho hc - Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit nam).
- Ph hng ngoi ghi trn my IMPACT - 410 (khoa Ho trng i
hc s phm Thi Nguyn) di dng vin nn KBr.
- Ph 1H-NMR v 13C-NMR ghi trn my Bruker 500MHz AVANCE,
chun ni TMS, dung mi CDCl3, DMSO.
- Ph ESI-MS (Ph khi vi u d MSD (LC-MSD-Trap-SL) s dng
mode ESI v u d DAD (Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit nam)
2.3. Thu nhn cc dch chit t cy xuyn tm tho
2.3.1. Thu nhn cc dch chit
Mu cy ti mi thu hi c sy kh em nghin nh ri ngm kit
vi metanol nhit phng cho n khi nht mu. Dch chit c ct loi
dung mi bng thit b ct quay nhit 50-600C di p sut thp. Cn
dch chit metanol sau khi thm nc c chit ln lt vi n-hexan,
etylaxetat, n-butanol, metanol. Cc dch chit phn on, c lm kh bng
Na2SO4 khan, sau ct n ht hon ton dung mi p sut gim, thu c
cc cn chit tng ng.
Vic thu nhn cc dch chit v phn lp cc cht t cy xuyn tm
tho c tin hnh theo s 2.1
23
S 2.1: S ngm chit v phn lp cc cht t cy xuyn tm tho
( Canscora lucidissima Hand - Mazz )
Mu kh nghin nh
1. MeOH
2. Ct loi dung mi
di p sut gim
Cn tng metanol
+ H2O
Lc chit phn on
Etylaxetat
n-hexan
Cn
n- hexan
(C.H)
n-butanol
Cn
Cn
Etylaxetat
n- butanol
(C.E)
(C.B)
Sc k ct
CH.1
CH.2
Sc k ct
CH.3
CH.4
E1
E2
24
Cc phn on dch chit ni trn c lm khan bng Na 2SO4, lc ri
ct kit dung mi bng thit b ct quay nhit 600C di p sut gim,
cn c sy kh v cn n khi lng khng i.
Nh vy t cy xuyn tm tho s c 3 loi cn chit c k hiu l:
C. H
C. E
C. B
C.H: Cn chit n- hexan

C.E: Cn chit etylaxetat
C.B: Cn chit n -butanol ca cy xuyn tm tho.
Kt qu thu nhn cc dch chit t cy xuyn tm tho c nu trong
bng 2.1
Bng 2.1. Khi lng cc cn chit thu c t cc phn on
cy xuyn tm tho
Mu thu vo
Khi lng
Khi lng cn chit thu c (g)
thng 10/2009
mu kh (g)
C. H
C. E
C. B
850
15,0
18,0
10
Ton b phn trn

mt t ca cy
2.3.2. Kho st nh tnh cc dch chit

2.3.2.1. Pht hin cc hp cht steroit
Ly 0,01g cn ca cc phn on, thm 2ml dung dch NaOH 10% un
cch thu n kh. Ho tan cn trong 3ml clorofom - ly dch clorofom
lm phn ng nh tnh cc steroit v thuc th Lieberman - Bourchardt (gm
hn hp 1ml anhyric acetic + 1ml clorofom lnh 0 0C, sau cho thm
1 git H2SO4 (m c). Ly 1ml dch clorofom ri thm 1 git thuc th,
dung dch xut hin mu xanh trong 1 thi gian l phn ng dng tnh.
2.3.2.2. Pht hin cc ancaloit
Ly 0.01g cn cc phn on, thm 5ml HCl, khuy u, lc qua giy
lc, ly vo 3 ng nghim, mi ng 1ml nc lc axit.
25
ng (1): 1 - 2 git dung dch thuc th Wagner, nu c nhiu kt ta l
phn ng dng tnh.
ng (2): 1 - 2 git thuc th Dragendorf, nu xut hin mu da cam l
phn ng dng tnh.
ng (3): 3 - 5 git thuc th Mayer, nu xut hin ta trng l phn ng
dng tnh.
2.3.2.3. Pht hin cc flavonoit
Ly 0,01g cn ca cc phn on, thm 10ml metanol, un nng cho
tan v lc qua giy lc. Ly 2ml nc lc vo ng nghim, thm mt t bt
magi (Mg) hoc Zn, sau cho vo 5 git HCl m c, un trong bnh cch
thu vi pht. Dung dch xut hin mu , hoc mu hng l phn ng
dng tnh vi cc flavonoit.
2.3.2.4. Pht hin cc cumarin
Dch th nh tnh c chun b nh mc 2.3.2.1. Ly vo 2 ng
nghim, mi ng 2ml dch th cho vo mt trong 2 ng 0,5ml dung dch
NaOH 10%. un cch thu c hai ng trn n si, ngui ri mi ng cho
thm 4ml nc ct. Nu cht lng ng c kim trong hn ng khng kim
c th xem l phn ng dng tnh, nu em axit ho ng c kim bng mt
vi git HCl m c s lm cho dch ang trong xut hin vn c v c th
to ra ta l phn ng dng tnh.
Ngoi ra c th lm phn ng iazo ho vi axit sulfanilic trong mi
trng axit, nu cho mu da cam n cam nht, s l dng tnh cho cumarin.
2.3.2.5. nh tnh cc glycozit tim
Chun b dch th nh tnh cng lm nh mc 2.3.2.1.
Phn ng Keller - Kilian: Thuc th gm 2 dung dch.
Dung dch 1: 100ml axit axetic long + 1ml FeCl3 5%
Dung dch 2: 100ml axit H2SO4 m c + 1ml FeCl3 5%
26
Cch tin hnh: ly 0,01g cn cc dch chit cho vo ng nghim thm
vo 1ml dung dch 1, lc u cho tan ht, nghing ng nghim v cho t t
1ml dung dch 2 theo thnh ng nghim, quan st s xut hin ca mu
hay nu , gia hai lp cht lng. Nu khng xut hin mu l phn ng m
tnh vi cc glycosit tim.
2.3.2.6. nh tnh cc saponin
Chun b dch th nh mc 2.3.2.1. ly 2 ng nghim mi ng cho
2ml dch th. ng 1 cho 1ml HCl long, ng 2 cho 1 ml NaOH long ri bt
ming ng nghim, lc trong vng 5 pht theo chiu dc, quan st s xut
hin v mc bn vng ca bt. Nu bt cao qu 3 - 4 cm v bn trn 15
pht l phn ng dng tnh.
2.3.2.7. nh tnh cc ng kh .
Ly 0.01g cn cc phn on, ho tan trong cn, dung dch thu c
em trn vi dung dch thuc th Felinh theo t l 1-1, un si 2-3 pht. Nu
c kt ta da cam ca Cu2O th chng t c mt ca ng.
Kt qu phn tch nh tnh cc nhm cht trong cy xuyn tm tho
c nu trong bng 2.2.
Bng 2.2 . Kt qu nh tnh cc nhm cht trong cy xuyn tm tho
STT Nhm cht
Thuc th
Hin tng
Ton
cy
+
Steroit
Lieberman-Bourchard
Mu xanh vng
Ancaloit
Dragendorff
Vng da cam
Flavonoit
Zn(Mg) + HCl
Poliphenol
(FeCl3+K3[Fe(CN)6])1% Xanh thm
Cumarin
Axit v kim
Glycozit tim
FeCl3 trong CH3COOH +

Vng nu r
H2SO4
Saponin
Phn ng to bt
Bt bn trong NaOH
ng kh
Felinh
Cho kt ta mu gch
Dung dch nht mu dn

n mu nht
C kt ta
27
Ch gii : +
-
: Phn ng dng tnh.

