Lesson 1 Fractions: Addition and Subtraction

(Review of Grade 7 work) In Grade 7, students worked with addition and subtraction of fractions concretely, pictorially, and in estimating sums and differences (See Gr. 7 Curriculum Document N5). In Grade 8, students frequently use these skills in their work. Students will benefit from a review of equivalent fractions, lowest terms, LCM, and fraction/decimal/percent relationships. To review operations with fractions in a concrete context, number lines, fraction bars, pattern blocks, etc. will be helpful. In developing an algorithm for addition/subtraction of fractions, an emphasis should be placed on the writing of equivalent fractions. Number lines are often an appropriate model for students to use to further develop their understanding of equivalent fractions. Students will become less reliant on pictorial models if they can reach the understanding that fractions can be easily added or subtracted when they have equal subdivisions (common denominator). Note: It is necessary to identify the whole when using manipulatives and drawings. Instructions: Adding Fractions Day 1

1. Review and practice methods of concretely representing the operation of addition with fractions using these examples: A.

3 1 + 5 2

is the same as

6 5 + 10 10

=
5 6

11 10

which is 1

1 10

B.

5 1 + 6 2
0

1 2

1 which is 1

5 5 3 8 1 + + 6 6 = 6 2 can be thought of as 6

2 1 or 1 6 3

C. If the hexagon

is the whole, then the triangle is

is

1 and the rhombus 6

1 3

so

2 1 5 + = 3 6 6

Students will benefit from practice in deconstructing fractions to help with addition. For example,

5 1 + can be seen as 8 2 4 1 1 + + 8 8 2
or

1 1 1 1 + + , which is 1 2 8 2 8

2. Students complete Practice Sheet Day 1 addition of fractions. Use the attached answer key to correct the practice sheet with the students. 3. Before students leave the session have them complete Formative Assessment #1 (10-15 minutes). Collect the assessment. Correct it and return it to the students on Day 2.

Instructions: Adding and Subtracting Fractions

Day 2

1. Return Formative Assessment #1 and discuss questions that need to be reviewed based on student need. 2. Use the results from Formative Assessment #1 to guide the lesson. Review the addition of fractions if needed. Review and practice method of drawing the operation of subtraction with fractions as outlined below. 3. Students complete addition and subtraction of fractions Practice Sheet Day 2. Use the attached answer key to correct the practice sheet with the students. 4. Have the students complete the Summative Assessment ( last 10 minutes)

Review Adding Fractions (if needed) 2 1 Example: + 3 6 Draw both fractions together on the same bar and clearly identify each one.

or

5 6

Subtracting Fractions
5 1 6 3 Draw a picture to show the first fraction and identify the second fraction that is taken away.

a.

1 5 2 6 Draw the first fraction and partition appropriately it to take away the second fraction.

b. 1

= Practice with the following questions. 1 1 c. 2 3

4 6

1 6

d. 1

2 1 3 6

=1

1 2

e. 1

1 6

2 3

1 2

Item Bank Complete these additional example questions with students who still require more support with adding and subtracting fractions. The items could be completed: As homework for individuals who need extra practice In small groups In extra help sessions

Practice Sheet Lesson 1

Adding Fractions

Day 1

1 a.

3 3 + 5 5

b. 3

3 3 +1 4 8

c.

2 3 + 4 8

d. 3

1 1 + 2 4 2

e.

1 2 + 2 3

f.

7 1 + 8 8

2. The rectangle below represents 1. Draw the addition of

1 1 + . 3 2

Lesson 1 Adding Fractions Name:_________________

Formative Assessment #1

1. The rectangle below represents 1. Make a drawing to show

1 1 + . 2 6

2. Solve a.
2 3 + 5 5

b.

7 5 + 8 8

c. 5

3 3 + 2 8 4

3. Find the missing numerator which makes the following equation true.
3 ? 5 + =1 4 3 12

1 4. Write two pairs of fractions with the sum of 2 .

Practice Sheet Lesson 1 Adding and Subtracting Fractions

Day 2

1 2 1 a. 7 + 7

1 3 b. 2 + 4

1 c. 2 5

1 + 23

3 d. 4 -

3 6

1 1 e. 4 - 5

3 f. 3 4

1 - 2 3

2. Which of the following have answers close to 5? 1 1 a. 3 2 + 4 5 1 3 b. 2 2 + 2 4 5 3 c. 10 6 - 4 4 4 d. 2 7 - 2 6 1 e. 7 7 - 2 7

Lesson 1

Adding and Subtracting Fractions

Summative Assessment

Name ______________

1 1 1. Tanya went shopping and spent 3 of her allowance on clothing and 5 on snacks. What fraction of her allowance did she spend?

2. Choose the missing numerator to make the equation true. 2 + ? = 16 5 3 15 a. 2 b. 8 c. 10 d. 14

3.

2 + 3

4.

3 2 4 5

5. Write two fractions with the sum of

3 . 4

6. Vinces family went to visit their cousins. They had they left and

7 of a tank of gas when 8

1 of a tank of gas when they returned. How much gas was used? 4

Item Bank for Additional Practice 3 a. 1 4 2 + 23 = 1 b. 5 2 + 3= 1 c. 6 3 + 4 =

4 d. 2 5

1 - 13

2 1 e. 2 3 + 6

f.

2 2 3 5

g. 7

1 1 - 6 2 3

h.

2 3 + 3 4

i. 16 - 4

2 3

j. 3

1 2 - 1 2 6

k.

7 3 8 8

l. 2

2 1 + 3 5 4

2. The large exterior square below represents 1 unit. It has been divided into sections. Each section is identified by a letter.

a.What fraction of the whole does each of the sections A, B, and F represent? A= ___________ B= ______________ F= _____________

b.Explain how you know what fraction of the whole section E represents. ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ c. What two sections when put together would be equal to
3 ? ____ 16

1 2. Using the following figures to draw two fractions with the sum of 2 . a. b.