: Phn ng m tnh.
2.3.3. Th hot tnh sinh hc

Th hot tnh vi sinh vt kim nh theo phng php khuych tn trn
ging thch, s dng khoang giy lc tm cht th theo nng tiu chun
ca b mn Vi sinh trng i hc Y Thi Nguyn.
Cc chng vi sinh vt th gm i din cc nhm:
Vi khun: Gr (-) Escherichia coli (thc khun ng rut).
Vi khun: Gr (+) Staphylococcus auresu (t cu vng).
Vi khun: Salmonella spp (thng hn).
Vi khun: Shigella spp (l trc khun).

Vi khun: Streptococcus pyogenes (lin cu).
28
Hnh 2.1: ng knh vng c ch xung quanh ging thch (mm)

theo phng php khuych tn trn ging thch
29
Bng 2.3. Kt qu th hot tnh sinh hc ca dch chit th t cy xuyn
tm tho
ng knh vng c ch xung quanh ging thch
Strepto
Escherichia
coli.
Staphylococcus
Salmonella
auresu
Dch
Hot K
chit
(mm) tnh
(mm)
spp
coccus
Shigella spp
Hot
Hot
tnh
(mm) tnh
Hot
(mm) tnh
pyogenes
K
Hot
(mm)
tnh
19
Cn
Tng
18
22
17
20
Ghi ch: K : ng knh

Du (+): l phn ng c hot tnh
Du (-) : l phn ng khng c hot tnh
2.4. Phn lp v tinh ch cc cht
Cc dch chit t cy xuyn tm tho u l nhng hn hp phc tp

cha cc hp cht khc nhau. phn lp tng cht ra khi hn hp s
dng cc phng php sc k ct, cht hp ph dng l silicagel Merck 60
pha thng c c ht 0,040 0,063 mm, cc h dung mi ra gii thch hp
v thng phi lp li nhiu ln. Vic tinh ch cc cht thng dng
phung php kt tinh li trong dung mi hoc h dung mi thch hp. Nh
cch lm thu c cc n cht c tinh khit cao, p ng cc yu
cu kho st tnh cht ho l v xc nh quang ph ca chng.
Phn lp v tinh ch cc cht t cy xuyn tm tho c thc hin
theo s 2.1.
Bng phng php phn lp trn, t dch chit bng n-hexan ca cy
xuyn tm tho chng ti thu c 4 hp cht sch dng xc nh
30
cu trc ho hc bao gm: 1ancol no mch di, 1steroit v 2 xanthon. T

dch chit etylaxetat phn lp c 2 xanthon sch.
2.4.1. Cn dch chit n-hexan ca cy xuyn tm tho (C. H)
Ly 5g cn chit n-hexan em tch trn ct silicagel pha thng c c
ht 0,040 - 0,063 mm, ra gii ct bng h dung mi clorofom: n-hexan theo
t l tng dn phn cc t 0 -100% clorofom. Dch ra gii thot ra t ct
c thu nhng khong cch nh (510 ml/ phn on). Kim tra cn thu
c bng sc k lp mng v hin mu bng n t ngoi bc sng =
254 nm -365 nm, phun thuc th vanilin 1 % - H2SO4 10% trong dung dch
etanol, sy 5 pht trn 100 oC hoc th bng hi iod, hi amoniac, sau quan
st mu. Cc phn on ging nhau c dn li ri em ct loi dung mi
thu c 4 cht sch bao gm 1ancol no mch di (CH.1), 1 steroit (CH.2) v
2 xanthon (CH.3, CH.4).
2.4.1.1. Ancol no mch di nonacosan-1-ol (CH.1)
Ra gii ct bng h dung mi n-hexan : clorofom theo t l (8:2) thu
c tinh th rn, khng mu, c khi lng 7 mg, R f A= 0,8, nhit nng
chy 84850C.
Ph FT-IR (KBr), max (cm-1): 3288,77 (rng); 2914,58; 2849,00 v 1467,97.
Ph 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3 & MeOD), (ppm): 3,57 (2H, t); 1,54
(2H, t); 0,88 (3H, t); 1,26 n 1,3 ( 52H, m).
2.4.1.2. - Sitosterol (CH.2)
Tip tc ra gii ct bng h dung mi n-hexan:clorofom theo t l
(7: 3) thu c tinh th hnh kim, khng mu, c khi lng 10 mg, R f B =
0,55 v nhit nng chy 138 1400C.
Ph 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3); (ppm): 0,68 (3H, s, Me-18); 1,01
(3H, s, 19-Me); 2 cm doublet H ti 0,81 v 0,88 (23H, d, J 7,7Hz, Me-26
31
v Me-27); 0,83 (3H, t, 7.32 Hz, Me-29); 0,92 (3H, d, J 10 Hz, Me-21); 3,6
(1H, m, H-3); 5,4 (1H, d, J= 5Hz, H-6).
Ph
C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3); (ppm): 140,78 (s, C-5); 121,73
13
(d, C-6); 71,84 (d, C-3); 56,8 (d, C-14); 56,10 (d, C-17); 50,17 (d, C-9); 45,87
(d, C-24); 42,35 (s, C-13); 42,32 (t, C-4); 39,81 (t, C-12); 37,28 (t, C-1); 36,52
(s, C-10); 36,16 (d, C-20); 31,68 (d, C-8); 31,93 (t, C-7); 33,91 (t, C-2); 29,2
(d, C-25); 28,26 (t, C-16); 26,14 (t, C-23); 24,31 (t, C-15); 21,11 (t, C-11); 18,8
(q, C-26); 19,41 (q, C-19); 19,05 (q, C-27); 18,80 (q, C-21); 11,88 (q, C-29);
11,99 (q, C-18); 23.1 (t, C-28).
2.4.1.3. 1-Hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon (CH.3)
Tip tc ra gii ct bng h dung mi n-hexan: clorofom theo t l (6:4)
thu c khi rn nhng tinh th mu vng nht. Khi cht rn ny tip tc
c tinh ch li trn ct silicagel c ht nh 0,040 0,063mm, ra gii ct
bng h dung mi n-hexan: clorofom theo t l (6:4) thu c nhng tinh th hnh
kim, mu vng nht, c khi lng 25 mg, RfC = 0,84, nng chy 1481490C.
Ph FT-IR (KBr); max (cm-1): 3084,61 yu; 2951,53; 2841,58; 1661,15;
1601,35; 1489,48.
PH 1H- NMR (500MHz, CDCl3); (ppm): 3.86 (3H, s); 3,91 (3H, s);
3,99 (3H, s); 6,28 (1H, d, J=1,28); 6,30 (1H, d, J=1,69); 7,13 (1H, d, J =9,19);
7,32 (1H, t) v 13,23 (1- OH).
Ph 13C-NMR (125MHz, CDCl3); ( ppm): 163,79 (C-1); 96,84 (C-2, CH);
166,37 (C-3); 91,97(C-4); 148,86 (C-5); 112,7 (C-6); 149,24 (C-7); 148,86 (C-8);
181,12 (C-9); 104,40(C-10); 157,09 (C-11); 150,96 (C-12); 115,70 (C-13); 55,14
(3- OCH3); 57,13 (7-OCH3) v 61,72 (8-OCH3).
32
2.4.1.4. 1-Hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (CH.4)
Tip tc ra gii ct bng h dung mi n-hexan: clorofom theo t l
(5:5) thu c tinh th mu vng. Tinh th ny, tch lp li trn ct silicagel,
h dung mi ra gii n-hexan: clorofom theo t l (1:1), thu c nhng tinh
th hnh kim, mu vng nht, c khi lng 35 mg, R f C = 0,82, nng chy
173 1740C.
Ph FT-IR (KBr); max (cm-1): 3084,61; 2976,60 yu; 1661,15; 1576,28;
1497,20 mnh.
PH 1H- NMR (500MHz, CDCl3); (ppm): 3,83 (3H, d); 3,94 (3H, s);
6,25(1H, d, J =1,25); 6,40 (1H, d, J = 2,13) ; 7,11 (1H, d, J = 7,91); 7,19(1H,
t); 7,67(1H, m) v 12,73 (1H, s).
Ph 13C-NMR (125MHz, CDCl3); ( ppm): 163,07 (C-1); 97,35 (C-2);
166,50 (C-3); 92,48(C-4); 148,06 (C-5); 115,39 (C-6); 116,38 (C-7); 123,33
(C-8); 180,46 (C-9); 103,67 (C-10); 157,33 (C-11); 145,99 (C-12); 121,22
(C-13); 55, 68 (3- OCH3) v 56,18 (5-OCH3).
2.4.2. Cn chit etylaxetat (CE)
Ly 8 g cn th EtOAc tch trn ct silicagel pha thng c c ht
0,040 0,063 mm. Ra gii ct bng h dung mi metanol-clorofom vi t l
tng dn theo phn cc (0-100% metanol), dch ra gii thot ra t ct
c thu nhng khong cch nh (510ml/phn on). Kim tra cn thu
c bng sc k lp mng v hin mu bng n t ngoi bc sng =
254 nm 365 nm, phun thuc th vanilin 1% - H2SO4 10% trong dung dch
etanol, h nng 5 pht trn 100 oC hoc h bng hi iod, hi amoniac, sau
quan st mu. Cc phn on ging nhau c dn li ri em ct loi dung
mi, thu c 2 xanthon k hiu E1 v E2.
2.4.2.1. 1,7-ihyroxy-3-methoxy xanthon (E1)
Ra gii ct bng h dung mi metanol - clorofom theo t l 2:98 thu
c cht rn, mu vng, c khi lng 50mg. Lng cht rn ny tip tc
33
c tinh ch li trn ct silicagel vi h dung mi ra gii l n-hexan :
EtOAc theo t l (1:1) thu c cht rn v nh hnh, mu vng, khi
lng 10 mg, R fC= 0,72 v c nhit nng chy 273 0C 2750C.
Ph FT-IR (KBr); max (cm-1): 3363,95 vn t; 3102,47; 1667,83; 1573,19
v 1502,83.
PH 1H- NMR (500MHz, DMSO); (ppm): 3,89 (3H, s); 6,38 (dd, j=3,3;
2,3); 6,63 (dd, j=3,3; 2,3); 7,26 (t, j=6,40; 7,7); 7,32 (dd, j=1,57; 1,57); 7,56
(dd, j=1,57; 1,66) v 12,85 (1H, s).
Ph 13C-NMR (125MHz, DMSO); ( ppm): 162,49 (C-1); 97,02 ; (C2); 166,45 (C-3); 92,65 (C-4); 124,2 (C-5); 120,7 (C-6); 144,9 (C-7); 114,5
(C8); 180,41 (C-9); 102,96 (C-10); 157,08 (C-11); 146,21(C-12); 120,86 (C13) v 56,10 (3- OCH3 ).
2.4.2.2. 1,7-ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon (E2)
Thay i h dung mi ra gii ct metanol - clorfom theo t l 5:95 thu
c khi cht rn, v nh hnh. Khi cht rn ny li tinh ch trn ct
silicagel, h dung mi ra gii ct l metanol-clorofom theo t l 2-98 thu
c 13 mg cht rn mu, mu vng nu, nng chy 2372400C, c Rf C = 0,66.
Ph FT-IR (KBr); max(cm-1): 3307,33; 3244,36; 1663,18; 1604,40 v
1566,07.
PH 1H- NMR (500MHz, CDCl3); (ppm): 3,87 (3H, s); 3,94 (3H, s);
6,37 (1H, d, J=2,2); 6,55 (1H, d, J=2,2);7,13 (1H, s) v 7,39 (1H, s).
Ph 13C-NMR (125MHz, DMSO); (ppm): 162,34 (C-1); 96,62 (C-2);
165,67 (C-3); 92,34 (C-4); 100,04 (C-5); 155,26 (C-6); 144,4 (C-7); 107,44
(C-8); 179,13 (C-9); 102,53 (C-10); 157,17 (C-11); 150,92 (C-12); 112,57
(C-13); 55,96 (3- OCH3) v 56,32 (6- OCH3)
34
CHNG 3
THO LUN KT QU NGHIN CU
3.1. Nguyn tc chung
phn lp c cc hp cht trong bt k mt loi thc vt no phi

khng lm nh hng ti thnh phn ho hc c trong n. V th trc khi
ngm chit bng dung mi hu c, mu thc vt phi c dit men ngay sau
khi thu mu v sy kh iu kin thch hp.
V nguyn tc vic ngm chit mu thc vt c th tin hnh theo hai
cch ph bin sau.
Cch 1: Chit v phn lp cc hp cht t mu thc vt bng cc loi
dung mi c phn cc tng dn: Ete du ha hoc n-hexan, clorofom,
etylaxetat, metanol hoc etanol vv... Nh vy s thu c cc cn chit cha
cc cht c phn cc tng t nhau.
Cch 2: Chit cn tng bng cc ancol hay h dung mi ancol : nc,

sau sng lc cc hp cht bng cc loi dung mi c phn cc tng
dn nh phng php 1 thu c cc dch chit c cha cc hp cht c
phn cc tng i ging nhau.
Vic chit mu thc vt xuyn tm tho c thc hin theo cch
2 (s 2.1)
3.2. Phn tch nh tnh v pht hin cc nhm cht trong cc dch chit
khc nhau
Dng cc thuc th c hiu pht hin cc nhm hp cht thin

nhin c hot tnh sinh l cao trong thc vt [3]. Kt qu xc nh thnh
phn nh tnh mt s nhm cht c bn trong cy xuyn tm tho nu ra
bng 2.2. T kt qu ch ra bng ny c th nhn thy trong cy xuyn tm
35
tho c cc cht cho phn ng dng tnh vi cc nhm cht steroit, glicozit
tim, ng kh, cumarin, polyphenol v flavonoit.
3.3. Phn lp v nhn dng cc cht c trong cc dch chit khc nhau
ca cy xuyn tm tho
Cc dch chit thu c t cy xuyn tm tho l hn hp phc tp ca
nhiu hp cht hu c. Vic tch ring cc cht ra khi hn hp c thc
hin trn ct silicagel pha thng vi cc h dung mi ra gii thch hp v
thng phi lp li mt vi ln thu c chng dng tinh khit, p ng
yu cu xc nh cu trc ha hc.
Vic phn lp cc cht c trong cc dch chit khc nhau ca cy xuyn
tm tho c thc hin theo s 2.1, da v. Cc cht sch c th dng
xc nh cu trc ho hc bao gm: Ancol no mch di, steroit v cc
xanthon.
3.3.1. Ancol no mch di nonacosan-1-ol (CH.1)
Tin hnh ra gii ct sc k i vi cn th n-hexan thu c 7 mg
cht rn v nh hnh, mu trng, khi lng 7 mg, RfA= 0,8, nng chy
84850C, tan tt trong n-hexan.
Ph IR cho bit cht CH.1 c vn c trng cho nhm OH
3288,77cm-1; vn c trng cho lin kt C-H no 2914,85 v 2849,00 cm-1
mnh. Chng t trong phn t CH.1 c cha nhm OH, CH no.
Trong ph 1H-NMR ca cht ny cho thy tn hiu triplet ng vi 3
proton H 0.88 ppm c trng ca nhm CH3, tn hiu singlet ca nhm OH
nm trong vng 7,42 ppm, ngoi ra cn c tn hiu 3.57ppm dng triplet c
trng cho 2 proton ca nhm CH2 c lin kt vi OH, pht hin 2 proton cho tn
hiu 1,54 ppm l proton ca nhm CH2 v tr bn cnh nhm CH2OH.
Trn ng tch phn ca ph 1H-NMR cho thy tn hiu ca 52 proton ca
cc nhm CH2 cho cc tn hiu vng t 1,2-1,3 ppm. Nh vy ancol mch
36
di c 59 proton lin kt vi cacbon, trn ph khng thy xut hin cc proton
lin kt vi cacbon cha no.
T kt qu phn tch cc ph chng ti ngh cng thc cu to ca
cht CH.1 l nonacosan-1-ol (C29H59OH)
OH
Nonacosan-1-ol
3.3.2. -Sitosterol hay stigmast-5-en-3 -ol (C29H50O) (CH.2)
Tip tc ra gii sc k ct bng h dung mi n-hexan:clorofom t l
(7: 3) thu c cht tinh khit CH.2.
Cht CH.2 l cht rn, mu trng kt tinh li cho tinh th hnh kim (trong
n-hexan), c khi lng 10 mg, RfB = 0,55, nng chy 1381400C. Khi trn
ln vi -sitosterol trong phng th nghim nhit nng chy khng thay i.
Ph IR, 1H-NMR v 13C-NMR cho thy trong phn t ch c mt nhm
OH ti v tr C-3.
Ph 1H-NMR cho H-3 3,6 ppm v C-3 (71,84 ppm).
Thy c mt vn i C=C (ph IR c vn hp th 1650 cm-1 yu; ph 1HNM c H 5,4 (1H, J = 5 Hz); ph 13C-NMR c C 140,78 ppm v 121,73 ppm).
So snh cc s liu ph v cc hng s vt l ca cht CH.2 hon ton
ph hp vi -Sitosterol. ( dch chuyn ho hc ca cc nguyn t cacbon
cht CH.2 c nu trong bng 3.1).
37
Bng 3.1. S liu ph 13C-NMR ca cht CH.2 phn lp t cy
xuyn tm tho v ph -sitosterol [17]
V tr C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Cht CH.2
13
C-NMR (C ppm)
37,28
33,91
71,84
42,32
140,78
121,73
31,93
31,68
50,17
36,52
21,11
39,81
42,35
56,8
24,3
28,3
56,1
11,99
19,41
36,2
18,8
33,93
26,14
45,87
29,2
18,8
19,05
23,10
11,88
-Sitosterol [17]
13
V tr C
C-NMR (C ppm)
1
37,2
2
31,6
3
71,7
4
42,3
5
140,7
6
121,7
7
31,9
8
31,9
9
50,1
10
36,5
11
21,2
12
39,8
13
42,3
14
56,7
15
24,3
16
28,2
7
56,1
18
11,9
19
19,4
20
36,1
21
18,9
22
34,0
23
26,1
24
45,8
25
29,2
26
19,8
27
19,5
28
23,0
29
12,0
38
Da trn phn tch cc s liu ph FT-IR, DEPT, NMR v ti liu [17]

hp cht CH.2 hon ton ph hp vi cu trc ca cht -sitosterol.
Me 26
Me
25
Me
21
Me
12 18
22
20
27
24
23
28
17
Me
29
19
Me
14
10
15
3
5
HO
-Sitosterol
3.3.3. 1-Hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon (CH.3)
Cht CH.3 l nhng tinh th mu vng nht, Rf C= 0,84, nng chy
1481490C, c khi lng 25 mg, tch c t dch chit n-hexan, phn lp
bng sc k ct silicagen, ra gii ct bng h dung mi n-hexan:clorofom theo t
l (6:4).
Phn tch ph FT-IR cho vn hp th ti 3084,61cm-1 c trng cho lin
kt CH thm; 1661,15 cm-1 mnh c trng cho s c mt ca nhm cacbonyl
(C=O);1601,35 v 1489,48 cm-1 c trng cho dao ng lin kt C=C thm.
Chng t trong phn t ca cht CH.3 c nhm cacbonyl (C=O), nhn benzen.
Phn tch ph
13
C-NMR (hnh 3.2) v ph DEPT (hnh 3.3) cho bit
trong phn t CH.3 c 16 nguyn t cacbon trong c ba nhm CH3, bn

nhm CH v chn nguyn t cacbon bc bn.
Phn tch ph 1H-NMR (hnh 3.1) cho bit phn t CH.3 c 14 proton,
cho thy tn hiu ca mt proton H 13,23 ppm phn t c nhm OH nhng
ng gn nhm C=O nn to lin kt hiro ni phn t. Ph IR cng cho cc
thng tin ph hp vi nhn nh ny.
39
Ph 13C-NMR trong vng trng yu c mt tn hiu C 181,12 ppm
l tn hiu cng hng ca cacbon bc bn (cacbon nhm C=O). Nguyn
t cacbon bc bn lin kt vi nhm hiroxyl cho cng hng 163,79 ppm
iu ny cho php kt lun nhm OH lin kt vi cacbon thuc vng benzen.
Mt khc trn ph HMBC (hnh 3.5) cho thy c tng tc xa ca proton ny
vi C1, C2, C10. Ba nhm CH3 u cho cng hng trong vng trng mnh
vi (C 61,72 ppm; H 3,99 ppm), (C 57,12 ppm; H 3,91 ppm) v (C 55,14
ppm; H 3,86 ppm) iu ny chng t 3 nhm CH3 ny u thuc cc nhm
OCH3 lin kt vi cacbon vng benzen. Bn proton cn li u cng hng
H t 6,28 n 7,30 ppm iu chng t chng u l hiro ca cc vng
thm A v C, cc nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi cc nguyn t hiro ny cho
cc tn hiu C 91,97; 96,84; 112,70; 120,42 ppm, iu mt ln na chng
t cc nhm CH u thuc vng thm A, C. Tm nguyn t cacbon bc 4 cho
cc tn hiu cc pc C 163,78 (C-1); 166,37 (C-3); 149,24 (C7); 148,86 (C-8);
104,03 (C-10); 157,09 (C-11); 150,96 (C-12) v 115,70 (C-13) ppm. dch
chuyn ho hc ca cc nguyn t cacbon, hiro v cc tng tc xa ca cht
CH.3 c nu trong bng 3.2.
40
Bng 3.2. S liu ph NMR v cc tng tc xa trong CH.3
V tr
H(ppm), J(Hz)
(ppm)
-
Cn (13CNMR/
HC
DEPT)
(HMBC)
CH
1, 3, 4, 10, 11
163,79
96,84
166,37
91.97
6,30 (1H, d, J=1,69)
CH
1, 2, 3, 10, 11
112,7
7,13 (1H, d, J =9,19)
CH
6, 7, 8, 12, 13
120,42
7,32 (1H, t)
CH
5, 7, 8, 12, 13
149,24
148,86
181,12
10
104,4
11
157,1
12
150,96
13
115,7
6,28 (1H, d, J=1,28)

-
3-OCH3 55,14
3,86 (3H)
CH3
7-OCH3 57,13
3,91 (3H)
CH3
8-OCH3 61,7
3,99 (3H)
CH3
1, 2, 10
1-OH
13,23
41
T nhng thng tin thu c trn ph hng ngoi IR, ph 1H-NMR,
13
C-NMR, DEPT, HMBC, HSQC v ti liu [6], [7], [25] cho php chng ti
quy kt cho hp cht CH.3 l 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon (C16H14O6).

4
H3CO
O
3
11
10
6
12
13
9
1
OH
OCH3
OCH3
1-Hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon
42
Hnh 3.1. Ph 1 H-NMR ca 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon

43
Hnh 3.2. Ph 1 3C-NMR ca 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon
44
Hnh 3.3. Ph DEPT ca 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthon
45
Hnh 3.4. Ph HSQC ca 1-hidroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthon

46
Hnh 3.5. Ph HMBC ca 1-hidroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthon
47
3.3.4. 1-Hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon (CH.4)
Cht CH.4 l cht rn, mu vng nht thu c t dch chit n-hexan
ca cy xuyn tm tho, c phn lp bng sc k ct vi cht hp ph
silicagel, h dung mi ra gii l n-hexan:clorofom theo t l (1:1), c khi
lng 35mg, nhit nng chy 1731740C v RfC = 0,82.
Phn tch ph 1H-NMR (hnh 3.6), 13C-NMR (hnh 3.7) v ph IR ca
n c dng tng t nh cc ph tng ng ca cht CH.3.
Phn tch ph 13C-NMR v ph DEPT (hnh 3.8) cho bit phn t CH.4
c 15 nguyn t cacbon. Ph DEPT cho thy hp cht CH.4 c 2 nhm CH3,
5 nhm metin (CH) v 8 nguyn t cacbon bc bn. Nh vy cht CH.4 t
hn hp cht CH.3 mt nhm OCH3 v 1 nguyn t cacbon bc bn, nhng
nhiu hn hp cht CH.3 mt nhm metin (CH). Nh vy cng thc phn t
ca cht CH.4 l C15H12O5.
Trn c s phn tch cc ph c th suy ra cu trc phn t ca hp
cht CH.4 tng t CH.3, nhng vng C ch c mt nhm methoxy
(-OCH3) lin kt vi cacbon C-5 cn v tr C-6, C-7, C-8 khng c nhm
th. Cc nguyn t hiro cc v tr ny ln lt cng hng cc H bng
7,11; 7,19 v 7,67ppm cn C-6, C-7, C-8 c C ln lt l 115,4; 123,3 v
116,4 ppm. (cc s liu ph NMR v cc tng tc xa c trnh by bng 3.3)
48
Bng 3.3. S liu ph NMR v cc tng tc xa ca 1-hiroxy-3,5imethoxyxanthon (CH.4)
V tr
H(ppm), J(Hz)
(ppm)
Cn (13C-NMR/
DEPT)
(HMBC)
CH
1, 3, 4, 10, 11
CH
1, 2, 3, 10, 11
HC
163,07
97,35
166,5
92,48
148,1
115,4
7,11 (1H, d, J = 7,91)
CH
5, 7, 8, 12, 13
123,3
7,19 (1H, t)
CH
5, 6, 8, 12, 13
116,4
7,67 (1H, m)
CH
5, 6, 7, 12, 13
180,5
10
103,7
11
157,3
12
146,0
13
121,2
3-OCH3
55,7
3,82 (3H)
CH3
5-OCH3
56,18
3,94 (3H)
CH3
1-OH
1, 2, 10
6,25(1H, d, J =1,25)
6,40 (1H, d, J = 2,13)
-
12,74
T cc lp lun trn, tha mn vi cc c trng v ph NMR cho php

quy kt cng thc cu to ca hp cht CH.4 l 1-hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon.
OCH3
4
H3CO
O
3
11
C
7
13
10
6
12
9
1
OH
1-Hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon
49
Hnh 3.6. Ph 1 H-NMR ca 1-hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon
50
Hnh 3.7. Ph 1 3C-NMR ca 1-hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon
51
Hnh 3.8. Ph DEPT ca 1-hiroxy-3,5-imethoxy xanthon
52
3.3.5. 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon (E1)

Cht E1 l cht rn mu vng, thu c t dch chit etylaxetat ca cy
xuyn tm tho sau khi phn lp nhiu ln bng cc phng php sc k ct,
h dung mi ra gii metanol - clorofom t l (2:98), c khi lng 10 mg,
Rf C= 0,72, nng chy 273 2750C.
Ph IR cho vn hp th 3363,95 cm-1 c trng cho nhm OH tham
gia lin kt hiro gia cc phn t, 1667,83 cm-1 cng mnh c trng
cho nhm C=O c lin kt hiro ni phn t, ti 1573,19 v 1502,83 cm-1 ni
ln s c mt ca cc vng thm trong phn t E1 (hnh 3.9).
Ph 13C-NMR (hnh 3.11) ca n xut hin 14 nguyn t cacbon, trong
vng trng yu xut hin 1 nguyn t cacbon vi C 180,41 ppm c
trng i vi cacbon trong lin kt C=O. Trong vng trng trung bnh xut
hin 12 pc c trng cho 2 vng thm A, C v vng trng mnh c 1 pc
56,01 ppm c trng cho cacbon trong nhm OCH3.
Phn tch ph DEPT (hnh 3.12) cho bit phn t E1 c 14 nguyn t
cacbon trong c 5 nhm CH, mt nhm CH3 v tm nguyn t cacbon bc 4.
Trn ph 1H-NMR (hnh 3.10) cho bit phn t c mt proton cho tn
hiu mnh 12,85 ppm cho php quy kt l hiro ca nhm OH tham
gia lin kt hiro ni phn t vi nhm C=O, proton ny cho tng tc xa vi
C-1, C-2, C-10 (hnh 3.13). Nm tn hiu ng vi 5 proton lin kt vi cc
nguyn t cacbon ca vng thm cc chuyn dch ho hc H 6,38;
6,63; 7,26; 7,32 v 7,56 ppm.
T cc d kin trn cho php xy dng cng thc phn t ca n l C14H10O5.
s liu v ph NMR v cc tng tc xa ca cht E1 c nu ra bng 3.4.
53
Bng 3.4. S liu ph NMR, DEPT v tng tc xa ca 1,7ihyroxy-3- methoxy xanthon (E1)
V tr
C (ppm)
H (ppm)
162,5
97,0
166,5
92,65
Cn (13CNMR/
DEPT)
C
6,63 (dd, j=3,3; 2,3)
HC
(HMBC)
-
CH
1, 3, 4, 10, 11
6,38 (dd, j=3,3; 2,3)
CH
1, 2, 3, 10, 11
124,2
7,26 (t, j=6,40; 7,7)
CH
6, 7, 8, 12, 13
120,7
7,32 (dd, j=1,57; 1,57)
CH
5, 7, 8, 12, 13
144,9
114,5
CH
5, 6, 7, 9,12, 13
180,4
10
102,9
11
157,1
12
146,2
13
120,9
3-OCH3
56,1
3,89 (3H, s)
CH3
7,56 (dd, j=1,57; 1,66)-
1-OH
12,85
1, 2, 10
7-OH
11,05
7,8
Trn c s s liu thc nghim v cc ph NMR, DEPT, HSQC (hnh

3.15), HMBC (hnh 3.16) v ti liu [6], [31] chng ti quy kt cht E1 l 1,7ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon.
H3CO
C
OH
OH
1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon
54
Hnh 3.9. Ph IR ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon
55
Hnh 3.10. Ph 1 H-NMR ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxyxanthon
56
Hnh 3.11. Ph 13 C-NMR ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon
57
Hnh 3.12. Ph DEPT ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon
58
Hnh 3.13. Ph HMBC ca 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon

59
3.3.6. 1,7-ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon (E2)
Cht E2 c phn lp c t cn chit etylaxetat, h dung mi ra
gii l metanol - clorofom t l l 5-95, cht rn, mu vng, c khi lng 13
mg, nng chy 2372400C, Rf C = 0,66.
Ph FT-IR cho vn hp th mnh 3307,33 cm-1 c trng cho nhm
OH tham gia vo lin kt hiro gia cc phn t; 1663,18 cm-1 c trng cho
dao ng ca nhm C=O; 1604,40 v 1566,07 cm-1 c trng cho dao ng
ca cc vng thm.
Ph 1H-NMR (hnh 3.14) cho bit hp cht E2 ch c 4 nguyn t hiro
lin kt trc tip vi cacbon ca vng thm cc chuyn dch ho hc H
ln lt l 7,39; 7,31; 6,55 v 6,37 ppm.
Ph cng hng t ht nhn 13C-NMR (hnh 3.15) ca cht E2 cho bit
cht ny c 15 nguyn t cacbon. vng trng yu c C 179,13 ppm c
trng cho cng hng ca cacbon trong nhm C=O. vng trng trung bnh
c 12 tn hiu ca cacbon, tng ng vi cng hng ca 12 nguyn t
cacbon thuc cc vng thm A v C, cn vng trng mnh c tn hiu ca
2 nguyn t cacbon c C l 55,96 ppm v 56,32 ppm c trng cho 2 cacbon
thuc nhm OCH3.
Ph DEPT (hnh 3.16) cho bit phn t E2 c 15 nguyn t cacbon
trong c 2 nhm CH3, 4 nhm CH v chn nguyn t cacbon bc 4.
Cc s liu v ph NMR, DEPT v cc tng tc xa ca cht E2 c nu
ra bng 3.4.
60
Bng 3.5. S liu ph NMR, DEPT v cc tng tc xa ca 1,7-ihyroxy3,6-imethoxy xanthon
H (ppm),
J (Hz)
-
Cn (13C-NMR/
DEPT)
C
HC
(HMBC)
-
C
(ppm)
162,34
96,62
6,37 (1H, d, J=2,25)
CH
1, 3, 4, 10, 11
165,67
92,34
6,55 (1H, d, J=2,21)
CH
1, 2, 3, 10, 11
100,0
7,13 (1H, s)
CH
6, 7, 8, 12, 13
155,3
144,4
107,4
CH
5, 6, 7,9, 12, 13
179,1
10
102,5
11
157,2
12
150,9
13
112,6
3-OCH3
56,0
3,87 (3H)
CH3
6-OCH3
56,3
3,94 (3H)
CH3
1-OH
12,85
1, 2, 10
V tr
7,39 (1H, s)
Kt hp cc phng php ph NMR, ph MS, ph IR, DEPT, HSQC ,

HMBC (hnh 3.17) v ti liu [6], [30] chng ti xy dng cu trc ca cht
E2 l 1,7- ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon.
H3CO
OCH3
C
OH
OH
1,7- ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon

61
Hnh 3.14. Ph 1H-NMR ca 1,7-ihyroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon
62
Hnh 3.15. Ph 13C-NMR ca 1,7- ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon

63
Hnh 3.16. Ph DEPT ca 1,7-ihyroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon

64
Hnh 3.17. Ph HMBC ca 1,7-ihyroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon

65
3.4. Th hot tnh sinh hc
Cn chit cht tng s c chit, tch bng dung mi metanol. Sau khi
lm kh kit, loi b hon ton dung mi c gi ti phng th nghim vi
sinh trng i hc Y khoa Thi Nguyn th tc dng sinh hc ca chng.
Kt qu c nu bng 2.3 v hnh 2.1 cho thy cn tng thu c t
dch chit cy xuyn tm tho c tc dng khng khun vi cc vi khun
khun Staphylococcusauresu (t cu vng), Escherichia coli (thc khun
ng rut), Salmonella spp (thng hn), Shigella spp (l trc khun),
Streptococcus pyogenes (lin cu).
66
KT LUN
1. Nghin cu sng lc ho thc vt ca cy xuyn tm t ho
pht hin thy nhiu nhm hp cht thin nhin c hot tnh sinh hc cao
l steroit, ng kh, cc flavonoit, cc cht polyphenol, glycozit tim
v cc cht xanthon.
2. T cy xuyn tm tho thu hoch tnh Cao Bng ln u tin
phn lp c 6 cht v da vo cc c trng ho l, cc s liu ph ESIMS, NMR, FT-IR, HSQC, HMBC nhn dng c cu trc ca 6 hp cht
hu c thuc cc nhm ancol no mch di, steroit, xanthon
3. Phn tch cc ph IR, MS, NMR, DEPT, HSQC v HMBC cc cht tinh
khit c tch ra ni trn nhn dng c chng l: Nonacosan-1-ol
(CH1); -sitosterol (CH-2); 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon (CH-3); 1-hiroxy3,5-imethoxy xanthon (CH-4); 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon (E-1) v 1,7ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon (E-2). Trong cc cht E-1, E-2 l cht ln u
phn lp c t thc vt Canscora lucidissima tnh Cao Bng.
4. T dch chit tng ca cy xuyn tm tho c tc dng khng cc
khun Staphylococcusauresu (t cu vng), E.coli (thc khun ng rut),
Salmonella spp (thng hn), Shigella spp (l trc khun), Streptococcus

pyogenes (lin cu).
KIN NGH
Cy xuyn tm tho l mt cy thuc qu, c nhiu tc dng trong y
hc. V vy ti ngh vi cc cp c thm quyn tip tc cho nghin cu
mt cch su rng hn v cy xuyn tm tho nhm phc v tt trong i
sng nhn dn.
67
CC CNG TRNH CNG B LIN QUAN N LUN VN

Phm vn Thnh Hong Th Yn
"Cc xanthon phn lp t cy xuyn tm tho (Canscora lucidissima)
Tp ch Khoa hc cng ngh i hc Thi Nguyn trang 77-81, tp 70,
s 80, 2010
68
TI LIU THAM KHO
I. Ting vit
1. Nguyn Tin Bn (2002), Danh mc thc vt Vit Nam, NXB Nng
nghip, H Ni.
2.
Phm Hong H (2003), Cy c Vit Nam NXB Tr Tp HCM
3.
Nguyn Vn n (1997), Cc phng php nghin cu cy thuc,

Nxb Y-Dc, TP H Ch Minh .
4.
Nguyn Th Hng Giang, o Vn Phan, "Nghin cu c ch h

glucose mu ca mangiferin chit xut t cy tri mu ( anemarrhena
asphodeloides Bunge)", 2004/Tp 30/S 4 trang 8-14
5.
Ng c Trng (2008), lun vn thc s Nghin cu ho hc v nhn

dng mt s nhm cht trong cy ch rng ca Phyllathus urinaria
L.,Euphorbiaceae,
II. Ti liu ting Anh

6.
Chapman & Hall/CRC, DNP on CD ROM, 1982-2006.
7.
R. K. Chudhljri and S. Ghosal Xanthones of Canscora decussata

Schult.Phytochemistry 1971, 10, pp 2425- 2432.
8.
Shibnath Ghosal and Ratan Kumar Chaudhuiu, New tetraoxygenated

xanthones of Canscora decussata Schult. Phytochemistry 1973, 12, pp
2035-2038
9.
Shibnath Ghosal, Ratan K. chaudhuri and Amar Nath. Lanostane triterpenes

of Canscora decussata. Phytochemistry 1973, 12, pp 1763-1766.
10
Ghosal S, Chaudhuri RK, Nath A. Chemical constituents of the roots of

Canscora decussata. Part II. J.Chem Soc 1971; 48; 589-592
11.
Shibnath Ghosal and Kanika Biswas.Two new 1,3,5,6,7pentaoxygenated xanthones from Canscora decussata.
Phytochemistry 1979, 18, pp1029- 1031.
69
12. Shibnath Ghosal, Rama Ballava P.S. Chauhan, Kanika Biswas and Ratan
K. Chaudhuri. "New1,3,5-trioxygenated xanthones in Canscora
decussata". Phytochemistry 1976,15, pp 1041-1043
13. Ghosal S, Singh AK, Chaudhuri RK. Chemical constituents of
Gentianaceae XX: Natural occurrence of (-) loliolide in Canscora
decussata. J Pharm Sci 1976; 65; 1549-1551
14. Ghosal, S. et al., J . Pharm. Sci., 1973, 62, 137-138
15. Ghosal, S. et al., J. Indian Chem. Soc, 1971, 48, 589
16
Bhattacharya SK, Ghosal S, Chaudhuri RK, Sanyal AK. C. decussata

(Gentianaceae) Xanthones 3 Pharmacological Studies. J Pharm. Sci
1972; 61;1838-1849.
17. Goat J.L., Akihisa T. (1997), Analysis of steroit frest ed,

Phytochemistry, pp.324.
18. Ghosal S, Chaudhuri RK, Nath A. Chemical constituents of
Gentianaceae IV New Xanthone of Canscora decussata. J Pharm Sci
1973; 62;137-139.
19. Ghosal S, Biswas K, Chaudhuri RK. Chemical constituents of
Gentianaceae part 22, structure of new 1, 3, 5-tri and 1, 3, 5, 6, 7-penta
oxygenated xanthones Canscora decussata Schult. J Pharm Sci
1977;14;1597-1605
20. Babita Madan, B.C.Mandal, Sarvesh Kumar and B. Shosh, "Canscora
decussata (Roxb.) Schult. (Gentianaceae) inhibits LPS-induced
expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin on endothelial cells and
carageenan-induced paw-edema in rats". Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 2003; 89; pp 211-216
21.
Kanamori, H. et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1984; 32; 2290
22.
Ho Ting Nung ( 1988), "Flora seipublicae popularis sinacae", tp 2.

Saence press.
70
23.
He Q, HeL, Xu, Deng B. " Effect of xanthone from Canscora

lucidissima on cultured myocytes anoxia-reoxygenation injuries",
Zhong Yao Cai 2000, Jul;23(7):399-401
24. He Q, He Q, Xu S, Peng B. " Mechanism of Canscora lucidissima xanthones

against arrhythmia induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats"
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1998 Sep;23(9):556-557
25. Hong.D, trihyroxyxanthone in plant canscora decussata.
Phytochemistry, 2004, Vol.60, pp 2293-2300
26
Ghosal S, Biswas K, Chaudhuri RK. Chemical constituents of

Gentianaceae XXIV: Anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of
naturally occurring xanthones and synthetic analogs
J Pharm Sci 1978; 67; 721-722.
27
Madan B, Mandal BC, Kumar S, Ghosh B. Canscora decussata (Roxb.)

Schult. (Gentianaceae) inhibits LPS-induced expression of ICAM-1 and
E-selectin on endothelial cells and carageenan-induced paw-edema in
rats. J. Ethnopharma 2003;89;211-216.
28
Neeraj K. Sethiya , Alok Nahata , V. K. Dixit

"Simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of scopoletin and
mangiferin in a methanolic extract of Canscora decussata Schult".
Asian journal of traditional medicines 2008 3 (6); pp 224-229
29. Yang Dong Mei, Shi Bo Xu "Journal of Guangdong University of

Pharmacy". 2001; 3; vol.19
30
Devendra K, Bhardwaj, Rakeesh K, Jain and Chander K.Mehta.

"1-Hidroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-6-acetoxyxanthone,1 new xanthone from
Lawsonia inermis"
Phytochemistry, 1978, Vol.17, pp 1400- 1410
31
Yukinobu Ikeya, Ko Sugama, Minoru and Hiroshi Mitsuhashi

"Two xanthones from Polygala tenuifolia"
71
Phytochemistry, 1991, Vol.30, No.6, pp 2061- 2065

III. Cc trang web
32.
http:/www.freshpatents.com/Pharmaceutical-canscora-diffusacontaining- composition-dt20080814ptan20080193567.php
33.
Magiferin - Thuc bit dc iu tr bnh da liu

http://www.thuocbietduoc.com.vn/thuoc/thuoc-goc891.aspx
34. Sinh hc Vit Nam, http://www.sinhhocvietnam.com/vn/modules.php?

go=page&name=Pag es1&pid=76
35. Thy thuc ca bn,
http://www.thaythuoccuaban.com/vithuoc/xuyentamthao.htm
36.
Trung tm d liu thc vt Vit Nam.

htpp//www.botanyvn.com/cnt.asp?param=edir&list=species&fl=C&pg=7
35. Vietgle-Tri thc vit-Canscora decussata.

http://www.vietgle.vn/trithucviet/detail.spx?key=decussata&type=A0
36. Vietgle-Tri thc vit-Canscora diffusa.
http://www.vietgle.vn/trithucviet/detail.spx?key=diffusa&type=A0
39. Vietgle -Tri thc vit-Canscora.
http://www.vietgle.vn/trithucviet/detail.aspx?key=Canscora&type=A0
40. Vietgle -Tri thc vit-Canscora lucidissima.
http://www.vietgle.vn/trithucviet/detail.aspx?key=lucidissima&type=A0
41.
ng dng ca Mangiferin trong m phm.

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20060088560.html?highlight=mangi
ferin&stemming=on, ngy 03/5/2008
42. ng dng ca cc xanthon.

http://yp.com.vn/yp/Suckhoethammy/SucKhoe.aspx?id=36399&mamota=7
41.
Y hc c truyn Tu Tnh
72
PH LC
I.
II.
III.
IV
VI
VII.
Ph cht Nonacosan-1-ol C 29H59OH (CH-1)

Ph IR ........................................................................
Ph 1H-NMR ......................................................................
Ph cht cht -Sitosterol (CH-2) C 29H50O (CH-2)
Ph 1H-NMR .......................................................................
Ph 13C-NMR .....................................................................
Ph DEPT ...........................................................................
Ph cht 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy xanthon (CH.3)
Ph IR ..............................................................................................
Ph 1H-NMR ......................................................................
Ph 13C-NMR .....................................................................
Ph DEPT ............................................................................
Ph HSQC ...........................................................................
Ph HMBC
Ph cht 1-hiroxy-3,5,-imethoxy xanthon (CH.4)
Ph IR ..............................................................................................
Ph 1H-NMR ......................................................................
Ph 13C-NMR .....................................................................
Ph DEPT ............................................................................
Ph cht 1,7-ihiroxy-3-methoxy xanthon (E1)
Ph 1H-NMR ......................................................................
Ph 13C-NMR ......................................................................
Ph DEPT ............................................................................
Ph HSQC ...........................................................................
Ph HMBC ....................................................................................
Ph cht 1,7-ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon (E2)
Ph IR .........................................................................................
Ph 1H-NMR ......................................................................
Ph 13C-NMR ......................................................................
Ph DEPT ............................................................................
Ph HSQC ...........................................................................
Ph HMBC ....................................................................................
Kt qu th hot tnh khng khun ca dch chit tng t
cy xuyn tm tho
73
84
76
79
81
83
84
87
90
91
93
95
96
99
102
104
107
110
112
114
116
117
120
123
125
127
130
73
I. Ph cht nonacosan-1-ol (C29H59OH)
74
75
76
II. Ph cht -Sitosterol hay stigmast-5-en-3-ol (C29H50O) (CH.2)
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
III. Ph cht 1-hiroxy-3,7,8-trihiroxy xanthon (CH.3)
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
IV. Ph cht 1-hiroxy-3,5-ihiroxy xanthon (CH.4)
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
V. Ph cht 1,7- ihiroxy-3-methoxyxanthon
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
VI. Ph cht 1,7-ihiroxy-3,6-imethoxy xanthon (E2)
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130

Xuyen Tam Thao

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Xuyen Tam Thao

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

I HC THI NGUYN

NGHIN CU THNH PHN HO HC

LUN VN THC S KHOA HC HO HC

Thi Nguyn, nm 2010

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

NGHIN CU THNH PHN HO HC

LUN VN THC S KHOA HC HO HC

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: PGS.TS PHM VN THNH

Thi Nguyn, nm 2010

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

2.3.3. Th hot tnh sinh hc ................................................................ 27

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

DANH MC CC T VIT TT DNG TRONG LUN VN

: Column Chromatography (Sc k ct)

: Thin-layer Chromatography (Sc k lp mng)

: Mass Spectrometry (Ph khi lng)

: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

: Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

C-NMR : Ph cng hng t ht nhn cacbon-13

: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarisation Transfer

: Heteronuclear Single - Quantum Coherence

: Heteronuclear multiple - Bond Correlation

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

ho nn h thc vt rt phong ph v a dng vi nhiu loi thc vt l

cha ng ta bit s dng nhiu loi cy c trong t nhin lm thuc cha

c c ng dng rng ri trong rt nhiu ngnh nh ngnh cng nghip,

chng c cha nhng bit dc rt kh tng hp, c khoa hc hin

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

CHNG I: TNG QUAN

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

Hnh 1.1. Hnh nh cy xuyn tm tho (Canscora lucidissima)

1.3.4. Cc hp cht khung xanthon

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

R1= H; R2 =R3 = R4 = R5 = Me (19)

T hoa ti loi thc vt Canscora decussata n nm 1978,

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

1.3.5. Mt s hp cht khc

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

Cc sc k lp mng (SKLM) c soi di n t ngoi bc sng

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

C.H: Cn chit n- hexan

Khi lng cn chit thu c (g)

Ton b phn trn

2.3.2. Kho st nh tnh cc dch chit

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

(FeCl3+K3[Fe(CN)6])1% Xanh thm

FeCl3 trong CH3COOH +

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

Dung dch nht mu dn

: Phn ng dng tnh.

2.3.3. Th hot tnh sinh hc

Vi khun: Gr (-) Escherichia coli (thc khun ng rut).

Vi khun: Gr (+) Staphylococcus auresu (t cu vng).